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00534442 OptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series V100R002C00 Product Description Issue 01 Date 2009-06-30 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 1: OptiX PTN3900

00534442

OptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN SeriesV100R002C00

Product Description

Issue 01

Date 2009-06-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided “AS IS” without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

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About This Document

PurposeThis document describes the networking application, functions, structure, features of theequipment.

This document provides guides to get the general information about the OptiX PTN 3900.

Related VersionsThe following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

OptiX PTN 3900 V100R002C00

OptiX iManager T2000 V200R007C03

Intended AudienceThis document is intended for:

l Network Planning Engineers

OrganizationThis document is organized as follows.

Chapter Description

1 Overview Describes the equipment features and the position of theequipment in the network.

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Chapter Description

2 Functions and Features Describes the service types, processing capability, serviceinterfaces, protection capability, QoS, OAM feature, NSFfunction and DCN mode that are supported by theequipment.

3 System Architecture Describes the functional modules, hardware structure andsoftware structure of the equipment.

4 Services Describes the services of the equipment.

5 Key Features Describes the main features of the equipment.

6 Protection Describes the equipment-level protection and network-levelprotection of the equipment.

7 Operation, Administrationand Maintenance

Describes the operation, maintenance and managementcapabilities of the equipment and the T2000 networkmanagement system used for the equipment.

8 Security Management Describes the main technical characteristics of theequipment in terms of safe operation.

9 Networking Application Describes the application of the equipment on mobileservices , L2VPN services and offload solutions.

10 Technical Specifications Describes the technical specifications of the equipment.

A Compliant Standards andProtocols

Describes the compliant standards and protocols of theequipment.

B Glossary Lists the glossary used in this document.

C Acronyms andAbbreviations

Lists the acronyms and abbreviations used in this document.

Conventions

Symbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

DANGERIndicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if notavoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNINGIndicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, whichif not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

About This DocumentOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

Product Description

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Symbol Description

CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if notavoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,performance degradation, or unexpected results.

NOTE Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or savetime.

TIP Provides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

General ConventionsThe general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are inboldface. For example, log in as user root.

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are inCourier New.

Command ConventionsThe command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italics.

[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. One item is selected.

[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated byvertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of allitems can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated byvertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.

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GUI ConventionsThe GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titlesare in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Keyboard OperationsThe keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Format Description

Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.

Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.

Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A meansthe two keys should be pressed in turn.

Mouse OperationsThe mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Action Description

Click Select and release the primary mouse button without movingthe pointer.

Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously andquickly without moving the pointer.

Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move thepointer to a certain position.

Update HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Update in 01 (2009-06-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00This document is the first release of the V100R002C00 version.

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Product Description

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Update in Issue 07 (2009-06-01) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The power consumption is updated.

Update in Issue 06 (2009-04-20) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The technical specifications of the optical interfaces on the boards are updated.

Update in Issue 05 (2009-02-20) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 2 Functions and Features, Chapter 3 System Architecture and Chapter 10Technical Specifications:TN82XCS, TN82EG16 and TN81EFF8 boards are added.

l Chapter 2 Functions:External time interface is added.

l Chapter 5 Key Features:IEEE 1588 V2 clock is added.

l Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The maximum number of virtual ports supported for each VSI is modified from 64 to 256.The number of supported APS protection groups is added.The number of supported ML-PPP groups is added.

l Chapter 4 Services and Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The number of supported ATM connections supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 is modifiedfrom 4k to 8k (remote service) and from 2k to 4k (local service).

Update in Issue 04 (2009-01-10) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 5 Key Features:DCN packets can be transparently transported over the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel is added.

l Chapter 5 Key Features:Synchronous Ethernet Clock is added.

Update in Issue 03 (2008-10-20) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 2 Functions and Features, Chapter 3 System Architecture and Chapter 10Technical Specifications:EX2 board is added.

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l Chapter 2 Functions and Features and Chapter 6 Protection:TPS protection is added.

l Chapter 4 Services and Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The number of supported ATM services supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 is modifiedfrom 512 to 2k (remote service) and from 512 to 1k (local service).

l Chapter 4 Services and Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The number of supported ATM connections supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 is modifiedfrom 1k to 4k (remote service) and from 1k to 2k (local service).

Update in Issue 02 (2008-08-20) Based on Product Version V100R001The update of the document are as follow:

l Chapter 2 Functions and Features and Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:Information about the Ve-1.2 interface is deleted.

l Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The supported number of MAC addresses is described separately for the static and dynamicscenarios.

l Chapter 10 Technical Specifications:The lower limit of the wavelength range of the CMR2 is changed from 1291 to 1271.

Update in Issue 01 (2008-05-10) Based on Product Version V100R001This document is the first release of the V100R001 version.

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Product Description

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Contents

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Overview......................................................................................................................................1-11.1 Equipment Introduction...................................................................................................................................1-21.2 Network Application.......................................................................................................................................1-3

2 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................2-12.1 Service Types..................................................................................................................................................2-32.2 Service Processing Capability.........................................................................................................................2-3

2.2.1 Switching Capability..............................................................................................................................2-32.2.2 Maximum Access Capability.................................................................................................................2-3

2.3 Interface Types................................................................................................................................................2-42.3.1 Service Interfaces...................................................................................................................................2-52.3.2 Administration and Auxiliary Interfaces................................................................................................2-5

2.4 Networking Capability....................................................................................................................................2-62.5 Protection Capability.....................................................................................................................................2-112.6 QoS................................................................................................................................................................2-122.7 OAM Features...............................................................................................................................................2-132.8 NSF................................................................................................................................................................2-142.9 Clock.............................................................................................................................................................2-142.10 DCN Scheme...............................................................................................................................................2-15

3 System Architecture...................................................................................................................3-13.1 Functional Modules.........................................................................................................................................3-23.2 Hardware Structure......................................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.2.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................3-43.2.2 Cabinet................................................................................................................................................... 3-43.2.3 Subrack...................................................................................................................................................3-63.2.4 Boards.....................................................................................................................................................3-93.2.5 Valid Slots for Boards..........................................................................................................................3-10

3.3 Software Architecture...................................................................................................................................3-123.3.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................................3-123.3.2 NE Software.........................................................................................................................................3-143.3.3 Board Software.....................................................................................................................................3-15

4 Services.........................................................................................................................................4-1

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4.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................4-24.1.1 Service Model........................................................................................................................................4-24.1.2 Service Processing..................................................................................................................................4-7

4.2 Ethernet Service..............................................................................................................................................4-94.3 ATM Service.................................................................................................................................................4-134.4 Circuit Emulation Service.............................................................................................................................4-144.5 L3VPN Services............................................................................................................................................4-16

5 Key Features................................................................................................................................5-15.1 MPLS..............................................................................................................................................................5-3

5.1.1 MPLS Background.................................................................................................................................5-35.1.2 Basic MPLS Concepts............................................................................................................................5-35.1.3 MPLS System Structure.........................................................................................................................5-55.1.4 MPLS Features of the Equipment..........................................................................................................5-5

5.2 IS-IS Routing Protocol....................................................................................................................................5-65.3 BGP.................................................................................................................................................................5-85.4 OSPF Protocol...............................................................................................................................................5-105.5 RIP.................................................................................................................................................................5-125.6 MPLS Signaling............................................................................................................................................5-145.7 PWE3............................................................................................................................................................5-145.8 IP Tunnel and GRE Tunnel...........................................................................................................................5-155.9 QoS................................................................................................................................................................5-175.10 IGMP Snooping...........................................................................................................................................5-205.11 MSTP/RSTP/STP........................................................................................................................................5-215.12 ACL ............................................................................................................................................................5-225.13 BFD.............................................................................................................................................................5-235.14 Synchronous Ethernet Clock.......................................................................................................................5-235.15 IEEE 1588 V2 Clock...................................................................................................................................5-25

6 Protection.....................................................................................................................................6-16.1 Equipment Level Protection............................................................................................................................6-2

6.1.1 TPS Protection........................................................................................................................................6-26.1.2 1+1 Protection for the SCA Board.........................................................................................................6-36.1.3 1+1 Protection for the Cross-Connect and Timing Board......................................................................6-46.1.4 1+1 Protection for the PIU.....................................................................................................................6-5

6.2 Network Level Protection...............................................................................................................................6-56.2.1 MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 Protection................................................................................................................6-66.2.2 FRR Protection.......................................................................................................................................6-86.2.3 Ethernet LAG Protection......................................................................................................................6-106.2.4 Ethernet Spanning Tree Protection......................................................................................................6-116.2.5 LMSP Protection..................................................................................................................................6-136.2.6 Packet E1 ML-PPP Protection.............................................................................................................6-166.2.7 IMA Protection.....................................................................................................................................6-17

ContentsOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

Product Description

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7 Operation, Administration and Maintenance......................................................................7-17.1 OAM Capability..............................................................................................................................................7-2

7.1.1 Operation and Configuration Tools........................................................................................................7-27.1.2 Monitoring and Maintenance.................................................................................................................7-27.1.3 Diagnosis and Debugging...................................................................................................................... 7-37.1.4 Expansion and Upgrade......................................................................................................................... 7-3

7.2 T2000 Network Management System.............................................................................................................7-3

8 Security Management................................................................................................................8-18.1 Authentication Management...........................................................................................................................8-28.2 Authorization Management.............................................................................................................................8-28.3 Network Security Management.......................................................................................................................8-28.4 System Security Management.........................................................................................................................8-38.5 NE Security Log Management........................................................................................................................8-38.6 Syslog Management........................................................................................................................................8-3

9 Networking Application...........................................................................................................9-19.1 Application of the Equipment for Mobile Services........................................................................................ 9-29.2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the L2VPN Service.........................................................................9-6

9.2.1 Transport of the E-Line Service.............................................................................................................9-69.2.2 Transport of the E-LAN Service............................................................................................................9-7

9.3 Offload Solution..............................................................................................................................................9-9

10 Technical Specifications.......................................................................................................10-110.1 System Specifications.................................................................................................................................10-210.2 System Performance....................................................................................................................................10-310.3 Technical Specifications of Boards.............................................................................................................10-6

10.3.1 Technical Specification of the TN81EG16........................................................................................10-710.3.2 Technical Specification of the TN82EG16........................................................................................10-810.3.3 Technical Specification of the EX2....................................................................................................10-910.3.4 Technical Specification of the ETFC...............................................................................................10-1010.3.5 Technical Specifications of the EFF8..............................................................................................10-1110.3.6 Technical Specification of the EFG2...............................................................................................10-1110.3.7 Technical Specification of the MP1.................................................................................................10-1210.3.8 Technical Specification of the MD1................................................................................................10-1310.3.9 Technical Specification of the MQ1................................................................................................10-1310.3.10 Technical Specification of the CD1...............................................................................................10-1310.3.11 Technical Specification of the AD1...............................................................................................10-1310.3.12 Technical Specification of the ASD1.............................................................................................10-1410.3.13 Technical Specifications of the AFO1...........................................................................................10-1510.3.14 Technical Specification of the POD41...........................................................................................10-1610.3.15 Technical Specification of the D12................................................................................................10-1710.3.16 Technical Specification of the D75................................................................................................10-1710.3.17 Technical Specification of the CMR4............................................................................................10-18

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10.3.18 Technical Specification of the CMR2............................................................................................10-1910.3.19 Technical Specification of the TN81SCA......................................................................................10-2010.3.20 Technical Specification of the TN82SCA......................................................................................10-2010.3.21 Technical Specification of the TN81XCS......................................................................................10-2110.3.22 Technical Specification of the TN82XCS......................................................................................10-2110.3.23 Technical Specification of the PIU................................................................................................10-2110.3.24 Technical Specification of the FAN...............................................................................................10-21

10.4 Laser Class................................................................................................................................................10-2110.5 Specifications of Clock Interfaces.............................................................................................................10-2210.6 Reliability Specifications..........................................................................................................................10-2310.7 EMC Performance Specifications.............................................................................................................10-2310.8 Safety Certification...................................................................................................................................10-2410.9 Environment Requirements.......................................................................................................................10-25

10.9.1 Environment for Storage..................................................................................................................10-2510.9.2 Environment for Transportation.......................................................................................................10-2710.9.3 Environment for Operation..............................................................................................................10-29

A Compliant Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................A-1

B Glossary......................................................................................................................................B-1

C Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................................................C-1

Index.................................................................................................................................................i-1

ContentsOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

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Figures

Figure 1-1 Appearance of the OptiX PTN 3900..................................................................................................1-2Figure 1-2 Network application of the OptiX PTN 3900.....................................................................................1-3Figure 2-1 Networking mode I for mobile communication.................................................................................2-7Figure 2-2 Networking mode II for mobile communication................................................................................2-8Figure 2-3 Networking mode for offload solution...............................................................................................2-8Figure 2-4 Networking Mode for E-Line Services...............................................................................................2-9Figure 2-5 Networking Mode for E-LAN Services..............................................................................................2-9Figure 2-6 Networking Mode for E-Aggr Services............................................................................................2-10Figure 2-7 Networking Mode for L3VPN..........................................................................................................2-11Figure 2-8 OAM mechanism of the OptiX PTN 3900.......................................................................................2-13Figure 3-1 Functional modules of the OptiX PTN 3900......................................................................................3-2Figure 3-2 Hardware structure of the OptiX PTN 3900.......................................................................................3-4Figure 3-3 Appearance of the cabinets used to house the OptiX PTN 3900........................................................3-5Figure 3-4 Structure of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.........................................................................................3-6Figure 3-5 Slot layout of the OptiX PTN 3900....................................................................................................3-7Figure 3-6 Slot processing capacity of the OptiX PTN 3900...............................................................................3-9Figure 3-7 Logical block diagram for the software architecture of the OptiX PTN 3900.................................3-13Figure 3-8 Architecture of the NE software for the OptiX PTN 3900...............................................................3-14Figure 3-9 Architecture of the board software for the OptiX PTN 3900...........................................................3-15Figure 4-1 MPLS-Based PWE3 Service model of the OptiX PTN 3900............................................................4-3Figure 4-2 BGP/MPLS service model of the OptiX PTN 3900...........................................................................4-5Figure 4-3 OptiX PTN 3900 service model.........................................................................................................4-6Figure 4-4 E-Line service illustration................................................................................................................4-11Figure 4-5 E-LAN service illustration................................................................................................................4-12Figure 4-6 E-Aggr service illustration................................................................................................................4-13Figure 4-7 CES service application model.........................................................................................................4-15Figure 4-8 Retiming synchronization mode of the CES service clock..............................................................4-16Figure 4-9 Networking Application of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN.......................................................................4-17Figure 4-10 Service packet forwarding of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN..................................................................4-18Figure 5-1 Label encapsulation structure.............................................................................................................5-4Figure 5-2 Encapsulation location of labels in Ethernet frames...........................................................................5-4Figure 5-3 Typical application of the PWE3......................................................................................................5-15Figure 5-4 ATM PWE3 over MPLS tunnel.......................................................................................................5-16

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Figure 5-5 ATM PWE3 over IP tunnel..............................................................................................................5-16Figure 5-6 ATM PWE3 over GRE tunnel .........................................................................................................5-17Figure 5-7 ACL based on flow classification.....................................................................................................5-23Figure 5-8 Typical networking for synchronous Ethernet................................................................................. 5-24Figure 5-9 Architecture of the IEEE 1588 V2 clock..........................................................................................5-25Figure 5-10 Typical networking for IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization...................................................... 5-27Figure 6-1 MPLS 1+1 protection.........................................................................................................................6-6Figure 6-2 MPLS 1:1 protection..........................................................................................................................6-7Figure 6-3 FRR protection...................................................................................................................................6-9Figure 6-4 Ethernet LAG protection..................................................................................................................6-10Figure 6-5 Switching network with multiple VLANs........................................................................................6-12Figure 6-6 Network topology after the MSTP begins running.......................................................................... 6-13Figure 6-7 LMSP 1+1 protection....................................................................................................................... 6-14Figure 6-8 LMSP 1:1/1:N protection................................................................................................................. 6-15Figure 6-9 Packet E1 ML-PPP protection..........................................................................................................6-17Figure 6-10 IMA transmission...........................................................................................................................6-17Figure 8-1 Schematic diagram of Syslog protocol transmitting...........................................................................8-4Figure 9-1 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services (E1 service betweenthe base station and equipment)............................................................................................................................9-4Figure 9-2 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services (IMA E1 servicebetween the base station and equipment)..............................................................................................................9-5Figure 9-3 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services (FE service betweenthe base station and equipment)............................................................................................................................9-6Figure 9-4 Networking Application of the E-Line Service..................................................................................9-7Figure 9-5 Networking Application of the E-LAN Service.................................................................................9-8Figure 9-6 Offload solution................................................................................................................................9-10Figure 9-7 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (MPLS Tunnel used)...........................9-10Figure 9-8 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (IP Tunnel used)..................................9-11Figure 9-9 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (GRE Tunnel used).............................9-11Figure 9-10 Application in an ETH-forwarding-based ADSL network.............................................................9-12Figure 9-11 Application in an IP-forwarding-based ADSL network (IP tunnel used)...................................... 9-12Figure 9-12 Application in an IP-forwarding-based ADSL network (GRE tunnel used)..................................9-12

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Tables

Table 2-1 Switching capability of the OptiX PTN 3900......................................................................................2-3Table 2-2 OptiX PTN 3900 interface quantity.....................................................................................................2-4Table 2-3 Service interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900..........................................................................................2-5Table 2-4 Administration and auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900........................................................2-6Table 2-5 Equipment level protection................................................................................................................2-11Table 2-6 Network level protection....................................................................................................................2-12Table 3-1 Mapping relation between slots for processing boards and interface boards of the OptiX PTN 3900...............................................................................................................................................................................3-8Table 3-2 Mapping relation between processing boards and interface boards of the OptiX PTN 3900..............3-8Table 3-3 Boards and their key functions...........................................................................................................3-10Table 3-4 Valid slots for boards in the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.....................................................................3-11Table 4-1 Comparison among L2 Ethernet services stipulation.........................................................................4-10Table 4-2 Instances for service packet forwarding of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN.................................................4-18Table 5-1 MPLS features of OptiX PTN 3900.....................................................................................................5-6Table 5-2 MPLS specification of OptiX PTN 3900.............................................................................................5-6Table 5-3 HQoS action points at the access side and the network side of the equipment..................................5-20Table 5-4 Comparison among the MSTP, STP and RSTP.................................................................................5-21Table 6-1 E1 TPS protection schemes and supported boards .............................................................................6-2Table 6-2 Mapping relations between working and protection slots in TPS protection......................................6-3Table 6-3 TPS protection parameters...................................................................................................................6-3Table 6-4 1+1 protection parameters of the SCA board.......................................................................................6-4Table 6-5 1+1 protection parameters of the cross-connect and timing board......................................................6-4Table 6-6 MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 protection parameters...........................................................................................6-7Table 6-7 LMSP protection parameters..............................................................................................................6-16Table 9-1 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the mobile service................................................................9-2Table 9-2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the E-Line service................................................................9-7Table 9-3 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the E-LAN service...............................................................9-8Table 10-1 Specifications of the ETSI cabinet for the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.............................................10-2Table 10-2 Specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack...............................................................................10-3Table 10-3 System performance specifications..................................................................................................10-3Table 10-4 Specifications of the interfaces on the TN81EG16..........................................................................10-7Table 10-5 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the TN81EG16................................................10-8Table 10-6 Specifications of the interfaces on the TN82EG16..........................................................................10-8Table 10-7 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the TN82EG16................................................10-9

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Table 10-8 Specifications of interfaces on the EX2.........................................................................................10-10Table 10-9 Interface specifications of the ETFC..............................................................................................10-10Table 10-10 Specifications of the interfaces on the EFF8................................................................................10-11Table 10-11 Specifications of the interfaces on the EFG2...............................................................................10-12Table 10-12 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the EFG2.....................................................10-12Table 10-13 Specifications of interfaces on the CD1.......................................................................................10-13Table 10-14 Specifications of interfaces on the AD1.......................................................................................10-14Table 10-15 Specifications of interfaces on the ASD1....................................................................................10-14Table 10-16 Specifications of interfaces on the AFO1....................................................................................10-15Table 10-17 Specifications of interfaces on the POD41..................................................................................10-16Table 10-18 Specifications of interfaces on the POD41..................................................................................10-16Table 10-19 Interface specifications of the D12...............................................................................................10-17Table 10-20 Interface specifications of the D75...............................................................................................10-17Table 10-21 Specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR4........................................................................10-18Table 10-22 Rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR4...................................................................10-19Table 10-23 Specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR2........................................................................10-19Table 10-24 Rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR2...................................................................10-20Table 10-25 Laser Class...................................................................................................................................10-22Table 10-26 Specifications of clock interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900..........................................................10-22Table 10-27 Timing and synchronization performance....................................................................................10-23Table 10-28 Reliability specifications..............................................................................................................10-23Table 10-29 Safety certifications that the OptiX PTN 3900 has passed..........................................................10-24Table 10-30 Climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for storage.........................................................10-25Table 10-31 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage...................................10-26Table 10-32 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage.......................................10-26Table 10-33 Requirements of mechanical stress for storage............................................................................10-27Table 10-34 Climatic requirements for transportation.....................................................................................10-27Table 10-35 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during transportation........................10-28Table 10-36 Density requirements for chemically active substances during transportation............................10-28Table 10-37 Requirements of mechanical stress for transportation.................................................................10-29Table 10-38 Temperature and humidity required by the OptiX PTN 3900 for operation................................10-29Table 10-39 Other climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for operation............................................10-30Table 10-40 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during operation...............................10-30Table 10-41 Density requirements for chemically active substances during operation...................................10-30Table 10-42 Requirement of mechanical stress for operation..........................................................................10-31

TablesOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

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1 Overview

About This Chapter

This chapter describes the features and network application of the OptiX PTN 3900.

1.1 Equipment IntroductionThe OptiX PTN 3900 is new generation metropolitan optical transport platform, which isdeveloped by Huawei for packet transport.

1.2 Network ApplicationThe OptiX PTN 3900 is applied at the convergence layer and the backbone layer of ametropolitan transport network.

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1.1 Equipment IntroductionThe OptiX PTN 3900 is new generation metropolitan optical transport platform, which isdeveloped by Huawei for packet transport.

As emerging data services are widely applied, operators require increasing bandwidth of thetransport network and demand more flexibility of scheduling bandwidth. As a circuit-switchingnetwork, the traditional SDH-based multiservice transport network is inapplicable to the dataservices that feature burst and flexibility. In addition, the traditional connectionless IP networkshould not be used as a telecommunication carrier network because it cannot strictly ensure thequality and performance of important services.

With the pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) technology, the multi-protocol labelswitch (MPLS) technology, as well as ideal operation, administration and maintenance (OAM)and protection switching mechanism, the OptiX PTN 3900 is able to provide services of carrier-class quality in a packet transport network and SDH transport network.

Figure 1-1 shows the OptiX PTN 3900 equipment.

Figure 1-1 Appearance of the OptiX PTN 3900

1 OverviewOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

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1.2 Network ApplicationThe OptiX PTN 3900 is applied at the convergence layer and the backbone layer of ametropolitan transport network.

The OptiX PTN 3900 is mainly used in the convergence layer and the backbone layer of ametropolitan transport network. It transports packet services in the network, and converges theservices to an IP/MPLS backbone network.

The OptiX PTN 3900 also supports the coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM)networking and realizes the local wavelength grooming.

In later versions, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the SDH boards of the OptiX OSN1500/2500/3500/7500 product series and supports the dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM) boards of the OptiX OSN 3800/6800 product series, to realize the networking with aWDM/SDH backbone network. This facilitates the smooth evolution of the metropolitantransport network from a time division multiplex (TDM) switching network to a packet switchingnetwork.

Figure 1-2 shows the network application of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Figure 1-2 Network application of the OptiX PTN 3900

L2 access

SDH convergence

Packet access

PTN convergence

WDM/SDH backbone IP/MPLS backbone

SDH access

Backbone layer

Access layer

Metro WDM

DSLAMNodeB Enterprise

private line

PTN

STM-N GE/10GE

BTS

OptiX PTN 1900

Switch

SDH network element

Convergence layer

OptiX PTN 3900

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1 OverviewOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

Product Description

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2 Functions and Features

About This Chapter

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports various types of services, and provides abundant functions andfeatures to ensure service transport quality and efficiency.

2.1 Service TypesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports L3VPN service, Ethernet services, asynchronous transfer mode(ATM) services, and circuit emulation services (CES).

2.2 Service Processing CapabilityThe service processing capability of the OptiX PTN 3900 is categorized into the switchingcapability and the service access capability.

2.3 Interface TypesThe external interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900 are categorized into service interfaces, andadministration and auxiliary interfaces.

2.4 Networking CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports various networking modes to apply to different scenarios.

2.5 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides equipment level protection and network level protection.

2.6 QoSThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides hierarchical end-to-end quality of service (QoS) management,and thus provides high quality transports that are differentiated by service.

2.7 OAM FeaturesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports Ethernet operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) andMPLS OAM, to realize fast defect detection and to trigger protection switching. In this way, thecarrier-class quality of service is guaranteed in the packet switching network.

2.8 NSFWith the non-stop forwarding (NSF) function, data forwarding can be properly performed evenwhen the control plane of the equipment is faulty (for example, the CPU is restarted). In thiscase, key services on the network are protected.

2.9 Clock

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The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the physical layer clock synchronization mechanism, the externalclock input/output, and the equipment internal clock. In addition, the OptiX PTN 3900 alsosupports the IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization

2.10 DCN SchemeThe data communication network (DCN) is an integral part of network management, and is usedto transmit the network management information. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the inbandDCN to ensure the intercommunication of network management information.

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2.1 Service TypesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports L3VPN service, Ethernet services, asynchronous transfer mode(ATM) services, and circuit emulation services (CES).

The OptiX PTN 3900 processes the following Ethernet services:

l E-Line services

l E-LAN services

l E-Aggr services

The OptiX PTN 3900 processes the following ATM services:

l ATM emulation service

l IMA emulation service

The OptiX PTN 3900 processes the E1 CES service.

The OptiX PTN 3900 processes the L3VPN service.

2.2 Service Processing CapabilityThe service processing capability of the OptiX PTN 3900 is categorized into the switchingcapability and the service access capability.

2.2.1 Switching CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the packet-based service switching.

2.2.2 Maximum Access CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 is capable of accessing services through various interfaces.

2.2.1 Switching CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the packet-based service switching.

Table 2-1 lists the switching capability of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Table 2-1 Switching capability of the OptiX PTN 3900

Product Switching Capability Line Rate I/O Capability

OptiX PTN 3900 320 G 160 G

Note: The OptiX PTN 3900 provides unidirectional switching capability of 320 Gbit/s in theingress and egress directions. That is, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides bidirectional switchingcapability of 640 Gbit/s.

2.2.2 Maximum Access CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 is capable of accessing services through various interfaces.

Table 2-2 lists the access capabilities of different interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900.

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Table 2-2 OptiX PTN 3900 interface quantity

InterfaceType

AccessCapability(BoardName)

ProcessingCapability(BoardName)

EntireEquipmentAccessCapability

Accessed by InterfaceBoard or ProcessingBoard

E1 (includingIMA E1, ML-PPP E1, andTDM E1)

32 (D75/D12) 32 (MD1 andMP1)63 (MQ1 andMP1)

504 Accessed by interfaceboard

Packet overSDH/SONET(POS) STM-1/4

2 (POD41) 8 (EG16) 32 Accessed by interfaceboard

FE electricalinterface

12 (ETFC) 47 (EG16) 188 Accessed by interfaceboard

FE opticalinterface

8 (EFF8) 32 (EG16) 128 Accessed by interfaceboard

GE 16 (EG16)2 (EFG2)

16 (EFG2) + 8(EG16)

160 The GE signals can beaccessed by processingboard (EG16) as well asinterface board (EFG2)

10GE 2 (EX2) 2 (EX2) 16 Accessed by processingboard

ChannelizedSTM-1

2 (CD1) 2 (CD1 andMP1)

32 Accessed by processingboard

ATM STM-1 2 (AD1)2 (ASD1)8 (AFO1)

2 (AD1 andMP1)2 (ASD1 andMP1)32 (EG16)

32 (AD1,ASD1)128 (AFO1)

The ATM STM-1 signalscan be accessed byprocessing board (AD1,ASD1) as well asinterface board (AFO1)

2.3 Interface TypesThe external interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900 are categorized into service interfaces, andadministration and auxiliary interfaces.

2.3.1 Service InterfacesThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides multiple types of interfaces.

2.3.2 Administration and Auxiliary InterfacesThe administration and auxiliary interfaces include the administration interfaces, external clockinterfaces, and alarm interfaces.

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2.3.1 Service InterfacesThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides multiple types of interfaces.

Table 2-3 lists the service interfaces supported by the OptiX PTN 3900.

Table 2-3 Service interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900

Interface Type Description Remark

FE interface Electrical interfaces: 10/100BASE-TXOptical interfaces: 100BASE-FX

Applicable to UNIand NNI

GE interface 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-VX, 1000BASE-ZX, 1000BASE-CWDM

Applicable to UNIand NNI

10GE interface 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-EW,10GBASE-ZR, 10GBASE-ZW

Applicable to UNIand NNI

POS interface STM-1 optical interfaces: S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2STM-4 optical interfaces: S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2,Ve-4.2

Applicable to UNIand NNI

ATM STM-1 interface S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2 Applicable to UNIand NNI

Channelized STM-1interface

S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2 Applicable to UNIand NNI

E1 interface 75-ohm/120-ohm E1 electrical interfaces:DB44 connectors

Applicable to UNIand NNI

CWDM interface CMR2: 1271nm - 1611nmCMR4: 1291nm - 1611nm

-

NOTE

UNI Connects with BTS or NodeB.

NNI Connects with PSN network.

2.3.2 Administration and Auxiliary InterfacesThe administration and auxiliary interfaces include the administration interfaces, external clockinterfaces, and alarm interfaces.

Table 2-4 lists the administration and auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900.

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Table 2-4 Administration and auxiliary interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900

Interface Type Description Quantity

Administrationinterface

Ethernet NM interface (ETH) 1 (RJ-45)

Cascading network interface (EXT) 1 (RJ-45)

Administration serial interface (F&f) 1 (RJ-45)

Auxiliary interface Cabinet indicator interface (four-channel) 1 (RJ-45)

Cabinet indicator cascading interface (four-channel)

1 (RJ-45)

Alarm input interface (eight-channel) 2 (RJ-45)

Common interface for alarm output andcascading (two-channel output and two-channel cascading)

1 (RJ-45)

External clock interface Common interface for 120-ohm clock inputand output (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz), orCommon interface for 75-ohm clock inputand output (2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz)

2 x RJ-452 x SMB

External time interface DCLS time input interfaceDCLS time output interface1PPS + time information input interface, or1PPS + time information output interface

NOTEThe external clock and external time share one interface, which can be used as either clock or time, butnot both, at the same time.

When the TN81XCS board is applied, the equipment provides only the external clock interface. That is,the external time interface is not available.

2.4 Networking CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports various networking modes to apply to different scenarios.

Networking Interface

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following interfaces for networking.

l 10GE

l GE

l FE

l POS STM-4

l POS STM-1

l ML-PPP

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NOTE

l It is recommended that the ML-PPP should be used to form the chain network.

l The FE electrical interface is not recommended to be used as networking interface.

Typical Networking for Mobile CommunicationFigure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 show the typical networking modes of the OptiX PTN equipmentfor mobile communication. Figure 2-3 shows the networking application of the OptiX PTNequipment in the offload solution.

Figure 2-1 Networking mode I for mobile communication

POS

OptiX PTN 1900 BSC

BTS

ML-PPP

POS

POS

ML-PPP

RNC

NodeBOptiX PTN 3900

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Figure 2-2 Networking mode II for mobile communication

GE

OptiX PTN 1900 BSC

BTS

GE

GE

GE

GE

RNC

NodeBOptiX PTN 3900

Figure 2-3 Networking mode for offload solution

Wholesale ADSL networkHSDPA flow

R99 flow

Leased line

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

RNC

OptiX PTN 3900

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For details on the networking application of the OptiX PTN equipment for mobilecommunication, see 9.1 Application of the Equipment for Mobile Services. For details on thenetworking application of the OptiX PTN equipment in the offload solution, see9.3 OffloadSolution.

Typical Networking for Ethernet Services

Figure 2-4 shows the typical networking mode of the PTN equipment for E-Line services.

Figure 2-4 Networking Mode for E-Line Services

Protection Path

E-Line

GE

OptiX PTN 1900

CE

FE

OptiX PTN 3900

Figure 2-5 shows the typical networking mode of the PTN equipment for E-LAN services.

Figure 2-5 Networking Mode for E-LAN Services

E-LAN

GE

OptiX PTN 1900

CE

FE

OptiX PTN 3900

Figure 2-6 shows the typical networking mode of the PTN equipment for E-Aggr services.

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Figure 2-6 Networking Mode for E-Aggr Services

GE

OptiX PTN 1900 RNC

NodeBFE

Convergence link

OptiX PTN 3900

For details on the networking application of the OptiX PTN equipment for Ethernet services,see 9.2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the L2VPN Service.

Typical Networking for L3VPNFigure 2-7 shows the typical networking mode of the L3VPN.

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Figure 2-7 Networking Mode for L3VPN

CE-A

VPN 1

VPN 1VPN 2

PE

PE

PE

PPVPN 2

CE-B

CE-C

CE-D

PP

Backbone network

OptiX PTN 3900/OptiX PTN 1900

CE

For details on the networking application of the OptiX PTN equipment for L3VPN, see 4.5L3VPN Services.

2.5 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides equipment level protection and network level protection.

The OptiX PTN 3900 provides various equipment level protection schemes, as listed in Table2-5.

Table 2-5 Equipment level protection

Protection Object Protection Scheme Revertive Mode

Cross-connect and timing board 1+1 hot backup Non-revertive

System control, communication andauxiliary processing board

1+1 hot backup Non-revertive

Sub-board and MP1 board 1:N (1 - 4) TPS Revertive

Power interface unit 1+1 hot backup -

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The OptiX PTN 3900 provides various network level protection schemes, as listed in Table2-6.

Table 2-6 Network level protection

Protected Object Protection Scheme

MPLS Tunnel 1+1 protection

1:1 protection

Reroute protection

Fast reroute (FRR) protection

Ethernet link Link aggregation group (LAG) protection

Multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) protection

POS STM-1/POS STM-4

1+1 linear MSP

1:1 linear MSP

Channelized STM-1 1+1 linear MSP

1:1 linear MSP

ATM STM-1 1+1 linear MSP

1:1 linear MSP

1:N (2≤N≤7) linear MSP (AFO1)

IMA group IMA member protection

ML-PPP group ML-PPP member protection

2.6 QoSThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides hierarchical end-to-end quality of service (QoS) management,and thus provides high quality transports that are differentiated by service.

The OptiX PTN 3900 provides complete QoS grooming mechanisms, which include thefollowing:

l DiffServ mode based on flow classification. With the DiffServ mode, the OptiX PTN 3900helps operators provide services of different quality classes for users. Hence, operators canprovide an integrated network that can carry data, voice and video services.

l QoS for end-to-end services– Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) mechanism at the access side. The HQoS mechanism helps

control the overall bandwidth for a single service type, a single service access point,multiple service access points, a single service or multiple services. See Table 5-3 forthe action points of the HQoS.

– Traffic Engineering (TE) mechanism at the network side. The TE mechanism helpsbalance the network traffic to ensure the service quality.

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With the complete QoS mechanisms, the OptiX PTN 3900 ensures that the specifications ofdelay, delay variation, and bandwidth are satisfied for different services, and thus guaranteesthe provision of carrier-class services.

2.7 OAM FeaturesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports Ethernet operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) andMPLS OAM, to realize fast defect detection and to trigger protection switching. In this way, thecarrier-class quality of service is guaranteed in the packet switching network.

Figure 2-8 shows the OAM mechanism of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Figure 2-8 OAM mechanism of the OptiX PTN 3900

IEEE 802.3ahAccess Link

ITU Y.1731 Connectivity Layer

FE

PTN

IEEE 802.1ag Service Layer (UNI to UNI)

ITU Y.1711 LSP

PW

CE CE

PTNFE

Router Router

Access Link

At the network level, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports MPLS OAM and Ethernet OAM.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following MPLS OAM functions.

– The equipment provides hardware support, to transmit and receive connectivityverification (CV) messages, fast failure detection (FFD) messages, backward defectindicator (BDI) messages, and forward defect indicator (FDI) messages, and to performtimeout judgment for these messages. In compliance with ITU-T Y.1710 and ITU-T Y.1711, the fast continuity check and failure indication are realized. As supported by theequipment, the minimum period for transmitting the FFD packets is 3.3 ms.

– The equipment supports the MPLS Tunnel Ping and TraceRoute commands, and alsothe virtual circuit connectivity verification (VCCV) command for the PW. Thesecommands can be used to detect and locate the faults.

– The equipment supports performance monitoring for MPLS Tunnel. In compliance withITU-T Y.1710, the equipment provides hardware support for the monitoring of packetloss ratio, packet delay and packet delay variation.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following Ethernet OAM functions that are compliantwith IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731.

– The equipment provides hardware support for the Ethernet continuity check (ETH-CC)and the performance monitoring. As supported by the equipment, the minimum periodfor transmitting the OAM frames is 3.3 ms.

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– The control plane of the equipment supports the Ethernet loopback (ETH-LB) andEthernet link trace (ETH-LT) operations.

– The equipment supports performance monitoring for the E-Line service. In compliancewith ITU-T Y.1731, the equipment provides hardware support for the monitoring ofpacket loss ratio, packet delay, and packet delay variation.

At the link layer, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following OAM mechanisms.

l The equipment supports Ethernet OAM that is compliant with IEEE 802.3ah. Each Ethernetport supports link discovery, link state monitoring, remote fault indication, and remoteloopback.

l The equipment supports ATM OAM, including the fault management in the F4 OAM andF5 OAM.

2.8 NSFWith the non-stop forwarding (NSF) function, data forwarding can be properly performed evenwhen the control plane of the equipment is faulty (for example, the CPU is restarted). In thiscase, key services on the network are protected.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the protocol level graceful restart (GR) technology (for example,the LDP GR). In the case of a fault, the neighbor nodes do not delete the route information. Inthis way, services are still forwarded and the network route oscillation is avoided.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the NSF function in the following cases:

l The warm reset of the processing board and the XCS board.

l The cold reset of the XCS board (the XCS board should be configured with 1+1 protection).

l The reset of the SCA board (the SCA board should be configured with 1+1 protection).

2.9 ClockThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the physical layer clock synchronization mechanism, the externalclock input/output, and the equipment internal clock. In addition, the OptiX PTN 3900 alsosupports the IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization

Physical Layer Clock Synchronization

The clock system of the OptiX PTN 3900 supports extracting the clock information from thefollowing transmission links:

l Extraction of clock signals from POS STM-1/STM-4 interfaces

l Extraction of clock signals from channelized STM-1 interfaces

l Extraction of clock signals from ATM STM-1 interfaces

l Extraction of clock signals from synchronous Ethernet interfaces

l Extraction of clock signals from E1 interfaces

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports input/output of two 75-ohm or two 120-ohm external clocksources, which are of 1+1 protection.

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The OptiX PTN 3900 supports three clock working modes, that is, the locked, hold-over, andfree-run modes. The OptiX PTN 3900 also supports the processing and transfer ofsynchronization status messages (SSM).

The synchronous Ethernet is a technology used to synchronize the clock at the Ethernet physicallayer. Clock signals are extracted directly from the serial bit flow on the Ethernet link. Theseclock signals are then used for data transmission. In this way, the clock signals are transferred.

IEEE 1588 V2IEEE 1588 V2 is a time synchronization protocol that provides the nanosecond accuracy to meetthe requirements of 3G base stations. OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following features of IEEE1588 V2:l The equipment can use the IEEE 1588 V2 protocol to achieve the clock synchronization

and time synchronization.l The equipment supports the boundary clock (BC) mode, ordinary clock (OC) mode, and

transparent clock (TC)/(TC+OC) mode. The TC mode includes the end-to-end (E2E) TCmode and (P2P) TC mode.

l The equipment supports the BMC algorithm to select clock source.

2.10 DCN SchemeThe data communication network (DCN) is an integral part of network management, and is usedto transmit the network management information. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the inbandDCN to ensure the intercommunication of network management information.

The OptiX PTN 3900 adopts the inband DCN scheme. In this scheme, the setup of dedicatedDCN channels is not required, and hence the network construction cost is greatly lowered.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports a maximum of 128 DCN channels. The OptiX PTN 3900 supportsthe inband DCN through the following interfaces.

l 10GE

l GE

l FE

l POS STM-4/STM-1

l E1

NOTE

l The FE electrical interfaces are not recommended to be used as networking interfaces.

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3 System Architecture

About This Chapter

This chapter describes the system architecture of the OptiX PTN 3900 in terms of functionalmodule, hardware structure and software architecture.

3.1 Functional ModulesThe functional modules of the OptiX PTN 3900 include the service processing module,management and control module, heat dissipation module and power supply module.

3.2 Hardware StructureThis section describes the cabinet that can house the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack, subrack structure,and boards in the subrack.

3.3 Software ArchitectureThis section describes the architecture of the NE software and board software.

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3.1 Functional ModulesThe functional modules of the OptiX PTN 3900 include the service processing module,management and control module, heat dissipation module and power supply module.

Figure 3-1 shows the functional modules of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Figure 3-1 Functional modules of the OptiX PTN 3900

E1客户接口

Servicesub-board

UNIinterface

NNIinterfaceSwitching plane

Service processing module

ATM STM-1

FE/GE/10GE

ML-PPP

GE/10GE

POS

Heatdissipation

module

Power supplymodule

Management andcontrol module

NM interfaceAlarm I/O interface

Alarm cascade interface

F&fCF card

Bus

Channelized STM-1 Service

sub-board

Clock module

External Clock/Time

Service Processing ModuleThe service processing module includes the UNI interfaces, NNI interfaces, clock module andswitching module.

The equipment supports several types of services from the UNI interfaces and NNI interfaces.

l UNI interfaces: E1, ATM STM-1, FE/GE/10GE and channelized STM-1l NNI interfaces: POS STM-1/STM-4, GE/10GE, ML-PPP

The service sub-board and corresponding interface board are jointly used to access channelizedSTM-1, ATM STM-1 and E1 services. The switching plane processes the service signalsaccessed into the equipment.

The clock module can receive either the network clock from the NNI interfaces or the externalinput clock from the external clock interfaces. The clock module selects the clock source of

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better quality and locks phase of the clock source for synchronization. Finally, the clock moduleprovides the system clock for each module and supports the output of clock signals through theexternal clock interfaces.

The clock module processes and transfers the synchronization status messages (SSMs).

Management and Control ModuleThe management and control module uses the bus inside the system for inter-boardcommunication and communication between the system control board and other boards. Thismodule can also transfer the manufacturing information of the management board.

This module also supports functions such as inband DCN management and non-stop forwarding.

In addition, this module provides complete management interfaces and auxiliary interfaces,including the network management interface, alarm input/output interface, alarm concatenationinterface, F&f interface and CF card interface.

Heat Dissipation ModuleThe heat dissipation module dissipates the heat generated by the equipment with flowing air.The heat dissipation module consists of the fan board, fan frame and fans. The fans support theintelligent adjustment of the rotating speed according to the system temperature.

Power Supply ModuleThe power supply module supplies power to the boards and fans of the equipment and monitorsthe power supply.

3.2 Hardware StructureThis section describes the cabinet that can house the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack, subrack structure,and boards in the subrack.

3.2.1 OverviewThe OptiX PTN 3900 equipment consists of the subrack and boards.

3.2.2 CabinetThe OptiX PTN 3900 can be installed in a 300 mm deep ETSI cabinet (N63E cabinet or T63cabinet).

3.2.3 SubrackThe OptiX PTN 3900 subrack is of a dual-layer structure. The subrack consists of processingboard area, interface board area, switching fabric area, system control board area, power supplyboard area, fan area and fiber routing trough.

3.2.4 BoardsBoards of the OptiX PTN 3900 include the processing board, WDM board, service sub-board,interface board, cross-connect and timing board, system control, communication and auxiliaryprocessing board, fan board and power supply board.

3.2.5 Valid Slots for BoardsOn the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack, 40 slots are available, covering the 16 slots for processingboards, 16 slots for interface boards, two slots for switching boards, two slots for system controlboards, two slots for PIU boards, and two slots for FAN boards.

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3.2.1 OverviewThe OptiX PTN 3900 equipment consists of the subrack and boards.

Figure 3-2 shows the subrack installed in the cabinet.

Figure 3-2 Hardware structure of the OptiX PTN 3900

Cable distributionplate

Subrack

Cabinet

Power distributionunit

3.2.2 CabinetThe OptiX PTN 3900 can be installed in a 300 mm deep ETSI cabinet (N63E cabinet or T63cabinet).

Figure 3-3 shows the cabinets used to house the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

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Figure 3-3 Appearance of the cabinets used to house the OptiX PTN 3900

T63 cabinet N63E cabinet

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3.2.3 SubrackThe OptiX PTN 3900 subrack is of a dual-layer structure. The subrack consists of processingboard area, interface board area, switching fabric area, system control board area, power supplyboard area, fan area and fiber routing trough.

Subrack Structure

Figure 3-4 shows the structure of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

Figure 3-4 Structure of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack

Processingboard area

Interface board area

Power supplyboard area

System controlboard area

Fan area(without air filter)

Switching fabricarea

Interface boardarea

Fiber routing trough

Fan area

Air filter

Processing boardarea

Functions of these areas of the subrack are as follows.

l Processing board area, which is used to house the processing boards and service sub-boards.

l Interface board area, which is used to house the interface boards.

l System control board area, which is used to house the system control, communication andauxiliary processing board (SCA).

l Switching fabric area, which is used to house the cross-connect and timing board (XCS).

l Power supply board area, which is used to house the power supply boards.

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l Fan area, which is used to house the fan tray assembly and air filter.

l Fiber routing trough, which is used to route fibers and external clock cables.

Slot Allocation

The OptiX PTN 3900 subrack consists of the upper layer and lower layers. The upper layercontains 20 slots and the lower layer contains 18 slots. In addition, there are two slots for FANboards. In total, 40 slots are available on the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

Figure 3-5 shows the position of each slot in the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

Figure 3-5 Slot layout of the OptiX PTN 3900

SLOT

1

SLOT

2

SLOT

3

SLOT

4

SLOT

5

SLOT

6

SLOT

7

SLOT

8

SLOT

11

SLOT

12

SLOT

13

SLOT

14

SLOT

15

SLOT

16

SLOT

17

SLOT

18

Fiber routing trough

Fan SLOT 40Air filter

XCS

9

XCS

10

Fan SLOT 39

Fiber routing trough

SLOT

19

SLOT

20

SLOT

21

SLOT

22

SLOT

23

SLOT

24

SLOT

25

SLOT

26

SLOT

31

SLOT

32

SLOT

33

SLOT

34

SLOT

35

SLOT

36

SLOT

37

SLOT

38

PIU

27

PIU

28

SCA

29

SCA

30

Mapping Relation Between Processing Boards and Interface Boards

Table 3-1 lists the mapping relation between slots for processing boards and interface boards.

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Table 3-1 Mapping relation between slots for processing boards and interface boards of theOptiX PTN 3900

Slots for Processing Boards Slots for Interface Boards

Slot 1 Slots 19-20

Slot 2 Slots 21-22

Slot 3 Slots 23-24

Slot 4 Slots 25-26

Slots 5-8 -

Slots 11-14 -

Slot 15 Slots 31-32

Slot 16 Slots 33-34

Slot 17 Slots 35-36

Slot 18 Slots 37-38

Table 3-2 lists the mapping relation between processing boards and interface boards.

Table 3-2 Mapping relation between processing boards and interface boards of the OptiX PTN3900

Processing Board Service Sub-Board Interface Board

MP1 MD1, MQ1 D75, D12

AD1, ASD1, CD1 -

EG16 - ETFC, EFG2, POD41,EFF8, AFO1

EX2 - -

Slot Processing CapacityFigure 3-6 lists the processing capacity of each slot in the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

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Figure 3-6 Slot processing capacity of the OptiX PTN 3900

Fan SLOT 40Air filter

Fan SLOT 39

SLOT 1 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 2

20 Gbit/s

SLOT 3

20 Gbit/s

SLOT 4 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 5 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 6

20 Gbit/s

SLOT 7

20 Gbit/s

SLOT 8

20 Gbit/s

SLOT 11 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 12 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 13 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 14 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 15 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 16 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 17 20 Gbit/s

SLOT 18 20 Gbit/s

XCS

9

XCS 10

SLOT 19

PIU 27

SLOT 20

SLOT 21

SLOT 22

SLOT 23

SLOT 24

SLOT 25

SLOT 26

SLOT

31

SLOT 32

SLOT 33

SLOT

34

SLOT 35

SLOT 36

SLOT 37

SLOT 38

PIU 28

SCA 29

SCA 30

Fiber routing trough Fiber routing trough

3.2.4 BoardsBoards of the OptiX PTN 3900 include the processing board, WDM board, service sub-board,interface board, cross-connect and timing board, system control, communication and auxiliaryprocessing board, fan board and power supply board.

Table 3-3 lists the boards of the OptiX PTN 3900 and their functions.

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Table 3-3 Boards and their key functions

Board Type Board Name Key Function

Processing board EX2, EG16, MP1 l Accesses and processes10GE, GE, channelizedSTM-1 and ATM STM-1signals.

l Processes E1 signals.

Service sub-board MD1, MQ1, CD1, AD1,ASD1

WDM board CMR2, CMR4 Adds or drops coarsewavelength divisionmultiplexing (CWDM)signals.

Interface board ETFC, EFG2, POD41, D12,D75, EFF8, AFO1

Accesses ATM STM-1, FE,GE, POS STM-1/STM-4 andE1 signals.

Cross-connect and timingboard

XCS l Grooms services .

l Provides the clock andtime .

System control,communication and auxiliaryprocessing board

SCA Provides an interface toconnect the system to theT2000.Performs the system controlfunction.

Fan board FAN Dissipates heat for boards.

Power supply board PIU Accesses the external powersupply.

NOTEThe SCA has two versions, that is, TN81SCA and TN82SCA.

The XCS has two versions, that is, TN81XCS and TN82XCS.

The EG16 has two versions, that is, TN81EG16 and TN82EG16.

3.2.5 Valid Slots for BoardsOn the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack, 40 slots are available, covering the 16 slots for processingboards, 16 slots for interface boards, two slots for switching boards, two slots for system controlboards, two slots for PIU boards, and two slots for FAN boards.

Table 3-4 lists the valid slots for boards in the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

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Table 3-4 Valid slots for boards in the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack

Board Full Name Valid Slot Remarks

SCA System control,communication andauxiliary processing unit

Slots 29 - 30 -

XCS Cross-connect andsynchronous timing unit

Slots 9 - 10 -

PIU Power interface unit Slots 27 - 28 -

FAN Fan board Slots 39 - 40 -

EX2 2-port 10 Gigabit EthernetSwitching Processing Board

Slots 1, 3, 5, 7, 11,13, 15, and 17

One EX2 occupies twoslots.

EG16 16-port GE Ethernetprocessing board

Slots 1, 3, 5, 7, 11,13, 15, and 17

One EG16 occupies twoslots.

MP1 Multi-protocol (TDM/IMA/ATM/ML-PPP) multi-interface (E1/STM-1)mother processing board

Slots 1 - 8 and 11 -18

-

MD1 32 x E1 service sub-board Slots 1 - 5 and 14 -18

The MD1 should be jointlyused with the MP1 andinterface board.

MQ1 63 x E1 service sub-board Slots 1 - 5 and 14 -18

The MQ1 should be jointlyused with the MP1 andinterface board.

CD1 2-port channelized STM-1sub-board

Slots 1 - 8 and 11 -18

The CD1 should be jointlyused with the MP1.

AD1 2-port ATM STM-1 sub-board

Slots 1 - 8 and 11-18 The AD1 should be jointlyused with the MP1.

ASD1 2-port ATM STM-1 sub-board with SAR function

Slots 1 - 8 and 11 -18

The ASD1 should be jointlyused with the MP1.

AFO1 8 x ATM STM-1 interfaceboard

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The AFO1 should be jointlyused with the EG16.

ETFC 12 x FE electrical interfaceboard

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The ETFC should be jointlyused with the EG16.

EFF8 8 x FE optical interface board Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The EFF8 should be jointlyused with the EG16.

EFG2 2 x GE optical interfaceboard

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The EFG2 should be jointlyused with the EG16.

POD41 2 x 622/155 Mbit/s POSinterface board

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The POD41 should bejointly used with the EG16.

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Board Full Name Valid Slot Remarks

D12 32 x E1 120-ohm electricalinterface board

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The D12 should be jointlyused with the MD1 andMP1, or MQ1 and MP1.

D75 32 x E1 75-ohm electricalinterface board

Slots 19 - 26 and 31- 38

The D75 should be jointlyused with the MD1 andMP1, or MQ1 and MP1.

CMR2 2-channel optical add/dropmultiplexing board

Slots 1 - 8 and 11 -18

-

CMR4 4-channel optical add/dropmultiplexing board

Slots 1 - 8 and 11 -18

-

3.3 Software ArchitectureThis section describes the architecture of the NE software and board software.

3.3.1 OverviewThe software for the OptiX PTN 3900 consists of the management plane, control plane and data/forwarding plane.

3.3.2 NE SoftwareThe NE software manages, monitors and controls the running status of boards in the NE. TheNE software also functions as the service unit for the communication between the T2000 andboards. In this way, the T2000 can control and manage the NE. In addition, the NE softwaremanages the software loading, software package loading and fix of the system control board.

3.3.3 Board SoftwareThe board software is responsible for Layer 2 switching, the MPLS packet processing and theQoS. The board software monitors and reports the alarms and performance events of each boardto the NE software.

3.3.1 OverviewThe software for the OptiX PTN 3900 consists of the management plane, control plane and data/forwarding plane.

Figure 3-7 shows the logical block diagram for the software architecture of the OptiX PTN3900.

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Figure 3-7 Logical block diagram for the software architecture of the OptiX PTN 3900

交换网板

System control, communication andauxiliary processing board

Switchingunit

Systemmanagement unit

System controlunit

General cross-connect and timing

boardProcessing

boardProcessing

board

Processingboard

Processingboard

Managementplane

Controlplane

Dataplane

Forwardingunit

Forwardingunit

Forwardingunit

Forwardingunit

Management Plane

The management plane performs functions such as performance management, faultmanagement, configuration management, software management, Layer 2 protocol control andsecurity management. The NE software and board software both belong to the managementplane. The board software is used to manage the data/forwarding plane.

Control Plane

The control plane consists of a group of communication entities and controls the calling andconnection. The control plane uses signaling to set up, release, monitor and maintainconnections, and to recover connections in the case of a fault. Both the NE software and boardsoftware are involved in the functions of the control plane.

Data Plane

The data plane receives and forwards service data according to the forwarding message generatedby the control plane. This plane also monitors the control packets of services and reports thesepackets to the control plane and the management plane.The processing boards and XCS areresponsible for the provision of the data plane.

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3.3.2 NE SoftwareThe NE software manages, monitors and controls the running status of boards in the NE. TheNE software also functions as the service unit for the communication between the T2000 andboards. In this way, the T2000 can control and manage the NE. In addition, the NE softwaremanages the software loading, software package loading and fix of the system control board.

On the element management layer of the telecommunications management network, the NEsoftware has NE functions, partial coordination functions and operating system functions on thenetwork element layer. The NE software uses the data communication function for thecommunication between the NE and other parts, including equipment, the T2000 and other NEs.

Figure 3-8 shows the architecture of the NE software for the OptiX PTN 3900.

Figure 3-8 Architecture of the NE software for the OptiX PTN 3900

Configuration Module

ProtocolSoftwarePlatform

Basic frame

Hardware driver

GCP

Equipment management

Layer 2

MPLS

QoS

DCN

Alarm andperformancemanagement

Interfacemanagement IGMP

snooping

MSTP

LACP

Software Platform

The software platform consists of the interface management module, alarm and performancemanagement module, and DCN module.

Interface management module: This module divides and converts different forms of commandsfrom different types of terminals to the internal commands of the same form.

Alarm and performance management module: This module supports the reporting and query ofcurrent alarms, storage and query of history alarms, reporting of performance events andmanagement of the system logs.

DCN module: This module processes the DCN packets, and provides the communicationbetween the local NE and other parts, including the T2000 and other NEs.

GCP

The GCP provides a uniform static or dynamic distribution mechanism for MPLS labels. TheGCP also provides routing protocols and trail computation algorithm related to the creation ofdynamic service. In addition, the GCP provides the LMP protocol related to the neighbor auto-discovery function of the transport plane.

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Configuration ModuleThe configuration module consists of the equipment management sub-module and QoS sub-module. The functions of the configuration module as follows.

l Responsible for the management configuration of the entire NE, including servicemanagement, equipment management, resource management and protocol configurationagent.

l Responsible for the setting and querying of the attributes of alarms and performance of themanaged objects.

l Responsible for querying and reporting of the performance data.

l Responsible for inter-board alarm suppression and query of alarms of specified objects.

l Responsible for storing configuration data.

l Responsible for providing Layer 2 switching, processing MPLS and IP packets and theQoS function.

ProtocolIGMP Snooping protocol, which is a Layer 2 multicast protocol and provides the Layer 2multicast function.

MSTP protocol, which is a spanning tree protocol used for loop release, link backup and VLAN-based link load balance.

Link aggregation control protocol (LACP) protocol, which is used for linear bandwidthincreasing, link backup and load balance.

Basic FrameThe basic frame provides the basic platform kernel and system support. For example, the basicframe realizes the board management, distributed message management and log management.

3.3.3 Board SoftwareThe board software is responsible for Layer 2 switching, the MPLS packet processing and theQoS. The board software monitors and reports the alarms and performance events of each boardto the NE software.

Figure 3-9 shows the architecture of the board software for the OptiX PTN 3900.

Figure 3-9 Architecture of the board software for the OptiX PTN 3900

Alarm/logForwarding plane Performance Softwaremanagement

Hardware driver

Basic frame

LIB

Alarm detection

Statistics ofperformance units

Alarm report/indication

Alarm anti-jitter/inter-boardsuppression

15-m/24-hperformancecomputation

Softwarepackageloading

PatchmanagementRMON

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l The forwarding plane monitors alarms and makes performance statistics.

l The alarm/log module reports and suppresses alarms.

l The performance module makes performance statistics and provides RMON functions.

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4 Services

About This Chapter

This chapter describes the services of the equipment.

4.1 OverviewThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the L2VPN and L3VPN service, Ethernet service, ATM serviceand CES service. Based on the service model of the OptiX PTN 3900, this section describes theprocessing of various services in the OptiX PTN 3900.

4.2 Ethernet ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports various Ethernet services and provides ideal L2VPN solutions.

4.3 ATM ServiceIn the transport network with the packet switching as the core, the OptiX PTN 3900 providesthe ATM emulation service.

4.4 Circuit Emulation ServiceIn a packet switching network (PSN), the circuit emulation services are used to transparentlytransmit the TDM circuit. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports TDM CES accessed by the E1 electricalinterfaces and the channelized STM-1 optical interfaces.

4.5 L3VPN ServicesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports border gateway protocol (BGP)-based or MPLS-based layer3virtual private network (L3VPN) services. The equipment provides a complete L3VPN solution.

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4.1 OverviewThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the L2VPN and L3VPN service, Ethernet service, ATM serviceand CES service. Based on the service model of the OptiX PTN 3900, this section describes theprocessing of various services in the OptiX PTN 3900.

4.1.1 Service ModelAccording to different equipment interconnected, the services of the PTN equipment havedifferent layer models on the user-network interface (UNI) side and the network-networkinterface (NNI) side.

4.1.2 Service ProcessingBased on the PTN service model, this section describes the processing of the Ethernet service,ATM service and CES service in the OptiX PTN 3900.

4.1.1 Service ModelAccording to different equipment interconnected, the services of the PTN equipment havedifferent layer models on the user-network interface (UNI) side and the network-networkinterface (NNI) side.

OptiX PTN 3900 adopts the MPLS-based PWE3 model to process Ethernet services, ATMservices, and CES services.

OptiX PTN 3900 adopts the BGP/MPLS model to process L3VPN services.

Basic conceptsBasic concepts include customer edge (CE), provider edge (PE), provider (P), and site.

l CE is the edge equipment in the user network and has interfaces to directly connect thenetwork of the service provider. A CE can be a router, a switch, or a host. Normally, a CEneed not support the MPLS.

l PE is the edge router of the service provider. It is the edge equipment in the network of theservice provider and is directly connected to the CE.

l P is the backbone router in the network of the service provider. It is not directly connectedto the CE. The P equipment needs to have only the basic MPLS forwarding capability.

l Site is the IP system group where IP systems are interconnected and the connectivity isindependent of the network of the service provider. The site is connected to the network ofthe service provider through the CE. One site can include multiple CEs, but one CE belongsto only one site.

MPLS-Based PWE3 ModelThe MPLS-Based PWE3 service model of the OptiX PTN 3900 which is used as PE is as shownin Figure 4-1.

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Figure 4-1 MPLS-Based PWE3 Service model of the OptiX PTN 3900

Forwarder

Native serviceprocessing

Serviceinterface

Physical

PWE3 (Encapsulation)

PW Demultiplexer (PW label)

Tunnel (Tunnel label)

Emulatedservice

Psudo wire

PSN (MPLS)tunneling

Data-Linkand

Physical

To CE To PSN

TDMATM

IMA

TDM ATM EthernetEthernetswitch ATM switch TDM

processing

E1/cSTM-1STM-1 E1/

cSTM-1GE/

10GE

802.2802.3

Ethernet

STM-1/STM-4

PPPHDLC

POSML-PPP

E1/cSTM-1

PPP(MP)

Ethernet

UNI NNI

FE GE 10GE

The UNI side is interconnected to the customer-side equipment (CE), responsible for accessingthe customer-side services to the PSN network. In the service model, the functions of layers onthe UNI side are described as follows.

l Physical layer

The physical layer provides interfaces between the PTN equipment and the transmissionmedia, such as cables and fibers.

– In the direction from the CE to the PE, the physical layer processes the physical signals(electrical signals or optical signals) transmitted from the customer-side equipment,extracts information from the signals, and transmits the information to the serviceinterface layer.

– In the direction from the PE to the CE, the physical layer receives the informationtransmitted from the service interface layer, converts the information into signalssuitable for the transmission through the transmission medium, and then transmits thesignals to the customer-side equipment through the physical channel.

l Service interface layer

– In the direction from the CE to the PE, the service interface layer receives theinformation transmitted from the physical layer, distinguishes service types, andtransmits the services to the corresponding native service processing (NSP) layer forprocessing.

– In the direction from the PE to the CE, the service interface layer receives the servicesignals transmitted from the NSP layer, selects the proper physical channel type andtransmits the signals to the physical layer.

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l NSP layerAccording to the customer requirements, the NSP layer performs relevant processing fordifferent services.

The NNI side is interconnected to the PSN equipment, to achieve the transmission of customerservices in the PSN network. In the service model, the functions of layers on the NNI side aredescribed as follows.

l Emulation service layerThe emulation service layer corresponds to the payload that is to be encapsulated into thePW. An emulation service corresponds to a PW. The emulation service layer is an abstractlogical layer. The PTN equipment does not perform any specific operation at this layer.

l PWE3 encapsulation layerThe PWE3 encapsulation layer adopts different encapsulation modes for differentemulation services. It can encapsulate different emulation services into PWE3 protocol dataunits or decapsulate different emulation services from PWE3 protocol data units.

l MPLS layerThe MPLS layer contains the following two MPLS labels:– Outer label, that is, the tunnel label. It is used to create and maintain a tunnel that crosses

the MPLS network between the PE stations at two ends of a service, for the purpose ofcarrying the PW.

– Inner label, that is, the PW label. It is used to distinguish different PWs in the sametunnel.

l Data link layer and physical layerAs the carrier layers of the MPLS, the data link layer and the physical layer provide linksfor the MPLS layer to transmit data. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following network-side link types.– Ethernet link (GE/10GE interface)

– POS link (STM-1 or STM-4 interface)

– ML-PPP link (E1 interface or channelized STM-1 interface)

The forwarder located between the UNI and the NNI mutually forwards services processed atthe NSP layer on the UNI side and the emulation services on the NNI side.

NOTE

The Ethernet link of the FE electrical interface is not recommended to be used as the network-side link forthe OptiX PTN 3900.

BGP/MPLS ModelFigure 4-2 shows the BGP/MPLS service model of the OptiX PTN 3900 which is used as PE.

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Figure 4-2 BGP/MPLS service model of the OptiX PTN 3900

Native serviceprocessing layer

Service interfacelayer

Physical layer

MPLS layer

Data link layer and

physical layer

To CE To PSN

GE/10GE

802.2802.3

Ethernet

STM-1/STM-4

PPPHDLC

POS

E1/cSTM-1

PPP (MP)

UNI NNI

E1/cSTM-1STM-1GE 10GE

IPIPoE1

VRFVPN label

ML-PPP

FE

Tunnel label

On the UNI side, the equipment is connected to the customer edge (CE) to access the L3VPNservices to the PSN. In the case of the BGP/MPLS model, layers on the UNI side have thefollowing functions.

l Physical layerThe physical layer provides interfaces to connect transmission media, such as cables orfibers, to the PTN equipment.– In the CE-to-PE direction, the physical layer processes the physical signals (electrical

or optical signals) transmitted from the user-side equipment, extracts information fromthe signals, and then sends the signals to the service interface layer.

– In the PE-to-CE direction, the physical layer receives information transmitted from theservice interface layer, converts the information into signals that can be transmitted overthe transmission medium, and then sends the signals to the user-side equipment throughthe physical channel.

l Service interface layer– In the CE-to-PE direction, the service interface layer receives information transmitted

from the physical layer, extracts and sends IP packets to corresponding VPN routingand forwarding tables (VRFs) for processing.

– In the PE-to-CE direction, the service interface layer receives service signals transmittedfrom VRFs, selects proper types of physical channels, and sends the service signals ontothe physical layer.

l Native service processing moduleOn the native service processing layer, respective VRF processes each L3VPN service. TheVRF has the following functions:– Forwards IP packets of each service port (UNI ports and NNI ports) in the native VPN

according to the routing table of the VPN.– Updates routes connected to the CE by running the same routing protocol as CE.

– Updates routes of the VPN by using the multi-protocol extensions for border gatewayprotocol (MP-BGP) on all equipment in the VPN.

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On the NNI side, the native service processing layer is connected to the PSN equipment totransmit the L3VPN services in the PSN network. In the case of the BGP/MPLS service model,layers on the NNI side have the following functions.

l MPLS layerThe MPLS layer includes two MPLS labels:– The external MPLS label is a tunnel label, which is used to create and maintain a tunnel

between PEs at two ends of a service. The tunnel crosses an MPLS network to carryPWs.

– The internal MPLS label is a PW label, which identifies a PW in a tunnel.

l Data link layer and physical layerThe data link layer and the physical layer work as the MPLS carrier layer and provide linksfor the MPLS layer to transmit data. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following types ofnetwork-side links.– Ethernet link (FE interface or GE interface)

– cSTM-1 link

– ML-PPP link (E1 interface)

Service Model of P Equipment

Figure 4-3 shows the service model of OptiX PTN 3900 which is used as P equipment.

Figure 4-3 OptiX PTN 3900 service model

NNI

Tunnel label MPLS layer

Data-Link and

Physical

To PSN

GE/10GE

802.2802.3

Ethernet

STM-1/STM-

4

PPPHDLC

POSML-PPP

E1/cSTM-1

PPP (MP)

Forwarder

Tunnel labelMPLS layer

Data-Link and

Physical

To PSN

GE/10GE

802.2802.3

Ethernet

STM-1/STM-

4

PPPHDLC

POSML-PPP

E1/cSTM-1

PPP (MP)

NNI

The NNI side, interconnected with the PSN equipment, transmits the services in the public PSN.

The OptiX PTN 3900 has only the MPLS forwarding capability. That is, the OptiX PTN 3900forwards the MPLS packets according to the forwarding table of tunnel labels.

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4.1.2 Service ProcessingBased on the PTN service model, this section describes the processing of the Ethernet service,ATM service and CES service in the OptiX PTN 3900.

Ethernet Service Processing

At the physical layer on the UNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the interconnection to thecustomer-side equipment through the following physical interfaces to access the Ethernetservice.

l FE

l GE

l 10GE

The service interface layer on the UNI side:

l In the direction from the CE to the PE, receives the signals transmitted from the physicallayer, extracts the Ethernet frames, and sends the Ethernet frames to the Ethernet switchmodule at the native service processing (NSP) layer for processing.

l In the direction from the PE to the CE, receives the Ethernet frames transmitted from theEthernet switch module that is at the NSP layer, and sends the Ethernet frames to thecorresponding Ethernet physical channel.

According to the customer requirements, the NSP layer on the UNI side performs the followingprocessing.

l Processes a VLAN tag for the Ethernet frames (adds, strips or exchanges a VLAN tag).

l Performs the QoS processing, such as flow classification and congestion management.

l Controls the access authority by using the access control list (ACL).

l Performs the Ethernet OAM processing according to IEEE 802.1ag or IEEE 802.3ah.

The forwarder located between the UNI and the NNI mutually forwards the Ethernet service atthe NSP layer on the UNI side and the relevant PW on the NNI side. The forwarder can adoptthe following two modes to determine the relevant PW of the Ethernet service.

l Port that accesses the Ethernet service

l Port that accesses the Ethernet service + VLAN ID of the Ethernet frame

The emulation service layer on the NNI side corresponds to the payload that is to be encapsulatedinto the PW. The emulation service layer is an abstract logical layer. The PTN equipment doesnot perform any specific operation at this layer.

The PWE3 encapsulation layer on the NNI side adds the PW header to an Ethernet frame toform a PW protocol data unit (PDU).

At the MPLS layer on the NNI side, by using two tags, the OptiX PTN 3900 distinguishes thePW that carries the service from the tunnel that carries the PW.

At the data link layer and the physical layer on the NNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 carries andtransmits the MPLS packet through different links.

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NOTE

On the NNI side, the Ethernet service can be carried by a QinQ Tunnel instead of an MPLS Tunnel. In thiscase, the C-VLAN and S-VLAN tags are used instead of MPLS labels.On the NNI side, the Ethernet service can be directly carried by a physical Ethernet port without using thePWE3 encapsulation and MPLS label technology. In this case, the Ethernet port is fully occupied by theEthernet service.

ATM Service Processing

At the physical layer on the UNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the interconnection to thecustomer-side equipment through the following physical interfaces to access the ATM service.

l STM-1

l Channelized STM-1 (IMA adaptation is adopted.)

l E1 (IMA adaptation is adopted.)

The service interface layer on the UNI side:

l In the direction from the CE to the PE, receives the signals transmitted from the physicallayer, extracts the ATM cells, and sends the ATM cells to the ATM switch module at theNSP layer for processing.

l In the direction from the PE to the CE, receives the ATM cells transmitted from the ATMswitch module that is at the NSP layer, and sends the ATM cells to the correspondingphysical channel.

According to the customer requirements, the NSP layer on the UNI side performs the followingprocessing.

l Performs the VP switching.

l Performs the VC switching.

l Performs the ATM OAM processing.

The forwarder located between the UNI and the NNI mutually forwards the ATM service at theNSP layer on the UNI side and the relevant PW on the NNI side. The forwarder can adopt thefollowing modes to determine the relevant PW of the ATM service.

l VCC

l VPC

The emulation service layer on the NNI side corresponds to the payload that is to be encapsulatedinto the PW. The emulation service layer is an abstract logical layer. The PTN equipment doesnot perform any specific operation at this layer.

The PWE3 encapsulation layer on the NNI side can adopt the following two modes to encapsulatethe ATM cells into a PW PDU.

l Encapsulating one ATM cell into a PW PDU.

l Encapsulating N (N<=31) ATM cells into a PW PDU. This is also referred to as ATM cellconcatenation.

At the MPLS layer on the NNI side, by using two tags, the OptiX PTN 3900 distinguishes thePW that carries the service from the tunnel that carries the PW.

At the data link layer and the physical layer on the NNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 carries andtransmits the MPLS packet through different links.

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CES Service Processing

At the physical layer on the UNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the interconnection to thecustomer-side equipment through the following physical interfaces to access the CES service.

l Channelized STM-1

l E1

The service interface layer on the UNI side:

l In the direction from the CE to the PE, receives the signals transmitted from the physicallayer, extracts the TDM services, and sends the TDM services to the TDM processingmodule at the NSP layer for processing.

l In the direction from the PE to the CE, receives the TDM services transmitted from theTDM processing module that is at the NSP layer, and sends the TDM services to thecorresponding physical channel.

According to the customer requirements, the NSP layer on the UNI side performs the followingprocessing

l Performs the multiplexing and demultiplexing for channelized STM-1 signals and E1signals.

l Performs the E1 (VC-12) granularity scheduling for the channelized STM-1 signals.

The forwarder located between the UNI and the NNI mutually forwards the TDM service at theNSP layer on the UNI side and the relevant PW on the NNI side. The forwarder can adopt thefollowing two modes to determine the relevant PW of the TDM service.

l E1 port that accesses the TDM service

l Channelized STM-1 port and VC-12 timeslot that access the TDM service

The emulation service layer on the NNI side corresponds to the payload that is to be encapsulatedinto the PW. The emulation service layer is an abstract logical layer. No specific operation isperformed at this layer.

The PWE3 encapsulation layer on the NNI side can adopt the following two modes to encapsulatethe TDM service into a PW PDU.

l Structure-agnostic encapsulation. In this case, the emulated E1 signals are considered as abit stream. No matter whether the emulated E1 signals have the timeslot structure, the PTNequipment does not recognize the timeslot structure.

l Structure-aware encapsulation. In this case, the emulated E1 signals are considered as astructure-aware bit stream consisting of 64 kbit/s timeslots. The 64 kbit/s timeslots arevisible to the PTN equipment.

At the MPLS layer on the NNI side, by using two tags, the OptiX PTN 3900 distinguishes thePW that carries the service from the tunnel that carries the PW.

At the data link layer and the physical layer on the NNI side, the OptiX PTN 3900 carries andtransmits the MPLS packet through different links.

4.2 Ethernet ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports various Ethernet services and provides ideal L2VPN solutions.

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A virtual private network (VPN) is a private network constructed on the basis of the publicnetwork. The L2VPN is the VPN based on technologies of the link layer. The VPN constructedon the public network can provide the same security, reliability and manageability as the existingprivate networks.

Service providers can provide the VPN value-added service for enterprises to fully use theexisting network resources and to increase the service volume. In addition, service providerscan consolidate long-term partnership with enterprises.

For VPN users, the cost to lease the network is saved. The flexibility of the VPN networkingmakes the network management easier for enterprises. As the network security and encryptiontechnology develops, the private data can be transmitted over the public network with security.

Service Form

For the OptiX PTN 3900, the Ethernet service has the following forms.

l Point-to-point service: E-Line service

l Multipoint-to-multipoint service: E-LAN service

l Multipoint-to-point converging service: E-Aggr service

The QoS processing, such as flow classification and bandwidth control, can be performed forthe Ethernet service.

Standardization organizations such as ITU-T, IETF and MEF stipulate the model frames for L2Ethernet services. Table 4-1 lists these model frames. In this document, the L2 Ethernet servicesare of the model frame stipulated by MEF.

Table 4-1 Comparison among L2 Ethernet services stipulation

Service Type ServiceMultiplexing

TransportTunnel

IETFModel

ITU-TModel

MEFModel

Point-to-pointservice

Line Physicallyisolated

Physicallyisolated

- EPL E-Line

VirtualLine

Physicallyisolated

VLAN - EVPL

MPLS VPWS

VLAN Physicallyisolated

-

VLAN -

MPLS VPWS

Multipoint-to-multipointservice

LAN Physicallyisolated

Physicallyisolated

- EPLAN E-LAN

VirtualLAN

VLAN Physicallyisolated

- EVPLAN

S-VLAN -

MPLS VPLS

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Service Type ServiceMultiplexing

TransportTunnel

IETFModel

ITU-TModel

MEFModel

S-VLAN B-MACB-VLAN

-

E-Line Service Illustration

Figure 4-4 illustrates the E-Line service provided by the PTN products.

Company A has two branches in City 1 and City 3. Company B has two branches in City 2 andCity 3. Company C has two branches in City 1 and City 2. The branches of Company A, CompanyB, and Company C require data communication among themselves. Private line services arethen provided to Company A, Company B, and Company C separately for the communicationrequirement. In addition, the data are isolated.

Figure 4-4 E-Line service illustration

Nationwide/Globalcarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Company A

Company B

City 3

Company C

City 1

Company A

Company C Company B

City 2E-Line1E-Line2E-Line3

E-LAN Service Illustration

Figure 4-5 illustrates the E-LAN service provided by the PTN products.

The headquarters of Company Z is in City 3. Branch A of Company Z is located at City 1, City2 and City 3. Branch B of Company Z is located at City 1 and City 2. Branch A and Branch Bhave no service connection. Data from the two branchs should be isolated. The headquartersneeds to communicate with the branchs and to access to the Internet.

The PTN products can be used to provide the E-LAN service. Different VLAN tags are used toidentify service data from different branchs. In this way, the headquarters can communicate with

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the branchs and the data from different branchs are isolated. In addition, the VLAN is used toisolate the Internet data accessed by the headquarters from the internal service data.

Figure 4-5 E-LAN service illustration

Nationwide/Globalcarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Metrocarrier Ethernet

Headquarter

Branch B

City 3

Branch A

City 1

Branch B

Branch A

City 2VLAN1VLAN2

Branch B Branch A

ISP

VLAN3

E-Aggr Service Illustration

The E-Aggr service is a point-to-point bidirectional convergence service. Figure 4-6 illustratesthe E-Aggr service provided by the PTN products.

To construct a 3G network, an operator needs to converge services from each NodeB and transmitthe converged services to the RNC. The data flow between NodeB and the RNC is taken as aservice. At the convergence node, overall bandwidth is specified for the services to ensure theQoS.

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Figure 4-6 E-Aggr service illustration

GE

OptiX PTN 3900

OptiX PTN 1900 RNC

Node B

FE

FE

FE

4.3 ATM ServiceIn the transport network with the packet switching as the core, the OptiX PTN 3900 providesthe ATM emulation service.

The OptiX PTN 3900 accesses ATM services at the source node and encapsulates the ATM cellsin the PW and then transports them to the destination node. At the destination node, ATM cellsare recovered. In this way, ATM services are emulated. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports thefollowing encapsulation schemes.

l 1:1 virtual channel connection (VCC) mapping scheme: one VCC is mapped into one PW.

l N:1 VCC mapping scheme: N (N≤32) VCCs are mapped into one PW.

l 1:1 virtual path connection (VPC) mapping scheme: one VPC is mapped into one PW.

l N:1 VPC mapping scheme: N (N≤32) VPCs are mapped into one PW.

The OptiX PTN 3900 can access the IMA service and supports the following operations.

l Query of the IMA link status.

l Add the channelized STM-1 VC-12 link (CD1) or E1 link to the IMA group.

l Delete the channelized STM-1 VC-12 link (CD1) or E1 link from the IMA group.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following ATM specifications.

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l The OptiX PTN 3900 supports a maximum of 4k ATM services (remote service) and amaximum of 2k ATM services (local service), each optical interface supports 512 ATMservices.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 supports a maximum of 8k ATM connections (remote service) anda maximum of 4k ATM connections (local service), each optical interface supports 1k ATMconnections.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following IMA specifications.

l The CD1 board supports a maximum of 64 IMA groups.

l The MD1 board and MQ1 board support a maximum of 32 IMA groups.

l Each IMA group contains a maximum of 32 E1 links or 32 channelized STM-1 VC-12channels.

For the ATM service, the QoS policies can be configured in relation to the service type andbandwidth.

4.4 Circuit Emulation ServiceIn a packet switching network (PSN), the circuit emulation services are used to transparentlytransmit the TDM circuit. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports TDM CES accessed by the E1 electricalinterfaces and the channelized STM-1 optical interfaces.

Application ModelThe OptiX PTN 3900 uses the PWE3 technology to provide the CES.

The CES mainly applies to the wireless service and enterprise private line service. For 2G/3Gstations or enterprise private lines, the PTN equipment accesses E1 signals from E1 lines orchannelized STM-1 lines. The PTN equipment then encapsulates the E1 signals into packets,which are then transported to the opposite end through the PW. Figure 4-7 shows the process.

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Figure 4-7 CES service application model

IP/MPLS backbone

BTSNodeB BTS NodeB

Backbonelayer

Convergencelayer

Accesslayer

BSCRNC

CESOptiXPTN 3900

OptiXPTN 1900

Emulation Mode

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the CES services in both the structured emulation mode andunstructured emulation mode.

The structured emulation mode is also the structure-aware TDM circuit emulation service overpacket switched network (CESoPSN) mode.

l In this mode, the equipment detects the frame structure, framing scheme and timeslotinformation in the TDM circuit.

l In this mode, the equipment processes the overhead in the TDM frames and extracts thepayload. The equipment then places each channel of timeslots into the packet payload in acertain sequence. In this way, each channel of services are fixed and known.

The unstructured emulation mode is also the structure-agnostic TDM over packet (SAToP)mode.

l In this mode, the equipment does not detect the structure of any TDM signals, but takessignals as bit flow of the fixed rate. In this way, the overall TDM signals is emulated.

l In this mode, the overhead and payload in the TDM signals are transparently transmitted.

In the structured emulation mode, the OptiX PTN 3900 senses the E1 structure of the TDMsignal and provides the idle 64 kbit/s timeslot suppression function to save the transmissionbandwidth.

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Service ClocksTDM services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The OptiX PTN 3900 supportsthe retiming synchronization mode.

In the retiming synchronization mode, the system clock of the PEs are synchronized and thesystem clock is used as the service clock (retiming). Thus, all the PEs and CEs are synchronizedand the service clocks of the TDM services on all the CEs and PEs are synchronized. See Figure4-8.

Figure 4-8 Retiming synchronization mode of the CES service clock

BTS BSCPE PECES

TDM TDM

4.5 L3VPN ServicesThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports border gateway protocol (BGP)-based or MPLS-based layer3virtual private network (L3VPN) services. The equipment provides a complete L3VPN solution.

Basic ConceptsThe BGP/MPLS L3VPN, based on the PE, is an L3VPN technology of the provider provisionedVPN (PPVPN). It uses the BGP to issue VPN routes in the backbone network of the serviceprovider and uses the MPLS to forward VPN packets in the backbone network of the serviceprovider.

The BGP/MPLS L3VPN enables flexible networking and can be easily extended. In addition,the BGP/MPLS L3VPN supports the MPLS QoS and MPLS TE.

Figure 4-9 shows the schematic diagram of BGP/MPLS L3VPN application.

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Figure 4-9 Networking Application of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN

CE-A

VPN 1

VPN 1VPN 2

PE

PE

PE

PPVPN 2

CE-B

CE-C

CE-D

PP

Backbone network

OptiX PTN 3900/OptiX PTN 1900

CE

Route Diffusion

The route is the basis of the Layer 3 IP forwarding. The diffusion and differentiation of routersis a core problem to be solved by the L3VPN solution

The BGP/MPLS L3VPN solution of the OptiX PTN equipment supports the following routingmechanisms:

l Runs the open shortest path first (OSPF), routing information protocol (RIP), and E-BGProuting protocols together with the CE to complete the VPN route diffusion between thelocal equipment and the CE.

l Uses the MP-BGP protocol to complete the VPN route diffusion between PEs in the sameVPN.

l Uses the IS-IS routing protocol for networking between the OptiX PTN equipment.

Service Forwarding

The BGP/MPLS L3VPN adopts the MPLS technology to forward service packets by using twoMPLS labels. On the PE connected to the CE, the VPN, to which a service packet belongs, isdistinguished by using the inner MPLS label. When traveling the public PSN, the service packetsare forwarded in the public PSN by using the outer MPLS label.

As shown in Figure 4-10, IP packets of the CE-C in VPN 2 need be transmitted to the subnetconnected to CE-B. For the packet forwarding process, see Table 4-2.

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Figure 4-10 Service packet forwarding of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN

CE-A

VPN 1

VPN 1

VPN 2

PE-Y

PE-X

VPN 2

CE-B

CE-C

CE-D

ETHLink

P2P1

IPLabel 1VPN 2

IP

LinkLabel 2VPN 2

IP

LinkLabel 3VPN 2

IP

ETHIP

PE-Z

P4P3

Table 4-2 Instances for service packet forwarding of the BGP/MPLS L3VPN

NE Action Description Label Stack

CE-C Forwards a IPpacket.

The destination IP address is the hostthat is connected to CE-B and islocated in VPN 2. The IP packet istransmitted to PE-Y through anEthernet link.

ETHIP

PE-Y Extracts the IPpacket.

PE-Y extracts the IP packet from theEthernet link that is connected to CE-C.

IP

PE-Y Determines theVPN that the IPpacket belongsto.

PE-Y determines that the packetbelongs to VPN 2 based on theEthernet port and then adds a MPLSprivate label, which corresponds toVPN 2, to the IP packet.

VPN 2IP

PE-Y Routes andforwards thepacket.

PE-Y checks for the virtual routingand forwarding (VRF) tablecorresponding to VPN 2. Based onthe VRF table, it learns that thepacket should be forwarded to thetunnel between PE-Y and PE-X.Then, PE-Y adds MPLS label 1,which corresponds to the tunnel, tothe IP packet.

LinkLabel 1VPN 2

IP

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NE Action Description Label Stack

P2 MPLSforwarding

P2 extracts the outer MPLS labelfrom the packet and checks for theMPLS forwarding table. Then, P2forwards the MPLS forwarding tableto the link connected to P1 andexchanges the outer label with label2.

LinkLabel 2VPN 2

IP

P1 MPLSforwarding

P1 extracts the outer MPLS labelfrom the packet and checks for theMPLS forwarding table. Then, P2forwards the MPLS forwarding tableto the link connected to PE-X andexchanges the outer label with label3.

LinkLabel 3VPN 2

IP

PE-X Determines theVPN that thepacket belongsto.

PE-X extracts the forwarded MPLSpacket, strips the two MPLS labels,and determines that the packetbelongs to VPN 2 based on the innerlabel.

IP

PE-X Routes andforwards thepacket.

PE-X checks for the VRF tablecorresponding to VPN 2. Based onthe VRF table, it learns that thepacket should be forwarded to theEthernet link connected to CE-B.Then, PE-X adds Ethernetencapsulation to the IP packet andsends it to CE-B.

ETHIP

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5 Key Features

About This Chapter

This chapter describes key features of the equipment.

5.1 MPLSThe OptiX PTN 3900 uses the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology to transportmultiple types of services. This section describes the basic concepts related to the MPLS andapplication of the MPLS supported by the OptiX PTN 3900.

5.2 IS-IS Routing ProtocolThe intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) routing protocol, a link state protocol,belongs to the internal gateway protocol and is applicable to the internal of the autonomoussystem. The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the IS-IS routing protocol, which is used with the labeldistribution protocols RSVP-TE and LDP to realize the dynamic creation of the MPLS LSP.

5.3 BGPIn the case of the L3VPN service application, the OptiX PTN 3900 uses the BGP to control routeadvertisement and selection of the best route. On the client side, the OptiX PTN 3900 discoversroutes by running the external BGP (E-BGP). On the network side, the OptiX PTN 3900discovers routes by running the multiprotocol extensions for BGP-4 (MP-BGP).

5.4 OSPF ProtocolThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol. On the client side,the OptiX PTN 3900 discovers routes by running the OSPF protocol. On the network side, theOptiX PTN 3900 discovers routes by running the OSPF protocol and provides the conditionsfor tunnel creation, that is, enables OSPF traffic engineering (TE).

5.5 RIPThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the routing information protocol (RIP). On the client side, theOptiX PTN 3900 obtains the routing information and discovers routes by running the RIP.

5.6 MPLS SignalingThe MPLS signaling used by the OptiX PTN 3900 includes LSP signaling and PW signaling.The LSP signaling is responsible for distributing LSP labels and the PW signaling is responsiblefor distributing PW labels to establish PW.

5.7 PWE3The pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) technology is used to provide tunnels on thepacket switching network (IP/MPLS) to emulate the Layer 2 VPN protocol for some services,

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such as the TDM, ATM and Ethernet services. The emulated VPN protocol is used to connectthe traditional network and packet switching network. In this way, networks are extended andresources can be shared.

5.8 IP Tunnel and GRE TunnelThe OptiX PTN 3900 can use the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel to carry the ATM PWE3 service,CES PWE3 service and ETH PWE3 service. In this way, ATM emulation services and ETHemulation services can be transparently transmitted in an IP network.

5.9 QoSThe equipment supports DiffServ based on the standard, including flow classification, flowpolicing, traffic shaping, congestion management and queue scheduling.

5.10 IGMP SnoopingThe Internet group management protocol (IGMP) Snooping function is used to realize multicastdistribution.

5.11 MSTP/RSTP/STPThe multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) is compatible with the spanning tree protocol (STP)and rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP). In addition, the MSTP rectifies the defects of the STPand RSTP. The MSTP supports fast reconfiguration and provides multiple paths for forwardingdata. During the data forwarding process, the VLAN data is of load balance. The MSTP complieswith IEEE 802.1s.

5.12 ACLTo filter data packets, the access control list (ACL) can be used to stipulate a series rules in order.The equipment classifies the received data packets according to the ACL rules and then forwardsor discards these packets.

5.13 BFDThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) function. The Hellomechanism is used to detect states of Ethernet links.

5.14 Synchronous Ethernet ClockThe OptiX PTN 3900 realizes the synchronous Ethernet clock on the Physical layer.

5.15 IEEE 1588 V2 ClockThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the function of adopting the IEEE 1588 V2 protocol to realizeclock synchronization and time synchronization.

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5.1 MPLSThe OptiX PTN 3900 uses the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology to transportmultiple types of services. This section describes the basic concepts related to the MPLS andapplication of the MPLS supported by the OptiX PTN 3900.

5.1.1 MPLS BackgroundThe multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) was originally used to increase the forwarding speedof a router. Currently, the MPLS are evolving to the backbone routing and the VPN solution.

5.1.2 Basic MPLS ConceptsSeveral basic MPLS concepts facilitate the understanding of the MPLS technology. These basicMPLS concepts include forwarding equivalence class (FEC), label, label distribution protocol(LDP) and label switched path (LSP).

5.1.3 MPLS System StructureThe MPLS system consists of the control plane and forwarding plane.

5.1.4 MPLS Features of the EquipmentUsing the MPLS technology, the OptiX PTN 3900 not only greatly increases the packetforwarding speed but also provides the capability of seamlessly connecting to Layer 2 networkssuch as the ATM and Ethernet networks. In addition, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides bettersolutions for application of the TE, VPN and QoS.

5.1.1 MPLS BackgroundThe multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) was originally used to increase the forwarding speedof a router. Currently, the MPLS are evolving to the backbone routing and the VPN solution.

The MPLS is integrated with the Layer 3 routing function of the IP network and the highlyeffective forwarding mechanism of the traditional Layer 2 network. Similar to the forwardingscheme of the existing Layer 2 network, the forwarding plane is connection-oriented. Hence,the MPLS can be seamlessly connected to Layer 2 networks such the ATM and Ethernetnetworks. In addition, the MPLS provides better solutions for the application of the trafficengineering (TE), virtual private network (VPN) and quality of service (QoS). Hence, the MPLSbecomes a criterion for expanding the data network and increasing the network operability.

To better meet the requirements of the transport network for service quality, the connectionlessfeature of the standard MPLS should be simplified, and the OAM and protection capabilitiesshould be enhanced. In compliance with the latest international standards, the OptiX PTN3900 supports a series of MPLS features for the transport network.

5.1.2 Basic MPLS ConceptsSeveral basic MPLS concepts facilitate the understanding of the MPLS technology. These basicMPLS concepts include forwarding equivalence class (FEC), label, label distribution protocol(LDP) and label switched path (LSP).

Forwarding Equivalence ClassAs a classification forwarding technology, the MPLS considers the packets of the sameforwarding scheme as a class, which is called an FEC. In the MPLS network, the packets in thesame FEC are processed in the same way.

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LabelA label is a short identifier of fixed length and is locally valid (only valid in the MPLS domain).The label is used to identify the FEC that one packet belongs to. On certain conditions, forexample, when load sharing is required, several labels may correspond to one FEC, but one labeljust indicates one FEC.

The packet headers carry labels and the labels do not contain any topology information. Labelsare locally valid. A label has four bytes, which are encapsulated in the way illustrated in Figure5-1.

Figure 5-1 Label encapsulation structure

0 19 22 23 31Label Exp S TTL

A label has the following four sections.

l Label: 20 bits. The label section indicates the label value and is used as the forwardingpointer.

l Exp: 3 bits. The Exp section is reserved for test and currently used for CoS.

l S: 1 bit. The S section is an identifier at the bottom of a stack. The MPLS supports thelayered labels, or multiple labels. If S is 1, it indicates that the label is at the bottom.

l TTL: 8 bits. The TTL section has the same indication as the time to live (TTL) of IP packets.

As a connection identifier, the label is similar to the VPI/VCI for ATM. The labels areencapsulated between the link layer and the network layer in a Ethernet frame. Figure 5-2 showsthe encapsulation location of labels.

Figure 5-2 Encapsulation location of labels in Ethernet frames

Ethernet/SONET/SDH packet

Ethernet/PPP header Label Layer 3 data

LDPThe LDP is the control protocol for the MPLS. Similar to the signaling protocol of the traditionalnetwork, the LDP is responsible for creation and maintenance of LSP and PW, FECclassification, and label distribution.

The MPLS can use several types of label distribution protocols.

l Some protocols are exclusively stipulated for label distribution, such as LDP and constraint-routing label distribution protocol (CR-LDP). The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the LDP to createand maintain PWs.

l Some exiting protocols can be extended to support the label distribution, such as bordergateway protocol (BGP) and resource reservation protocol (RSVP). The OptiX PTN

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3900 uses the resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) protocol tocreate and maintain LSPs.

LSP

In an MPLS network, the path involved in an FEC is called an LSP.

The LSP is a unidirectional path from the ingress to egress. Each node on an LSP is a labelswitched router (LSR). According to the data transport direction, adjacent LSRs are upstreamLSR and downstream LSR.

The LSPs are classified into static LSPs and dynamic LSPs. The static LSPs are manuallyconfigured by the administrator. The dynamic LSPs are created dynamically by the RSVP-TEprotocol.

5.1.3 MPLS System StructureThe MPLS system consists of the control plane and forwarding plane.

The control plane of the MPLS system is connectionless. The control plane of the MPLS systemuses the powerful and flexible routing function of a Layer 3 network, which meets the networkrequirements of new application.

The forwarding plane is also called a data plane, which is connection-oriented and can use Layer2 networks such as Ethernet. The MPLS uses short labels of fixed length to encapsulate packets.The forwarding plane then quickly forwards the encapsulated packets.

5.1.4 MPLS Features of the EquipmentUsing the MPLS technology, the OptiX PTN 3900 not only greatly increases the packetforwarding speed but also provides the capability of seamlessly connecting to Layer 2 networkssuch as the ATM and Ethernet networks. In addition, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides bettersolutions for application of the TE, VPN and QoS.

To ensure the service quality required in a transport network, the OptiX PTN 3900 simplifiesthe non-connection-oriented feature of the MPLS.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 does not use the penultimate hop popping (PHP).

l The OptiX PTN 3900 does not support LSP Merge, for the LSP Merge makes the sourceof a data flow unknown. If the source is unknown, the OAM and performance monitoringbecome difficult or unusable.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 does not support the equal cost multiple path (ECMP), for the ECMPmakes the CC of the OAM and performance monitoring complex.

In addition, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides complete OAM support and powerful protectioncapabilities.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the MPLS OAM mechanism compliant with ITU-T Y.1711 tofast check the LSP.

l The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the protection switching mechanism that complies with ITU-TY.1720 and ITU-T G.8131. The OptiX PTN 3900 not only provides FRR protection forLSPs, but also provides end-to-end transport protection for LSPs.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the MPLS technology and has the following MPLS features.

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Table 5-1 MPLS features of OptiX PTN 3900

Feature Description

MPLS basicfunction

The equipment supports basic MPLS functions and service forwarding.The equipment uses the RSVP-TE protocol to create and maintain theMPLS Tunnels, and uses the LDP to create and maintain the PWs.

The equipment uses the MPLS tunnel technology and the pseudo wireemulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) technology to form an MPLS network,where multiple services can be accessed.

The equipment supports the static MPLS Tunnel and dynamic MPLSTunnel.

The equipment supports the static PW and dynamic PW.

MPLS OAM The equipment supports the MPLS OAM in compliance with ITU-T Y.1711.

The equipment supports Ping and TraceRoute commands for the MPLSTunnel.

MPLS protection The equipment supports the MPLS Tunnel re-route (RR).

The equipment supports the MPLS Tunnel fast re-route (FRR).

The equipment supports the 1+1 protection and 1:1 protection for theMPLS Tunnel.

Others The equipment supports the TE based on the MPLS Tunnel.

The equipment supports the MPLS QoS.

Table 5-2 MPLS specification of OptiX PTN 3900

Feature Specifications

Maximumnumber of MPLStunnel

8k

Maximumnumber of PWs

16k

5.2 IS-IS Routing ProtocolThe intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) routing protocol, a link state protocol,belongs to the internal gateway protocol and is applicable to the internal of the autonomoussystem. The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the IS-IS routing protocol, which is used with the labeldistribution protocols RSVP-TE and LDP to realize the dynamic creation of the MPLS LSP.

The IS-IS routing protocol used by the OptiX PTN 3900 creates and synchronizes the link statedatabase (LSD) through routing protocol packets, such as link state PDUs. Based on the LSDB

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and path cost, the OptiX PTN 3900 uses the optimized shortest path first (SPF) algorithm togenerate the routing table, and uses the IS-IS TE of the IS-IS routing protocol to generate thetraffic engineering database (TEDB). The TEDB and routing table are the bases of creating theMPLS LSP. The TEDB computes the route that the MPLS LSP travels through. The routingtable forwards the RSVP-TE and LDP protocol packets to realize label distribution. In this way,the MPLS LSP is dynamically created.

Three features of the IS-IS routing protocol are supported by the OptiX PTN 3900, that is, threetypes of IS-IS routing protocol packets, optimized SPF algorithm, path cost, and IS-IS trafficengineering (IS-IS TE).

Three Types of IS-IS Routing Protocol PacketsThe IS-IS routing protocol belongs to the network player of the OSI protocol model. The IS-ISrouting protocol runs directly at the data link layer. When the IS-IS routing protocol is processed,the decapsulation of the network layer is absent. With the preceding feature, the IS-IS routingprotocol is more applicable to the PTN transport network using the MPLS packet switchingtechnology.

The IS-IS routing protocol packets use the uniform encapsulation format. The length of thepackets is changeable and the extensibility is strong. The complexity of the protocol is decreased,because the types of the protocol packets are few. Thus, the running is more reliable and efficient.

The OptiX PTN 3900 realizes the following three types of IS-IS routing protocol packets:l Hello packets

Hello packets are used to construct and maintain neighbor relation between network nodes.Hence, Hello packets are also called IS-to-IS hello (IIH) PDUs.

l Link state PDUsLink state PDUs are used to exchange the link state information. In a network running theIS-IS routing protocol, each network node generates a link state PDU, which contains allthe link state information of this network node. To generate its own LSDB, each networknode collects all the link state PDUs within the local domain and between domains.

l SNP packetsSequence number PDUs (SNP) describe the link state PDUs in all or part of the LSDB.The SNP is used to synchronize and maintain the LSDB of each network node in the PTNnetwork.

Optimized SPF AlgorithmThe IS-IS routing protocol realized by the OptiX PTN 3900 uses the optimized SPF algorithmfor route computation and update. When the topology is changed, the resources (networkbandwidth, processing capability of network nodes, and memory) for updating the new routeare few, and thus the convergence rate of the entire network is improved.

path costThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the manual setting of path cost, and controls the route that theMPLS LSP travels through when it is dynamically created.

IS-IS TEWhen the MPLS constructs the LSP, the traffic engineering information of all the links in thelocal domain should be known. The IS-IS TE realized by the OptiX PTN 3900 supports the

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construction of the MPLS LSP. The OptiX PTN 3900 obtains the traffic engineering information(link utilization and path cost) of all the links in the network through the IS-IS routing protocol.It constructs and synchronizes the TEDB, and uses the constrained shortest path first (CSPF)algorithm used by the TEDB to compute the route that the MPLS LSP travels through.

5.3 BGPIn the case of the L3VPN service application, the OptiX PTN 3900 uses the BGP to control routeadvertisement and selection of the best route. On the client side, the OptiX PTN 3900 discoversroutes by running the external BGP (E-BGP). On the network side, the OptiX PTN 3900discovers routes by running the multiprotocol extensions for BGP-4 (MP-BGP).

As an exterior gateway protocol (EGP), the border gateway protocol (BGP) runs betweenautonomous systems (ASs) to control route advertisement and selection of the best route.

NOTE

An AS is a collection of routers that are under the control of one entity and have the same internal routingpolicy.

The BGP supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 complies with RFC 3107 (Carrying LabelInformation in BGP-4), RFC 1997 (BGP Communities Attribute), RFC 4271 (A Border GatewayProtocol 4) and RFC 4760 (Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4).

Basic Concepts

The basic concepts with regard to the BGP are as follows:

l Speaker: The OptiX PTN equipment that transmits the BGP messages is referred to as aspeaker, which receives or generates new routing information and advertises the routinginformation to its peers. When a BGP speaker receives routing information from anotherAS, the BGP speaker advertises the routes to its peers in the AS, if the route is better thanthe known routes or the BGP speaker does not contain the routes.

l Peer: The BGP speakers that exchange the routing information are peers to each other.

l Internal BGP (I-BGP): When the BGP runs in the same AS, the BGP is referred to as I-BGP.

l External BGP (E-BGP): When the BGP runs in different ASs, the BGP is referred to as E-BGP.

l MP-BGP: MP-BGP is the multiprotocol extensions for the BGP-4. The MP-BGP supportsmultiple network protocols. MP-BGP runs in the same AS.

BGP Messages

In the PSN, the BGP notifies the routing information, maintains and interrupts connections bytransporting the BGP messages. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following messages:

l Open messages: When a TCP connection is established, the Open messages are sent toestablish connections between BGP peers.

l Update messages: The Update messages are transported for peers to exchange the routinginformation. The Update messages can advertise the information about multiple reachableroutes with the same attributes and delete the information about multiple unreachableroutes.

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l Keepalive messages: The Keepalive messages are sent periodically to the peers to maintainthe validity of connections. When receiving the Open messages, the peers send theKeepalive messages to maintain the validity of connections. After the acknowledgment,the peers can exchange the Update, Notification, and Keepalive messages.

l Notification messages: When detecting a status error, the Notification messages are sentto peers. Then, the BGP connection is interrupted immediately.

NOTE

The routing information is transported according to the incremental updates. That is, only route changesare notified.

BGP AttributesBGP routing attributes are a series of parameters that further define certain routes and thus helpthe BGP to filter and select routes.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following BGP attributes:

l Origin: The Origin attribute defines the origin of the path information.

l AS_Path: The AS_Path attribute records the numbers of the ASs that one route traversesfrom the local to the destination, in a vector sequence. The AS_Path attribute avoids routeloops. Generally, the BGP does not receive the information about the route whose AS_Pathattribute contains the local AS number. In this manner, the route loop is avoided.

l Next_Hop: The Next_Hop attribute indicates the address of the next hop along the messagetransmission path to the destination.

l Multi-exit-descriminator (MED): The MED attribute is transmitted only between twoadjacent ASs to determine the best route along which the traffic enters the AS. The routewhose MED value is the smallest is selected as the best route with priority.

l Community: The Community attribute simplifies the routing policy and facilitates themaintenance and management of routes.

BGP Route Selection PolicyWhen there are multiple routes with the same destination, the BGP selects the routes by usingthe following polices:

1. Discards the route whose next hop is unreachable.2. Prefers the route of the highest Local_Pref value.3. Prefers the route that starts from the OptiX PTN equipment.4. Prefers the route with the least AS_Path.5. Prefers the route whose Origin is the lowest.6. Prefers the route whose MED is the lowest.7. Prefers the routes learned from the E-BGP.8. Prefers the route of the shortest path in the AS.

BGP Route Notification PrincipleThe OptiX PTN 3900 notifies the routing information by adhering to the following principles:

l When there are multiple valid routes, the BGP speaker advertises only the best route to itspeers.

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l The BGP speaker advertises only the routing information that it uses to its peers.l The BGP speaker advertises all the routes that it learns from the E-BGP to its peers

(including E-BGP peers and I-BGP peers).l The BGP speaker does not advertises the routes that it learns from the I-BGP to its I-BGP

peers.l The BGP speaker advertises the routes that it learns from the I-BGP to its E-BGP peers,

when the synchronization of the BPG and IGP is not enabled.l The BGP speaker advertises all the BGP routes to the new peers once the connections are

established.NOTE

The synchronization between the BGP and IGP refers to the process where the BGP adds a new route tothe routing table only after the IGP adds the new route to the routing table. If the BGP is not synchronouswith the IGP, the BGP straightly adds new routes to the routing table.

5.4 OSPF ProtocolThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol. On the client side,the OptiX PTN 3900 discovers routes by running the OSPF protocol. On the network side, theOptiX PTN 3900 discovers routes by running the OSPF protocol and provides the conditionsfor tunnel creation, that is, enables OSPF traffic engineering (TE).

The OSPF protocol is a dynamic interior gateway protocol (IGP) that is compiled based on linkstatus by IETF.

On the network, the OSPF protocol transfers the link state information and computes routes toobtain the routing information according to the link state information.

The OSPF protocol supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 complies with RFC 3623 (Graceful OSPFRestart), RFC 2328 (OSPF Version 2), RFC 3630 (TE Extensions to OSPF Version 2), and RFC2370 (The OSPF Opaque LSA Option).

Basic ConceptsThe basic concepts with regard to the OSPF protocol include the OSPF protocol packet, linkstate advertisement (LSA), neighbor, adjacency, router ID, and OSPF TE.

l There are the following categories of OSPF protocol packets:– Hello packets: The Hello packets are used to discover and maintain the OSPF

neighborhood and are sent periodically.– Database description (DD) packets: Exchanging the DD packets are used to maintain

synchronization of the databases. The DD packets describe the summary of the locallink state database (LSDB).

– Link state request (LSR) packet: The LSR packets are used to request for the requiredLSA from each other. The LSR packets are sent to each other only after they successfullystart to exchange the DD packets.

– Link state update (LSU) packet: The LSU packets are used to send the required LSA toeach other.

– Link state acknowledgment (LSAck) packet: The LSAck packets are used toacknowledge the received LSA.

l The OSPF advertises the routing information by encapsulating the route description intoLSAs. The common LSA categories are as follows:

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– Router LSA (type 1): The router LSA describes the link status and cost of the OptiXPTN equipment and is flooded only in the OSPF area.

– Network LSA (type 2): The network LSA describes the status of the links in the localnetwork segment and is flooded in the OSPF area.

– Network summary LSA (type 3): The network summary LSA describes the routes in acertain network segment in the OSPF area and advertises the routing information toother related OSPF areas.

– AS boundary router (ASBR) summary LSA (Type 4): The ASBR summary LSAdescribes the routes to the ASBRs and advertises the routing information to all otherrelated OSPF areas except the areas where the ASBRs are located.

– AS external LSA (type 5): The AS external LSA describes the routers to the outside ofthe AS and advertises the routing information to all the OSPF areas (Stub area and NSSAexcluded).

– Not so totally stub area (NSSA) LSA (type 7): The NSSA LSA describes the routers tothe outside of the AS and is flooded only in the NSSA.

– Opaque LSA (type 10): The opaque LSA carries the TE information.

l Neighbor: When running the OSPF protocol, the OptiX PTN equipment sends the Hellopackets through the OSPF interface. When receiving the Hello packets, the OptiX PTNequipment checks the related parameters defined in the packets for consistency. If therelated parameters are consistent, the neighborhood is established.

l Adjacency: The neighborhood does not necessarily ensure the adjacency. The network typedetermines when the adjacency can be established. Two OptiX PTN systems can establishthe adjacency only after they successfully exchange the DD packets and LSA.

l Router ID: A router ID is a 32-bit value that uniquely identifies an OptiX PTN equipmentin an AS. A router ID is important for the OptiX PTN equipment to run the OSPF protocol.

l OSPF TE: The OSPF TE supports the creation of the label switching paths (LSPs) for TE.Before building LSPs, the MPLS protocol has to know the traffic information of all linksin the area. The MPLS protocol obtains the TE information of the links through the OSPFprotocol.

OSPF Route Computation

The OSPF protocol computes routes in the following way:

1. Each OptiX PTN equipment generates the LSA based on the surrounding network topologyand sends the LSA to other systems on the network through the DD packets, LSR packets,or LSU packets.

2. Each OptiX PTN equipment collects the LSAs sent by the adjacent systems. The collectionof LSAs is referred to an LSDB. The OptiX PTN equipment can obtain the topology of theentire network from the LSDB. The LSDB is the same for the OptiX PTN equipment ofthe PTN network.

NOTE

The LSA describes the surrounding topology of the OptiX PTN equipment and the LSDB describesthe network topology of the entire AS.

3. According to the LSDB, each OptiX PTN equipment computes a shortest path tree that isrooted at itself by using the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. The tree defines the routesto each node in the AS.

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OSPF AreaThe OSPF protocol logically divides the OptiX PTN systems into areas, which are identified byarea IDs. Each interface where the OSPF protocol runs must belong to an area.

The OptiX PTN equipment supports the OSPF backbone area, which is responsible for inter-area routing information. Backbone areas should be interconnected.

OSPF Router ClassificationAccording to the positions in the AS, the OptiX PTN systems can be classified as follows:

l Internal router, IR: All interfaces on an internal router belong to one OSPF area.

l Backbone router: A backbone router must have one interface or more that belong to abackbone area. Hence, all the routers in the backbone areas are backbone routers.

l Autonomous System Border Routers, ASBR: The OptiX PTN equipment that exchangesthe routing information with other ASs is referred to as ASBR. An ASBR may not be locatedat the border of an AS. The OptiX PTN equipment that introduces the external routinginformation is an ASBR.

OSPF Network ClassificationAccording to the link-layer protocol types, the OSPF classifies networks as follows:

l Broadcast network: When Ethernet is used as the link-layer protocol, the OSPF considersthe network as a broadcast network by default.

l Point-to-point network: When PPP is used as the link-layer protocol, the OSPF considersthe network as a point-to-point network by default.

5.5 RIPThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the routing information protocol (RIP). On the client side, theOptiX PTN 3900 obtains the routing information and discovers routes by running the RIP.

The RIP is an internal gateway protocol (IGP). Based on the distance-vector algorithm, the RIPuses the hop count to indicate the distance to the destination. The RIP is applicable to small-scale networks.

The RIP supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 complies with the RFC 2453 (RIP Version 2).

Basic ConceptsThe basic concepts related to the RIP supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 include the hop count,RIP message, RIP routing database, and RIP timer.

l Hop count: The RIP uses the hop count to measure the distance to the destination. The hopcount is also referred to as metric. As defined in the RIP, if the OptiX PTN equipment isdirectly connected to a network, the hop count is 0; if the OptiX PTN equipment isconnected to a network through one set of equipment, the hop count is 1. The hop countcan be determined by analog. To limit the convergence time, the RIP defines that the metricshould be an integer in the range of 0 to 15. If the hop count is 16 or more, the RIP definesthe metric as infinite. That is, the RIP considers the destination as unreachable.

l RIP messages: The RIP switches the routing information on the basis of user datagramprotocol (UDP) messages by using the RIP packets. The RIP protocol defines two types of

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messages, that is, request messages and response messages. The request messages are sentto request the neighbors to send all or part of the routing information and the responsemessages send all or part of the local routing information.

l RIP routing database: One set of the OptiX PTN equipment that runs the RIP manages oneRIP routing database, which contains the route entries to all the reachable destinations onthe network. The key route entries are as follows:– Destination address, which is the IP address of the host or network.

– Next-hop address, which is the IP address of the interface on the adjacent equipmentthat the RIP packets have to traverse to reach the destination.

– Interface, which forwards packets.

– Metric, which indicates the distance from the OptiX PTN equipment to the destinationand is an integer in the range of 0 to 15.

– Routing time, which indicates the period from the last time when the route entries aremodified to the present time. When the route entries are modified, the routing time isreset to 0.

– Route flag, which distinguishes the routes of the internal routing protocol from the routesof the external routing protocol.

l RIP timer, which controls the RIP. There are three types of RIP timers, that is, Update,Age, and Garbage-Collect.– Update time: During the update time, the OptiX PTN equipment periodically transmits

the update packets.– Age time: If the OptiX PTN equipment fails to receive the update packets from one of

its neighbors when the age time expires, the OptiX PTN equipment considers the routeto the neighbor as unreachable.

– Garbage-Collect time: If the OptiX PTN equipment fails to receive the update packetsfrom one of its neighbors during the garbage-collect time, the OptiX PTN equipmentdeletes the route to the neighbor from the route table.

Working Process of the RIP

The RIP receives the routing information from other equipment on the network and thusmaintains the local IP-layer route table. In this manner, the IP-layer packets can be transmittedalong the correct routes. In addition, the RIP broadcasts the routing information of the localOptiX PTN equipment to inform the neighbor equipment of route changes.

When processing the RIP, the OptiX PTN equipment mainly processes the RIP packets and RIProutes.

l The OptiX PTN equipment processes the RIP packets as follows:

1. When the RIP starts running, the initial route table contains the routing informationof only the directly-connected interfaces on the local OptiX PTN equipment.

2. When running the RIP, the OptiX PTN equipment sends the request messages to itsneighbors.

3. When receiving the request messages, the neighbor equipment responds to the requestand returns the response messages, which contain the information about the local routetable. The neighbor equipment also computes routes.

4. When receiving the response messages from its neighbors, the OptiX PTN equipmentmodifies the local route table.

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l The OptiX PTN equipment processes the RIP routes as follows:– When receiving the response messages, the OptiX PTN equipment modifies the route

table, sends the messages to trigger updates on its neighbors that send the responsemessages, and broadcasts the route updates. When receiving the route updates, theneighbor equipment sends the messages to trigger updates to its neighbors. When thebroadcast is complete, each set of equipment triggers updates and maintains the latestrouting information.

– The RIP adopts the aging mechanism to process the timeout routes and to ensure thevalidity of routes. Hence, the RIP periodically sends the local route table to its neighbors.When receiving the routing information, the neighbor equipment updates the localrouting information. The equipment that runs the RIP repeats this process withoutexception.

5.6 MPLS SignalingThe MPLS signaling used by the OptiX PTN 3900 includes LSP signaling and PW signaling.The LSP signaling is responsible for distributing LSP labels and the PW signaling is responsiblefor distributing PW labels to establish PW.

LSP SignalingThe OptiX PTN 3900 uses the RSVP-TE protocol as the LSP signaling.

At first, the RSVP protocol is used to reserve resources for certain services. In this way, the QoScan be guaranteed. As TE comes up lately, the RSVP protocol is extended to create LSP. In thisway, TE is more easily realized.

The RSVP-TE protocol used by the OptiX PTN 3900 has the following functions.

l Supports various messages and objects of standard RSVP-TE protocol.l Supports shared-explicit (SE) style to reserve resources. For the SE style, resources are

reserved for a group of transmitters, which share the reserved resources.l Supports refreshing, fast re-transmission and confirmation of the software status.

PW SignalingThe OptiX PTN 3900 uses the label distribution protocol (LDP) as the PW signaling.

The LDP is a control and signaling protocol for the MPLS.

The LDP protocol used by the OptiX PTN 3900 has the following functions.

l Supports extension of the LDP protocol by the PWE3.l Supports the extended neighbor discovery mechanism.l Supports the label distributing scheme of the downstream on demand.l Supports the ordered label control scheme.l Supports the liberal retention mode.

5.7 PWE3The pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) technology is used to provide tunnels on thepacket switching network (IP/MPLS) to emulate the Layer 2 VPN protocol for some services,

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such as the TDM, ATM and Ethernet services. The emulated VPN protocol is used to connectthe traditional network and packet switching network. In this way, networks are extended andresources can be shared.

Basic Concept

The PWE3 is an end-to-end Layer 2 service carrying technology, and belongs to point-to-pointL2VPN. In the two provider edges (PEs) of a network, the LDP is used as the signaling andtunnels are used to emulate various Layer 2 services at the customer edge (CE), such as the Layer2 data packets and bit flow. In this way, the Layer 2 data at the CE end are transparentlytransmitted in the network.

The PWE3 is used to create point-to-point channels, which are isolated from each other. TheLayer 2 packets from users are transparently transmitted among PWs. For PE equipment, themapping relation between user access interfaces and PWs is determined after the PW connectionis set up. For P equipment, MPLS packets are forwarded according to the MPLS labels. TheLayer 2 user packets encapsulated in the MPLS packets are not processed.

Typical Application

The PWE3 is used to integrate the original access schemes with the existing IP backbonenetworks. In this way, repeated network construction is reduced and the OpEx is saved.

Figure 5-3 Typical application of the PWE3

E1BTS

NodeB

RNC

BSC

EMS

PWE3PWE3

E1, STM-1 interface

FE

interface

ATM, GE interface

IMA E1, FE interface

PWE3

5.8 IP Tunnel and GRE TunnelThe OptiX PTN 3900 can use the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel to carry the ATM PWE3 service,CES PWE3 service and ETH PWE3 service. In this way, ATM emulation services and ETHemulation services can be transparently transmitted in an IP network.

Take ATM emulation services as an example.

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In an MPLS network that consists of the PTN equipment, the PWE3 technology is used to providethe ATM emulation services. Figure 5-4 shows how the ATM emulation services areencapsulated.

Figure 5-4 ATM PWE3 over MPLS tunnel

ATM switch

MPLS network

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

Ethernet

ATME1/STM-1

ATM switchPTN PTN

If an ATM emulation service that travels through an IP network is required, the OptiX PTN3900 can use the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel to carry the ATM PWE3. This complies with RFC4023. As shown in Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6, an ATM emulation service can be providedbetween NE A and NE B, even though the IP network between NE A and NE B does not supportthe MPLS.

Figure 5-5 ATM PWE3 over IP tunnel

ATMswitch

IPnetwork

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

Ethernet

ATME1/STM-1

ATMswitchPTN Router PTN

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

Ethernet

Router

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Figure 5-6 ATM PWE3 over GRE tunnel

ATMswitch

IPnetwork

ATMPWE3

PW LabelGRE

ATME1/STM-1

ATMswitchPTN Router PTNRouter

IPEthernet

ATMPWE3

PW LabelGRE

IPEthernet

ATME1/STM-1

NOTE

DCN packets can be transparently transported over the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel. When the DCN packetspass through a third-party network, the DCN packets are transported in an end-to-end manner.

5.9 QoSThe equipment supports DiffServ based on the standard, including flow classification, flowpolicing, traffic shaping, congestion management and queue scheduling.

The equipment realizes the eight groups of pre-hop behavior (PHB) stipulated in the standard.The eight PHB groups are BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6 and CS7. With the equipment,the vendors can provide services of different quality classes for users. In this way, an integratednetwork emerges to carry data, voice and video services at the same time.

QoS in the DiffServ Mode

One DiffServ region may contain several types of packets, including VLAN packets and MPLSpackets. To provide a good class of service (CoS) for various packets, at the edge of the DiffServregion, the ingress equipment maps the DSCP/EXP/VLAN Pri/S-VLAN dei+pcp into the CoSand the egress equipment maps the CoS into the EXP/VLAN Pri/S-VLAN dei+pcp.

One DiffServ region may contain several types of packets, including VLAN packets, MPLSpackets and IP packets. Hence, in actual application, the priority of which layer to be mappedinto the forwarding class should be specified.

The Layer 2 packets include customer VLAN (C-VLAN) packets and service VLAN (S-VLAN)packets. The Layer 3 packets include MPLS packets and IP packets. By default, the equipmentmaps the forwarding class according to the priorities of Layer 2 packets.

Flow Classification

The flow classification indicates that data packets are classified into several priorities or serviceclasses. For example, if the first six bits of the DSCP type of service (ToS) field are used for theflow classification, the flow can be classified into a maximum of 64 classes. After the flow isclassified, other QoS features then can be used for different classes. In this way, the class-basedcongestion management and traffic shaping are realized.

The equipment supports the simple flow classification and the complex flow classification.

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Simple flow classification:

In the simple flow classification, the priorities of external packets and the priorities of internalpackets are mapped to each other, according to the DSCP values of IP packets, the EXP valuesof MPLS packets, and the Pri values of VLAN packets.

Equipment support for the simple flow classification:

The equipment supports the simple flow classification for S-VLAN packets, C-VLAN packets,IP packets, and MPLS packets. The simple flow classification is performed at an Ethernet portor at a POS port.

Purpose of the simple flow classification:

The simple flow classification is effective for an internal node in a DS region. In a DS region,the simple flow classification rules are the same for all nodes. The simple flow classificationmaps the original priorities of packets in the network to the internal priorities of the equipment,so that the packets can be transmitted inside the equipment according to the preset priorities.Compared with the complex flow classification, the simple flow classification features a simplexclassification form and easy configuration. In this case, the QoS configuration for each node ina DS region is simplified.

Complex flow classification:

In the complex flow classification, packets are classified according to relatively complex rules.The processing actions include the ACL, the CAR, and the setting of CoS.

Equipment support for the complex flow classification:

The equipment supports the complex flow classification for S-VLAN packets, C-VLAN packets,and IP packets. The complex flow classification is performed at an Ethernet port.

Purpose of the complex flow classification:

In the complex flow classification, packets are classified according to complex rules. Furtherprocessing, including the ACL, the CAR, and the setting of grooming class, is also conductedfor the flow bandwidth and for the flow forwarding. The complex flow classification featuresflexible and diversified classification forms. In this case, the user can classify accessed servicesbased on the QoS in a more specific manner.

CAR

The committed access rate (CAR) is a method used to limit the rate of accessed packets accordingto the four preset parameters of the token bucket. The purpose of CAR is to mark accessedpackets with colors (or label the packets), and to limit the rate of accessed packets.

The CAR provides the following two key functions.

l Labeling: Realized by color marking and re-labeling.

l Traffic rate limiting: Realized by the specific action taken on the packets after they aremarked with colors.

There are two color marking modes: color-blind and color-aware. In both modes, the currentrate of packets is compared with the committed information rate (CIR) and peak informationrate (PIR) of the token bucket. The packets that exceed the PIR are marked in red. The packetsthat exceed the CIR but are within the PIR are marked in yellow. The packets that are within theCIR are marked in green. The difference is that, in the color-aware mode, if the packets

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themselves have a color, their own color is compared with the color that should be marked andthen the deeper color is used.

Traffic rate limiting determines whether to discard some colored packets, and thus limits theaccess rate of the traffic.

The default rule is that the red packets are discarded and the yellow and green packets are allowedto pass. The actions can also be manually set for the three-color packets.

NOTE

The token bucket is a technology used to realize the CAR functions. In IETF Recommendations, the singlerate three color marker (srTCM) or two rate three color marker (trTCM) algorithm is used to assess packets.According to the assessment result, the packets are marked with colors and labeled with different discardingpriorities. The PTN equipment adopts the trTCM algorithm.

Queue Scheduling

Packets are sent to queues of different grooming priorities by using different flow classificationmethods. After the flow classification, the equipment adopts a PQ + WFQ + SPL (that is, priorityqueuing + weighted fair queuing + Strict Priority-low) method to groom the queues. The PQmethod is adopted to groom the CS7, CS6, and EF packets. The WFQ method is adopted togroom the AF packets. The lowest priority is adopted to groom the BE packets.

Congestion Management

In the case of a congestion, the equipment discards packets by using the tail-drop method andthe weighted random early detect (WRED) method. The network congestion can be alleviatedby using these discarding methods.

In the tail-drop method, a buffer queue is used to buffer the packets, and the packet discardingpriorities are not distinguished during the buffering. When the buffer queue is full, packets thatcome thereafter are discarded.

In the WRED method, the discarding priorities (that is, colors) of packets can be detected.According to the discarding priorities, the upper threshold, lower threshold, and probability areset for the purposes of packet discarding. In this case, different discarding characteristics areprovided.

Traffic Shaping

The purpose of traffic shaping is to limit the traffic burst of outgoing packets of a network, andthus to transmit the packets out at a relatively even rate. In this way, congestion is prevented onthe downstream equipment, and fewer packets are discarded. The equipment adopts the generictraffic shaping (GTS) algorithm.

HQoS

The hierarchical QoS (HQoS) is a QoS technology that can both control the service traffic andgroom services according to their priorities. With the complete traffic statistics functionsprovided by the HQoS, the network administrator can supervise the bandwidth occupied by eachtype of service, and reasonably allocate the bandwidth for services by analyzing the traffic.

The traditional QoS grooms traffic on a port basis, but cannot groom traffic on a multiple-userand multiple-service basis. The HQoS, however, provides the multilevel grooming mode. In thismode, the HQoS provides differentiated QoSs for multiple services of multiple users.

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Compared with the traditional QoS, the HQoS has the following advantages:

l The multilevel grooming mechanism provides rich service capabilities.

l Parameters such as the maximum queue length and the WRED can be configured for a flowqueue.

l The CIR and PIR can be configured for each user.

The HQoS can be reflected as the hierarchical service grooming. Based on the HQoS, a networkcarrier can provide further classified service guarantees.

The HQoS function is implemented on the equipment at the network edge. The purpose of suchan implementation is to maintain a simple core network. In this case, not every piece ofequipment in the network is required to conduct the complex QoS processing. At the networkedge, the HQoS is implemented as seven levels of grooming: V-UNI+CoS, V-UNI, V-UNIgroup, PW+CoS, PW, Tunnel, and port+CoS. Table 5-3 lists the action points of the HQoS.

Table 5-3 HQoS action points at the access side and the network side of the equipment

ActionPoint

In the Ingress Direction In the Egress Direction

At theaccess side

V-UNI+CoS, V-UNI, and V-UNIgroup

V-UNI+CoS, V-UNI, V-UNI group,and port+CoS

At thenetworkside

PW+CoS, Tunnel, and PW Tunnel, and port+CoS

The HQoS support for accessed services is described as follows.

l The one-level CAR is supported for each service. The color marking is supported forpackets.

l The three-level (V-UNI+CoS, PW+CoS, and Port+CoS) grooming is supported for eachservice. Eight queues are supported for each level of grooming. The shaping and WREDfunctions are supported for the queues. Three of the eight queues are low-delay queues,and the other five are non-low-delay queues.

l For each service, the ingress NE supports up to four levels of bandwidth limitation, and theegress NE also supports up to four levels of bandwidth limitation.

5.10 IGMP SnoopingThe Internet group management protocol (IGMP) Snooping function is used to realize multicastdistribution.

The IGMP Snooping function is helpful in the following aspects.

l The network bandwidth is saved.

l Each VLAN is independently forwarded. Hence, the information security is increased.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following L2 IGMP Snooping functions.l The L2 IGMP Snooping function complies with RFC4541. The L2 IGMP Snooping can

analyze and process the IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 protocol packets. When the IGMP Snooping

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protocol is enabled and IGMPv3 protocol packets are received, the equipment forwards thepackets to all other ports in the VLAN of the packets, except the port receiving the packets.

l The L2 IGMP Snooping only applies to the E-LAN service rather than other types ofservices.

l The equipment supports the setting of the aging time of the router port.

l The equipment supports the setting of maximum non-response times.

l The equipment supports the setting of the allowed multicast groups for use and themaximum number of their members.

l The equipment supports addition of static router ports and member ports.

l The equipment supports the setting of the quick deletion function on the member port.

NOTE

For the static member, the quick deletion function cannot be set.

5.11 MSTP/RSTP/STPThe multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) is compatible with the spanning tree protocol (STP)and rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP). In addition, the MSTP rectifies the defects of the STPand RSTP. The MSTP supports fast reconfiguration and provides multiple paths for forwardingdata. During the data forwarding process, the VLAN data is of load balance. The MSTP complieswith IEEE 802.1s.

The MSTP divides a switching network into several domains. In each domain, several spanningtrees are formed and are independent from each other. Each spanning tree is called a multiplespanning tree instance (MSTI) and each domain is called a multiple spanning tree (MST) domain.The MSTP sets the VLAN mapping table, which specifies the mapping relation between VLANand MSTI, to connect the VLAN and MSTI.

Table 5-4 lists the comparison among the MSTP, STP and RSTP.

Table 5-4 Comparison among the MSTP, STP and RSTP

SpanningTreeProtocol

Feature Remarks

STP A spanning tree not of a loop isformed to prevent multicast storm andprovide redundant backup.

l The MSTP and RSTP arecompatible, and they can recognizeprotocol packets of each other.

l The STP does not recognize theMSTP packets. To be compatiblewith the STP, the MSTP sets twoworking modes, which are STP-compatible mode and MSTP mode.In the STP-compatible mode, eachport of the equipment transmitsSTP packets. In the MSTP mode,each port of the equipmenttransmits MSTP packets and hasthe MST functions.

RSTP l A spanning tree not of a loop isformed to prevent multicast stormand provide redundant backup.

l Fast reconfiguration.

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SpanningTreeProtocol

Feature Remarks

MSTP l A spanning tree not of a loop isformed to prevent multicast stormand provide redundant backup.

l Fast reconfiguration.

l Multiple spanning trees realizeload balance among VLANs.VLANs of different traffic volumeare forwarded to different paths.

l Generally, if a switch running theSTP is present in a switchingnetwork, the port of the equipmentconnected to the STP switchautomatically migrates from theMSTP mode to the STP-compatible mode.

l If the switch running the STP isremoved from the network, the portcannot automatically migrate fromthe STP-compatible mode back tothe MSTP mode.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following key MSTP specifications.

l MSTP topology aggregation time: In the case of a link failure, the aggregation time is lessthan 1s if the conditions are present for P/A mechanism and is equal to 2 x (Forward DelayTime) if the conditions do not exist for P/A mechanism.

l Each MST domain supports a maximum of 16 MSTIs.

l Each port group supports a maximum of 16 Ethernet ports.

l On the equipment that supports the MSTP, load balance is realized by setting the path costand port priority for different VLANs.– Ports in different spanning tree instances have different path cost. Proper path cost

makes the traffic of different VLANs forwarded along different physical links. In thisway, load balance is realized.

– In different spanning tree instances, one ports is of different priorities. In this way, oneport plays different roles in different MSTIs. As a result, the traffic of different VLANsare transmitted along different physical links. Hence, load balance is realized.

5.12 ACLTo filter data packets, the access control list (ACL) can be used to stipulate a series rules in order.The equipment classifies the received data packets according to the ACL rules and then forwardsor discards these packets.

The ACL is just a group of rules and cannot filter data packets. Instead, the ACL marks a classof data packets. How to process these packets, however, depends on the specific functions thatintroduce the ACL. For the OptiX PTN 3900, the ACL should be used with the flow classificationfunction to filter data packets. Figure 5-7 shows the details. The flow classification should becreated before the creation of ACL. The equipment supports self-defined ACL. The maximumnumber of ACLs supported by the OptiX PTN 3900 is 8k.

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Figure 5-7 ACL based on flow classification

Network A

Flow ID=2

Flow ID=1Network B

Internet

Enable

Disable

GE

GE

5.13 BFDThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) function. The Hellomechanism is used to detect states of Ethernet links.

The BFD is a simple Hello protocol, which is similar to the neighbor detection mechanism ofthe routing protocol in many aspects. A pair of systems periodically transmit the detectionpackets in the channels where inter-system talk is established. If a system does not receive anydetection packets in a certain time from the opposite end, it is determined that some part of thebidirectional channel connected to adjacent nodes is faulty.

The OptiX PTN 3900 adopts the asynchronous mode to perform BFD detection for Ethernetlinks. In the asynchronous mode, the equipment at both ends of a link periodically transmits theBFD control packets to each other. If the equipment does not receive any BFD control packetsin a long time from the opposite end, it is determined that the Ethernet link is faulty.

The OptiX PTN 3900 performs BFD at intervals of 1 second.

5.14 Synchronous Ethernet ClockThe OptiX PTN 3900 realizes the synchronous Ethernet clock on the Physical layer.

Synchronous Ethernet ClockThe synchronous Ethernet clock refers to a technology that achieves clock synchronization onthe physical layer of Ethernet and thus is similar to the SDH clock. The synchronization processof the synchronous Ethernet clock is as follows:

l The devices such as the primary reference clock (PRC) transfer clock signals to the NEthrough the external clock interface.

l NEs transfer the clock signals through the synchronous Ethernet among them.

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l The clock processing module of each NE extracts the clock signals from the serial bit streamon the Ethernet line and selects a clock source.

l The clock phase-locked loop traces one of the Ethernet line clocks and generates the systemclock.

l The system clock is used as the transmit clock on the physical layer of Ethernet to transportdata. In this way, the clock is transferred to the downstream.

NOTE

To achieve the synchronous Ethernet clock, each NE that the synchronization information traverses shouldsupport the synchronous Ethernet technology.

The synchronous Ethernet clock has the following features:l The synchronous Ethernet clock is easy to realize and is highly reliable.

l The synchronous Ethernet clock adopts the synchronization status information (SSM) toindicate clock quality and exclusive OAM packets to transfer the SSM.

Typical NetworkingThe OptiX PTN equipment constitutes a synchronous Ethernet, supports the synchronousEthernet interfaces and realizes synchronization on the physical layer of Ethernet. Figure 5-8shows the typical networking for synchronous Ethernet.

Figure 5-8 Typical networking for synchronous Ethernet

OptiX PTN 3900

OptiX PTN 1900

BSC

NodeB PRC

GE

FE

RNC

BTS

clock signal

In a synchronous Ethernet, the clock information from devices such as PRC is distributed to theOptiX PTN equipment that is connected to the base transceiver station (BTS) or WCDMA basestation (NodeB). Then, the OptiX PTN equipment extracts and transfers the clock signals to the

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BTS or NodeB, base station controller (BSC), and radio network controller (RNC) throughsynchronous Ethernet interfaces. In this way, the synchronous Ethernet clock is realized.

5.15 IEEE 1588 V2 ClockThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports the function of adopting the IEEE 1588 V2 protocol to realizeclock synchronization and time synchronization.

As a precision time protocol (PTP), the IEEE 1588 V2 protocol achieves the nanosecond-classprecision, which meets the requirement of 3G base stations.

NOTE

To achieve IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization, all NEs on the clock link should support the IEEE 1588V2 protocol.In the application of networking, the IEEE 1588 V2 clock can achieve the 1 microsecond precision.

BMC AlgorithmThe best master clock (BMC) algorithm compares data describing two clocks to determine whichdata describes the better clock, and selects the better clock as the clock source. The BMCalgorithm includes the following algorithms:

l Data set comparison algorithm: The NE determines which of the clocks is better, and selectsthe better clock as the clock source. If an NE receives two or more channels of clock signalsfrom the same grandmaster clock (GMC), the NE selects one channel of the clock signalsthat traverses the least number of nodes as the clock source.

l State decision algorithm: The state decision algorithm determines the next state of the portbased on the results of the data set comparison algorithm.

Clock ArchitectureFigure 5-9 shows the architecture of the IEEE 1588 V2 clock.

Figure 5-9 Architecture of the IEEE 1588 V2 clock

OC1GMC

TC1

TC2+OC2

OC3

TC3

OC4 OC5

1 BC1 2 3

BC1 1 2 3

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The OptiX PTN 3900 supports four models for the IEEE 1588 V2 clock architecture.

l Ordinary clock (OC): A clock that has a single IEEE 1588 V2 port and the clock needs tobe recovered. It may serve as a source of time, i.e. be a master clock, or may synchronizeto another clock, i.e. be a slave clock.

l Boundary clock (BC): A clock that has multiple IEEE 1588 V2 ports and the clock needsto be recovered. It may serve as the source of time, i.e. be a master clock, and maysynchronize to another clock, i.e. be a slave clock.

l Transparent clock (TC): A device that measures the time taken for a PTP event messageto transit the device and provides this information to clocks receiving this PTP eventmessage. That is, the clock device functions as an intermediate clock device to transparentlytransmit the clock and process the delay, but does not recover the clock.– End-to-end TC: A transparent clock that supports the use of the end-to-end delay

measurement mechanism between slave clocks and the master clock.– Peer-to-peer TC: A transparent clock that supports the use of the peer-to-peer delay

measurement mechanism.l TC+OC: A clock device corrects and transparently transmits the time stamps for the IEEE

1588 V2 packets, and realizes clock synchronization.

NOTE

l The end-to-end TC and peer-to-peer TC adopt different mechanisms to realize delay transmission, anddo not interwork on the same communication path. That is, the adjacent TC devices on the same timepath can adopt either the end-to-end TC or peer-to-peer TC, but they cannot adopt both at the sametime.

l Time Stamp (TS) is used to convey time information.

l PTP event messages are timed messages in that an accurate TS is generated both at transmission andreceipt.

Typical NetworkingBy using the IEEE 1588 V2 protocol, the OptiX PTN equipment can transfer the precise timeinformation to achieve clock synchronization and time synchronization for equipment in thenetwork. This meets the requirement of the telecommunications network for precise time. Figure5-10 shows the typical networking for IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization.

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Figure 5-10 Typical networking for IEEE 1588 V2 clock synchronization

Slave clock transfer trailOptiX PTN 3900

PRC

Master clock transfer trail

OptiX PTN 1900

NodeB

GE/10GE/STM-N

RNC

FE

GMC

BC/TC/TC+OC

BC

BC/TC/TC+OC/OC

BC/TC/TC+OC

BC/TC/TC+OC

BC/TC/TC+OC

Clock signals

NE1

In Figure 5-10, the PRC transfers clock signals to NE1 and RNC, which selects the PRC as theGMC according to the BMC algorithm. In this case, the PRC is of the OC model and only worksas the clock source. NE1 is of the BC model, in the case of the connected PRC, NE1 is the clocksink, in the case of the other connected OptiX PTN equipment, NE1 is a clock source. NE1transmits IEEE 1588 V2 packets to the other OptiX PTN equipment, which transfers the packetsdownstream. In this case, the other OptiX PTN equipment works in the BC, TC, TC+OC or OCmode.

If only one clock source is available for the network, the OptiX PTN equipment can work inBC, TC, or TC+OC mode to realize the following functions:

l In the BC mode, the OptiX PTN equipment selects the time source, recovers the systemtime of the local NE, and adopts the system time as the new time source to transmit thetime information downstream. When the intermediate NEs require time synchronization,this mode is applicable.

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l In the TC mode, the OptiX PTN equipment updates and transparently transmits the timestamps of the IEEE 1588 V2 packets, and transfers the time information downstream. Whenthe intermediate NEs do not require clock or time synchronization, this mode is applicable.

l In the TC+OC mode, the OptiX PTN equipment realizes the following functions:– Updates and transparently transmits the time stamps of the IEEE 1588 V2 packets, and

transfers the time information downstream.– Synchronizes the clock (not the time) for the local NE.

When the intermediate NEs require clock synchronization, this mode is applicable.l In the OC mode, the OptiX PTN equipment selects the time source and recovers the system

time of the local NE. In addition, the OptiX PTN equipment adopts the system time as thenew time source, and transmits the time information downstream through the external timeinterface. When the intermediate NEs are connected to the NodeB, this mode is applicable.

If multiple clock domains are in the network, the OptiX PTN equipment can work in the TC orTC+OC mode.

l In the case of different GMCs, the IEEE 1588 V2 packets must be transferred throughdifferent ports.

NOTE

The BC mode is not applicable to this case, because the NE in the BC mode synchronizes itself with onechannel of clock signals, which is selected as a clock source from the clock signals and is transferreddownstream. One of the clock sources is transferred downstream and the other clock signals are terminated.

NodeB receives time information from the external time interface of the OptiX PTN equipment,and synchronizes the time with RNC.

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6 Protection

About This Chapter

The OptiX PTN 3900 provides equipment level protection and network level protection.

6.1 Equipment Level ProtectionThe equipment level protection includes the 1+1 protection for the system control, TPSprotection, communication and auxiliary processing board (SCA), the 1+1 protection for thecross-connect and timing board (XCS), the 1+1 protection for the power supply, and theprotection for fans.

6.2 Network Level ProtectionThe network level protection includes the MPLS Tunnel 1+1 and 1:1 protection, the LMSPprotection, the FRR protection, the Ethernet LAG protection, the spanning tree protection, thepacket E1 ML-PPP protection and the IMA protection.

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6.1 Equipment Level ProtectionThe equipment level protection includes the 1+1 protection for the system control, TPSprotection, communication and auxiliary processing board (SCA), the 1+1 protection for thecross-connect and timing board (XCS), the 1+1 protection for the power supply, and theprotection for fans.

6.1.1 TPS ProtectionThe TPS protection scheme protects the MP1 board and the E1 service sub-board on it. Whenan MP1 board or the service sub-board on it has a hardware failure, the signal flow from theinterface board is switched, by software and hardware operations, to a normal MP1 board thatis specially used for protection. In this way, the faulty service sub-board is protected. The TPSprotection scheme is able to protect E1 physical links. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports a maximumof two groups of 1: N (N≤4) TPS protection.

6.1.2 1+1 Protection for the SCA BoardThe 1+1 protection for the SCA board is provided when two SCA boards are installed on theequipment. When the software or hardware of the working SCA is faulty, or when the workingand protection SCAs receive a switching command, the SCA working/protection switchingoccurs. In this way, the protection for the SCA is realized.

6.1.3 1+1 Protection for the Cross-Connect and Timing BoardThe 1+1 protection for the cross-connect and timing board is provided when the equipment isinstalled with two cross-connect and timing boards. When the software or hardware of theworking board is faulty, or when the working and protection boards receive a switchingcommand, the working/protection switching occurs. In this way, the protection for the cross-connect and timing board is realized.

6.1.4 1+1 Protection for the PIUTwo power interface units (PIU) that provide hot backup for each other are installed on theequipment. When one PIU fails, the equipment can still function properly.

6.1.1 TPS ProtectionThe TPS protection scheme protects the MP1 board and the E1 service sub-board on it. Whenan MP1 board or the service sub-board on it has a hardware failure, the signal flow from theinterface board is switched, by software and hardware operations, to a normal MP1 board thatis specially used for protection. In this way, the faulty service sub-board is protected. The TPSprotection scheme is able to protect E1 physical links. The OptiX PTN 3900 supports a maximumof two groups of 1: N (N≤4) TPS protection.

Protection Schemes and Supported BoardsThe equipment supports TPS protection for E1 physical links. Table 6-1 lists the TPS protectionschemes and supported boards.

Table 6-1 E1 TPS protection schemes and supported boards

Protection Scheme Supported Boards

Two 1:N (N≤4) protection groups MD1+MP1, MQ1+MP1

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Table 6-2 lists the mapping relations between working and protection slots in TPS protection.

Table 6-2 Mapping relations between working and protection slots in TPS protection

Working Slot Protection Slot Interface Board Slot

Slots 1, 2, 3, and 4 Slot 5 Slots 19-26

Slots 15, 16, 17, and 18 Slot 14 Slots 31-38

TPS Protection ParametersTable 6-3 lists the TPS protection parameters.

Table 6-3 TPS protection parameters

Parameter Description

Priority 0-3, among which 0 is the highest priority.

Switching type Lock/unlock, forced switching, manual switching,automatic switching.

Switching condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching:l The clock of the working board is lost.

l The working board is offline.

l The working board is in a cold reset.

l The working board has a hardware failure.

l A switching command is issued.

Switching time In the case of TPS switching, the restoration time for the E1physical link is less than 50 ms.

Revertive mode Revertive.

WTR time 300s to 720s. A WTR time of 600s is recommended.

6.1.2 1+1 Protection for the SCA BoardThe 1+1 protection for the SCA board is provided when two SCA boards are installed on theequipment. When the software or hardware of the working SCA is faulty, or when the workingand protection SCAs receive a switching command, the SCA working/protection switchingoccurs. In this way, the protection for the SCA is realized.

On the OptiX PTN 3900, the valid slots for the SCA are slots 29 and 30.

Table 6-4 lists the SCA 1+1 protection parameters of the OptiX PTN 3900.

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Table 6-4 1+1 protection parameters of the SCA board

Parameter Description

Slots for boards Slots 29 and 30.

Switching condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching:l The working board has a failure.

l A switching command is manually issued.

l The working board is removed.

l Both ejector levers on the front panel of the working boardare rotated to the open position

l The working board is in a warm reset.

l The working board is in a cold reset.

Revertive mode Non-revertive

6.1.3 1+1 Protection for the Cross-Connect and Timing BoardThe 1+1 protection for the cross-connect and timing board is provided when the equipment isinstalled with two cross-connect and timing boards. When the software or hardware of theworking board is faulty, or when the working and protection boards receive a switchingcommand, the working/protection switching occurs. In this way, the protection for the cross-connect and timing board is realized.

The cross-connect and timing board for the OptiX PTN 3900 is the XCS, valid slots of whichare slots 9 and 10.

Table 6-5 lists the 1+1 protection parameters of the cross-connect and timing board.

Table 6-5 1+1 protection parameters of the cross-connect and timing board

Parameter Description

Slots for boards Slot 9 and slot 10

Switching condition Any of the following conditions triggers the switching:l The working board has a failure.

l A switching command is manually issued.

l The working board is removed.

l Both ejector levers on the front panel of the working boardare rotated to the open position

l The working board is in a cold reset.

Revertive mode Non-revertive

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6.1.4 1+1 Protection for the PIUTwo power interface units (PIU) that provide hot backup for each other are installed on theequipment. When one PIU fails, the equipment can still function properly.

The PIU accesses -48 V or -60 V power supply for the OptiX PTN 3900. The PIU boards areinstalled in slot 27 and slot 28. The two PIU boards provide hot backup for each other.

6.2 Network Level ProtectionThe network level protection includes the MPLS Tunnel 1+1 and 1:1 protection, the LMSPprotection, the FRR protection, the Ethernet LAG protection, the spanning tree protection, thepacket E1 ML-PPP protection and the IMA protection.

6.2.1 MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 ProtectionIn the MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 protection, the protection path protects the service that is transportedin the working path. When the working path is faulty, the service is switched to the protectionpath. The 1+1 protection adopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism, and the 1:1protection adopts the single fed and single receiving mechanism.

6.2.2 FRR ProtectionFast reroute (FRR) is a feature of MPLS, and provides fast local protection. FRR is usuallydeployed in a network that requires high reliability. When a local failure occurs in the network,FRR is able to quickly switch the services to a bypass tunnel. In this case, the impact on dataservices is very small.

6.2.3 Ethernet LAG ProtectionLink aggregation means that a group of physical Ethernet ports with the same bit rate are bundledtogether to form a logical port (LAG). In this way, link aggregation increases the bandwidth andprovides link protection. OptiX PTN 3900 supports LAG protection for the Ethernet UNI ports.

6.2.4 Ethernet Spanning Tree ProtectionThe multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) can be used to prevent a loop. Using an algorithm,the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. Inthis case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets, which can cause a broadcast storm,is prevented in the loop network. The major difference between the MSTP and STP/RSTPprotocols is that the MSTP protocol can forward data based on VLAN ID and thus realizes theload balancing.

6.2.5 LMSP ProtectionIn the LMSP protection, the protection path protects the service that is transported in the workingpath. When the working path is faulty, the service is switched to the protection path. The LMSPprotection includes the 1+1 LMSP, 1:1 LMSP and 1:N (2≤N≤7) LMSP. The 1+1 protectionadopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism, and the 1:1/1:N protection adopts thesingle fed and single receiving mechanism. These protection schemes are mainly used for thechannelized STM-1 port, the ATM STM-1 port and the POS port. The 1:N LMSP is supportedby the AFO1 board.

6.2.6 Packet E1 ML-PPP ProtectionMultilink PPP (ML-PPP) indicates that several PPP channels are bundled to increase thebandwidth, to share the loading and to provide backup. ML-PPP protection indicates that theservices at the network side can be transmitted in bundled PPP channels. In this way, the loadof the board ports at the network side can be shared and protected.

6.2.7 IMA Protection

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Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) demultiplexes a concentrated flow of ATM cells intomultiple lower-rate links, and at the remote end multiplexes these lower-rate links to recover asthe same sequence as the original concentrated flow of ATM cells. In this way, multiple lower-rate links are flexibly and conveniently multiplexed.

6.2.1 MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 ProtectionIn the MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 protection, the protection path protects the service that is transportedin the working path. When the working path is faulty, the service is switched to the protectionpath. The 1+1 protection adopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism, and the 1:1protection adopts the single fed and single receiving mechanism.

In the MPLS protection, the extended APS protocol information is transported through theprotection path. The equipment at the two ends exchanges the protocol state information and theswitching state information. According to the protocol state and switching state, the equipmentat the two ends performs the service switching.

The MPLS protection complies with ITU-T G.8131.

MPLS 1+1 Protection

Figure 6-1 shows the MPLS 1+1 protection supported by the equipment.

Figure 6-1 MPLS 1+1 protection

Subnetwork

Service detection point Service detection point

Working path

Protection path/protocol path

Access Cross-connect

Processing board

Subnetwork

AccessCross-connect

Processing board Processing board

Processing board

The MPLS 1+1 protection adopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism for services.When the working path is faulty, the receive end selects the service from the protection path. Inthis way, the service switching is realized.

l Detection method:– Physical layer check: At the physical layer, the loss of signal is detected in

microseconds.– Link layer check: The link layer check is performed through the MPLS OAM. If the

MPLS OAM check time is 3.3 ms, it ensures that the MPLS automatic switching timeis less than 50 ms.

l Switching process: The receive end selects the service channel according to the link status.

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MPLS 1:1 Protection

Figure 6-2 shows the MPLS 1:1 protection supported by the equipment.

Figure 6-2 MPLS 1:1 protection

Subnetwork

Service detection point Service detection point

Working path

Protection path

Access Cross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

Subnetwork

AccessCross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

Protocol path

In the MPLS 1:1 protection, the accessed service is transported in the working path. When theworking path is faulty, the service is switched to the protection path. The single fed and singlereceiving mechanism is used for the service. The extended APS protocol information istransported through the protection path. The equipment at the two ends exchanges the protocolstate information and the switching state information. According to the protocol state andswitching state, the equipment at the two ends performs the service switching.

l Detection method:– Physical layer check: At the physical layer, the loss of signal is detected in

microseconds.– Link layer check: The link layer check is performed through the MPLS OAM. If the

MPLS OAM check time is 3.3 ms, it ensures that the MPLS automatic switching timeis less than 50 ms.

l Switching process: After a negotiation using the extended APS protocol, the transmit endswitches the service to the protection path, and the receive end selects the service from theprotection path.

Protection Parameters

Table 6-6 lists the parameters of the MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 protection.

Table 6-6 MPLS 1+1 and 1:1 protection parameters

SwitchingType

RevertiveMode

SwitchingProtocol

SwitchingTime

SwitchingDelay Time

Default WTRTime

1+1 single-endedswitching

Non-revertive

ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

-

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SwitchingType

RevertiveMode

SwitchingProtocol

SwitchingTime

SwitchingDelay Time

Default WTRTime

1+1 dual-endedswitching

Non-revertive

ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0 bydefault)

-

1+1 single-endedswitching

Revertive ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0 bydefault)

300s

1+1 dual-endedswitching

Revertive ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0 bydefault)

300s

1:1 dual-endedswitching

Non-revertive

ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0 bydefault)

-

1:1 dual-endedswitching

Revertive ExtendedAPS

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0 bydefault)

300s

Any of the following conditions triggers the switching:l The board has a failure.

l The board is in a cold reset.

l A switching command is manually issued.

l The physical link is faulty.

l LSP fault is detected by MPLS OAM.

6.2.2 FRR ProtectionFast reroute (FRR) is a feature of MPLS, and provides fast local protection. FRR is usuallydeployed in a network that requires high reliability. When a local failure occurs in the network,FRR is able to quickly switch the services to a bypass tunnel. In this case, the impact on dataservices is very small.

Basic Concepts of FRR

The basic concepts of FRR are described as follows.

l Detour mode: Refers to one-to-one backup. In the detour mode, LSPs are protectedseparately, that is, one protection LSP is specially created for each protected LSP. Thisprotection LSP is called a detour LSP.

l Bypass mode: Refers to facility backup. In the bypass mode, one protection LSP is used toprotect multiple LSPs. This protection LSP is called a bypass LSP.

l PLR: Refers to point of local repair. The PLR is the ingress node of a detour LSP or bypassLSP. The PLR must be on the route of the working LSP, and cannot be the egress node ofthe working LSP.

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l MP: Refers to merge point. The MP is the egress node of a detour LSP or bypass LSP. TheMP must be on the working LSP, and cannot be the ingress node.

l Link protection: In link protection, a direct link connection exists between the PLR and theMP, and the working LSP passes through this link. When this link fails, the services canbe switched to a detour LSP or bypass LSP.

l Node protection: In node protection, the PLR and the MP are connected through anintermediate node, and the working tunnel passes through this node. When this node fails,the services can be switched to a detour LSP or bypass LSP.

FRR protection complies with RFC 4090.

FRR Protection PrincipleFRR provides protection for links or nodes that are between the PLR and the MP, and connectedto the PLR. The basic principle of FRR protection is to use a preconfigured tunnel to protect oneor multiple tunnels. The equipment supports the bypass mode.

A bypass tunnel refers to a non-FRR-protected tunnel that is designated to protect other tunnelswhich pass through a certain physical interface. A bypass tunnel is triggered by manualconfiguration at the PLR. The configuration of a bypass tunnel is similar to that of a commontunnel. The only difference is that the bypass tunnel cannot be configured with the FRR attribute.That is, embedded protection is not allowed for a tunnel.

Service restoration time: Less than 50 ms

Figure 6-3 shows the FRR protection.

Figure 6-3 FRR protection

AB

C

D E

F

MPPLR

In Figure 6-3, the working tunnel is marked in blue, and the bypass tunnel is marked in red.FRR protects the B-C link and node C, which are connected to the PLR. When link B-C or nodeC fails, the data on the working tunnel is switched to the bypass tunnel. After the switching, theoriginal path information between the PLR and the MP is deleted.

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6.2.3 Ethernet LAG ProtectionLink aggregation means that a group of physical Ethernet ports with the same bit rate are bundledtogether to form a logical port (LAG). In this way, link aggregation increases the bandwidth andprovides link protection. OptiX PTN 3900 supports LAG protection for the Ethernet UNI ports.

The Ethernet LAG protection can realize the load sharing and the non load sharing among ports.In this case, the bundled links are not distinguished by the working and protection attributes.The system provides inter-board and intra-board LAG protection. When any link is faulty, theservice packets are transported to other links.

Figure 6-4 shows the Ethernet LAG protection supported by the equipment.

Figure 6-4 Ethernet LAG protection

Service detection point Service detection point

Access Cross-connect

Ethernet board

AccessCross-connect

Ethernet board

Ethernet board

Ethernet board

......

Intra-board LAGprotection

Inter-board LAGprotection

Link aggregation has the following advantages:

l The link bandwidth is increased.

l The link reliability is improved. When a link is invalid, other links share the services.

l Load sharing is provided. The links in a link aggregation group (LAG) share the load.

The equipment supports the following two link aggregation modes:

l Manual aggregation

l Static aggregation

For failed links, the equipment supports the following revertive modes:

l Revertive

l Non-revertive

The equipment supports the following sharing modes:

l Load sharing

l Non load sharing

The equipment supports the priority setting for the ports in an LAG.

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The equipment supports the inter-board and intra-board LAG protection.

Manual AggregationThe manual bundling of ports does not require the link aggregation control protocol (LACP),and does not require the exchange of protocol packets. In manual aggregation, the aggregationof ports is manually specified by the administrator.

On the OptiX PTN 3900, multiple physical Ethernet ports can be bundled as one logical port.With the port bundling technology, the transmission bandwidth between two equipment can beincreased without a hardware expansion, and the link reliability is also improved.

After the setting of an LAG, the equipment automatically enables the load sharing among thephysical ports that are bundled as a logical port. When one physical port fails, and if the loadsharing is enabled, the traffic on the faulty port is automatically shared by other physical ports.When the faulty port recovers, the traffic is reallocated to ensure that the load is shared amongall ports.

After the setting of an LAG, if the non loading sharing mode is adopted, only one member linkhas traffic and the other member links are in the standby state. In fact, this provides a hot standbyscheme. When the active member link fails, the system activates one of the standby memberlinks to shield the link failure.

Static AggregationThe static aggregation of links requires the LACP protocol. In static aggregation, the automaticmaintenance of aggregated ports is realized through the exchange of protocol packets. Theadministrator, however, is still responsible for creating an LAG and adding member links intothe LAG. Furthermore, the LACP protocol cannot change the configuration information of theadministrator.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the LACP protocol that complies with IEEE 802.3ad. Byexchanging LACP packets, two interconnected equipment negotiate which ports can be used toforward data, and thus determine whether an egress port is in the selected or standby state.

The LACP protocol maintains the link state according to the port state. When aggregationconditions change, the link aggregation is automatically adjusted or dismantled. Among themember links of an LAG, the load sharing or non load sharing modes can function based onports, MAC addresses, IP addresses, or MPLS labels.

6.2.4 Ethernet Spanning Tree ProtectionThe multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) can be used to prevent a loop. Using an algorithm,the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. Inthis case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets, which can cause a broadcast storm,is prevented in the loop network. The major difference between the MSTP and STP/RSTPprotocols is that the MSTP protocol can forward data based on VLAN ID and thus realizes theload balancing.

The MSTP supported by the equipment is compliant with IEEE 802.1s, and is compatible withthe STP and RSTP. For the difference between the MSTP and the STP/RSTP, see Table 5-4.

The MSTP adopts the concepts of region and instance. The MSTP divides a switching networkinto different regions as required. Multiple independent spanning trees are generated in eachregion. Each spanning tree is referred to as a multiple spanning tree instance (MSTI), and eachregion is referred to as an MST region. The MSTP determines the mapping relations between

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VLANs and MSTIs by setting a VLAN mapping table (that is, a VLAN and MSTI mappingrelation table). Each instance is mapped to one VLAN or a group of VLANs.

NOTE

l Instance: Equipment that runs the MSTP may have multiple spanning trees at the same time. Eachspanning tree is referred to as a multiple spanning tree instance. In this way, these spanning trees canbe distinguished.

l Region: A region refers to a group of interconnected switching equipment that have the same VLAN-to-instance mapping relations.

Bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) that carry region and instance information are transmittedamong equipment. According to the BPDU information, the equipment determines whether itbelongs to a specific region. Several spanning tree instances can be run within a region, and onlyone spanning tree can be run among regions.

Figure 6-5 shows a switching network that has multiple VLANs.

Figure 6-5 Switching network with multiple VLANs

ROOT

ROOT

ROOT

10, 20, 30

10, 30 10, 30

20

10

30

10, 20

20, 30

NE1

NE2

NE3 NE4

NE5

After the MSTP begins running, each VLAN has an independent MST. See Figure 6-6.

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Figure 6-6 Network topology after the MSTP begins running

VLAN 10 VLAN 20

ROOT

ROOT

VLAN 30

ROOTNE1

NE2

NE3 NE4

NE5

NE1

NE2

NE3 NE4

NE5

NE1

NE2

NE3 NE4

NE5

As each instance is mapped to one VLAN or a group of VLANs, the MSTP can forward databased on VLAN packets and thus realizes the load balancing for VLAN data. In this case, aperfect integration of the RSTP and VLAN is achieved.

6.2.5 LMSP ProtectionIn the LMSP protection, the protection path protects the service that is transported in the workingpath. When the working path is faulty, the service is switched to the protection path. The LMSPprotection includes the 1+1 LMSP, 1:1 LMSP and 1:N (2≤N≤7) LMSP. The 1+1 protectionadopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism, and the 1:1/1:N protection adopts thesingle fed and single receiving mechanism. These protection schemes are mainly used for thechannelized STM-1 port, the ATM STM-1 port and the POS port. The 1:N LMSP is supportedby the AFO1 board.

LMSP 1+1 ProtectionFigure 6-7 shows the LMSP 1+1 protection supported by the equipment.

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Figure 6-7 LMSP 1+1 protection

Service detection point Service detection point

Working path

Protection path

Cross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

Cross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

The LMSP 1+1 protection adopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism for services.When the working path is faulty, the receive end selects the service from the protection path. Inthis way, the service switching is realized.

l Detection method: The LOS alarm, LOF alarm, MS_AIS alarm, or B2_SD, B2_EXC aredetected at the physical layer.

l Switching process: The receive end selects the service according to the line state.

LMSP 1:1/1:N ProtectionFigure 6-8 shows the LMSP 1:1/1:N protection supported by the equipment.

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Figure 6-8 LMSP 1:1/1:N protection

Service detection pointWorking path

Protection path

Cross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

Cross-connect

Processing board

Processing board

Service detection point

In the LMSP 1:1/1:N protection, the service is transported in the working path. When the workingpath is faulty, the service is switched to the protection path. The single fed and single receivingmechanism is used for the service. The APS protocol information is transported through theprotection path. The equipment at the two ends exchanges the protocol state information and theswitching state information. According to the protocol state and switching state, the equipmentat the two ends performs the service switching.

l Detection method: The LOS alarm, LOF alarm, MS_AIS alarm, or B2_SD, B2_EXC aredetected at the physical layer.

l Switching process: After a negotiation using the APS protocol, the transmit end switchesthe service to the protection path, and the receive end selects the service from the protectionpath.

Protection ParametersTable 6-7 lists the parameters of the LMSP protection.

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Table 6-7 LMSP protection parameters

SwitchingType

RevertiveMode

SwitchingProtocol

SwitchingTime

SwitchingDelay Time

Default WTRTime

1+1 single-endedswitching

Non-revertive

Notrequired

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

-

1+1 dual-endedswitching

Non-revertive

APS ≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

-

1+1 single-endedswitching

Revertive Notrequired

≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

300s

1+1 dual-endedswitching

Revertive APS ≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

300s

1:1 dual-endedswitching

Revertive APS ≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

300s

1:N dual-endedswitching

Revertive APS ≤ 50 ms 0s to 10s (0s bydefault)

300s

Any of the following conditions triggers the switching:l The board has a failure.

l The board is in a cold reset.

l A switching command is manually issued.

l The physical link is faulty.

6.2.6 Packet E1 ML-PPP ProtectionMultilink PPP (ML-PPP) indicates that several PPP channels are bundled to increase thebandwidth, to share the loading and to provide backup. ML-PPP protection indicates that theservices at the network side can be transmitted in bundled PPP channels. In this way, the loadof the board ports at the network side can be shared and protected.

Figure 6-9 shows the packet E1 ML-PPP protection.

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Figure 6-9 Packet E1 ML-PPP protection

Access

Processing board Processing board

Cross-connect Cross-connectAccess

Link

Link

...

Service detection point Service detection point

After the service signals are accessed, the cross-connect board cross-connects the signals to theprocessing board, which uses the allocated bundled links to transmit the signals. In this way, theload of board ports at the network side is shared and protected. The links all share the serviceload and no one is standby.

ML-PPP is a intra-board protection scheme. If any link fails, the service load is shared by otherlinks for transmission.

l Detection method:

– At the physical layer, the loss of signal and the AIS, RDI state are detected inmicroseconds.

– At the link layer, the detection is performed by the ML-PPP protocol in milliseconds.

l Switching process: The receive end selects the service according to the link state.

6.2.7 IMA ProtectionInverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) demultiplexes a concentrated flow of ATM cells intomultiple lower-rate links, and at the remote end multiplexes these lower-rate links to recover asthe same sequence as the original concentrated flow of ATM cells. In this way, multiple lower-rate links are flexibly and conveniently multiplexed.

IMA is applicable for transmitting ATM cells through E1 ports and channelized VC12 links.IMA provides a path for ATM cells, but does not process the service types or ATM cells. Hence,IMA transparently transmit signals of the ATM layer and a higher layer. Figure 6-10 shows theIMA transmission.

Figure 6-10 IMA transmission

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

IMA group

ATM cell flow ATM cell flow

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In the case of the IMA protection, cells are distributed to other normal links for transport if onelink in the IMA group fails. In this case, services are protected.

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7 Operation, Administration and Maintenance

About This Chapter

The OptiX PTN 3900 provides powerful functions of operation, administration and maintenance.

7.1 OAM CapabilityThe boards and functions of the OptiX PTN 3900 are designed according to customerrequirements for operation and maintenance. Hence, the equipment provides powerfulmaintenance capabilities.

7.2 T2000 Network Management SystemThe T2000 is used to manage the OptiX PTN 3900.

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7.1 OAM CapabilityThe boards and functions of the OptiX PTN 3900 are designed according to customerrequirements for operation and maintenance. Hence, the equipment provides powerfulmaintenance capabilities.

7.1.1 Operation and Configuration ToolsUsers can use the OptiX iManager T2000 to operate and configure the OptiX PTN 3900.

7.1.2 Monitoring and MaintenanceThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports several monitoring and maintenance functions.

7.1.3 Diagnosis and DebuggingThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the function of diagnosis and debugging of the system hardwareand software faults.

7.1.4 Expansion and UpgradeThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports capacity expansion by adding new boards or replacing boards,and provides several upgrade schemes.

7.1.1 Operation and Configuration ToolsUsers can use the OptiX iManager T2000 to operate and configure the OptiX PTN 3900.

T2000: Users can use the OptiX iManager T2000 transport network management system (T2000for short) to perform network level configuration, especially service configuration. The T2000supports software package loading and collection of information on faults. For details on theT2000, refer to 7.2 T2000 Network Management System.

7.1.2 Monitoring and MaintenanceThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports several monitoring and maintenance functions.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports the following monitoring and maintenance functions.

l Each board has running status and alarm indicators, which are used for the networkadministrator to locate and handle faults in time.

l The equipment provides functions such as alarm management and alarm filtering.

l The equipment supports automatic laser shutdown. (The Ethernet interface does not supportthis function.)

l The equipment supports software upgrade without affecting services.

l The equipment supports in-service backup and loading of the database.

l The equipment supports restoration of the system configuration from the database.

l The equipment supports MPLS OAM and Ethernet OAM.

l The equipment supports the non-stop forwarding (NSF) function.

l The equipment supports inband management DCN.

l The T2000 can be used to dynamically monitor the running status, alarms and performanceof each NE in the network.

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l The equipment supports package loading and remote loading of the board software and NEsoftware, and provides functions of anti-mistake loading and resuming interrupted filetransfer.

7.1.3 Diagnosis and DebuggingThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the function of diagnosis and debugging of the system hardwareand software faults.

The OptiX PTN 3900 uses the following network connectivity test schemes to provide thediagnosis and debugging functions.

l MPLS layer connectivity test scheme:– LSP Ping– PW CVVC Ping– TraceRoute– MPLS OAM

l ETH layer connectivity test scheme:– Loopback (LB) test– Link trace (LT) test– Continuity check (CC)

7.1.4 Expansion and UpgradeThe OptiX PTN 3900 supports capacity expansion by adding new boards or replacing boards,and provides several upgrade schemes.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports insertion of new boards and replacement of boards for expansion.

For the upgrade of the OptiX PTN 3900, working and protection SCA boards should be used.The working/protection backup ensures that no services are interrupted during the upgrade.

If the XCS boards are of working/protection backup when the board software is upgraded,services are generally not interrupted or only interrupted for less than 50 ms. After one serviceboard is replaced, as required, with another service board of the same type, the new boardautomatically copies the service configuration of the replaced board. Hence, servicereconfiguration is not necessary.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports anti-mistake software loading and version rollback in the caseof upgrade failure. The upgrade process is reversible.

NOTE

Rollback indicates that the original software version and service configuration can be recovered in the caseof upgrade failure. The new software covers the original software only after the upgrade succeeds.

7.2 T2000 Network Management SystemThe T2000 is used to manage the OptiX PTN 3900.

In compliance with ITU-T Recommendations, the T2000 applies the standard managementinformation model and object-oriented management technology. The T2000 exchangesinformation with the NE software through the communication module, to implement monitoringand management over the network equipment.

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The T2000 software runs on a workstation or a PC. The T2000 enables the user not only tooperate and maintain transmission equipment, but also to manage the transmission network. TheT2000 software has the following management functions.

Alarm and Performance ManagementThe T2000 realizes the following alarm management functions: real-time collection, prompting,filtering, browsing, acknowledgement, check, clearing, counting, alarm insertion, alarmcorrelation analysis, and fault diagnosis.

l Automatically reports alarms and performs alarm consistency check.

l Checks and deletes alarms.

l Clears and filters current or history alarms of an NE, and filters abnormal performanceevents.

l Stores the alarm data.

Configuration ManagementThe configuration management function enables users to configure and manage interfaces,clock, services, tunnels, protection and NE time.

l Creates or deletes network entities.

l Creates or changes fibers.

l Sets or modifies NE attributes, and delivers configuration.

l Configures interface attributes.

l Configures tunnels and protection.

l Configures OAM.

l Configures services.

l Configures clock sources.

l Uploads configuration data or checks data consistency.

l Checks NE information.

Maintenance ManagementFor the maintenance management, several schemes are provided to help maintenance personnelto locate and clear equipment faults.

l Sets loopback.

l Sets the NE timing synchronization scheme.

l Resets boards or NE software.

l Sets automatic laser shutdown. (The Ethernet interface does not support this function.)

l Starts performance monitoring.

l Backs up the NE database.

Security ManagementThe T2000 can use several schemes to manage the NE security.

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l NE user management.

l NE login management.

l NE login lockout.

l NE setting lockout.

l NE user group management.

l NE security parameters.

l NE security log.

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8 Security Management

About This Chapter

The T2000 uses many schemes to manage the security of the OptiX PTN 3900 NE. The NEsecurity management takes effect on the basis of the reasonable planning.

8.1 Authentication ManagementConsidering the security, only the legal user can log in to the NE after authentication.

8.2 Authorization ManagementProper authority assignment to different NE users can ensure the successful operationsperformed by each user and the security of the NE system.

8.3 Network Security ManagementSafe data transmission between the T2000 and NEs is the prerequisite for the T2000 to effectivelymanage the NEs.

8.4 System Security ManagementConsidering the security, the system provides some security policies, which must be executedforcibly.

8.5 NE Security Log ManagementThe NE security logs record the operations performed by all the NE users and the operationresults. By querying these logs, the administrator can trace and review the operations.

8.6 Syslog ManagementThe system log service (Syslog service) is used for the security management on an NE. Forunified control by maintenance engineers, all types of information are transmitted to the logserver in the format complying with the system log (Syslog) protocol.

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8.1 Authentication ManagementConsidering the security, only the legal user can log in to the NE after authentication.l NE login management: You can successfully log in to the NE only by entering a valid user

name and a valid password.l NE user switching: On a client, only one user is allowed to operate the NE each time. For

this reason, if multiple users intend to operate the same NE simultaneously, they need tobe switched to ensure that the data is unique.

l Forcibly making other users exit from the NE: To avoid errors caused by simultaneousconfiguration by multiple users, or to prevent other users from illegally logging in to theNE, one user can forcibly make other users who are at lower level exit from the NE.

l NE login locking: After the locking function is enabled, a user whose level is lower thanthat of the current user is not allowed to log in to the NE.

l NE setting locking: You can lock the settings of functional modules of the NE to preventother users from operating the locked modules.

l Query the online NE users.

8.2 Authorization ManagementProper authority assignment to different NE users can ensure the successful operationsperformed by each user and the security of the NE system.l NE user management:

– According to the operation authorities, NE users are divided into five levels, whichinvolve monitoring level, operation level, maintenance level, system level, anddebugging level in an ascending order.

– According to the T2000, NE users are classified into LCT NE users, EMS NE users,CMD NE users, and general NE users.

– Create NE users, assign authorities, or specify a user flag.

– Modify the user name, change the password, modify the operation authority, or changethe user flag.

– Delete NE users.

l NE user group management:– According to the operation authority, by default, NE user groups are divided into

administrator group, super administrator group, operator group, monitoring personnelgroup, and maintenance personnel group.

– Modify the group of a user.

8.3 Network Security ManagementSafe data transmission between the T2000 and NEs is the prerequisite for the T2000 to effectivelymanage the NEs.l Set the ACL rule to filter the received IP packets, control the data traffic in the network,

and to avoid malicious attack. According to the system security level, the ACL rule isdivided into basic ACL and advanced ACL.

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– For an NE that requires lower security level, you can set the basic ACL rule only tocheck the source address of the IP packets.

– For an NE that requires higher security level, you can set the advanced ACL rule. Inthis case, the NE checks the source address, sink address, source port, sink port, andprotocol type of the received IP packets.

– If both the advanced and the basic ACL rules are available, the NE adopts the advancedACL rule to check the packets.

– Query the ACL rule.– Modify the ACL rule.– Delete the ACL rule.

l An NE can access the T2000 by using any of the following methods:– Access over the Ethernet port (ETH port and EXT port). By default, an NE connects to

the T2000 over the Ethernet port.– Access through the serial interface.

l Control the access to NEs by using LCT: If the T2000-LCT needs to be used to manageNEs, you can enable the LCT access authority allowed by the NE on the T2000.

l When the T2000 communicates with an NE, confidential data (such as user name andpassword) is encrypted.

8.4 System Security ManagementConsidering the security, the system provides some security policies, which must be executedforcibly.l Query or set the Warning Screen information of the NE.

l Query and set the Warning Screen switch of the NE to decide whether to report an alarmafter a user logs in to the NE.

l Query or set the earliest expiry time and the latest expiry time of the password.

l Query or set the maximum number of illegal login attempts.

l Query or set the maximum number of overdue password attempts.

l Query or set the password uniqueness.

8.5 NE Security Log ManagementThe NE security logs record the operations performed by all the NE users and the operationresults. By querying these logs, the administrator can trace and review the operations.l Query the security logs of the NE.

l Set forwarding NE logs to the Syslog Server.

8.6 Syslog ManagementThe system log service (Syslog service) is used for the security management on an NE. Forunified control by maintenance engineers, all types of information are transmitted to the logserver in the format complying with the system log (Syslog) protocol.

The OptiX PTN 3900 supports:

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l Enabling and disabling of Syslog protocol

l Setting of Syslog protocol transmit modes: UDP (by default) and TCP

l Adding and deletion of Syslog servers

l Coexisting of multiple Syslog servers and the sending of logs to multiple servers at thesame time

l Reporting of alarms upon the communication disconnection between the Syslog server andthe NE

Figure 8-1 shows how the Syslog protocol is transmitted in a network. To ensure the securityof system logs, make sure that at least two system log servers are available in a network.Normally, IP protocol is used for the communication between the NE and the system log servers.The communication between NEs can be realized through several methods, for example, ECCmode or IP over DCC mode.

Figure 8-1 Schematic diagram of Syslog protocol transmitting

DCN

NE A (client) NE C

(client)

NE B

NE D

NMS

Syslog server A

Syslog server BReal time

security log

TCP/IP

NOTE

Normally, a system log server is a workstation or server that is dedicated to storing the system logs of allNEs in a network.

A forwarding gateway NE receives the system logs of other NEs and forwards the logs to the system logserver. In Figure 8-1, NE A and NE C are forwarding gateway NEs.

When IP protocol is adopted on each NE for communication, every NE can directly communicatewith the two system log servers through the IP protocol. Hence, configure the IP addresses andport numbers on the NE, and the system is able to transmit the NE logs to the two Syslog serversthrough the auto addressing function of IP protocol. No forwarding gateway NE is required.

When DCN mode is adopted on each NE for communication, the NE that does not directlyconnect to the Syslog servers cannot communicate with the servers. The logs of the NE must betransmitted to a gateway NE that directly communicates with the Syslog servers through DCN.Then, the logs are forwarded to the Syslog servers by the gateway NE. Hence, the forwardinggateway NE must be configured, for example, configure NE A as the forwarding gateway NEfor NE D.

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9 Networking Application

About This Chapter

The OptiX PTN 3900 is used at the convergence and backbone layers of the MAN. Theequipment can transport various services and carry WDM services at the convergence andbackbone layers of the MAN. The equipment can be used to transport mobile services, privateline services and broadband services.

9.1 Application of the Equipment for Mobile ServicesThe OptiX PTN 3900 is used at the radio access network (RAN) layer of the mobile network.In other words, the OptiX PTN 3900 is used in the transport network between base stations andbase station controllers.

9.2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the L2VPN ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 can transport E-Line services and E-LAN services. The L2VPN supportsfast service delivery, end-to-end OAM, and reliable protection.

9.3 Offload SolutionDuring service transmission between the NodeB and RNC for 3G mobile communication, thePTN equipment can divert the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) service from theservices. The HSDPA service then can be carried by a low-cost network that accesses andforwards packets, such as an ADSL network. In this way, the transmission cost is reduced andthe competitiveness of operators is enhanced.

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9.1 Application of the Equipment for Mobile ServicesThe OptiX PTN 3900 is used at the radio access network (RAN) layer of the mobile network.In other words, the OptiX PTN 3900 is used in the transport network between base stations andbase station controllers.

The OptiX PTN 3900 provides several types of interfaces (Ethernet, POS, ATM, channelizedSTM-1, and E1) to access and carry packet services. Besides, the equipment uses the nativeTDM scheme to carry TDM E1 and ATM E1 services at the base station side. Table 9-1 showsthe application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the mobile service.

Table 9-1 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the mobile service

Item Description

Serviceaccessing

Figure 9-1 shows howto access the E1 servicesfrom base transceiverstations (BTS).

Figure 9-2 showshow to access theIMA E1 servicesfrom base stations.

Figure 9-3 shows howto access the FEservices from basestations.

Applicationmode

Packet mode

Networkingscheme

Tree, ring, mesh Tree, ring, mesh Tree, ring, mesh

Service type Channelized E1,Fractional E1, STM-1

IMA E1, ATMSTM-1

FE, GE

Networkinginterface

GE, 10GE, ML-PPP E1,POS

GE, 10GE, ML-PPPE1, POS

GE, 10GE

Protection MPLS Tunnel 1+1/1:1, FRR, LMSP

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Item Description

Service scenario l Transport of CES(PWE3) E1emulation service

l Emulation of E1services, which areplaced into thechannelized STM-1at the convergencepoint and thentransported to thebase stationcontroller (BSC).

l At the accesspoint, the IMA E1group isterminated andPWE3 emulationis performed to theATM services inthe group.

l At theconvergencepoint, theequipmentencapsulates theATM servicesemulated in thePWE3 schemeinto non-channelizedSTM-1, and thentransmits them tothe radio networkcontroller (RNC).

l The Ethernetservices from FEinterfaces areconverged to GE/10GE interfaces onthe basis of Layer 2switching orVLAN.

l When Layer 2switching is usedfor convergence ofservices from FEinterfaces to GE/10GE interfaces,services betweenbase stations areisolated.

NOTE

Channelized E1: The same service is configured for the 32 timeslots of an E1 signal.

Fractional E1: Different services are configured for the 32 timeslots of an E1 signal.

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Figure 9-1 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services (E1service between the base station and equipment)

E1

GE/POS/ML-PPP

STM-1

OptiX PTN 1900 BSC

BTS

STM-1

E1

E1GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

OptiX PTN 3900

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Figure 9-2 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services(IMA E1 service between the base station and equipment)

IMA E1 GE/POS/ML-PPP

RNC

NodeB

IMA E1

IMA E1

IMA E1

ATM STM-1

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

OptiX PTN 1900

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

OptiX PTN 3900

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Figure 9-3 Networking application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for transport of mobile services (FEservice between the base station and equipment)

FE

FE

FE

GE

FE

RNC

NodeB

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

OptiX PTN 1900

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

GE/POS/ML-PPP

OptiX PTN 3900

9.2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the L2VPNService

The OptiX PTN 3900 can transport E-Line services and E-LAN services. The L2VPN supportsfast service delivery, end-to-end OAM, and reliable protection.

9.2.1 Transport of the E-Line ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the L2 E-Line service.

9.2.2 Transport of the E-LAN ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the L2 E-LAN service.

9.2.1 Transport of the E-Line ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the L2 E-Line service.

As shown in Figure 9-4, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides the E-Line service.

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Figure 9-4 Networking Application of the E-Line Service

Protection Path

E-Line

GE

OptiX PTN 1900

CE

FE

OptiX PTN 3900

Table 9-2 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the E-Line service

Item Description

Application mode Packet service

Networkingscheme

Chain, mesh

Service type 10GE, GE, FE

Networkinginterface

10GE, GE

Protection l MPLS Tunnel 1+1/1:1 protection

l MPLS FRR/RR protection

l LAG protection for UNI ports

l TE function supported by interconnecting MPLS tunnels at thenetwork side

Service scenario l The PTN equipment provides the E-Line service. The equipmentaccesses user services from GE or FE interfaces and thentransparently transmits these services. In addition, the equipmentprovides DiffServ/HQoS service.

l The equipment supports the traffic statistics counting based on portor service (PW, Tunnel).

l The equipment provides the Ethernet OAM function (IEEE 802.1ag,IEEE 802.3ah) and MPLS OAM function (ITU-T Y.1711).

9.2.2 Transport of the E-LAN ServiceThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides the L2 E-LAN service.

As shown in Figure 9-5, the OptiX PTN 3900 provides the E-LAN service.

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Figure 9-5 Networking Application of the E-LAN Service

E-LAN

GE

OptiX PTN 1900

CE

FE

OptiX PTN 3900

Table 9-3 Application of the OptiX PTN 3900 for the E-LAN service

Item Description

Applicationmode

Packet service

Networkingscheme

Mesh

Service type 10GE, GE, FE

Networkinginterface

10GE, GE

Protection l MPLS Tunnel 1+1/1:1 protection

l MPLS FRR/RR protection

l LAG protection for UNI ports

l TE function provided by interconnecting MPLS tunnels at the networkside

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Item Description

Servicescenario

l The equipment provides E-LAN services, services stipulated in L2VPN/IEEE 802.1ad/IEEE 802.1ah, and DiffServ/HQoS service.

l The equipment supports the traffic statistics counting based on port orservice (PW, Tunnel).

l The equipment provides the Ethernet OAM function (IEEE 802.1ag,IEEE 802.3ah) and MPLS-OAM function (ITU-T Y.1711).

l The equipment supports interconnection to the user STP/RSTP/MSTP.

l The equipment supports L2 multicast, and L2 broadcast suppression.

l The equipment supports isolation of user data.

l The equipment supports ACL, DOS-attack prevention and accessauthentication.

9.3 Offload SolutionDuring service transmission between the NodeB and RNC for 3G mobile communication, thePTN equipment can divert the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) service from theservices. The HSDPA service then can be carried by a low-cost network that accesses andforwards packets, such as an ADSL network. In this way, the transmission cost is reduced andthe competitiveness of operators is enhanced.

Overview of the Offload SolutionThe HSDPA technology greatly increases the data service rate for 3G mobile communication.In addition, Iub interfaces (the interfaces between the NodeB and the RNC) require more andmore transmission bandwidth. To reduce the transmission cost and ensure the QoS of importantservices, the PTN equipment provides a complete offload solution.

As shown in Figure 9-6, the services sent by the NodeB are accessed to the OptiX PTN 1900at the access node, through the IMA E1. The OptiX PTN 3900 at the convergence node, isconnected to the RNC through the ATM STM-1 interface. The service flow at Iub interfaces canbe classified into the signaling flow, R99 flow and HSDPA flow by VPI/VCI.

l The OptiX PTN 1900 at the access node uses the IMA E1 to transport the signaling flowand R99 flow to the OptiX PTN 3900 at the convergence node.

l The OptiX PTN 1900 at the access node encapsulates the HSDPA flow and sends theencapsulated flow to the ADSL modem through an FE interface. The flow then travelsthrough the ADSL network and finally arrives at the OptiX PTN 3900 at the convergencenode.

According to the forwarding schemes used by the ADSL network, the offload solution can beused on the following three scenarios.

l ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network

l ETH-forwarding-based ADSL network

l IP-forwarding-based ADSL network

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Figure 9-6 Offload solution

Wholesale ADSL networkHSDPA flow

R99 flow

Leased line

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

RNC

OptiX PTN 3900

Application in an ATM-Forwarding-Based ADSL NetworkFor the accessed HSDPA service, the OptiX PTN 1900 at the access node supports threeencapsulation schemes.

l MPLS Tunnel used: ATM/PWE3/PW label/MPLS label/ETH, as shown in Figure 9-7.

l IP Tunnel used: ATM/PWE3/PW label/IP/ETH, as shown in Figure 9-8.

l GRE Tunnel used: ATM/PWE3/PW label/GRE/IP/ETH, as shown in Figure 9-9.

Figure 9-7 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (MPLS Tunnel used)

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

ATM Network

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

Ethernet

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

EthernetAAL5ATMADSL

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

EthernetAAL5ATM

STM-1

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

OptiX PTN 3900

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Figure 9-8 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (IP Tunnel used)

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

ATM Network

OptiX PTN 3900

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

Ethernet

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

EthernetAAL5ATMADSL

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

EthernetAAL5ATM

STM-1

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

Figure 9-9 Application in an ATM-forwarding-based ADSL network (GRE Tunnel used)

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

ATM Network

OptiX PTN 3900

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW Label

IPEthernet

IPEthernet

AAL5ATMADSL

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

GRE

ATMPWE3

PW LabelGRE ATM

PWE3PW Label

IPEthernet

GRE

The ADSL modem can work in either the bridge or the router mode.

l When working in the bridge mode, the ADSL modem performs EoA encapsulation to theaccessed FE services. The OptiX PTN 1900 at the access node can use either the MPLSTunnel or the IP Tunnel and GRE Tunnel.

l When working in the router mode, the ADSL modem performs IPoA encapsulation to theaccessed FE services. the OptiX PTN 1900 at the access node can use the IP Tunnel andGRE Tunnel.

Services forwarded through the ADSL network are finally converged to the OptiX PTN 3900at the convergence node through the STM-1 interface. The OptiX PTN 3900 at the convergencenode then rearranges the data packets that carry the HSDPA services, and forwards the datapackets along with the signaling and R99 services to the RNC. The RNC forwards the servicesto different service networks according to service types. In this way, the HSDPA service can beforwarded in the wireless access and transport network in an end-to-end manner.

Application in an ETH-Forwarding-Based ADSL Network

For such application, the ADSL network realizes Layer 2 forwarding of Ethernet packetsaccording to frame headers. In this way, the MPLS tunnel can be used to transport the HSDPAservice, as shown in Figure 9-10.

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Figure 9-10 Application in an ETH-forwarding-based ADSL network

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

ETH Network

OptiX PTN 3900

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

Ethernet

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

EthernetAAL5ATMADSL

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelMPLS Label

Ethernet

Application in an IP-Forwarding-Based ADSL NetworkFor such application, the ADSL network forwards the IP packets according to the IP headers.Hence, the IP tunnel or GRE tunnel is required to carry packets, as shown in Figure 9-11 andFigure 9-12.

Figure 9-11 Application in an IP-forwarding-based ADSL network (IP tunnel used)

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

IP Network

OptiX PTN 3900

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

Ethernet

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

EthernetAAL5ATMADSL

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

ATMPWE3

PW LabelIP

Ethernet

Figure 9-12 Application in an IP-forwarding-based ADSL network (GRE tunnel used)

NodeB OptiX PTN 1900

ADSL modem

IP Network

OptiX PTN 3900

RNC

DSLAM

ATME1/STM-1

ATMPWE3

PW Label

IPEthernet

IPEthernet

AAL5ATMADSL

ATMSTM-1

ATME1

GRE

ATMPWE3

PW LabelGRE ATM

PWE3PW Label

IPEthernet

GRE

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10 Technical Specifications

About This Chapter

The technical specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 are related to several items.

10.1 System SpecificationsThe system specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 cover the specifications of the cabinets andthe subrack.

10.2 System PerformanceThe OptiX PTN 3900 have different performance specifications for different performance items.

10.3 Technical Specifications of BoardsTechnical specifications of boards cover specifications of interfaces, dimensions, weight andpower consumption of boards.

10.4 Laser ClassLasers are of two classes according to the value of the output optical power.

10.5 Specifications of Clock InterfacesClock interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900 and synchronization performance of the equipmentcomply with related ITU-T standards.

10.6 Reliability SpecificationsReliability specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 cover system usability, system mean annualfailure rate, MTTR system mean repair time and MTBF system mean fault interval.

10.7 EMC Performance SpecificationsEMC performance specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 comply with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.3.3.

10.8 Safety CertificationThe OptiX PTN 3900 is awarded with several safety certificates.

10.9 Environment RequirementsThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for storage, transportation and operation.This section describes the environment specifications for storage, transportation and operationseparately.

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10.1 System SpecificationsThe system specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 cover the specifications of the cabinets andthe subrack.

The OptiX PTN 3900 can be installed in an ETSI cabinet. lists the specifications of the ETSIcabinets.

Table 10-1 Specifications of the ETSI cabinet for the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack

CabinetType

Dimensions(mm)

Weight(kg)

Number ofAllowed OptiXPTN 3900Subracks

Number ofAllowedOptiX PTN1900 Subracks

Number ofAllowedOptiX PTN3900 andOptiX PTN1900Subracks

300 mmdeepETSIcabinet(T63)

600(width) x300(depth) x2200(height)

60 2 4 1 x OptiX PTN3900 Subrackand 2 x OptiXPTN 1900Subrack

300 mmdeepETSIcabinet(N63E)

600(width) x300(depth) x2000(height)

42 1 4 1 x OptiX PTN3900 Subrackand 2 x OptiXPTN 1900Subrack

600(width) x300(depth) x2200(height)

45 2 4 1 x OptiX PTN3900 Subrackand 2 x OptiXPTN 1900Subrack

NOTE

W

HD

Table 10-2 lists the specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack.

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Table 10-2 Specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 subrack

Item Specification

Dimensions (mm) 496 (width) x 295 (depth) x 800 (height)

Weight (kg) Empty subrack: 35 (no boards or air filter housed)

Fully configured subrack: 60

Power consumption(W, with typicalconfiguration)

l Typical configuration I:Power consumption: 1091Configuration: 2 x FAN + 2 x PIU + 2 x XCS + 2 x SCA + 1 xTN81EG16 + 7 x MP1 + 4 x AD1 + 1 x CD1 + 2 x MQ1 + 2 xD75 + 1 x EX2

l Typical configuration II:Power consumption: 855Configuration: 2 x FAN + 2 x PIU + 2 x XCS + 2 x SCA + 1 xTN81EG16 + 3 x MP1 + 1 x CD1 + 2 x MQ1 + 2 x D75 + 1 xEX2

l Typical configuration III:Power consumption: 1072Configuration: 2 x FAN + 2 x PIU + 2 x XCS + 2 x SCA + 1 xTN81EG16 + 4 x MP1 + 4 x CD1 + 2 x EX2

l Typical configuration IV:Power consumption: 678Configuration: 2 x FAN + 2 x PIU + 2 x XCS + 2 x SCA + 1 xTN81EG16 + 1 x EFF8 + 1 x EX2

Power consumption(W, with maximumconfiguration)

2000(without microwave feature)2650 (with microwave feature)

Voltage range (V, DC) -38.4 to -57.6 (-48 V power supply)-48.0 to -72.0 (-60 V power supply)

10.2 System PerformanceThe OptiX PTN 3900 have different performance specifications for different performance items.

Table 10-3 lists the system performance specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Table 10-3 System performance specifications

Item Performance Specifications

FRR protectiontime for TE tunnel

When less than 256 tunnels are switched at the same time, the FRRprotection time is less than 50 ms.

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Item Performance Specifications

MPLS Tunnel 1+1/1:1 protectionswitching time

The protection switching time is less than 50 ms.

LAG protectionswitching time

l When links fail bidirectionally, the LAG protection switching time isless than 500 ms.

l When links fail unidirectional, the LAG protection switching time isless than 3.5s.

Switchingperformance ofthe SCA and XCS

When the board is removed or manually switched, the service is notaffected.

Maximuminterval forconsecutiveswitching of theactive and standbySCA

l Typical configuration (static configuration): ≤ 8 minutes

l Typical configuration (dynamic signaling enabled): ≤ 15 minutes

l Maximum configuration (static configuration): ≤ 10 minutes

l Maximum configuration (dynamic signaling enabled): ≤ 20 minutes

MSTP topologyconverging time

In the case of a link failure, the switching time is less than 1s whenconditions are available for fast reconfiguration, and less than 30s whenconditions are unavailable for fast reconfiguration.

Maximumnumber of routingneighbors

256

Maximumnumber of routessupported by theequipment

20k

Number ofsupported MPLSTunnels

4k (TN81SCA)8k (TN82SCA)

Total number ofsupported IPTunnels and GRETunnels

256 (TN81SCA)1k (TN82SCA)

Number ofsupported TunnelOAM

2k

Number ofsupported PWs

8k (TN81SCA)16k (TN82SCA)

Number ofsupported CESservices

1512

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Item Performance Specifications

Number ofsupported ATMservices

4k (remote service) and 2k (local service)

Number ofsupported ATMconnections(including VCCsand VPCs)

8k (remote service) and 4k (local service)

Number ofsupported E-Lineservices

4k

Number of VSIsupported for E-LAN

1k

Maximumnumber of virtualports supportedfor each VSI

256

Number ofsupporteddynamic MACaddresses

The entire equipment supports 128k dynamic MAC addresses.

Number ofsupported staticMAC addresses

The entire equipment supports 2k static MAC addresses.

Number ofsupported VLAN/VLAN list

64k

Granularity ofCAR/Shaping

CAR and Shaping support the minimum granularity of 64 kbit/s

Number of CARsupported by theequipment

Single-bucket CAR: 8k (dual-bucket CAR: 4k)

ARP tablecapacity

512 static ARP entries for the entire equipment256 dynamic ARP entries for each port

Number ofmulticast groupssupported by theequipment

The equipment supports a maximum of 4k multicast groups. Theequipment supports a maximum of 24k multicast members.

Number ofsupported APSprotection groups

1k

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Item Performance Specifications

Number ofsupported ML-PPP groups

256

Number ofsupported L3VPN

64 (TN81SCA)255 (TN82SCA)

10.3 Technical Specifications of BoardsTechnical specifications of boards cover specifications of interfaces, dimensions, weight andpower consumption of boards.

10.3.1 Technical Specification of the TN81EG16Specifications of the TN81EG16 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

10.3.2 Technical Specification of the TN82EG16Specifications of the TN82EG16 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

10.3.3 Technical Specification of the EX2The technical specifications of the EX2 cover the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

10.3.4 Technical Specification of the ETFCSpecifications of the ETFC board cover the interface specifications, board dimensions, andweight.

10.3.5 Technical Specifications of the EFF8The technical specifications of the EFF8 include the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

10.3.6 Technical Specification of the EFG2Specifications of the EFG2 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.7 Technical Specification of the MP1Specifications of the MP1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.8 Technical Specification of the MD1Specifications of the MD1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.9 Technical Specification of the MQ1Specifications of the MQ1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.10 Technical Specification of the CD1Specifications of the CD1 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

10.3.11 Technical Specification of the AD1Specifications of the AD1 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.12 Technical Specification of the ASD1Specifications of the ASD1 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

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10.3.13 Technical Specifications of the AFO1The technical specifications of the AFO1 cover the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

10.3.14 Technical Specification of the POD41Specifications of the POD41 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

10.3.15 Technical Specification of the D12Specifications of the D12 board cover interface specifications, board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.16 Technical Specification of the D75Specifications of the D75 board cover interface specifications, board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.17 Technical Specification of the CMR4Specifications of the CMR4 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, weightand power consumption.

10.3.18 Technical Specification of the CMR2Specifications of the CMR2 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, weightand power consumption.

10.3.19 Technical Specification of the TN81SCASpecifications of the TN81SCA board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.20 Technical Specification of the TN82SCASpecifications of the TN82SCA board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.21 Technical Specification of the TN81XCSSpecifications of the TN81XCS board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.22 Technical Specification of the TN82XCSSpecifications of the TN82XCS board cover board dimensions, and weight.

10.3.23 Technical Specification of the PIUSpecifications of the PIU board cover board dimensions, weight, and input voltage.

10.3.24 Technical Specification of the FANSpecifications of the FAN board cover board dimensions, weight, and working voltage.

10.3.1 Technical Specification of the TN81EG16Specifications of the TN81EG16 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

Table 10-4 lists the specifications of interfaces on the TN81EG16.

Table 10-4 Specifications of the interfaces on the TN81EG16

Item Specification

Opticalinterface type

1000BASE-SX(0.5km)

1000BASE-LX(10 km)

1000BASE-VX(40 km)

1000BASE-ZX(80 km)

1000BASE-CWDM(40 km)

Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

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Item Specification

Workingwavelengthrange (nm)

770 to 860 1270 to1355

1270 to1355

1500 to1580

For details onwavelengthallocation, seeTable 10-5.

Meanlaunchedoptical power(dBm)

-9.5 to 0 -11 to -3 - 5 to 0 -2 to 5 0 to 5

Receiversensitivity(dBm)

-17 -19 -22 -22 -19

Min. overheadpoint (dBm)

0 -3 -3 -3 -3

Extinctionratio (dB)

9 9 9 9 9

Table 10-5 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the TN81EG16

No. Wavelength (nm) No. Wavelength (nm)

1 1464.5 to 1477.5 5 1544.5 to 1557.5

2 1484.5 to 1497.5 6 1564.5 to 1577.5

3 1504.5 to 1517.5 7 1584.5 to 1597.5

4 1524.5 to 1537.5 8 1604.5 to 1617.5

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 50.8 (width)

Weight (kg): 2.40

10.3.2 Technical Specification of the TN82EG16Specifications of the TN82EG16 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

Table 10-6 lists the specifications of interfaces on the TN82EG16.

Table 10-6 Specifications of the interfaces on the TN82EG16

Item Specification

Opticalinterface type

1000BASE-SX(0.5km)

1000BASE-LX(10 km)

1000BASE-VX(40 km)

1000BASE-ZX(80 km)

1000BASE-CWDM(40 km)

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Item Specification

Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Workingwavelengthrange (nm)

770 to 860 1270 to 1355 1270 to 1355 1500 to 1580 For details onwavelengthallocation,see Table10-7.

Meanlaunchedoptical power(dBm)

-9.5 to 0 -11 to -3 - 5 to 0 -2 to 5 0 to 5

Receiversensitivity(dBm)

-17 -19 -22 -22 -19

Min. overheadpoint (dBm)

0 -3 -3 -3 -3

Extinctionratio (dB)

9 9 9 9 9

Table 10-7 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the TN82EG16

No. Wavelength (nm) No. Wavelength (nm)

1 1464.5 to 1477.5 5 1544.5 to 1557.5

2 1484.5 to 1497.5 6 1564.5 to 1577.5

3 1504.5 to 1517.5 7 1584.5 to 1597.5

4 1524.5 to 1537.5 8 1604.5 to 1617.5

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 50.8 (width)

Weight (kg): 2.40

10.3.3 Technical Specification of the EX2The technical specifications of the EX2 cover the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

Table 10-8 lists the specifications of interfaces on the EX2.

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Table 10-8 Specifications of interfaces on the EX2

Item Specification

Opticalinterfacetype

10GBASE-SR(0.3 km)

10GBASE-LR10GBASE-LW(2 km)

10GBASE-LR10GBASE-LW(10 km)

10GBASE-ER10GBASE-EW(40 km)

10GBASE-ZR10GBASE-ZW(80 km)

Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Workingwavelengthrange (nm)

840 to 860 1260 to 1355 1260 to1355

1530 to1565

1530 to 1565

Meanlaunchedopticalpower(dBm)

-7.3 to -1 -8.2 to 0.5 -8.2 to 0.5 -4.7 to 4 0 to 4

Receiversensitivity(dBm)

-11.1 -11 -11 -14.1 -21

Min.overheadpoint (dBm)

-1 -1 0.5 -1 -7

Extinctionratio (dB)

3 3.5 3.5 3 3

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 50.8 (width)

Board weight (kg): 2.08

10.3.4 Technical Specification of the ETFCSpecifications of the ETFC board cover the interface specifications, board dimensions, andweight.

Table 10-9 lists the interface specifications of the ETFC.

Table 10-9 Interface specifications of the ETFC

Item Specification

Electrical interface rate 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s

RJ-45 electrical interface specification Compliant with the IEEE 802.3

Transmit jitter 1.4 ns (peak to peak)

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Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.55

10.3.5 Technical Specifications of the EFF8The technical specifications of the EFF8 include the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

Interface SpecificationsTable 10-10 lists the specifications of the optical interfaces of the EFF8.

Table 10-10 Specifications of the interfaces on the EFF8

Item Specification

Optical interfacetype

100BASE-FX(15 km)

100BASE-FX(40 km)

100BASE-FX(80 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Workingwavelength range(nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Mean launchedoptical power(dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Receiver sensitivity(dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Min. overhead point(dBm)

-8 -10 -10

Extinction ratio(dB)

8.2 10 10

Other SpecificationsBoard dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.64

10.3.6 Technical Specification of the EFG2Specifications of the EFG2 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

Table 10-11 lists the specifications of interfaces on the EFG2. Table 10-12 lists the wavelengthsof colored optical interfaces on the EFG2.

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Table 10-11 Specifications of the interfaces on the EFG2

Item Specification

Opticalinterface type

1000BASE-SX(0.5km)

1000BASE-LX(10 km)

1000BASE-VX(40 km)

1000BASE-ZX(80 km)

1000BASE-CWDM(40 km)

Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Workingwavelengthrange (nm)

770 to 860 1270 to 1355 1270 to 1355 1500 to 1580 For details onwavelengthallocation, seeTable 10-12.

Meanlaunchedoptical power(dBm)

-9.5 to 0 -11 to -3 - 5 to 0 -2 to 5 0 to 5

Receiversensitivity(dBm)

-17 -19 -22 -22 -19

Min. overheadpoint (dBm)

0 -3 -3 -3 -3

Extinctionratio (dB)

9 9 9 9 9

Table 10-12 Wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces on the EFG2

No. Wavelength (nm) No. Wavelength (nm)

1 1464.5 to 1477.5 5 1544.5 to 1557.5

2 1484.5 to 1497.5 6 1564.5 to 1577.5

3 1504.5 to 1517.5 7 1584.5 to 1597.5

4 1524.5 to 1537.5 8 1604.5 to 1617.5

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.52

10.3.7 Technical Specification of the MP1Specifications of the MP1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 1.15

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10.3.8 Technical Specification of the MD1Specifications of the MD1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 128.1 (height) x 197.1 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.34

10.3.9 Technical Specification of the MQ1Specifications of the MQ1 board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 128.1 (height) x 197.1 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.34

10.3.10 Technical Specification of the CD1Specifications of the CD1 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

Table 10-13 lists the specifications of interfaces on the CD1.

Table 10-13 Specifications of interfaces on the CD1

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 155.52

Optical interface type S-1.1(15 km)

L-1.1(40 km)

L-1.2(80 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Launched optical power(dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Optical receiversensitivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Minimum overload(dBm)

-8 -10 -10

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

Board dimensions (mm): 128.1 (height) x 197.1 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.34

10.3.11 Technical Specification of the AD1Specifications of the AD1 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

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Table 10-14 lists the specifications of interfaces on the AD1.

Table 10-14 Specifications of interfaces on the AD1

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 155.52

Optical interface type S-1.1(15 km)

L-1.1(40 km)

L-1.2(80 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Launched optical power(dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Optical receiversensitivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Minimum overload(dBm)

-8 -10 -10

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

Board dimensions (mm): 128.1 (height) x 197.1 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.35

10.3.12 Technical Specification of the ASD1Specifications of the ASD1 cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, and weight.

Table 10-15 lists the specifications of interfaces on the AD1.

Table 10-15 Specifications of interfaces on the ASD1

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate(Mbit/s)

155.52

Optical interface type S-1.1(15 km)

L-1.1(40 km)

L-1.2(80 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Launched opticalpower (dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

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Item Specification

Optical receiversensitivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Minimum overload(dBm)

-8 -10 -10

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

Board dimensions (mm): 128.1 (height) x 197.1 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.35

10.3.13 Technical Specifications of the AFO1The technical specifications of the AFO1 cover the interface specifications, board dimensions,and weight.

Interface SpecificationsTable 10-16 lists the specifications of interfaces on the AFO1.

Table 10-16 Specifications of interfaces on the AFO1

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate(Mbit/s)

155.52

Optical interfacetype

S-1.1(15 km)

L-1.1(40 km)

L-1.2(80 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Mean launchedoptical power (dBm)

- 15 to - 8 - 5 to 0 - 5 to 0

Receiver sensitivity(dBm)

- 28 - 34 - 34

Minimum overheadpoint (dBm)

- 8 - 10 - 10

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

Other SpecificationsBoard dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

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Weight (kg): 0.78

10.3.14 Technical Specification of the POD41Specifications of the POD41 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, andweight.

Table 10-17 and Table 10-18 list the specifications of interfaces on the POD41.

Table 10-17 Specifications of interfaces on the POD41

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 155520

Optical interface type S-1.1(15 km)

L-1.1(40 km)

L-1.2(80 km)

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Launched optical power(dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Optical receiversensitivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Minimum overload(dBm)

-8 -10 -10

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

Table 10-18 Specifications of interfaces on the POD41

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 622080

Optical interface type S-4.1(15 km)

L-4.1(40 km)

L-4.2(80 km)

V-4.2(100 km)

Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

Working wavelengthrange (nm)

1261 to 1360 1280 to 1355 1480 to 1580 1480 to 1580

Launched optical power(dBm)

-15 to -8 -3 to 2 -3 to 2 -3 to 2

Optical receiversensitivity (dBm)

-28 -28 -28 -32

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Item Specification

Minimum overload(dBm)

-8 -8 -8 -13

Extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10 10

Board dimensions (mm): 264.1 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.55

10.3.15 Technical Specification of the D12Specifications of the D12 board cover interface specifications, board dimensions, and weight.

Table 10-19 lists the interface specifications of the D12.

Table 10-19 Interface specifications of the D12

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate: (kbit/s) 2048

Code HDB3

Pulse shape at output port Compliant with ITU-T G.703

Attenuation of input interface at 1024 kHzfrequency point (dB)

0 to 6

Anti-interference capability of input port Compliant with ITU-T G.703

Input jitter tolerance Compliant with ITU-T G.823

Output jitter Compliant with ITU-T G.823

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.56

10.3.16 Technical Specification of the D75Specifications of the D75 board cover interface specifications, board dimensions, and weight.

Table 10-20 lists the interface specifications of the D75.

Table 10-20 Interface specifications of the D75

Item Specification

Nominal bit rate: (kbit/s) 2048

Code HDB3

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Item Specification

Pulse shape at output port Compliant with ITU-T G.703

Attenuation of input interface at 1024 kHzfrequency point (dB)

0 to 6

Anti-interference capability of input port Compliant with ITU-T G.703

Input jitter tolerance Compliant with ITU-T G.823

Output jitter Compliant with ITU-T G.823

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 156.9 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.57

10.3.17 Technical Specification of the CMR4Specifications of the CMR4 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, weightand power consumption.

Table 10-21 lists the specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR4.

Table 10-21 Specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR4

Item Specification Optical Interface

Working wavelength range(nm)

1291 to 1611 -

Channel spacing (nm) 20 -

0.5 dB passband bandwidth(nm)

≥ ±6.5 IN-D1IN-D2IN-D3IN-D4

Insertion loss in thewavelength-droppingchannel (dB)

≤ 1.5

Adjacent channel isolation(dB)

> 25

Non-adjacent channelisolation (dB)

> 35

0.5 dB passband bandwidth(nm)

≥±6.5 A1-OUTA2-OUTA3-OUTA4-OUT

Insertion loss in thewavelength-adding channel(dB)

≤ 1.5

Insertion loss (dB) ≤ 1.5 IN-MOMI-OUT

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Item Specification Optical Interface

Isolation (dB) > 13

Return loss (dB) > 40 -

The CMR4 adds/drops and multiplexes four signals to/from the multiplexed signals. Table10-22 lists the rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR4.

Table 10-22 Rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR4

Group Wavelength (nm)

A1/D1 A2/D2 A3/D3 A4/D4

1 1291 1311 1331 1351

2 1391 1411 1431 1451

3 1471 1491 1591 1611

4 1511 1531 1551 1571

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.9

10.3.18 Technical Specification of the CMR2Specifications of the CMR2 board cover specifications of interfaces, board dimensions, weightand power consumption.

Table 10-23 lists the specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR2.

Table 10-23 Specifications of optical interfaces on the CMR2

Item Specification Optical Interface

Working wavelength range(nm)

1271 to 1611 -

Channel spacing (nm) 20 -

0.5 dB passband bandwidth(nm)

≥ ±6.5 IN-D1IN-D2

Insertion loss in thewavelength-droppingchannel (dB)

≤ 1.5

Adjacent channel isolation(dB)

> 25

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Item Specification Optical Interface

Non-adjacent channelisolation (dB)

> 35

0.5 dB passband bandwidth(nm)

≥±6.5 A1-OUTA2-OUT

Insertion loss in thewavelength-adding channel(dB)

≤ 1.5

Insertion loss (dB) ≤ 1.0 IN-MOMI-OUTIsolation (dB) > 13

Return loss (dB) > 40 -

The CMR2 adds/drops and multiplexes two signals to/from the multiplexed signals. Table10-24 lists the rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR2.

Table 10-24 Rules of adding/dropping wavelength of the CMR2

Group Wavelength (nm)

A1/D1 A2/D2

1 1271 1371

2 1471 1491

3 1511 1531

4 1551 1571

5 1591 1611

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 266.8 (depth) x 25.4 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.8

10.3.19 Technical Specification of the TN81SCASpecifications of the TN81SCA board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 271.5 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 0.93

10.3.20 Technical Specification of the TN82SCASpecifications of the TN82SCA board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 271.5 (depth) x 22.0 (width)

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Weight (kg): 0.96

10.3.21 Technical Specification of the TN81XCSSpecifications of the TN81XCS board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 294.1 (height) x 271.5(depth) x 40.0 (width)

Weight (kg): about 2.45

10.3.22 Technical Specification of the TN82XCSSpecifications of the TN82XCS board cover board dimensions, and weight.

Board dimensions (mm): 294.1 (height) x 271.5 (depth) x 40.0 (width)

Weight (kg): about 2.48

10.3.23 Technical Specification of the PIUSpecifications of the PIU board cover board dimensions, weight, and input voltage.

Board dimensions (mm): 261.4 (height) x 272.4 (depth) x 40.0 (width)

Weight (kg): 1.5

Input voltage range (V DC):

-38.4 to -57.6 (-48 V power supply)

-48.0 to -72.0 (-60 V power supply)

10.3.24 Technical Specification of the FANSpecifications of the FAN board cover board dimensions, weight, and working voltage.

Board dimensions (mm): 278.4 (height) x 492.0 (depth) x 66.5 (width)

Weight (kg): 4.5

Working voltage (V):

-38.4 to -57.6 (-48 V power supply)

-48.0 to -72.0 (-60 V power supply)

10.4 Laser ClassLasers are of two classes according to the value of the output optical power.

WARNINGAvoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface during theinstallation and maintenance of the fiber. Otherwise, your eyes may be hurt.

Table 10-25 shows the laser classes of the boards.

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Table 10-25 Laser Class

Laser Class Label Board

Class 1CLASS 1LASER

PRODUCT

CD1, AD1, ASD1, EFG2, POD41, EG16, EX2,EFF8, AFO1

Class 1M

CLASS 1M LASERPRODUCT

LASERRADIATION

DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLYWITH OPTICALINSTRUMENTS

CMR2, CMR4

10.5 Specifications of Clock InterfacesClock interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900 and synchronization performance of the equipmentcomply with related ITU-T standards.

Clock Interface TypesThe OptiX PTN 3900 provides external clock input interfaces and clock output interfaces. Table10-26 lists the details.

Table 10-26 Specifications of clock interfaces of the OptiX PTN 3900

Clock Type Interface Specification

External clocksynchronizationsource

Two-channel 75-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703) inputsTwo-channel 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703)inputs

Synchronizationoutput clock

Two-channel 75-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703)outputsTwo-channel 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703)outputs

External timesynchronizationsource

Two-channel DCLS time inputsTwo-channel 1PPS + time information inputs

Synchronizationoutput time

Two-channel DCLS time outputsTwo-channel 1PPS + time information outputs

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Timing and Synchronization PerformanceThe timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX PTN 3900 complies with ITU-T G.813 and G.823.

Table 10-27 lists details on the timing and synchronization performance.

Table 10-27 Timing and synchronization performance

Output Jitter Output Frequency of theInternal Oscillator in Free-Run Mode

Long-Term PhaseVariation (LockedMode)

Complies with ITU-T G.813and G.823.

Complies with ITU-T G.813and G.823.

Complies with ITU-T G.813 and G.823.

10.6 Reliability SpecificationsReliability specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 cover system usability, system mean annualfailure rate, MTTR system mean repair time and MTBF system mean fault interval.

Table 10-28 lists the reliability specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900.

Table 10-28 Reliability specifications

Item Required Specification

System usability 0.9999992: The equipment should not be outof service for more than 0.42 minutes in oneyear.

System mean annual failure rate Less than 1.2%

MTTR system mean repair time Two hours

MTBF system mean fault interval 284.99 years

10.7 EMC Performance SpecificationsEMC performance specifications of the OptiX PTN 3900 comply with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.3.3.

The OptiX PTN 3900 complies with the following EMC standards:l ETSI EN 300 386 1.3.3 (2005-04)

l ETSI EN 300 132-2 (2003-09)

l CISPR22 (2003-04)

l GR-1089 (2006)

l IEC 61000-4-2 (2001-04)

l IEC 61000-4-3 (2002-09)

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l IEC 61000-4-4 (1995+A1:2000.11+A2:2001.07)

l IEC 61000-4-5 (2001-04)

l IEC 61000-4-6 (2003-05)

l IEC 61000-4-29 (2000-08)

10.8 Safety CertificationThe OptiX PTN 3900 is awarded with several safety certificates.

Table 10-29 lists the safety certifications that the OptiX PTN 3900 has passed.

Table 10-29 Safety certifications that the OptiX PTN 3900 has passed

Certification Item Criteria

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) CISPR22 Class ACISPR24EN55022 Class AEN50024ETSI EN 300 386 Class AETSI ES 201 468CFR 47 FCC Part 15 Class AICES 003 Class AAS/NZS CISPR22 Class AGB9254 Class AVCCI Class A

Safety IEC 60950-1IEC/EN41003EN 60950-1UL 60950-1CSA C22.2 No 60950-1AS/NZS 60950-1BS EN 60950-1IS 13252GB4943

Laser safety FDA rules21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11IEC60825-1IEC60825-2EN60825-1EN60825-2GB7247

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Certification Item Criteria

Health ICNIRP Guideline1999-519-ECEN 50385OET Bulletin 65IEEE Std C95.1

Environment protection RoHS

10.9 Environment RequirementsThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for storage, transportation and operation.This section describes the environment specifications for storage, transportation and operationseparately.

10.9.1 Environment for StorageThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for storage.

10.9.2 Environment for TransportationThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for transportation.

10.9.3 Environment for OperationThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for operation.

10.9.1 Environment for StorageThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for storage.

ClimateTable 10-30 lists the climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for storage.

Table 10-30 Climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for storage

Item Specification

Temperature -40℃ to +70℃

Relative humidity 10% to 100%

Temperature changerate

0.5℃/min

Air flowing speed ≤ 30 m/s

Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/m2

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/m2

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Waterproof Requirement

Requirement for storing equipment on the customer site: Generally, the equipment must bestored indoors.

No water should remain on the floor or leak to the equipment carton. The equipment should beplaced away from places where water leakage is possible, such as near the automatic fire-fightingfacilities and heating facilities.

If the equipment is stored outdoors, the following four conditions are required.

l The carton must be intact.

l Required rainproof measures must be taken to prevent water from entering the carton.

l No water is on the ground where the carton is placed.

l The carton must be free from direct exposure to sunshine.

Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbe, such as eumycete and mycete.

l Keep rodents such as mice away.

Air Cleannessl The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive

dust.

l Table 10-31 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances duringstorage.

l Table 10-32 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances during storage.

Table 10-31 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage

Mechanically Active Substance Content

Suspending dust ≤ 5.00 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤ 20.0 mg/m2·h

Gravel ≤ 300 mg/m3

Table 10-32 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 0.30 mg/m3 to 1.0 mg/m3

H2S 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.5 mg/m3

NOx 0.5 mg/m3 to 1.0 mg/m3

NH3 1.0 mg/m3 to 3.0 mg/m3

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Chemically Active Substance Content

Cl2 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.3 mg/m3

HCl 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.5 mg/m3

HF 0.01 mg/m3 to 0.03 mg/m3

O3 0.05 mg/m3 to 0.1 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress

Table 10-33 lists the requirements of mechanical stress for storage.

Table 10-33 Requirements of mechanical stress for storage

Item Sub-Item Specification

Random vibration ASD - 0.02m2/s3 -

Frequency range 5 Hz to 10Hz

10 Hz to 50 Hz 50 Hz to 100Hz

dB/oct 12 - -12

Axes of vibration 3

10.9.2 Environment for TransportationThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for transportation.

Climate

Table 10-34 lists climatic requirements for transportation.

Table 10-34 Climatic requirements for transportation

Item Specification

Temperature -40℃ to +70℃

Relative humidity 5% RH to 95% RH

Temperature changerate

0.5℃/min

Air following speed ≤ 20 m/s

Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/m2

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Item Specification

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/m2

Rain ≤ 6 mm/min

Waterproof Requirement

The following conditions should be present for transportation.

l The carton must be intact.

l Required rainproof measures must be taken to the transportation tools to prevent water fromentering the carton.

l No water is on the transportation tools.

Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbe, such as eumycete and mycete.

l Keep rodents such as mice away.

Air Cleannessl The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive

dust.

l Table 10-35 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances duringtransportation.

l Table 10-36 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances duringtransportation.

Table 10-35 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during transportation

Mechanically Active Substances Content

Precipitable dust ≤ 3.0 mg/m2·h

Gravel ≤ 100 mg/m3

Table 10-36 Density requirements for chemically active substances during transportation

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 ≤ 1.0 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.5 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 1.0 mg/m3

HCl ≤ 0.5 mg/m3

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Chemically Active Substance Content

NH3 ≤ 3.0 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.03 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.1 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress

Table 10-37 lists the requirements of mechanical stress for transportation.

Table 10-37 Requirements of mechanical stress for transportation

Item Sub-Item Specification

Random vibration ASD 1 m2/s3 -3 dB

Frequency range 5 Hz to 20 Hz 20 Hz to 200Hz

Bump Shock spectrum typeI (mass>50kg)

100 m/s2, 11ms, 100 in each direction

Shock spectrum typeII (mass≤50kg)

180 m/s2, 6ms, 100 in each direction

Direction of bump 6

10.9.3 Environment for OperationThe OptiX PTN 3900 requires proper environment for operation.

Climate

Table 10-38 and Table 10-39 list the climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for operation.

Table 10-38 Temperature and humidity required by the OptiX PTN 3900 for operation

Temperature Relative humidity

Long-term operation Short-term operation Long-termoperation

Short-termoperation

0℃ to 50℃ -5℃ to 55℃ 5% to 95%

NOTEWhen the OptiX PTN 3900 is installed in an ETSI cabinet, ignore the radiation.

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Table 10-39 Other climatic requirements of the OptiX PTN 3900 for operation

Item Specification

Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Temperature changerate

0.5℃/min

Air following speed ≤ 5 m/s

Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

Solar radiation ≤ 700 W/m2

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/m2

Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbe, such as eumycete and mycete.

l Keep rodents such as mice away.

Air Cleannessl The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive

dust.

l Table 10-40 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances duringoperation.

l Table 10-41 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances duringoperation.

Table 10-40 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during operation

Mechanically Active Substance Content

Suspending dust ≤ 0.4 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤ 15 mg/m2·h

Gravel ≤ 300 mg/m3

Table 10-41 Density requirements for chemically active substances during operation

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 0.30 mg/m3 to 1.0 mg/m3

H2S 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.5 mg/m3

NOx 0.5 mg/m3 to 5.0 mg/m3

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Chemically Active Substance Content

NH3 1.0 mg/m3 to 3.0 mg/m3

Cl2 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.3 mg/m3

HCl 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.5 mg/m3

HF 0.01 mg/m3 to 0.03 mg/m3

O3 0.05 mg/m3 to 0.1 mg/m3

Mechanical StressTable 10-42 lists the requirements of mechanical stress for operation.

Table 10-42 Requirement of mechanical stress for operation

Item Sub-Item Specification

Sinusoidal vibration Velocity 5 mm/s -

Acceleration - 2 m/s2

Frequency range 5 Hz to 62 Hz 62 Hz to 200 Hz

Shock Shock spectrum type II 30 m/s2, 11ms, 3 in each direction

Direction of bump 6

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A Compliant Standards and Protocols

Environment StandardStandard or Protocol Title

ETSI EN 300 019-1 Environmental Engineering (EE)Environmental conditions and environmentaltests for telecommunications equipmentClassification of environmental conditions

ETSI EN 300 019-2 Environmental Engineering (EE)Environmental conditions and environmentaltests for telecommunications equipmentSpecification of environmental tests

ETSI EN 300 753 Equipment Engineering (EE)Acoustic noise emitted bytelecommunications equipment

IEC 60068-1 Environmental testingPart 1: General and guidance

IEC 60068-2 Basic environmental testing proceduresPart 2: Tests

IEC 600721-1 Classification of environmental conditions-Part 1: Environmental parameters and theirseverities

IEC 600721-2 Classification of environmental conditions-Part 2: Environmental conditions appearingin nature

IEC 600529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures(IP Code)

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Standard or Protocol Title

QM333 Specification for environmental testing ofelectronic equipments for transmission andswitching use

GR-63 NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection

GR-63-CORE NEBS™ Requirements: Physical Protection

EMC StandardStandard or Protocol Title

EN 55022 Information technology equipment-Radiodisturbance characteristics-Limits andmethods of measurement

ETSI EN 300 132-2 Equipment Engineering (EE): Power supplyinterface at the input to telecommunicationsequipmentPart 2: Operated by direct current (dc)

ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radiospectrum Matters (ERM)Telecommunication network equipment;ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)requirements

ETSI ES 201 468 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radiospectrum Matters (ERM)Additional ElectroMagnetic Compatibility(EMC) telecommunications equipment forenhanced availability of service in specificapplications

ETSI EN 300 253 Environmental Engineering (EE)Earthing and bonding configuration insidetelecommunications centres

EN 61000-4-29 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part4-29: Testing and measurementtechniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptionsand voltage variations on d.c. input powerport immunity tests

CISPR22 Information technology equipment-Radiodisturbance characteristics-Limits andmethods of measurement

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Standard or Protocol Title

IEC 61000-4-29 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part4-29: Testing and measurementtechniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptionsand voltage variations on d.c. input powerport immunity tests

ITU-T K.27 Bonding Configurations and Earthing Insidea Telecommunication Building

GR-1089-CORE Electromagnetic Compatibility and ElectricalSafety - Generic Criteria for NetworkTelecommunications Equipment

IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Part4: Testing and measurement techniques -Section 5: Surge immunity test

Safety Compliance StandardStandard or Protocol Title

IEC/EN/UL 60950-1 Information technology equipment - Safety -Part 1: General requirements

IEC/EN 60825-1 Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipmentclassification, requirements and user's guide

IEC/EN 60825-2 Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety ofoptical fibre communication systems (OFCS)

73/23/EEC Low voltage directive

21 CFR 1040.10/1040.11 Performance standards for light-emitting-products

Ethernet Service StandardStandard or Protocol Title

IEEE802.1D Media access control (MAC) bridges

IEEE802.1Q Virtual bridged local area networks

IEEE802.1ad Provider bridges

IEEE802.1ag Connectivity fault management

IEEE802.1ah Provider backbone bridges

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Standard or Protocol Title

IEEE802.3 Carrier sense multiple access with collisiondetection (CSMA/CD) access method andphysical layer specifications

ITU-T G.8012 Ethernet UNI and Ethernet over transportNNI

ITU-T G.1730 Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernetbased networks and Ethernet services

ITU-T G.1731 OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernetbased networks

ITU-T G.8031 Ethernet protection switching

ITU-T G.8010 Architecture of Ethernet layer networks

ITU-T G.8021 Characteristics of Ethernet transport networkequipment functional blocks

MEF MEF2 Requirements and framework for Ethernetservice protection in metro Ethernet networks

MEF MEF4 Metro Ethernet network architectureframework - Part 1: generic framework

L2VPN StandardStandard or Protocol Title

draft-ietf-l2vpn-oam-req-frmk-05 L2VPN OAM requirements and framework

draft-ietf-l2vpn-signaling-08 Provisioning, autodiscovery, and signaling inL2VPNs

RFC 4664 Framework for layer 2 virtual privatenetworks (L2VPNs)

MPLS StandardStandard or Protocol Title

ITU-T G.8112 Interfaces for the transport MPLS (T-MPLS)hierarchy

ITU-T G.8131 Protection switching for transport MPLS (T-MPLS) networks

ITU-T Y.1711 Operation & Maintenance mechanism forMPLS networks

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Standard or Protocol Title

ITU-T Y.1720 Protection switching for MPLS networks

ITU-T Y.1561 Performance and availability parameters forMPLS networks

ITU-T G.8110 MPLS layer network architecture

ITU-T G.8110.1 Application of MPLS in the transportnetwork

ITU-T G.8121 Characteristics of transport MPLS equipmentfunctional blocks

ITU-T Y.1710 Requirements for OAM functionality forMPLS networks

RFC 2702 Requirements for traffic engineering overMPLS

RFC 2205 Resource Reservation protocol (RSVP)-version 1 functional specification

RFC 3031 MPLS architecture

RFC 3469 Framework for multi-protocol labelswitching (MPLS)-based recovery

RFC 3811 Definitions of textual conventions formultiprotocol label switching (MPLS)management

RFC 3812 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) trafficengineering management information base

RFC 3813 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) labelswitching router (LSR) managementinformation base

RFC 3814 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)forwarding equivalence class to next hoplabel forwarding entry (FEC-To-NHLFE)management information base

RFC 4220 Traffic engineering link managementinformation base

RFC 4221 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)management overview

RFC 4377 Operations and management (OAM)requirements for multi-protocol labelswitched (MPLS) networks

RFC 4378 A framework for multi-protocol labelswitching (MPLS) operations andmanagement (OAM)

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Standard or Protocol Title

RFC 3032 MPLS label stack encoding

RFC 3036 LDP specification

RFC 3037 LDP applicability

RFC 3209 Extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels

RFC 3210 Applicability statement for extensions toRSVP for LSP tunnels

RFC 3215 LDP state machine

RFC 3443 Time to live (TTL) processing in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks

RFC 3477 Signalling unnumbered links in resourceReservation protocol - traffic engineering(RSVP-TE)

RFC 3478 Graceful restart mechanism for labeldistribution protocol

RFC 3612 Applicability statement for restartmechanisms for the label distributionprotocol (LDP)

RFC 3815 Definitions of managed objects for themultiprotocol label switching(MPLS), labeldistribution protocol(LDP)

RFC 3936 Procedures for modifying the resourcereservation protocol(RSVP)

RFC 4090 Fast reroute extensions to RSVP-TE for LSPtunnels

RFC 4182 Removing a restriction on the use of MPLSexplicit NULL

RFC 4201 Link bundling in MPLS traffic engineering(TE)

draft-ietf-mpls-soft-preemption-08 MPLS traffic engineering soft preemption

RFC 3609 Tracing requirements for generic tunnels

RFC 4204 Link management protocol (LMP)

RFC 4327 Link management protocol (LMP)management information base (MIB)

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PWE3 StandardStandard or Protocol Title

RFC 3916 Requirements for pseudo-wire emulationedge-to-edge (PWE3)

RFC 3985 Pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)architecture

RFC 4197 Requirements for edge-to-edge emulation oftime division multiplexed (TDM) circuitsover packet switching networks

RFC 4385 Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)control word for use over an MPLS PSN

RFC 4446 IANA allocations for pseudowire edge toedge emulation (PWE3)

RFC 4447 Pseudowire setup and maintenance using thelabel distribution Protocol (LDP)

RFC 4448 Encapsulation methods for transport ofEthernet over MPLS networks

RFC 4720 Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)frame check sequence retention

RFC 4553 Structure-agnostic time divisionmultiplexing (TDM) over packet (SAToP)

draft-ietf-pwe3-cesopsn-07 Structure-aware TDM circuit emulationservice over packet switched network(CESoPSN)

draft-ietf-pwe3-vccv-11 Pseudo wire virtual circuit connectivityverification (VCCV)

draft-ietf-pwe3-segmented-pw-03 Segmented pseudo wire

draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-requirements-03 Requirements for inter domain pseudo-wires

draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch-02 An architecture for multi-segment pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge

Layer 2 Protocol StandardStandard or Protocol Title

RFC 4541 Considerations for internet groupmanagement protocol (IGMP) and multicastlistener discovery (MLD) snooping switches

IEEE 802.3 (Clause43) Link aggregation

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Standard or Protocol Title

IEEE 802.1Q (Clause13) The multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP)

RFC 0826 Ethernet address resolution protocol

RFC 3046 DHCP relay agent information option

QoS StandardStandard or Protocol Title

ITU-T Y.1291 An architectural framework for support ofquality of service (QoS) in packet networks

MEF MEF10 Ethernet services attributes phase 1

RFC 3289 Management information base for thedifferentiated services architecture

RFC 3644 Policy quality of service (QoS) Informationmodel

RFC 3670 Information model for describing networkdevice QoS datapath mechanisms

RFC 2212 Specification of guaranteed quality of service

RFC 2474 Definition of the differentiated services field(DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers

RFC 2475 An architecture for differentiated services

RFC 2597 Assured forwarding PHB group

RFC 2697 A single rate three color marker

RFC 2698 A two rate three color marker

RFC 3140 Per hop behavior identification codes

RFC 3246 An expedited forwarding PHB (Per-hopbehavior)

RFC 3270 Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS)support of differentiated services

RFC 3564 Requirements for support of differentiatedservices-aware MPLS traffic engineering

RFC 4124 Protocol extensions for support of diffserv-aware MPLS traffic engineering

RFC 4125 Maximum allocation bandwidth constraintsmodel for diffserv-aware MPLS trafficengineering

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Standard or Protocol Title

RFC 4127 Russian dolls bandwidth constraints modelfor diffserv-aware MPLS traffic engineering

RFC 4128 Bandwidth constraints models fordifferentiated services (Diffserv)-awareMPLS traffic engineering

ATM StandardStandard or Protocol Title

RFC4717 Encapsulation Methods for Transport ofAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) overMPLS Networks

RFC4816 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge(PWE3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) Transparent Cell Transport Service

RFC2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATMAdaptation Layer 5

ITU-T I.610 B-ISDN operation and maintenanceprinciples and functions

AF-PHY-0086.001 AF-PHY-0086.001 Inverse Multiplexing forATM Specification Version 1.1

AF-TM-0121.000 Traffic Management Specification

SDH StandardStandard or Protocol Title

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics ofhierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.707 Network node interface for the synchronousdigital hierarchy (SDH)

ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces formanagement of transmission systems

ITU-T G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH networkprotection architectures

ITU-T G.957 Optical interfaces for equipments andsystems relating to the synchronous digitalhierarchy

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B Glossary

A

ACL Access control list. A list of sequential instructions that are composedof permit|deny statements. In firewall, the ACL is used on routerinterfaces so that the router can determine which data packets to receiveand which to refuse. In QoS, the ACL is also used for flowclassification.

ATM The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is designed to transfer voice,video, and other multimedia data that requires short bursts of largequantities of data that can survive small losses but must be broadcastin real time. ATM uses uniform 53-byte cells. (Each cell has a 5-byteaddress header and 48 bytes of data.) These short, standardized cellscan be processed through a digital ATM switch very quickly, allowingfor data transmission speeds surpassing 600 Mbit/s.

aggregation A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be aconcrete or conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.

B

BDI When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defectindication (BDI) to inform the upstream end of the LSP of adownstream defect along the return path.

BTS Base transceiver station. A station used to transport services andsignaling through air interfaces. A BTS includes the basebandprocessing unit, wireless equipment, and antenna.

C

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CES Circuit emulation service. A service defined by the ATM Forum toprovide a virtual connection that emulates a constant bit rate (CBR)connection with dedicated bandwidth. This specification supports theemulation of existing TDM connections across ATM networks inparticular.

colored packet A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.

concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combinedcapacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keepsthe integrity of bit sequence.

control plane A set of communicating entities that are responsible for theestablishment of connections including set-up, release, supervision andmaintenance. A control plane is supported by a signaling network.

CoS Class of service (CoS) is a queuing discipline. An algorithm comparesfields of packets or CoS tags to classify packets and to assign to queuesof differing priority. CoS does not ensure network performance orguarantee priority in delivering packets.

D

dual-homing A network topology in which a device is connected to the network attwo independent access points. One point is the primary connectionand the other a standby connection that is activated in the event of afailure of the primary connection.

E

E-LAN The Ethernet LAN that provides services through a non-traditionalnetwork. The media of an E-LAN is different from the traditional mediaof a LAN.

E-Line The Ethernet line that provides the Ethernet private line service, theEthernet-based Internet access service, and the point-to-point EthernetVPN service.

E-Tree The Ethernet multicast service, that is, the point-to-multipoint E-LANservice.

F

FDI Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to thesink node of the LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includesfields to indicate the nature of the defect and its location. Its primarypurpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level clientLSPs and (in turn) their client layers.

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FEC Forwarding equivalence class. A term used in multiprotocol labelswitching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets with similar or identicalcharacteristics which may be forwarded the same way; that is, they maybe bound to the same MPLS label.

forwarding plane Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.

frame A repetitive set of consecutive timeslots constituting a complete cycleof a signal or of another process in which the relative position of eachtimeslot in the cycle can be identified.

H

hop A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internetoperation a hop represents a small step on the route from one maincomputer to another.

I

IGMP snooping Internet group management protocol snooping. A mechanism used forsignaling from the host to the router, in the end network of IP multicast.Through IGMP, the host joins or quits a multicast group, and the routerdetermines whether multicast group members exist in the downstreamnetwork segment.

IGP Interior gateway protocol. A routing protocol that is used within anautonomous system. The IGP runs in small-sized and medium-sizednetworks. The commonly used IGPs are the routing informationprotocol (RIP), the interior gateway routing protocol (IGRP), theenhanced IGRP (EIGRP), and the open shortest path first (OSPF).

IMA Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) demultiplexes a concentratedflow of ATM cells into multiple lower-rate links, and at the remote endmultiplexes these lower-rate links to recover the original concentratedflow of ATM cells.

IS-IS Intermediate system to intermediate system. A protocol used bynetwork devices (routers) to determine the best way to forwarddatagrams or packets through a packet-based network. It is a dynamicrouting protocol designed by ISO.

L

L2VPN Layer 2 virtual private network. A virtual private network realized inthe packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer 2 switchingtechnologies.

LAG Link aggregation group. A group in which multiple links connected tothe same equipment are bundled together to increase the bandwidth andimprove the link reliability. An LAG can be regarded as one link.

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LDP Label distribution protocol. A protocol using which two label switchrouters (LSR) exchange label mapping information. The two LSRs arecalled LDP peers and the exchange of information is bidirectional. LDPis used to build and maintain LSR databases that are used to forwardtraffic through MPLS networks.

link A "topological component" that provides transport capacity betweentwo endpoints in different subnetworks via a fixed (that is, inflexiblerouting) relationship.

LSP Label switch path. An ingress and egress switched path built througha series of LSRs to forward the packets of a particular FEC using a labelswapping forwarding mechanism.

LSR Label switch router. A device located in the core of the network thatswitches labeled packets according to precomputed switching rules.This device can be a switch or a router.

M

MPLS L2VPN The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on anMPLS network. In this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrieris able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of different media types, such as ATM,FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.

MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, andprovides a set of fault detection tools and fault correct mechanisms forMPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and relevant protection switchingcomponents implement the detection function for the CR-LSPforwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms aftera fault occurs. In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to theminimum.

MPLS TE tunnel In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to betransported through multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used.In traffic engineering, such a group of LSP tunnels are referred to asTE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two identifiers. One is theTunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquelydefine the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by theSENDER_TEMPLATE or FILTER_SPEC object.

MSTP The multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) can be used in a loopnetwork. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so thatthe loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case, theproliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loopnetwork.

multicast To transmit data to multiple recipients on the network at the same timeusing one transmission stream to the switches, at which point data aredistributed out to the end users on separate lines.

N

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NSAP Network service access point. The point at which the OSI NetworkService is made available to a Transport entity. The NSAPs areidentified by OSI Network Addresses. The NSAP is a generic standardfor a network address consisting of 20 octets. ATM has specified E.164for public network addressing and the NSAP address structure forprivate network addresses.

P

packet The information unit at the network layer.

PDU Packet data unit. The unit that is transported in a local interconnectnetwork (LIN) diagnostic frame. A PDU used for node configurationis a complete message.

POS Packet over SDH/SONET. A MAN and WAN technology that providespoint-to-point data connections. The POS interface uses SDH/SONETas the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of packet data(such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.

PW A pseudo wire is an emulated point-to-point connection over a packetswitched network that allows the interconnection of two nodes withany L2 technology.

PWE3 Pseudo wire emulation edge to edge. In a packet switched network(PSN), a Layer 2 service bearing technology that emulates as truly aspossible the basic behaviors and characteristics of ATM services, framerelay services, Ethernet services, low speed TDM services, SONET/SDH services, and other services.

Q

QoS Quality of service. The capability of equipment to provide differentlevels of quality for different services.

R

route A path for traffic between two designated points.

S

switching The process of interconnecting functional units, transmission channelsor telecommunication circuits for as long as is required to conveysignals.

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synchronous statusmessage

A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signalson a synchronous timing link. By reading the SSM, a node clock in theSDH network and the synchronization network obtains the upstreamclock information. The SSM performs relevant operations (such astracing, switching, and hold-over) on the clock of the local node, andthen transmits the synchronization information of the local node to thedownstream.

T

traffic engineering Traffic engineering (TE) encompasses traffic management, capacitymanagement, traffic measurement and modelling, network modelling,and performance analysis.

tunnel A information transmission channel that is set up between two entitiesin the application of VPN. A tunnel provides sufficient security toprevent intrusion to the VPN internal information.

V

V-NNI A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-sideinterface.

VPLS Virtual private LAN service. A service that, with the assistance of anIP public network, realizes the interconnection of LANs through aVPN. The VPLS is the extension of a LAN in the IP public network.

VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service. A virtual private wire service is a point-to-point circuit (link) connecting two customer edge devices. The linkis established as a logical through a packet switched network. The CEin the customer network is connected to a PE in the provider networkvia an attachment circuit. The attachment circuit is either a physical ora logical circuit.

V-UNI A virtual user-network interface is a client-side interface.

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C Acronyms and Abbreviations

A

ACL Access Control List

AF Assured Forwarding

APS Automatic Protection Switching

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM PVC ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit

B

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BSC Base Station Controller

BTS Base Transceiver Station

C

CES Circuit Emulation Service

CSPF Constraint-based Shortest Path First

CV Connectivity Verification

CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplx

D

DCC Data Communication Channel

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DCN Data Communication Network

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

E

E-Aggr Ethernet Aggregation

E-LAN Ethernet LAN

E-Line Ethernet Line

ECC Embedded Control Channel

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EPL Ethernet Private Line

EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN

ETH-CC Ethernet Continuity Check

ETH-LB Ethernet Loopback

ETH-LT Ethernet Link Trace

ETS European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI European Telecommunications StandardsInstitute

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

F

FDI Forward Defect Indicator

FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class

FFD Fast Failure Detection

FRR Fast Reroute

G

GCP GMPLS Control Plane

GE Gigabit Ethernet

GFP Generic Framing Procedure

GR Graceful Restart

C Acronyms and AbbreviationsOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

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H

HA High Availability

H-QoS Hierarchical Quality of Service

I

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers

IGP Interior Gateway Protocol

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management ProtocolSnooping

IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM

IP Internet Protocol

IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union -Telecommunication Standardization Sector

L

L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Network

L3VPN Layer3 Virtual Private Network

LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG Link Aggregation Group

LAN Local Area Network

LDP Label Distribution Protocol

LMSP Linear Multiplex Section Protection

LPT Link State Path Through

LSA Link State Advertisement

LSP Label Switch Path

LSR Label Switch Router

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M

MAC Media Access Control

MEP Maintenance End Point

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

ML-PPP Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol

MP Merge Point

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

MPLS TE Multiprotocol Label Switching TrafficEngineering

MSP Multiplex Section Protection

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

N

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NSF Non-Stop Forwarding

O

OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance

P

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PE Provider Edge

PLR Point of Local Repair

POS Packet over SDH/SONET

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PTN Packet Transport Network

PW Pseudo Wire

Q

QoS Quality of Service

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R

RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

S

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLA Service Level Agreement

STP Spanning Tree Protocol

T

TE Traffic Engineering

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

V

V-NNI Virtual Network-Network Interface

V-UNI Virtual User-Network Interface

VC Virtual Channel

VCC Virtual Channel Connection

VCCV Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

VP Virtual Path

VPC Virtual Path Connection

VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service

VPN Virtual Private Network

VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service

W

WTR Wait to Restore

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Index

Aaccess capability, 2-3ACL, 5-22application

E-LAN service, 9-7E-Line service, 9-6mobile service, 9-2

BBFD, 5-23

Cclock, 2-14compliant standard list, A-1

DDCN, 2-15diagnosis and debugging, 7-3

EE-Aggr service, 4-12E-LAN service, 4-11E-Line service, 4-11environment requirement

storage, 10-25Transportation, 10-27

Ethernet OAM, 2-13expansion and upgrade, 7-3

GGRE tunnel, 5-15

Hhardware

board, 3-9slots for boards, 3-10structure, 3-4subrack, 3-6

IIGMP Snooping, 5-20inband DCN, 2-15interface type

service interface, 2-5IP tunnel, 5-15IS-IS routing protocol, 5-6

Ll3vpn service

introduction, 4-16laser class, 10-21log

security log, 8-3Syslog, 8-3

Mmonitoring and maintenance, 7-2MPLS

basic concept, 5-3equipment feature, 5-5generation background, 5-3signaling, 5-14system structure, 5-5

MPLS OAM, 2-13MSTP, 5-21

Nnetwork application, 1-3network management system, 7-3NSF, 2-14

OOAM

Ethernet OAM, 2-13MPLS OAM, 2-13security management, 8-1

offload solution, 9-9

OptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN SeriesProduct Description Index

Issue 01 (2009-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

i-1

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operation and configuration toolT2000, 7-2

Pprotection

1+1 protection for PIU, 6-51+1 protection for SCA, 6-31+1 protection for XCS, 6-4capability, 2-11FRR protection, 6-8IMA, 6-17LAG protection, 6-10linear MSP protection, 6-13ML-PPP protection, 6-16MPLS Tunnel 1+1 protection, 6-6MPLS Tunnel 1:1 protection, 6-7MSTP protection, 6-11TPS protection, 6-2

protocolIS-IS, 5-6MSTP, 5-21

PWE3, 5-15

QQoS

CAR, 5-18congestion management, 5-19DiffServ, 5-17flow classification, 5-17HQoS, 5-19overview, 2-12queue scheduling, 5-19shaping, 5-19

Ssafety certification, 10-24security

access control, 8-2ACL, 8-2authentication, 8-2authorization, 8-2network, 8-2password, 8-3security log, 8-3Syslog, 8-3system, 8-3user name, 8-3

serviceATM service, 4-13CES service, 4-14Ethernet service, 4-9

E-Aggr service, 4-12E-LAN service, 4-11E-Line service, 4-11

IMA service, 4-13

service model, 4-2service type, 2-3

service interface type, 2-5service processing

ATM service processing, 4-8CES service processing, 4-9Ethernet service processing, 4-7

softwarearchitecture, 3-12board software, 3-15NE software, 3-14

switching capability, 2-3system

functional modules, 3-2

Ttechnical specification

AD1, 10-13ASD1, 10-14cabinet, 10-2CD1, 10-13clock interface, 10-22CMR2, 10-19CMR4, 10-18D75, 10-17EFG2, 10-11EG16, 10-7, 10-8EMC, 10-23FAN, 10-21MD1, 10-13MP1, 10-12MQ1, 10-13PIU, 10-21POD41, 10-16reliability, 10-23SCA, 10-20, 10-20subrack, 10-2system performance, 10-3XCS, 10-21, 10-21

IndexOptiX PTN 3900 Packet Transport Platform of PTN Series

Product Description

i-2 Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2009-06-30)