opto-coat 2012 - ingesnetopto-coat 2012 chairmen agustín r. gonzález-elipe (institute of materials...

64
opto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE C.N. Afonso (IO-CSIC), J.M. Albella (ICMM-CSIC), J. Barriga (Tekniker), M. Brizuela (Tecnalia), A. Cavaleiro (University of Coimbra), J.L. Endrino (Abengoa Research), M. Gabás (University of Malaga), A. Griol (Polytechnic University of Valencia), M. Holgado Bolaños (Polytechnic University of Madrid), C. López (ICMM), J. Martorell (ICFO), R. Rodríguez (AIN), O. Sánchez (ICMM-CSIC), F. Yubero (ICMSE-CSIC).

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Page 1: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

opto-coat 2012

CHAIRMEN

Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville ICMSE-CSIC)

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials Science of Madrid ICMM-CSIC)

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

CN Afonso (IO-CSIC) JM Albella (ICMM-CSIC) J Barriga (Tekniker) M Brizuela

(Tecnalia) A Cavaleiro (University of Coimbra) JL Endrino (Abengoa Research)

M Gabaacutes (University of Malaga) A Griol (Polytechnic University of Valencia) M

Holgado Bolantildeos (Polytechnic University of Madrid) C Loacutepez (ICMM) J Martorell

(ICFO) R Rodriacuteguez (AIN) O Saacutenchez (ICMM-CSIC) F Yubero (ICMSE-CSIC)

Opto-Coat 2012 logo figures (from Left to Right) Fig 1- Parabolic receiver for concentrated solar power (CSP) technology Image credits Schott AG wwwschott-picturesnetpictures Fig 2 - Biology and physics come together to enable the development of advanced photonic crystals (Nature Materials 2010) Image credits Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) webmitedunewsoffice2010photonics-crystals-1019html Fig 3- A drop of water balances perfectly on a plastic surface invented by researchers at Ohio State University (Nature nanotechnology 2007) Image credits Jo McCulty Ohio State University researchnewsosueduarchivenanocrpthtm Fig 4- Beneq ALD coatings for decorative coatings Image credits Beneq wwwbeneqcom Fig 5- First LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified parking garage in USA Image credits Yanko design wwwyankodesigncom Fig 6- Novel structures of Plastic Optical Fibres (POF) for data communications and sensors in optoelectronics Image credits Optoelectronics Group London Metropolitan University wwwlondonmetacuk Fig 7- Transparent non-volatile memory chip that could open the way for see-through computers and other appliances Image credits Park Jae-woo and Lim Koeng-su at the Daejeon-based Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology wwwkaistedu Fig 8- Coloured UV Poly-Fibre Optic Spray consists of cracked polymer fibres in UV reactive sheathing Up to 8 different colours of tails can be incorporated into one harness Image credits Technical Solutions wwwtecsolcomau

3

FOREWORD 5

VENUE 7

PROGRAMME 9

ORAL SESSION I 15

ORAL SESSION II 23

ORAL SESSION III 31

ORALPOSTER SESSION 43

AUTHOR INDEX 59

5

This one day national workshop addresses the last advances in optical coatings

and other nanostructured supported systems of great importance for the

development of integrated structures and other advanced photonic components

Three main areas of RampD in this topic will be particularly considered photonics

solar energy recovery and classical optical applications of thin films The scope of

the meeting covers fundamental and applied aspects encompassing the latest

advances in fabrication technologies the analysis and properties of the films and

nanostructures as well as the modelling of their photonic behaviour OPTO-

COAT includes contributions on surface functionalization and thin film

preparation to achieve a better control and development of the optical

properties

Coinciding its celebration with the XIII National Conference of Materials

OPTO-COAT will provide a specific and unique forum where researchers and

engineers from Spain and abroad will have the opportunity to exchange their

latest experiments and more interesting scientific results with a focused

perspective onto optical and photonic applications of deposited materials The

participation in the three thematic areas of well-known speakers will provide a

unique opportunity to first-hand learning the latest advances and main

challenges in this emerging scientific discipline

Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe and Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

(OPTO-COAT Chairmen)

7

OPTO-COAT workshop will be held in the campus of the University of Alicante

The oral sessions will take place in room A10-02M on the ground floor of

the Aulario I while the poster session and the lunch will be allocated at the Club

Social I right in front of Aulario I (see map below)

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 2: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

Opto-Coat 2012 logo figures (from Left to Right) Fig 1- Parabolic receiver for concentrated solar power (CSP) technology Image credits Schott AG wwwschott-picturesnetpictures Fig 2 - Biology and physics come together to enable the development of advanced photonic crystals (Nature Materials 2010) Image credits Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) webmitedunewsoffice2010photonics-crystals-1019html Fig 3- A drop of water balances perfectly on a plastic surface invented by researchers at Ohio State University (Nature nanotechnology 2007) Image credits Jo McCulty Ohio State University researchnewsosueduarchivenanocrpthtm Fig 4- Beneq ALD coatings for decorative coatings Image credits Beneq wwwbeneqcom Fig 5- First LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified parking garage in USA Image credits Yanko design wwwyankodesigncom Fig 6- Novel structures of Plastic Optical Fibres (POF) for data communications and sensors in optoelectronics Image credits Optoelectronics Group London Metropolitan University wwwlondonmetacuk Fig 7- Transparent non-volatile memory chip that could open the way for see-through computers and other appliances Image credits Park Jae-woo and Lim Koeng-su at the Daejeon-based Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology wwwkaistedu Fig 8- Coloured UV Poly-Fibre Optic Spray consists of cracked polymer fibres in UV reactive sheathing Up to 8 different colours of tails can be incorporated into one harness Image credits Technical Solutions wwwtecsolcomau

3

FOREWORD 5

VENUE 7

PROGRAMME 9

ORAL SESSION I 15

ORAL SESSION II 23

ORAL SESSION III 31

ORALPOSTER SESSION 43

AUTHOR INDEX 59

5

This one day national workshop addresses the last advances in optical coatings

and other nanostructured supported systems of great importance for the

development of integrated structures and other advanced photonic components

Three main areas of RampD in this topic will be particularly considered photonics

solar energy recovery and classical optical applications of thin films The scope of

the meeting covers fundamental and applied aspects encompassing the latest

advances in fabrication technologies the analysis and properties of the films and

nanostructures as well as the modelling of their photonic behaviour OPTO-

COAT includes contributions on surface functionalization and thin film

preparation to achieve a better control and development of the optical

properties

Coinciding its celebration with the XIII National Conference of Materials

OPTO-COAT will provide a specific and unique forum where researchers and

engineers from Spain and abroad will have the opportunity to exchange their

latest experiments and more interesting scientific results with a focused

perspective onto optical and photonic applications of deposited materials The

participation in the three thematic areas of well-known speakers will provide a

unique opportunity to first-hand learning the latest advances and main

challenges in this emerging scientific discipline

Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe and Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

(OPTO-COAT Chairmen)

7

OPTO-COAT workshop will be held in the campus of the University of Alicante

The oral sessions will take place in room A10-02M on the ground floor of

the Aulario I while the poster session and the lunch will be allocated at the Club

Social I right in front of Aulario I (see map below)

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

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50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 3: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

3

FOREWORD 5

VENUE 7

PROGRAMME 9

ORAL SESSION I 15

ORAL SESSION II 23

ORAL SESSION III 31

ORALPOSTER SESSION 43

AUTHOR INDEX 59

5

This one day national workshop addresses the last advances in optical coatings

and other nanostructured supported systems of great importance for the

development of integrated structures and other advanced photonic components

Three main areas of RampD in this topic will be particularly considered photonics

solar energy recovery and classical optical applications of thin films The scope of

the meeting covers fundamental and applied aspects encompassing the latest

advances in fabrication technologies the analysis and properties of the films and

nanostructures as well as the modelling of their photonic behaviour OPTO-

COAT includes contributions on surface functionalization and thin film

preparation to achieve a better control and development of the optical

properties

Coinciding its celebration with the XIII National Conference of Materials

OPTO-COAT will provide a specific and unique forum where researchers and

engineers from Spain and abroad will have the opportunity to exchange their

latest experiments and more interesting scientific results with a focused

perspective onto optical and photonic applications of deposited materials The

participation in the three thematic areas of well-known speakers will provide a

unique opportunity to first-hand learning the latest advances and main

challenges in this emerging scientific discipline

Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe and Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

(OPTO-COAT Chairmen)

7

OPTO-COAT workshop will be held in the campus of the University of Alicante

The oral sessions will take place in room A10-02M on the ground floor of

the Aulario I while the poster session and the lunch will be allocated at the Club

Social I right in front of Aulario I (see map below)

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 4: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

5

This one day national workshop addresses the last advances in optical coatings

and other nanostructured supported systems of great importance for the

development of integrated structures and other advanced photonic components

Three main areas of RampD in this topic will be particularly considered photonics

solar energy recovery and classical optical applications of thin films The scope of

the meeting covers fundamental and applied aspects encompassing the latest

advances in fabrication technologies the analysis and properties of the films and

nanostructures as well as the modelling of their photonic behaviour OPTO-

COAT includes contributions on surface functionalization and thin film

preparation to achieve a better control and development of the optical

properties

Coinciding its celebration with the XIII National Conference of Materials

OPTO-COAT will provide a specific and unique forum where researchers and

engineers from Spain and abroad will have the opportunity to exchange their

latest experiments and more interesting scientific results with a focused

perspective onto optical and photonic applications of deposited materials The

participation in the three thematic areas of well-known speakers will provide a

unique opportunity to first-hand learning the latest advances and main

challenges in this emerging scientific discipline

Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe and Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

(OPTO-COAT Chairmen)

7

OPTO-COAT workshop will be held in the campus of the University of Alicante

The oral sessions will take place in room A10-02M on the ground floor of

the Aulario I while the poster session and the lunch will be allocated at the Club

Social I right in front of Aulario I (see map below)

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 5: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

7

OPTO-COAT workshop will be held in the campus of the University of Alicante

The oral sessions will take place in room A10-02M on the ground floor of

the Aulario I while the poster session and the lunch will be allocated at the Club

Social I right in front of Aulario I (see map below)

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 6: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

VACUUM CHAMBERS

hellipmade to suit our

customersrsquo requirements

- Sample holders

- Shutters

- In-vacuum manipulation

- Thin Film Production

CRYOGENICS

hellipadapted to the

existing systems

- Cryo-free cooling

- Cryostats

- LIN sample cooling

Contact criolabclixpt

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 7: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

PROGRAMME

11

830 Registration

900 Opening Session

SESSION I

Chairman Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

905

Invited lecture

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to energy

efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden

INV1

945

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR1-1

1005

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR1-2

1025

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and MoSi3N4

cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

OR1-3

1045

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Albano Cavaleiro

Universidad de Coimbra Portugal

OR1-4

1105

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

Noelia Benito

Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Spain

OR1-5

1125

POSTER PRESENTATION I

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust Sensor

of the MetNet Space Mission

Francisco Corteacutes

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

PO1

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

PO2

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro

Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Spain

PO3

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 8: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

PROGRAMME

12

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena

Asociacioacuten de la Industria Navarra Spain

PO4

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing applications

Nuno Figueiredo

Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

PO5

1145 Coffee Break

SESSION II

Chairman Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo

1210

Invited lecture

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato

CENIMATI3N Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal

INV2

1250

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive Ga-

doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

Efraiacuten Ochoa

Universidad de Maacutelaga Spain

OR2-1

1310

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained by

DC magnetron sputtering

Adolfo Mosquera

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-2

1330

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui

Tekniker Research Centre Spain

OR2-3

1350

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown by

magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR2-4

1410

POSTER PRESENTATION II

Electrochromic behaviour of WxSiyOz thin films prepared by reactive

magnetron sputtering at normal and glancing angles

Francisco Yubero

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO6

Synthesis of nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle sputtering

deposition

Diana Toledano

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

PO7

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 9: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

PROGRAMME

13

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

PO8

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de silicio

enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CSIC Spain

PO9

Preparation of antirreflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten

Tecnalia Energy Unit Spain

PO10

1430 Lunch and Poster Session

SESSION III

Chairman Joseacute Mariacutea Albella

1600

Invited lecture

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid films

Cleacutement Sanchez

CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et Marie Curie France

INV3

1640

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral hole

burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

Ernesto Baena-Murillo

Universidad de Alicante Spain

OR3-1

1700

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Spain

OR3-2

1720

Fluorescent thin films prepared by plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Aacutengel Barranco

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC Spain

OR3-3

1740

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

Ruth Lahoz

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoacuten CSIC Spain

OR3-4

1800

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica nanoparticles

Enric Bertraacuten

Universitat de Barcelona Spain

OR3-5

1820 Closure

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 10: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

Vaacutelvulas de Alto y Ultra‐Alto Vaciacuteo

Sistemas de Evaporacioacuten y Sputtering

raquo Vaacutelvulas angulares en liacutenearaquo Vaacutelvulas de guillotinaraquo Alto y Ultra Vaciacuteo

raquo Vaacutelvulas especiales

raquo Procesos de evaporacioacuten en alto vaciacuteoraquo Fuentes teacutermicas y cantildeoacuten de electrones

raquo Procesos de sputtering (DC RF PulsedDC RF‐Bias)

raquo Tecnologiacutea de arcoraquo Trampas friacuteas para reduccioacuten de tiempos de bombeo

raquo Teacutecnicas de limpieza y calentamiento de sustratos

Aplicacionesraquo Equipos de laboratorioraquo Maacutequinas prototiposraquo Sistemas industriales

wwwtecnovaces ‐ tecnovactecnovaces ‐ 918 041 134

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 11: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

17

INV1

Thermochromics and nanothermochromics New approaches to

energy efficient ldquosmartrdquo windows

Claes G Granqvist

Department of Engineering Sciences The Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala University

P O Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Email for corresponding author claes-gorangranqvistangstromuuse

Thermochromic technology can be employed for regulating the solar energy

throughput in ldquosmartrdquo windows with the object of achieving energy efficiency in

buildings Thin films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) give an appropriate starting

point for developing this functionality they have a significantly higher infrared

transmittance below a ldquocriticalrdquo temperature τc than above this temperature as a

result of a reversible structural transformation However VO2 films cannot be

used without modification for three main reasons (i) the modulation of solar

transmittance ΔTsol is too small at τc (ii) the luminous transmittance Tlum is too

low and (iii) τc is ~68 degC and hence too high for normal buildings-related

applications I describe how these three problems can be met to a large degree

and thus how thermochromic fenestration for energy efficient buildings can

come closer to practical realization In particular I discuss how

nanothermochromicsmdashinvolving VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than

thin filmsmdashmake it possible to significantly improve ΔTsol as well Tlum how

magnesium doping of VO2 can give further enhancements of Tlum and how

tungsten doping (and to some extent also magnesium doping) can bring τc to a

normal comfort temperature Finally I outline how thermochromics may be

combined with electrochromics and vacuum insulation in order to create novel

ldquosuper fenestrationrdquo for buildings with radically improved energy performance

and a high degree of indoor comfort

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 12: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

18

OR1-1

Luminescent oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron

sputtering and plasma decomposition of non-volatile precursors

J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco FJ Ferrer AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This paper reports on a new procedure of preparation ox mixed oxide thin films

that combines the traditional reactive magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition of

one of the oxide components with the plasma activated decomposition of non-

volatile precursors at room temperature The procedure consists of using the

plasma activated by the magnetron discharge to decompose a metal-organic

compound sublimated by means of an effusion cell within the deposition

chamber This approach is of interest when any of the cations is not stable in air

or cannot be incorporated in a mixed magnetron target [1]

In this presentation the capabilities of this new experimental procedure are

shown with the preparation of luminescent thin films consisting of rare earth

(RE) cations (Tb3+ Eu3+ hellip) incorporated as minority elements in an oxide matrix

(TiO2 SiO2 ZnO) In these preparations the oxide matrix was supplied by

reactive MS from Ti Si or Zn targets while the RE cation was dosed by

sublimation of acetylacetonate compounds The obtained mixed oxide thin films

have been characterized by different methods and their luminescent properties

studied as a function of RE element present in the film Potential applications as

luminescent electroluminescent and ionluminiscent materials are discussed

[1] J Gil-Rostra F Yubero A Barranco AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Procedimiento para la preparacioacuten de

peliacuteculas delgadas de oacutexidos mixtos sobre sustratos y dispositivo para su realizacioacuten Spanish patent

P201230048 Presented 13 January 2012

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 13: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

19

OR1-2

Uso de estructuras fotoacutenicas como ARC para ceacutelulas solares de Silicio

Jeroacutenimo Buencuerpo Farintildea Jose M Llorens Montolio Luis E Mun oz

Camun ez Mariacute a L Dotor Castilla y Pablo A Postigo Resa

Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Madrid Grupo MBE Tres Cantos Madrid Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jeronimobuencuerpoimmcnmcsices

En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el disen o de antireflectantes para ce lulas

solares de silicio mediante estructuras foto nicas Sistemas micro-texturizados

como pira mides ldquopaneles de abejardquo han sido utilizados anteriormente dando

buenos resultados pero siempre desde una perspectiva del trazado de rayos o

por pura dispersio n de la luz por el sistema aleatorio [12] Es por ello que los

cristales foto nicos al ser estructuras regulares con taman os tiacute picos inferiores a la

longitud de onda de trabajo del sistema pueden aportar mejoras en el

atrapamiento de luz y actuar como antireflectantes y entre otras posibles

mejoras reducir el orden 0 de reflexio n como tambie n se ha explorado en otros

trabajos [3] Las simulaciones se han hecho centra ndose en la reflexio n global

para sistemas formados por un cristal foto nico como antireflectante y un sustrato

infinito de silicio Se han utilizado tres materiales distintos SiO2 Si3N4 y ZnS

tiacute picamente usados en sistemas antireflectantes laminares Tambie n se han

realizado ca lculos para una nanoestructuracio n superficial en el silicio a modo de

antireflectante Los cristales propuestos son bidimensionales (red cuadrada)

compuestos de nanopilares y nanoagujeros Las dimensiones correspondientes

al para metro de red se mantienen por debajo de una micra Se ha introducido un

fino sustrato localizado entre cristal foto nico parte superior y el sustrato de

silicio La figura de me rito que se ha utilizado es un liacute mite Shockley Queisser [4]

Para un sustrato infinito la absorcio n se calculo como 1-R Se lograron eficiencias

correspondientes a un 95 del ma ximo teo rico calculado para los sistemas de

nanopilares de Si3N4 y de ZnS Los sistemas calculados por tanto muestran una

buena respuesta para las energiacute as interesantes para la conversio n fotovoltaica

[1] J Zhao et al Applied Physics Letters 73 14 (1998)

[2] D H Macdonald et al Solar Energy 76 13 277-283 (2004)

[3] A Bozzola et al Optics Express 20 nordm S2 pp A224-A244 (2012)

[4] W Shockley y H J Queisser Journal of Applied Physics 32 3 510-519 (1961)

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 14: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

20

OR1-3

Computer simulation of the optical properties of MoSiO2 and Mo

Si3N4 cermet solar selective coatings

Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez-Garciacutea1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Eva Ceacutespedes 23 Joseacute

Mariacutea Albella3 Carlos Prieto2

1Tecnalia Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 3 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine - Keele University Guy Hilton

Research Centre Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4-7QB UK

Email for corresponding author jangelsancheztecnaliacom

The design of solar selective coatings for concentrated solar power (CSP)

applications requires a detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of materials

forming the coating [12] Therefore this work is based on computer simulation

program CODE [3] followed by validation through fabrication of the coatings and

optical measurements The design and optimization of the composite coating was

undertaken using a computer tool developed within this program [3] employing

Bruggeman effective medium formalism By this physical model the optical

properties of a composite layer can be easily modified by changing the thickness

and metal volume fraction with the exception of particle size and orientation

Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric materials based on

MoSiO2 and Mo Si3N4 were prepared by DC and RF reactive magnetron

sputtering respectively and were verified with computer simulations The optical

simulation program CODE was able to select a heterostructure based on Ag IR-

mirror[MoSiO2Si3N4]n times repeated (HMVF) [MoSiO2Si3N4]m times repeated (LMVF)

SiO2Si3N4 (AR) stratification with the desired photo-thermal parameters The

results were optimized by allowing the program to manipulate the metal volume

fraction and thickness of each layer and the results compared to choose the best

possible configuration The calculated results are within the range of 092-097

for solar absorptance and 002-010 for thermal emittance at room temperature

[1] M Farooq and MG Hutchins Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71 (2002) 73-83

[2] M Reza V Fathollahi and M Khalaji Solar Energy 78 (2005) 235-241

[3] W Theiss Coating Designer (CODE) software program httpwwwwtheisscom

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 15: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

21

OR1-4

Coloured W-O coatings based on gradient of chemical composition

Nuno Parreira1 Tomas Polcar2 Tomas Kubart3 Mikhail Vasilevskiy4 Albano

Cavaleiro1

1 University of Coimbra CEMUC Coimbra Portugal 2 University of Southampton n-CATS Southampton UK

3 Uppsala University Angstrom Laboratory Uppsala Sweden 4 University of Minho Physics Department Braga Portugal

Email for corresponding author albanocavaleirodemucpt

A new design of decorative coatings will be presented The coatings have a

multilayer design consisting of alternating metallic W and W-O layers The

coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and

pulsing the oxygen as reactive gas The controlled injection of the reactive gas can

produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide

determining the final apparent colour of the coating To this gradient layer

corresponds a graded refractive index

The pulsing parameters determines the deposition of the alternating layers

in such a way that the starting step of the O-rich layer before reaching the

deposition in compound mode originates different gradients of the chemical

composition Therefore different colours could be achieved

With the help of a dynamic sputtering model built to simulate the growth of

the coating during the reactive gas pulsing the gradient layer can be simulated as

a function of the deposition and pulsing parameters This model was validated by

direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in some deposited

coatings These results in conjunction with an optical model describing the

optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layers allows the deposition of

coatings with a desired colour

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 16: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION I

22

OR1-5

Optical properties of Cr-O-Al mixed oxides grown by reactive

magnetron sputtering

N Benito1 R Escobar Galindo2 D Diacuteaz1 O Saacutenchez2 I Caretti 2 and C Palacio1

1Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Facultad de Ciencias Moacutedulo 12 Universidad

Autoacutenoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author noeliabenitouames

The influence of the chemical composition of Cr-O-Al thin film mixed oxides

grown on Si (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using different

target compositions from 90 Cr (10 Al) to 10 Cr (90 Al) on the optical

properties (refractive index and reflectivity) has been investigated

Concentration depth profiles (CDP) obtained with XPS and simultaneous Ar+

bombardment reveal the formation of mixed substitutional Me2O3 oxides

(Me=Al+Cr) The observed chemical shift of the Cr 2p Al 2s and O 1s bands

obtained with XPS as well as the structural information provided by FTIR and

XANES confirm the formation of such a type of oxides instead of the formation of

single oxide binary phases Finally the formation of mixed oxides derived in a

control of the optical properties of the films as measured by spectroscopic

ellipsometry and UV-VIS In particular it was found that the refractive index

measured at 600 nm varies in the range 16923 as the chromium amount

decreases Such values lie between those corresponding to Cr2O3 (n = 17) and

Al2O3 (n = 25) and are dependent both on the chemical composition and the

density of the film

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 17: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

25

INV2

Transparent Electronics From materials to devices

Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins

CENIMATI3N Departamento de Ciecircncia dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciecircncias e

Tecnologia FCT Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA 2829-516

Caparica Portugal

Email for corresponding author emffctunlpt

Transparent electronics has arrived and is contributing for generating a free real

state electronics that is able to add new electronic functionalities onto surfaces

which currently are not used in this manner and where silicon cannot contribute

[1] The already high performance developed n- and p-type TFTs have been

processed by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques like rf magnetron

sputtering at room temperature which is already compatible with the use of low

cost and flexible substrates (polymers cellulose paper among others)

Besides that a tremendous development is coming

through solution-based technologies very exciting for

ink-jet printing where the theoretical limitations are

becoming practical evidences In this paper we will

review some of the most promising new technologies

for n- and p-type thin film transistors based on oxide

semiconductors and its currently and future

applications

[1] P Barquinha R Martins L Pereira and E Fortunato

Transparent Semiconductors From Materials to Devices West

Sussex Wiley amp Sons (March 2012) ISBN 9780470683736

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

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48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

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50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 18: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

26

OR2-1

Spectrometric ellipsometry characterization of highly conductive

Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited onto Si wafers

E Ochoa1 S Bijani1 AR Landa-Caacutenovas2 P Herrero2 M Gabaacutes1 S Palanco1 L

Ayala1 F Agulloacute-Rueda2 and JR Ramos-Barrado1

1Dpto de Fiacutesica Aplicada I Lab de Materiales y Superficies Univ de Maacutelaga 29071

Maacutelaga Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding authore8amumaes

The suitability of GaZnO as a transparent and conductive material has been

assessed in this work To this end the properties of ZnO and GaZnO thin films

deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto Si wafer substrates have been

evaluated and compared using a wide variety of experimental techniques such as

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) optical ellipsometry secondary neutral

mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission

spectroscopies (XPS UPS) The electrical and optical properties of GaZnO films

have been proved to improve with respect to their respective undoped

counterparts [1] Our results illustrate a well-defined interface between the Ga-

doped film and the Si substrate with a band structure bending which smoothly

adapts to the valence bands of both GaZnO and Si Thus Ga doped ZnO films (1

at) stand out as very promising candidates with application as transparent

conductive oxides in Si solar cell fabrication

[1] M Gabaacutes P Diacuteaz-Carrasco F Agulloacute-Rueda P Herrero AR Landa-Caacutenovas JR Ramos-Barrado

Solar Ener Mat amp Solar Cells 95 2327 (2011)

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 19: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

27

OR2-2

Exciton photoluminescence in transparent ZnO thin films obtained

by DC magnetron sputtering

A Mosquera1 D Horwat2 P Miska3 A Rashkovskiy4 D Wainstein4 A Kovalev4

JL Endrino5 JM Albella1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Institut Jean Lamour Ecole des Mines de Nancy Parc de Saurupt 54042 Nancy

France 3Universite Henri Poincare Deacutepartement 2 Chimie et Physique des Solides et des

Surfaces Nancy France 4 Surface Phenomena Researches Group 2nd Baumanskaya str 923

CNIICHERMET off 475 105005 Moscow Russia 5 Abengoa Research SL Campus Palmas Altas Sector Sunp-Gu-1 Palmas Altas

41014 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author aamosqueraicmmcsices

ZnO thin films with different thicknesses were deposited by DC magnetron

sputtering The structure and photoluminescence of these films before and after

annealing at a temperature of 170oC were studied The crystal structure of the

samples was analysed by XRD showing that the films have an orientation along

the lt0002gt crystalline direction with a hexagonal wurtzite structure The

chemical composition and bonding of the samples were determined by XPS In

addition transmittance and PL spectra were recorded to study the exciton

response of the samples X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements

(XANES) at K-L3 and O-K edges evidenced a different bonding state for the

thinnest film The weak exciton emission of the as-deposited ZnO films was

correlated to the presence of H2O and OH species absorbed by the surface of the

samples likely due to the polar behaviour of ZnO After annealing all the samples

showed improvement of the free exciton emission and shift towards or within

the UV region The sample with thickness t =1160plusmn08 nm exhibited the best

crystalline quality and strongest exciton response after annealing meanwhile the

thinner sample with t =100plusmn10 nm had a broad and low intensity UV emission

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 20: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

28

OR2-3

Optimization of optical electrical and mechanical properties of

transparent and conductive al doped zinc oxide films prepared by dc

pulsed magnetron sputtering

Eva Gutieacuterrez-Berasategui Raquel Bayoacuten Cristina Zubizarreta Javier Barriga

Tekniker Research Centre Eibar Guipuzcoa Spain

Email for corresponding author egutierrezteknikeres

The demand of low cost and high performance optoelectronic devices has led to

the development of more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films

mainly for applications such as thin films solar cells or liquid crystal displays In

recent years Al-doped ZnO (AZO) has emerged as one of the most promising

substitute materials for the most currently used doped SnO2 due to its optical and

electrical properties high chemical and mechanical stability together with its

lower cost However work has still to be done to optimize the deposition method

and to understand the influence of growth conditions on its microstructure and

optoelectronic properties Besides the corrosion resistance of these layers is a

key factor to improve the durability of the devices comprising these TCO layers

In this paper Zinc oxide films doped with aluminium were deposited using

DC magnetron sputtering technique An exhaustive analysis of the optical

electrical and corrosion resistance properties of those films as a function of

growth conditions was carried out in order to obtain the optimum deposition

process and the optimum properties of the layers The films have been prepared

on glass substrates at 350 ordmC and 2 kW of power in a semi-industrial equipment

Two different facing ceramic targets (05 wt and 2 wt of Al doped ZnO) have

been used and compared The aim of this study is to correlate the deposition

parameters with optical properties measured by UVVIS spectrometer with the

electrical properties measured by a four point probe and with the

electrochemical corrosion properties measured by means of a standard three

electrodes cell set up The structure morphology and composition of the layers

will be also analysed by x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy and

atomic force microscopy

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 21: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

29

OR2-4

Optical and structural properties of Ti doped ZnO thin films grown

by magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature

Miriam Yuste1 Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo1 Ignacio Caretti1 Noelia Benito2 Jose Ma

Albella1 Olga Saacutenchez1

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2Universidad Autoacutenoma de Madrid Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada Madrid

Spain

Email for corresponding author miriamyusteicmmcsices

Transition metal doping and formation of mixed oxides are widely used

mechanisms to improve the intrinsic properties of binary oxides Both

procedures have been decisive to explain the spectacular increase of applications

based on ZnO and TiO2 films Proven applications of metal-doped ZnO in

optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic and dye sensitized solar cells flat

panel displays photodetectors gas sensors light emitting diodes and blue laser

diodes The majority of previous work on doped ZnO films is related to doping

with group III elements (Al Ga In) but fewer studies have been performed on

quadrivalent dopants as titanium which can provide two free electrons per atom

to improve the conductivity of the ZnO host [1]

In this work ultrathin (thickness lt 40nm) and thin ZnOTi films (thickness

~200 nm) with stoichiometries from very low (~05 at) to high (~25 at)

titanium content were deposited at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron

co-sputtering on (100) silicon wafers and glass substrates Rutherford

backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) experiments were carried out to determine

the chemical composition of the samples The chemical states of the constituents

for the co-sputtered films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic

(XPS) Moreover a study of the transition from Ti doped ZnO to mixed oxide

(ZnO-TiO2) has been performed on the ultrathin films by X-ray absorption near

edge structure (XANES) A comparative study of the information obtained from

RBS XPS and XANES measurements were made The crystalline structure was

studied by X-ray diffraction observing how the highly orientated grown on the

(002) direction of the original ZnO is affected by the incorporation of titanium

Also the variation of the optical properties (transmittance and optical band gap)

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 22: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION II

30

was studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometry observing an improvement in the

transparency at low wavelengths when titanium is incorporated in the ZnO

lattice The optimum Ti doping for the ultrathin films was found to be ~05 at

for which the TZO sample showed a much lower resistivity than the insulating

ZnO films For higher thicknesses the behaviour of the films properties for

different Ti doping levels has been discussed

[1] J L Chung JC Chen and CJ Tseng J Phys Chem Sol 69 535 (2008)

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 23: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

33

INV3

Molecular design of nanostructured inorganic and hybrid Films

Cleacutement Sanchez

Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiegravere Condenseacutee de Paris CNRS Universiteacute Pierre et

Marie Curie

Collegravege de France 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot Bacirctiment D 75231 Paris France

Email for corresponding author clementsanchezupmcfr

The mild synthetic conditions provided by the sol‐gel process such as metallo‐

organic precursors low processing temperatures and the versatility of the

colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at

the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio These features and the advancement

of organometallic chemistry and polymer and sol‐gel processing make possible a

high degree of control over both composition and structure (including

nanostructure) of these materials which present tuneable structure-property

relationships This in turn makes it possible to tailor and fine‐tune properties

(mechanical optical electronic thermal chemical catalytic hellip) in very broad

ranges and to design specific systems Hybrid and inorganic dense or porous

nanomaterials can be processed as monoliths thin films fibres particles The

seemingly unlimited variety unique structure‐property control and the

compositional and shaping flexibility give these materials a high potential This

conference will describe some recent advances on the Chemistry and processing

of Nanostructured and Hierarchically structured Functional Inorganic and hybrid

films

This conference will be given in the honour of my friend and colleague

Professor Purificacioacuten Escribano

For a larger information recent reviews of the group are

- Design Synthesis and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films having Periodically

Organized Nanoporosity C Sanchez C Boissiere D Grosso C Laberty and L Nicole Chemistry of

Materials 20 682 (2008)

- Chimie douce a Land of Opportunities for the Designed Construction of Functional

Inorganic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials C Sanchez L Rozes F Ribot C Laberty-

Robert D Grosso C Sassoye C Boissiere and L Nicole Comptes Rendus Chimie 13 3 (2010)

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 24: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

34

- Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells C Sanchez K Valle F

Perreira and C Laberty-Robert Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00144A (2011)

- Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials C

Boissiere D Grosso A Chaumonnot L Nicole and C Sanchez Advanced Materials DOI

101002adma201001410 (2011)

- Titanium Oxo-Clusters Precursors for a Legolike Construction of Nanostructured Hybrids

Materials L Rozes and C Sanchez Chemical Society Reviews DOI101039C0CS00137F (2011)

- Applications of Advanced Hybrid OrganicndashInorganic Nanomaterials from Laboratory to

Market C Sanchez P Belleville M Popall and L Nicole Chemical Society Reviews DOI

101039c0cs00136h (2011)

- Photonic and Nanobiophotonic Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Hybrid

Organic-Inorganic Materials P Escribano B Julian-Lopez J Planelles-Arago E Cordoncillo B

Viana and C Sanchez Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 23 (2008)

- Biomimetism and Bioinspiration as Tools for the Design of Innovative Materials and

Systems C Sanchez H Arribart and M M G Guille Nature Materials 4 277 (2005)

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 25: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

35

OR3-1

Characterization of host-guest interactions by persistent spectral

hole burning on hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

E Baena-Murillo B Micoacute-Vicent and F Martiacutenez-Verduacute

University of Alicante Colour and Vision Group Alicante Spain

Email for corresponding author ernestobaenauaes

Hybrid nanopigments are intercalation compounds formed by an inorganic host

and an organic cationic dye The interactions that arise are diverse and depends

on several factors [1] Due to the electric negative net charge of the solid an

electrostatic potential is the main interaction between this two components

Then the cation exchange capacity of the host and its amount and type of surface

area are the main effects on the dye adsorption and intercalation process

Besides molecular size and geometry of photoactive species also have effects on

the kinetics Van der Waals interactions and H-bondings are specially present

when the particle size distribution of the inorganic host is mainly in the

nanoscale and can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the media [2]

Thus multiple spectral species can be formed on this hybrid systems and the

characterization must address the type of molecular aggregation and the active

sites of adsorption

In this study the inorganic host is a Na-montmorillonite an smectite-type

clay with a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of 116 meqg The

organic guest CI 51004 is a cationic blue dye from the family of the oxazines In

a first stage the clay is dispersed in water and after the dye solution is added By

continuous stirring the ionic exchange reactions between this two components

takes place and finally thin films of the hybrid system were prepared by the spin-

coating technique Different spectral species are formed (ie dyes adsorbed and

aggregated in different fashions) and consequently different absorption energies

can be measured in comparison with the diluted dye Using polarized light

absorption spectroscopy [3] it is possible to identify the alignment of

immobilized guest molecules within the clay matrix Using a narrow light source

it is possible to promote structural photo-induced changes in isoenergetic

species Typically the amount of molecules with a transition frequency in

resonance with the excitation light will decrease and will be appreciated as an

ldquospectral holerdquo [4] The films were irradiated separately using two laser diode

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 26: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

36

devices with wavelengths of 635 and 655 nm and optical output power of 1500

mW Then depletion kinetics of this transition is used to determine in a relative

quantitative way the different molecular aggregates formed in the inorganic

guest

[1] C Sanchez K J Shea and S Kitagawa Chem SocRev 40 696-753 (2011)

[2] E Ruiz-Hitzky M Darder PAranda and K Ariga Advanced Materials 22 323-36 (2010)

[3] V Martiacutenez F Loacutepez Arbeloa J Bantildeuelos Prieto and I Loacutepez Arbeloa Chemistry of Materials 17

4134-4141 (2005)

[4] Jean-Pierre Galaup Low Temperature Physics 32 1008 (2006)

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

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50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 27: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

37

OR3-2

Structural and photocatalytic properties of multiwalled titanate-

based nanotubes

Ignacio Caretti1 Stefan Ribbens3 Evi Beyers3 Sepideh Zamani2 Evi Vinck2

Angel R Landa Canovas1 Ricardo Torres1 Ignacio Jimeacutenez1 Pegie Cool3 and

Sabine Van Doorslaer2

1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 2 Department of Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk

Belgium 3 Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis University of Antwerpen (UA)

Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium

Email for corresponding author carettiicmmcsices

The widely known ability of TiO2 to absorb UV light is used in many diverse

applications like water treatment solar energy storage antifogging clothes or

antibacterial agents [1] Nowadays the most extended approaches for the

improvement of photoreactivity in TiO2-based materials are a) the controlled

design of new structures at nanoscopic scale [23] to increase the specific surface

area and take advantage of potential properties resulting from size-confinement

effects and b) the use of non-metal and metal doping to enhance light absorption

efficiency by making the material sensitive to visible light [45]

In this work we have investigated non-doped hydrogen trititanate

nanotubes (H-TTNT) grown by hydrothermal synthesis [3] and doped with

transition metals (Cu V hellip) which exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV and

visible light Transmission Electron Microscopy X-ray Absorption Near Edge

Structure (XANES) and photoinduced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and

photocatalytic properties of these materials as well as the effect of calcination at

350oC during the doping process Moreover incorporation of nitrogen via N2-

plasma surface modification of the nanotubes with an RF-CVD setup was

analysed by XANES

[1] A L Linsebigler G Lu J T Yates J Chem Rev 95 735 (1995)

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 28: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

38

[2] H Y Zhu Y Lan X P Gao S P Ringer Z F Zheng D Y Song J C Zhao J Am Chem Soc 127

6730 (2005)

[3] D V Bavykin J M Friedrich F C Walsh Adv Mater 18 2807 (2006)

[4] R Asahi T Morikawa T Ohwaki K Aoki Y Taga Science 293 269 (2001)

[5] D Dvoranovaacute V Brezovaacute M Mazuacutera M A Malati Appl Cat B Environmental 37 91 (2002)

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 29: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

39

OR3-3

Fluorescent Thin films prepared by Plasma deposition for their

integration with photonic structures

Maria Alcaire F J Aparicio Agustiacuten R Gonzaacutelez-Elipe Angel Barranco

Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author angelbaricmsecsices

In this work we present a new method of fabrication of fluorescent organic thin

films by using a plasma based technology The process consists of evaporating an

organic dye molecule while exposing the substrate to the effect of a mild plasma

in a remote configuration The result is a polymeric-like film formed by the

linkage of molecular fragments where entire fluorescent molecules are also

present The process takes place at room temperature and is compatible with

substrates of different nature including metals glass polymers or paper The

conformal character of the films makes them ideal to cover complex substrates

including photonic structures

Herein we discuss a series of results concerning different ldquonanocompositesrdquo

and thin films obtained from different dye molecules that were integrated

together with photonic structures such as Bragg multilayers ring resonators or

Fabry-Perot resonators These integrated structures have been applied to

develop a series of environmental sensors which with a variable degree of

integration have been used for the detection of UV radiation or monitoring NO2

[1]

[1] Francisco J Aparicio Miguel Holgado Ana Borras Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak Amadeu Griol Carlos

A Barrios Rafael Casquel Francisco J Sanza Hans Sohlstroumlm Mikael Antelius Agustin R Gonzaacutelez-

Elipe and Angel Barranco Adv Mater 2011 23 761ndash765

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 30: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

40

OR3-4

Microstructure of planar glass substrates modified by Laser Ablation

Backwriting of metal targets

F Rey-Garciacutea1 C Goacutemez-Reino1 MT Flores-Arias1 R Lahoz2 G F De La

Fuente2 W Assenmacher3 W Mader3

1Unidad Asociada de Microoacuteptica y Oacuteptica GRIN Departamento de Fiacutesica Aplicada

Facultade de Oacuteptica e Optometriacutea Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Campus Sur sn E-15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain 2Laboratorio de Aplicaciones del Laser Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Aragoacuten CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariacutea de Luna 3 E-50018 Zaragoza Spain

e-mail xermanunizares 3 Institut fuumlr Anorganische Chemie Universitaumlt Bonn Romerstraβe 164 D-53117

Bonn Deutschland

Email for corresponding author rlahozunizares

Waveguides were prepared onto commercial soda-lime glass substrates using a

laser ablation backwriting process whereby Ag Cu brass alloy and Al metal

targets were evaporated onto glass substrates by irradiation through the same

substrates The resultant channel-like structures were characterised by SEM

TEM UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy and light guiding efficiency studies These

revealed the presence of metal nanostructures in the case of Ag Cu and brass

targets with their typical Surface Resonance Plasmon (SRP) bands In contrast Al

was found to react with SiO2 and integrate into the glass These results were

confirmed by EDS studies performed with TEM and SEM observation of

representative polished cross section samples Buried waveguides appear just

below the surface of the glass substrates in all cases suggesting that Laser

Backwriting may be a convenient method to prepare stable waveguides by

modifying inexpensive commercial window glass

Work funded by projects SURFALUX (CDTI) and MAT2010-18519 (MEC)

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

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53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 31: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

SESSION III

41

OR3-5

Large area self-assembled monolayers of colloidal silica

nanoparticles

Edgar-Juliaacuten Cabrera1 Lina Jaller1 Roger Amade1 Sabine Portal2 Esther Pascual1

and Enric Bertran1

1 FEMAN Group IN2UB Department of Applied Physics and Optics Universitat de

Barcelona C Martiacute i Franquegraves 1 08028 Barcelona Spain 2 Dep Photonics and Terahertztechnology Ruhr-University Bochum 44780

Bochum Germany

Email for corresponding author ebertranubedu

Large area bidimensional colloidal crystals based on silica sub-micrometre

particles were produced by an accurate Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process

(Figure 1) Monodispersed silica particles show suitable characteristics to self-

assembling in close-packed 2D crystal monolayers Multiple applications in fields

such as photonics electronics electro-optics medicine (detectors and sensors)

filtering membranes and surface devices are possible due to an accurate control

of nucleation of silica particles during the growing process which result in

improved characteristics like a high sphericity and a very low size dispersion

In this work the authors evidence how the used methodology and conditions in

self-assembled processes are decisive points for producing high quality

bidimensional colloidal crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett

Figure 1 Langmuir-Blodgett bidimensional colloidal crystal of self-assembled

mono-dispersed silica sub-micrometric particles deposited on c-Si substrates Photos

correspond to the reflected light under

several incident angles

POSTER

45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

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51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

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52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

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53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 32: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

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45

PO1

Spectral integrated infrared filter for the Martian airborne Dust

Sensor of the MetNet Space Mission

F Corteacutes A Gonzaacutelez A Llopis A J de Castro J Meleacutendez F Loacutepez

LIR-Infrared Lab Departamento de Fiacutesica Instituto PJ Lastanosa

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganeacutes Spain

Email for corresponding author fcmartinfisuc3mes

MetNet Presursor Mission is the first of the various mini atmospheric stations to

be deployed on the Martian surface in the Russian-Finnish-Spanish space mission

MetNet MEIGA-MetNet consortium is the Spanish contribution to MetNet LIR-

Infrared Lab of Universidad Carlos III (LIR-UC3M) is in charge of the design and

development of a microsensor for the characterization of in situ (on surface)

Martian airborne dust The sensor due to the mission constrictions must

accomplish with very strict mass and power limits 45 g and 1 W The main

component of Martian atmosphere aerosol is micron sized dust Airborne dust on

surface plays a key role in climate affecting the Martian Planetary Boundary

Layer However the basic physical properties of these aerosols are still barely

known as the measurements coming primarily from orbiting satellites provide

integrated data for the whole atmosphere and no in situ data on the surface

Although Martian dust distribution is not well known a modified gamma-like

function n(r) for particle size distribution is accepted in the stationary states

From Mars rovers measurements values on the particulate mean radius (r) of

suspension dust at surface can be assumed to be around 15 microm [1]

Concentration is very changeable depending on many different conditions

geographical position day or night seasonal periods dust devils or stationary

stateshellip and local data are almost unknown Only integrated data for the whole

atmospheric column obtained from satellites or from upward looking sensors

can be found In situ concentrations ranging from less than 10 per cm3 to many

orders of magnitude higher during strong storms or in dust devils are expected

An IR sensor based on Mie scattering properties of Martian dust has been

proposed to meet the requirements and constrictions of the mission In fact

wavelengths ranging from the visible limits up to thermal IR (1 to 14 microns)

are the best for enhancing Mie scattering as they are quite similar to particles

size A multispectral IR sensor spreading as much as possible all along IR

POSTER

46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

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52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

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53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

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54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

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56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

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57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 33: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

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46

wavelengths is the best solution for dust distribution retrieval being the results

very sensitive to the detection position A bi-spectral sensor with two

transmission bands has been initially proposed as a good solution for a

demonstrative sensor for Precursor MetNet mission to be launched by 2014 The

selected bands are wide in order to optimize the detection signal for low

concentrations from 13 to 3 microm and from 3 to 6 microm Besides the position of the

detector is very important as Mie scattering is very dependent on detection

direction For these reasons a bi-spectral sensor with both bands spatially

defined onto the same FPA is preferred

In this paper the IR multilayer filters are designed to be located onto the same substrate in such a way that their spatial and spectral distribution can be properly coupled to the FPA for the improvement in the retrieval of dust distribution parameters

[1] Lemmon Atmos imaging res Mars explor rovers Science 306 (5702) 1753ndash6 2004

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47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

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55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 34: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

47

PO2

Light propagation in multilayer structures unconventional

calculations

Salvador Bosch1 Jordi Sancho-Parramon12 Vesna Janicki12

1 Departament de Fiacutesica Aplicada i Ograveptica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona

Spain 2 Laser and Atomic RampD Division Rudjer Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia

Email for corresponding author sboschubedu

We present a numerical scheme for the calculation of light propagation in

multilayer structures including non-standard computations of interest for the

photonics community Computation of light propagation in stratified structures is

a well-established field [1] due to the development of thin film technology and

research over the past decades In this context our group developed a numerical

software package for the optical characterization of materials in single layer and

multilayer structures using spectral photometric and ellipsometric

measurements [2]

We have implemented of a numerical scheme that complements the

capacities of the above mentioned software and aims to be a tool for researchers

and students in order to understand and simulate phenomena like the attenuated

total reflection or the generation of plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces These

phenomena which can be fully described from the point of view of classical

optics obtained a renewed interest due to the progress in controlling light-

matter interactions at the near field scale Our approach consists in determining

the full electromagnetic field at any given point of an arbitrary multilayer

structure in opposition to standard thin film software where only the tangential

components of the field are taken into account to compute far-field magnitudes

We illustrate our numerical scheme with different simulations and discuss

possible future applications

[1] PH Berning Physics of Thin Films 1 Academic Press New York (1963)

[2] NKDSoftware wwwubeduoptmat

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 35: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

48

PO3

Caracterizacioacuten de la resistencia al microrayado de recubrimientos

oftaacutelmicos

Jaume Caro1 Anna Vicente1 Nuacuteria Cuadrado1 1 Iban Gonzaacutelez1 Antoni

Vilajoana2 Pau Artuacutes2 Sergi Peris2

1 Fundacioacute CTM Centre Tecnologravegic Av Bases de Manresa 1 08242 Manresa

Espantildea 2 Indo Lens Group SL Alcalde Barnils 72 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallegraves Espantildea

Email for corresponding author jaumecaroctmcomes

La introduccioacuten de lentes orgaacutenicas en la industria oftaacutelmica ha permitido

reducir considerablemente el peso de las mismas asiacute como aumentar su

resistencia a la rotura en comparacioacuten con las lentes tradicionales de vidrio Sin

embargo su resistencia al rayado es ve considerablemente mermada Esta

problemaacutetica ha sido parcialmente solucionada a partir del desarrollo e

implementacioacuten de recubrimientos endurecedores polimeacutericos nanocompuestos

Un segundo recubrimiento formado por un apilamiento nanomulticapa de

oacutexidos metaacutelicos confiere propiedades antirreflejantes a la lente El aumento de

la durabilidad de las lentes en teacuterminos de resistencia al rayado constituye uno

de los principales objetivos de la industria oftaacutelmica En este trabajo se ha

llevado a cabo un exhaustivo estudio de la resistencia al microrayado de

diferentes lentes y recubrimientos oftaacutelmicos correlacionaacutendose los resultados

obtenidos con los ensayos de desgaste tradicionalmente utilizados en el sector

(ensayo de Bayer Steel Wool y Eraser) asiacute como los obtenidos de los ensayos de

usuario

Microrayado generado sobre una lente

oftaacutelmica orgaacutenica con recubrimiento

endurecedor y recubrimiento antirreflejante

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 36: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

49

PO4

Recubrimientos tipo cermet depositados por co-sputtering en un

proceso DC reactivo controlado por voltaje

Beatriz Navarcorena1 Juliaacuten Rodrigo1 Gonzalo G Fuentes1 Joseacute A Garciacutea1

Ramoacuten Escobar Galindo2 Carlos Prieto2 Joseacute Angel Saacutenchez2 Eva Ceacutespedes2 J M

Albella2

1 Centro de Ingenieriacutea Avanzada de Superficies (AIN Galar-Navarra Espantildea) 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author bnavarcorenaaines

Los recubrimientos tipo cermet estaacuten atrayendo la atencioacuten para recubrimientos

solares selectivos en tubos colectores de energiacutea termosolar [1] En esta

aplicacioacuten el componente metaacutelico suele ser un elemento de transicioacuten de alto

punto de fusioacuten como Mo Ni Pt o Cr embebido en una matriz dieleacutectrica de SiO2

Al2O3 Si3N4 o AlN La deposicioacuten de compuestos ceraacutemicos aislantes por

deposicioacuten fiacutesica en fase vapor se realiza tiacutepicamente mediante procesos de

sputtering RF sin embargo dadas las bajas velocidades de deposicioacuten que se

consiguen con esta teacutecnica cada vez maacutes se prefiere la deposicioacuten por sputtering

reactivo DC pulsado o DC [2] En los procesos de DC reactivo existen dos modos

de operacioacuten modo metaacutelico y modo reactivo [3] El modo metaacutelico se

caracteriza por una alta velocidad de deposicioacuten y una baja presioacuten parcial del

gas reactivo Por el contrario en el modo reactivo la velocidad de deposicioacuten es

baja y la presioacuten parcial del gas reactivo alta La transicioacuten entre estos dos modos

ocurre abruptamente entre dos valores criacuteticos de gas reactivo que ademaacutes

dependen de la direccioacuten de la transicioacuten

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la co-deposicioacuten de un recubrimiento tipo

cermet de Mo-SiO2 mediante un proceso DC reactivo a partir de dos blancos

silicio y molibdeno La estrategia de co-deposicioacuten condiciona de forma notable

los paraacutemetros del proceso Por ejemplo se debe depositar silicio en forma de

oacutexido (SiO2) y sin embargo Mo en estado metaacutelico con el fin de alcanzar los

valores LMVF y HMVF requeridos Ademaacutes se debe controlar de forma muy fina

el voltaje de los caacutetodos para evitar transiciones no controladas entre modos de

sputtering metaacutelico y reactivo

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 37: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

50

Los recubrimientos se han caracterizado mediante GDOES rugosidad

espesor espectroscopiacutea UV-VIS-NIR y FTIR El estudio muestra las diferentes

propiedades de absorcioacuten y emisioacuten teacutermica en funcioacuten de los paraacutemetros

posibles de proceso Asiacute mismo la caracterizacioacuten oacuteptica de los iacutendices n y k

permite mediante simulacioacuten predecir las propiedades finales de absorcioacuten y

emisividad de los selectivos

[1] N Selvakumar et al Solar Energy Materials amp Solar Cells 98 1 (2012)

[2] R Cremer et al Surface and Coatings Technology 120-121 213 (1999)

[3] I Safi Surface and Coatings Technology 127 203 (2000)

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 38: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

51

PO5

Optical and structural study of reactive sputtered titanium dioxide

coatings embedded with Au clusters for LSPR gas-sensing

applications

NM Figueiredo12 T Kubart2 JA Saacutenchez-Garciacutea3 R Escobar Galindo3 A

Climent-Font4 A Cavaleiro1

1SEG-CEMUC ndash Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua

Luiacutes Reis Santos 3030-788 Coimbra Portugal 2The Aringngstroumlm Laboratory Uppsala University PO Box 534 SE-751 21 Uppsala

Sweden 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain 4Centro de Micro-Anaacutelisis de Materiales (CMAM-UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author nunofigueiredodemucpt

Thin composite films consisting of metal nanoparticles in an oxide matrix are of

interest for the electronics glass detectors catalysis semiconducting and bio

industries The ability of the noble metal nanoparticles to support Localized

Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) makes them attractive for a myriad of

applications including their use as intrinsic refractive index sensors This is

because the LSPR is heavily dependent not only on the nanoparticle dielectric

constant size and shape but also on the dielectric constant of the surrounding

medium Thus molecular binding events can be accessed in a novel way by real-

time monitoring the SPR extinction signal of a nanocomposite coating containing

Au or Ag embedded in a reactive matrix The sensitivity and selectivity of these

sensors can generally be increased by the exploitation of the operating

temperature the thermal stability of these nanocomposites should thus be

carefully addressed in order to enhance the field of operation by LSPR sensing

In the present study nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in

a TiO2 matrix were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering The

depositions were carried out in three steps depositing titania Au and again

titania The thickness of the Au layer was varied between 1 and 3 nm in order to

achieve different cluster sizes and morphologies and nanocomposite

topographies Basic optical and morphological characterization of these coatings

was carried out before and after annealing at increasing temperatures Light

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 39: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

52

extinction increased with the Au content Peculiar SPR extinction bands were

observed and correlated with the different cluster morphologies With the

increase in Au content red-shifted SPR peaks with higher intensity and increased

widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology

and due to interparticle effects With increasing temperature the SPR signal was

enhanced The intensity increased and the width of the SPR peaks diminished

and small shifts were observed due to changes in the metal clusters morphology

and in the dielectric properties of the oxide matrix The increased surface area

and the strong (and well confined) SPR extinction bands as well as their thermal

behaviour makes these coatings optimal for gas sensing and also catalysis albeit

many other application fields can be envisaged

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 40: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

53

PO6

Electrochromic Behaviour of WxSiyOz Thin Films Prepared by

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Normal and Glancing Angles

J Gil-Rostra1 F Garciacutea-Garciacutea1 JC Gonzaacutelez1 M Cano2 JM Pedrosa2 FJ Ferrer3

F Yubero1 AR onza lez-Elipe1

1 Grupo de Nanotecnologiacutea en superficies Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de

Sevilla (CSIC-Univ Sevilla) Avda Ameacuterico Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain 2 Departamento de Sistemas Fiacutesicos Quiacutemicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de

Olavide Ctra Utrera km 1 E-41013 Sevilla Spain 3 Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CSIC-USE) Thomas A Edison 7 E-41092 Sevilla

Spain

Email for corresponding author yuberoicmsecsices

This work reports the synthesis at room temperature of transparent and colored

WxSiyOz thin films by magnetron sputtering (MS) from a single cathode The films

were characterized by a large set of techniques including X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies Their optical properties

were determined by the analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra It

was found that both the relative amount of tungsten in the WminusSi MS target and

the ratio O2Ar in the plasma gas were critical parameters to control the blue

coloration of the films The long-term stability of the colour attributed to the

formation of a high concentration of W5+ and W4+ species has been related with

the formation of WminusOminusSi bond linkages in an amorphous network At normal

geometry (ie substrate surface parallel to the target) the films were rather

compact whereas they were very porous and had less tungsten content when

deposited in a glancing angle configuration In this case they presented

outstanding electrochromic properties characterized by a fast response a high

coloration a complete reversibility after more than one thousand cycles and a

relatively very low refractive index in the bleached state [1]

[1] J Gil-Rostra M Cano JM Pedrosa FJ Ferrer F Garciacutea-Garciacutea F Yubero AR Gonzaacutelez-Elipe ACS

Appl Mater Interf 22 (2012) 628-638

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 41: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

54

PO7

Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO thin films by oblique angle

sputtering deposition

D Toledano M Yuste R Escobar Galindo JM Albella and O Saacutenchez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientiacuteficas Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid Spain

Email for corresponding author dianatoledanoicmmcsices

We report the successful growth of ZnO nanostructured films by oblique angle

magnetron sputtering deposition (OAD) Films were found to be porous and

consisting in an inclined columnar structure with columns tilting in the direction

of the incident flux The experimental results reveal that the deposition angle

(85o 75o 65o and 0o) deposition pressure and the ArO2 gas ratio play a

significant role in the structural formation crystalline texture and the

composition of the ZnO thin films The film microstructure and the surface

morphology of the samples was explored by Field Emission Gun Scanning

Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) the crystalline structure and the composition

were determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford

Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) respectively In addition the optical

properties were also studied by Reflectance in the UV-visible range and

spectroscopic ellipsometry We have correlated the ZnO thin film structure

evolution chemical composition and porosity changes to the optical properties

of the ZnO films In particular we have focused on the influence of the deposition

angle on the refractive index of the deposited films

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 42: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

55

PO8

Microstructural characterization of magnetron sputtered porous

silicon coatings

Jaime Caballero-Hernaacutendez Vanda Godinho Roland Schierholz Asuncioacuten

Fernaacutendez

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla CSIC-Uni Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Email for corresponding author godinhoicmsecsices

Over the recent years porous silicon has attracted considerable attention due to

possible applications such as solar cells [1] optoelectronics [2] and photonic

devices [3] Being fully compatible with the established microelectronic

technology one of the most attracting features of porous silicon is its ldquomade to

orderrdquo refractive index Recently we reported on the formation of porous silicon

oxynitride coatings by magnetron sputtering with controlled refractive index

depending on their deposition conditions [45] The closed porosity formed

allowed to keep the good mechanical properties characteristic of these coatings

Porous silicon has been produced by a variety of approaches but it is most

commonly prepared by electrochemical etching in HF based solutions In this

work we present the possibility to produce porous silicon coatings by magnetron

sputtering Silicon coatings with closed porosity presenting different pore size

and alignment were produced by Glancing Angle Magnetron Sputtering The

microstructure of the coatings was evaluated by SEM and TEM which showed

clearly well-defined closed pores The presence of deposition gas inside the pores

was proved by RBS measurements confirming that the pores are closed and the

chemical bonding state of silicon was investigated by XPS and EELS

[1] A Ramizy Z Hassan K Omar Y Al-Domi MA Mahdi Appl Surf Sci 257 6112 (2011) [2] D Abidi SRomdhane A Brunet-Burneau JL Fave European Physical Journal Applied Physics 45 10601(2009) [3] RS Dubey DK Gautam Optik 122 494 (2011) [4] VGodinho MC Jimeacutenez de Haro J Garciacutea-Loacutepez V Goossens H Terryn MP Delplancke--Ogletree A Fernandez Appl Surf Sci 256 4548 (2010) [5] V Godinho TC Rojas A Fernandez Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 149 142 (2012)

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 43: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

56

PO9

Anaacutelisis de las caracteriacutesticas electroluminiscentes de oacutexidos de

silicio enriquecidos en silicio

Joan Juvert1 Alfredo onza lez1 Mariano Aceves2 Andreu Llobera1 Carlos

Domiacute nguez1

1 Instituto de Microelectroacutenica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC Campus UAB 08193

Bellaterra Espantildea 2 INAOE Dpt de Electroacutenica PO box 51 Puebla Pue 72000 Meacutexico

Email for corresponding author joanjuvertimb-cnmcsices

Se han fabricado dispositivos electroluminiscentes basados en dio xido de silicio

enriquecido con silicio (SRO) mediante procesos compatibles con la tecnologiacute a

esta ndar CMOS La capa activa de SRO fue obtenida a trave s de la implantacio n de

iones de silicio en un o xido estequiome trico depositado por PECVD sobre un

sustrato de silicio tipo p PO9(Se usaron tres dosis de implantacio n que segu n

ana lisis de XPS corresponden a excesos de silicio del (19plusmn05) (33plusmn05) y

(42plusmn05) Sobre la capa activa se deposito un electrodo semitransparente de

silicio policristalino dopado con fo sforo Los dispositivos presentaron

fotoluminiscencia bajo bombeo o ptico a 325 nm asiacute como electroluminiscencia

en forma de puntos brillantes bajo estiacute mulo de corriente directa en re gimen de

inversio n

Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia muestran una banda ancha entre 600 y

1000 nm con un pico que se desplaza al rojo y una intensidad que decrece al

incrementar del exceso de silicio Los espectros de electroluminiscencia (EL)

muestran una banda ancha entre 500 y 1000 nm La emisio n entre 500 y 600 nm

no presente en los espectros de fotoluminiscencia indica una diferencia entre los

mecanismos de emisio n al ser estimulado el material o ptica y ele ctricamente Los

valores de eficiencia de EL (conversio n de potencia ele ctrica a potencia o ptica)

variacute an con el exceso de silicio en el rango medido La intensidad de

electroluminiscencia crece con la corriente ele ctrica inyectada

Agradecimientos A onza lez agradece la beca No 213571 (CONACyT

Me xico) El trabajo se ha desarrollado dentro de los proyectos BioLoC (PN I+D

TEC2011-29045-C04-01) y Hip-Lab (ERC rant No 209243)

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 44: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

POSTER

57

PO10

Preparation of antireflective silica-based films by sol-gel method

Cecilia Agustiacuten Joseacute Aacutengel Saacutenchez Ashley Gracia Maider Machado Oihana

Zubillaga Marta Brizuela

TECNALIA Energy Unit Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2 20009 San Sebastiaacuten Spain

Email for corresponding author ceciliaagustintecnaliacom

Antireflective (AR) coatings have been developed to be applied onto the

secondary optical elements (SOE) in a High Concentrator Photovoltaic

Technology (HCPV) [1 2] by sol-gel method Sol-gel process is an efficient

method to prepare homogeneous porous film by incorporating pore-generating

agents [3-5]This technique presents some advantages compare to other methods

such as easy control of the composition low sintering temperature good

adherence to the substrate and good optical properties

Porous SiO2 thin films have been prepared by dip-coating procedure onto

glass-slides in order to study the effect of porosity on the enhanced

transmittance properties Silica sols were synthesized using silicon

tetraisopropoxide (TEOS) as precursor in acidic medium and different types of

pore generating agents The transmittance and reflectance of coatings were

characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometry From these measurements

refractive index was obtained by using numerical calculation In addition the

refractive index values were compared by spectral ellipsometric measurements

Environmental ellipsometric porosimetry measurements were performed using a

spectral ellipsometer modified with a system that allows controlling the relative

humidity (RH) to characterise films porosity [6 7] Theory of Bruggeman

effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to obtain the volume fraction

(VF) porosity of the SiO2 films to compare with the experimental values obtained

[1] G Helsch A Moumls J Deubener M Houmlland Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 (2010) 2191-2196 [2] A Gombert W Gaubitt K Rose J Dreibholz B Blasi A Heinzel D Sporn W Doll V Wittwer Sol Energy 68 (2000) 357-360 [3] C J Brinker G W Scherer Sol-Gel Science 1st ed Processing Academic Press New York 1990 [4] L Nicole C Boissiere D Grosso A Quach C Sanchez J Mater Chem 15 (2005)3598-3627 [5] CJ Brinker Y Lu A Sellinger H Fan Adv Mater 11 (1999) 579-585 [6] N Arconada Y Castro A Duran Applied Catalysis A General 385 (2010) 101-107 [7] S Suaacuterez N Arconada Y Castro JM Coronado R Portela A Duran B Saacutenchez Applied Catalysis B Environmental 108-109 (2011) 14-21

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 45: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

AUTHOR INDEX

61

Aceves M PO9 58

Agullo -Rueda F OR2-1 28

Agustiacuten C PO10 59

Albella JM OR1-3 22 OR2-2 29 OR2-4 31

PO451 PO756

Alcaire M OR3-3 41

Amade R OR3-5 43

Aparicio FJ OR3-5 43

Artuacutes P PO3 50

Assenmacher W OR3-4 42

Ayala L OR2-1 28

Baena-Murillo E OR3-1 37

Barranco A OR1-1 20

OR3-3 41

Barriga J OR2-3 30

Bayoacuten R OR2-3 30

Benito N OR1-5 24

OR2-4 31

Bertraacuten E OR3-5 43

Beyers E OR3-2 39

Bijani S OR2-1 28

Bosch S PO2 49

Brizuela M PO10 59

Buencuerpo Farin a J OR1-2 21

Caballero-Hernaacutendez J PO8 57

Cabrera E-J OR3-5 43

Cano M PO6 55

Caretti I OR1-5 4

OR2-4 31

OR3-2 39

Caro J PO3 50

Cavaleiro A OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Ceacutespedes E OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Climent-Font A PO5 53

Cool P OR3-2 39

Corteacutes F PO1 47

Cuadrado N PO3 50

de Castro AJ PO1 47

de La Fuente GF OR3-4 42

Diacuteaz D OR1-5 65

Domiacute nguez C PO9 58

Dotor Castilla ML OR1-2 21

Endrino JL OR2-2 29

Escobar Galindo R OR1-3 22 OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO451PO553 PO656

Fernaacutendez A PO8 57

Ferrer FJ OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Figueiredo NM PO5 53

Flores-Arias MT OR3-4 42

Fortunato E INV2 27

Fuentes Gonzalo G PO4 51

aba s M OR2-1 28

Garciacutea Joseacute A PO4 51

Garciacutea-Garciacutea F PO6 55

Gil-Rostra J OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Godinho V PO8 57

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 46: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

AUTHOR INDEX

62

Goacutemez-Reino C OR3-4 42

Gonzaacutelez A PO1 47

onza lez A PO9 58

Gonzaacutelez I PO3 50

Gonzaacutelez JC PO6 55

Gonzaacutelez-Elipe AR OR1-120 OR3-341

PO6 55

Gracia A PO10 59

ranqvist C INV1 19

Gutierrez-Berasategui E OR2-3 30

Herrero P OR2-1 28

Horwat D OR2-2 29

Jaller L OR3-5 43

Janicki V PO2 49

Jimeacutenez I OR3-2 39

Juvert J PO9 58

Kovalev A OR2-2 29

Kubart T OR1-4 23 PO5 53

Lahoz R OR3-4 42

Landa-Caacutenovas AR OR2-1 28

OR3-2 39

Llobera A PO9 58

Llopis A PO1 47

Llorens Montolio J M OR1-2 21

Loacutepez F PO1 47

Machado M PO10 59

Mader W OR3-4 42

Martiacutenez-Verduacute F OR3-1 37

Martins R INV2 27

Meleacutendez J PO1 47

Micoacute-Vicent B OR3-1 37

Miska P OR2-2 29

Mosquera A OR2-2 29

Mun oz Camun ez LE OR1-2 21

Navarcorena B PO4 51

Ochoa E OR2-1 28

Palacio C OR1-5 24

Palanco S OR2-1 28

Parreira N OR1-4 23

Pascual E OR3-5 43

Pedrosa JM PO6 55

Peris S PO3 50

Polcar T OR1-4 23

Portal S OR3-5 43

Postigo Resa PA OR1-2 21

Prieto C OR1-3 22

PO4 51

Ramos-Barrado JR OR2-1 28

Rashkovskiy A OR2-2 29

Rey-Garciacutea F OR3-4 42

Ribbens S OR3-2 39

Rodrigo J PO4 51

Sanchez C INV3 35

Saacutenchez O OR1-5 24 OR2-4 31

PO7 56

Saacutenchez-Garciacutea JA OR1-3 22

PO451PO553

PO10 59

Sancho-Parramon J PO2 49

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 47: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials

AUTHOR INDEX

63

Schierholz R PO8 57

Toledano D PO7 56

Torres R OR3-2 39

van Doorslaer S OR3-2 39

Vasilevskiy M OR1-4 23

Vicente A PO3 50

Vilajoana A PO3 50

Vinck E OR3-2 39

Wainstein D OR2-2 29

Yubero F OR1-1 20 PO6 55

Yuste M OR2-4 31 PO7 56

Zamani S OR3-2 39

Zubillaga O PO10 59

Zubizarreta C OR2-3 30

Page 48: opto-coat 2012 - INGESNETopto-coat 2012 CHAIRMEN Agustín R. González-Elipe (Institute of Materials Science of Seville, ICMSE-CSIC) Ramón Escobar Galindo (Institute of Materials