<Insert Picture Here>

Oracle Database 11g New Features

Eduardo Hahn

Advanced IT S.A.

Agenda

• Oracle Database Innovation• Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)• Encrypted Tablespaces

• Real Application Testing• 11g Datapump• Virtual Columns• 11g Partitioning • Flashback Data Archive• Administrando Oracle Database 11g• Upgrade Oracle 11g

Oracle Database Innovation

Audit VaultDatabase Vault

Grid ComputingSelf Managing Database

XML DatabaseOracle Data Guard

Real Application ClustersFlashback Query

Virtual Private DatabaseBuilt in Java VM

Partitioning SupportBuilt in Messaging

Object Relational SupportMultimedia Support

Data Warehousing OptimizationsParallel Operations

Distributed SQL & Transaction SupportCluster and MPP Support

Multi-version Read ConsistencyClient/Server Support

Platform PortabilityCommercial SQL Implementation

1977 2007

30 years of sustained innovation …

… continuing with Oracle Database 11g

Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

lFiles stored in the ADR:lAlert loglTrace fileslIncident packages

lDefault location$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/{database}/{instance}

lExample:/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl

Finding Trace Files

diagnostic directory

directory for each product

default trace directory

ADR base

Finding Trace FilesSELECT name, description, value , isdeprecatedFROM v$parameterWHERE name = 'diagnostic_dest'OR name like '%dump%'

Finding Trace FilesSELECT *FROM v$diag_info

Finding Trace FilesSELECT pid, program, tracefileFROM v$process

Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

lNew tool: ADRCIlADR Command Line InterpreterlUsed to manage and report from ADR.

ADRlADRCI Example

C:\oracle\product\11gBetaR4\db_01\NETWORK\ADMIN>adrciadrci>>show alert -tailADR Home = C:\oracle\product\diag\rdbms\rob11gr4\rob11gr4:************************************************************2007-06-02 00:42:47.398000 -06:00Logminer Bld: Lockdown Complete. DB_TXN_SCN is UnwindToSCN (LockdownSCN) is 18324432007-06-02 00:42:48.929000 -06:00db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 83.44% used. This is auser-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by thisdatabase for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount ofspace available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.2007-06-02 00:43:45.586000 -06:00

Encrypted

Tablespaces

Encrypted Tablespaces

• Oracle Database 10g Release 2 introduced column encryption• Could not range scan• Primary/foreign key issues

• Tablespace encryption Removes those limitations

• Many encryption algorithms• 3DES168• AES128 (default)• AES192• AES256

Encrypted Tablespaces

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create tablespace encrypted

2 datafile '/…/encrypted.dbf' size 10m

3 ENCRYPTION default storage( encrypt );

Tablespace created.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create tablespace clear

2 datafile '/…/clear.dbf' size 10m;

Tablespace created.

Encrypted Tablespaces

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table t

2 tablespace clear

3 as

4 select * from all_users;

Table created.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create index t_idx

2 on t(lower(username))

3 tablespace clear;

Index created.

Encrypted Tablespaces

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter table t move

2 tablespace encrypted;

Table altered.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter index t_idx rebuild

2 tablespace encrypted;

Index altered.

Real Application

Testing

Real Application Testing –Database Replay

•Recreate actual production database workload•Capture production workload incl. concurrency •Replay workload in test with production timing•Analyze & fix issues before production

MiddleTier

Capture DB Workload

Storage

OracleDB servers Replay DB

Workload

ProductionEnvironment

Test (RAC)Environment`

11g Datapump

Datapump

• COMPRESSION• ALL, DATA_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY, NONE

$ expdp / directory=tmp dumpfile=uncompressed.dmp compression=NONE schemas=ops\$tkyte

Export: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Friday, 21 September, 2007 12:23:26

. . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."BIG_TABLE" 24.57 MB 250000 rows

. . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."T" 6.791 MB 67945 rows

$ expdp / directory=tmp dumpfile=compressed.dmp compression=ALL schemas=ops\$tkyte

Export: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Friday, 21 September, 2007 12:23:58

. . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."BIG_TABLE" 3.110 MB 250000 rows

. . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."T" 762.1 KB 67945 rows

$ ls -l /tmp/*compressed.dmp

-rw-r----- 1 ora11gr1 ora11gr1 4124672 Sep 21 12:24 /tmp/compressed.dmp

-rw-r----- 1 ora11gr1 ora11gr1 33136640 Sep 21 12:23 /tmp/uncompressed.dmp

11g Data Pump – Data Obfuscation

lData ObfuscationlDuring export or import operationlModify data via PL/SQL routine

lRemap_data parameterlLists schema.table_name.column_name:package_name for remap operation lSeparate remap_data parameter for each table/column pair.

11g Data Pump – Data Obfuscation

lExample PL/SQL Code.Create or replace package my_packageas function my_function (p_in_data varchar2)return varchar2;end;/Create or replace package body my_packageas function my_function (p_in_data varchar2)return varchar2Asv_return varchar2(30);beginv_return:=translate(p_in_data, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',

'bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza');return v_return;end;end;/

11g Data Pump – Data Obfuscation

lRemap during export

expdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=Robert.names remap_data=Robert.names.user_name:Robert.my_package.my_function

11g Data Pump – Data Obfuscation

lRemap during import (with 2 columns)impdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=ROBERT.NAMES remap_data=Robert.copy_names.user_name:Robert.my_package.my_functionremap_data=Robert.copy_names.user_commment:Robert.my_package.my_function

Virtual Columns

Virtual Columns

• Create Table• Alter Table Add Column• Are ‘column expressions’• Ease of use and Optimizer enhancement

lExample:Create table employee( emp_id number primary key,salary number (8,2) not null,years_of_service number not null,curr_retirementas (salary*.0005 * years_of_service) );

lCreates a virtual column called curr_retirement. lDerived value from salary, years_of_service columns.

Virtual Columns

lYou cannot write to a virtual column.lThere is no support for index-organized, external, object, cluster, or temporary tables.lThere is no support for Oracle-supplied datatypes, user-defined types, LOBs, or LONGRAWs.

Virtual Columns

11g Partitioning

Partitioning

• Composite Completely• System partitioning• Virtual Column Partitioning• Interval Partitioning

Range List Hash

Range 9i 8i

List

• Partition (or index) on virtual (computed) columns • New composite partitioning

Range List Hash

Range 11g 9i 8i

List 11g 11g 11g

JANFEB

>5000

1000-

5000

ORDERS

RANGE-RANGEOrder Date by

Order Value

USA EUROPE

>5000

1000-

5000

ORDERS

LIST-RANGERegion by

Order Value

USA EUROPE

Gold

SilverORDERS

LIST-LISTRegion by

Customer Type

Enhanced Partitioning

11g Partitioning – System

lProvides the ability to create a single table that has many physical partitions. lNo partition key is defined. lYou define a specific number of partitionslYou must define which partition the data goes in when doing an insert of data.lDelete and update SQL does not require any special syntax.

11g Partitioning – System

lExampleCREATE TABLE TestTable(col1 integer, col2 integer) PARTITION BY SYSTEM(

PARTITION s1 TABLESPACE tbs_s1,PARTITION s2 TABLESPACE tbs_s2,PARTITION s3 TABLESPACE tbs_s3,PARTITION s4 TABLESPACE tbs_s4);

11g Partitioning – System

lExample InsertINSERT INTO TestTablePARTITION (s1) VALUES (4,5);

lExample update:update testable partition (s1) set col2 = 6 where col1 = 4;

11g Partitioning – Partition with Virtual Columns

lYou can use a virtual column as the partition key for a table.

11g Partitioning – Partition with Virtual Columns

lExampleCreate table part_employee( emp_id number primary key,sal number not null,years_of_service number not null,curr_retirement as sal*.0005*years_of_service))partition by range (curr_retirement)( partition not_much values less than (100), partition just_enough values less than (500), partition oh_no_we_are_in_trouble

values less than (maxvalue));

New “INTERVAL” partitioning

• Automatically creates a new partition when data outside the existing range is first inserted • E.g., monthly partitions, automatic

new partition first day of the month

• Composite partitioning: interval, interval-list, interval-hash, and interval-range

• Automates partition management

ORDERS

Jul Aug Sep

Sep 1 2007

PartitioningAutomation

lInterval PartitioninglInterval FunctionslNumtodsinterval – Convert a number into an interval day to second literal.lNumtoyminterval – Convert a number into an interval year to month literal.

Partitioning Automation

Partitioning

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table audit_trail

2 ( ts timestamp,

3 data varchar2(30)

4 )

5 partition by range(ts)

6 interval (numtodsinterval(1,'day'))

7 store in (users, example )

8 (partition p0 values less than

9 (to_date('22-sep-2007','dd-mon-yyyy'))

10 )

11 /

Table created.

Partitioning

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value

2 from user_tab_partitions

3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL';

PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE

---------- ---------- ----------------------------------

P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00'

Partitioning

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> insert into audit_trail

2 select sysdate+rownum, 'x'

3 from all_users

4 where rownum <= 5

5 /

5 rows created.

Partitioning

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value

2 from user_tab_partitions

3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL';

PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE

---------- ---------- ----------------------------------

P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00'

SYS_P66 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-23 00:00:00'

SYS_P67 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-24 00:00:00'

SYS_P68 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-25 00:00:00'

SYS_P69 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-26 00:00:00'

SYS_P70 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-27 00:00:00'

6 rows selected.

Flashback Data

Archive

Flashback Data Archive

• Tamper-proof data archive

• Efficient storage and retrieval of undo

• Keep data for months, years, decades!

• Fast access to even very old data

• View data, versions of rows as of any time

• Control data retention time, purging of data

User Tablespaces

Flashback Data Archive

Oracle 11g Database

Select * from orders AS OF ‘Midnight 31-Dec-2004’

Changes ArchiveArchiveTablesTables

lFlashback Data ArchiveslTrack changes that occur on a table over the lifetime of the table. lMust create a flashback archive and assign to an existing tablespace or tablespace group:

Create flashback archive default archive_one_yeartablespace retention_archivesQuota 5g retention 1 year;

Flashback Data Archive

lAssign to a tableCreate table test_arch (id number) tablespace users flashback archive (default);Alter table other_test flashback archive archive_one_year;

lTurn off – All history is lost…Alter table other_test no flashback archive;

Flashback Data Archive

lQuerying – Just use the as of clause in the select command:

Select id from test as of timestamp (systimestamp - interval '6' month);

Flashback Data Archive

Administração

em geral

Parameter File from Memory

• In pre-Oracle11g releases, we can create pfile from spfile or spfile from pfile.

• In Oracle11g, we can now create spfile or pfile from memory

CREATE PFILE='/u01/oracle/admin/DB1/pfile/initDB1.ora' FROM MEMORY;

CREATE SPFILE FROM MEMORY;

Shrink Temporary Tablespaces

• Option to shrink a temporary tablepace• Option to shrink a temporary tablespace file• New view DBA_TEMP_FREE_SPACE

alter tablespace temp shrink space keep 18M;alter tablespace temp shrink space;alter tablespace temp shrink tempfile'c:\oracle\oradata\w11gr1\temp01.dbf' keep 20M;

select * from dba_temp_free_space;TABLESPACE_NAME TABLESPACE_SIZE ALLOCATED_SPACE FREE_SPACE--------------- --------------- --------------- ----------TEMP 52494336 2162688 51380224

Read-only Tables

• New ALTER TABLE clause to make a table read-only.• If you try to perform insert or update or delete on read-only table,

you get an ORA-12081 error.• Truncate not allowed.ALTER TABLE <table_name> READ ONLY;ALTER TABLE <table_name> READ WRITE;

select owner, table_name, tablespace_namefrom dba_tableswhere read_only = 'YES';

Add NOT NULL column

• When NOT NULL column with DEFAULT value is added to a table, no update performed on existing rows.

• Only dictionary is updated• Same syntax, different behavior

Tablespace for GTT

• In pre-Oracle11g releases, the global temporary table segments where created in the user’s default temporary tablespace.

• In Oracle11g, you can specify a tablespace for global temporary tablespace segments.

create global temporary table customer_stage (cust_name number (10),col1 varchar2 (40),col2 varchar2 (60))on commit preserve rowstablespace temp;

Invisible Indexes

• If you want to test the implications of creating an index without affecting the application, you can make the index invisible. After testing, you may drop the index or make it visible.

• To make the optimizer use invisible index, set the OPTIMIZER_USE_INVISIBLE_INDEXES to TRUE in the session.

• INVISIBLE/VISIBLE clause is added to CREATE INDEX and ALTER INDEX statements.

Invisible IndexesSQL> create index hr.employee_test on hr.employee (first_name) invisible;Index created.SQL> select index_name, visibility from dba_indexes

2 where owner = 'HR' and table_name = 'EMPLOYEE';INDEX_NAME VISIBILIT------------------------------ ---------PK_EMPLOYEE VISIBLEEMPLOYEE_TEST INVISIBLESQL> select first_name, last_name from hr.employee

2 where first_name = 'John';------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 78 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMPLOYEE | 3 | 78 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------SQL> alter session set optimizer_use_invisible_indexes = true;Session altered.SQL> select first_name, last_name from hr.employee

2 where first_name = 'John';-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 78 | 2 (0| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMPLOYEE | 3 | 78 | 2 (0|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EMPLOYEE_TEST | 3 | | 1 (0-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL*Plus

• On Windows, SQLPLUSW.EXE replaced with SQL Developer, SQLPLUS.EXE still available.

• SQL*Plus error logging to write ORA, PLS and SP2 errors –Default table name is SPERRORLOG.

SET ERRORL[OGGING] {ON|OFF} [TABLE [schema.]tablename][TRUNCATE] [IDENTIFIER identifier]

SQL> desc sperrorlogName Null? Type---------------------- -------- ----------------USERNAME VARCHAR2(256)TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP(6)SCRIPT VARCHAR2(1024)IDENTIFIER VARCHAR2(256)MESSAGE CLOBSTATEMENT CLOB

Expanded Oracle Supplied Packages

• View List of Supplied Packages on Your System• 9iR2: 357 Packages• 10gR1: 469 Packages• 10gR2: 519 Packages• 11g: 591 Packages

SELECT object_nameFROM all_objectsWHERE owner = 'SYS'AND object_type = 'PACKAGE'ORDER BY object_name;

Passwords are Case Sensitive

• New users created in Oracle11g have case sensitive password.

• When upgrading from pre-11 release, case sensitivity takes effect when you change password.

• PASSWORD_VERSIONS column in DBA_USERS.• Disable case sensitivity by setting

SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON to FALSE.

Upgrade Oracle Database 11g

Upgrade to 11g – Upgrade Methods

l Supported Upgrade Methodsl Database Upgrade AssistantlManual Upgradesl Export/Importl SQL*Plus Copy

Upgrade to 11g – Upgrade Paths

lDBUA/Manual Upgrade Supported Upgrade PathslUpgrade to supported upgrade versionlAny Oracle version < 9.2.0.4

lUpgrade directly to 11glOracle 9.2.0.4 (or higher)lOracle 10.1.0.2 (or higher)lOracle 10.2.0.1(or higher)

lExp/Imp method or SQL*Plus copy method generally supported across versions.

Upgrade to 11g - DBUA

lUsing the DBUAlRun from the 11g Oracle HomelPersonally recommend you make your own backup before you upgrade a database.lExecutes pre-upgrade checks and post-upgrade checks.

Upgrade to 11g - DBUA

lDBUA prompts you forlDatabase to upgrade (from /etc/oratab or an Oracle service)lLocation of DIAGNOSTIC_DEST lOption to move datafiles (including to/from ASM)lBackup of your databaselAbility to manage passwords for any new database users created.

Referências

Referências

• Oracle Database 11g New Features, Oracle Press –Robert Freeman

• Top 10, no – make that 11, things about Oracle Database 11g Release 1 – Tom Kyte

• New Tuning Features in Oracle 11g – Penny Cookson

• Database New Features (Release 11g), Oracle Corporation

• Concepts (Release 11g), Oracle Corporation

<Insert Picture Here>

Oracle Database 11g New Features

Eduardo Hahn

Advanced IT S.A.