Name: Priyanka Florina Karmokar

Registration No. 12103050

Oral Contraceptives:

Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) are medications that prevent pregnancy. They are one

method of control. Oral contraceptives are hormonal preparations that may contain combinations

of the hormones estrogen and progestin or progestin alone.

Combinations of estrogen and progestin prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the release of the

hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary

gland in the brain. LH and FSH play key roles in the development of the egg and preparation of

the lining of the uterus for implantation of the embryo.

Progestin also makes the uterine mucus that surrounds the egg more difficult for sperm to

penetrate and, therefore, for fertilization to take place. In some women, progestin inhibits

ovulation (release of the egg).

Minipill:

The minipill, also known as the progestin-only birth control pill, is an oral contraceptive that

contains the hormone progestin. Unlike combination birth control pills, the minipill doesn't

contain estrogen. The progestin dose in a minipill is lower than the progestin dose in a

combination oral contraceptive pill.

The minipill thickens cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus (endometrium) -

preventing sperm from reaching the egg. The minipill also sometimes suppresses ovulation. For

maximum effectiveness, you must take the minipill at the same time every day.

The minipill is an easily reversible method of contraception. Your fertility may return to normal

immediately after you stop taking the minipill.

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES:

SL

NO.

BRAND NAME GENERIC NAME INDICATION MANUFACTURER

1 NorpillTM1 Levonorgestrel Oral emergency

contraceptive.

Square

Pharmaceuticals Ltd

2 TulipTM Ulipristal Acetate Oral emergency

contraceptive.

Square

Pharmaceuticals Ltd

3 Rosen 28 Ethinylestradiol &

Drospirenone

Prevention of

pregnancy

Incepta

Pharmaceuticals Ltd

4 Lyta 28 Levonorgestrel,

Ethinylestradiol &

Ferrous Fumarate

Prevention of

pregnancy

To regularize

menstrual cycle 

To reduce

discomforts

experienced during

menstruation.

Incepta

Pharmaceuticals Ltd

5 Gestop 28 (Gestodene & Ehinylestradiol)

Prevention of

pregnancy

Incepta

Pharmaceuticals Ltd

6 EMCON Levonorgestrel

0.75mg/tablet

Oral emergency

contraceptive.

Renata Ltd.

7 Norestin® Norethisterone 5 mg

tablet

Prevention of

pregnancy

Beximco Pharma

8 LyensTM Lynestrenol BP 2.5

mg and

Ehtinylestradiol

0.05 mg

Prevention of

pregnancy

Nuvista Pharma