oral health access in the state of wisconsin: a continuing issue · · 2018-03-12oral health...
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ORAL HEALTH ACCESS IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN: A CONTINUING ISSUEBY AMIT ACHARYA, BDS, MS, PHD
For a lot of us access to dental/oral care is not much of an issue. However, over 108 million Americans lack dental
insurance; which is over 2.5 times the number who lack medical insurance.1 Oral health burdens about 53 million children
and adults across the United States. 1 Thus, many Americans seek dental care in hospital emergency rooms (ERs).
August 2013
A Quarterly publication coordinated by the Dental Informatics Research &Training Program under the leadership of Dr. Amit Acharya
In a recent report by The Pew Charitable Trusts, two
categories of dentist shortages were identified for
children’s access to oral care.
1. Uneven distribution of dentists nation‐wide
2. Relatively small number of dentists who accept
Medicaid (14 million children enrolled in Medicaid
did not receive any dental service in 2011)8
The Pew Center on the States estimates that preventable dental conditions were the
primary diagnosis in 830,590 visits to ERs nationwide in 2009 ‐ a 16 percent increase
from 2006.2 For many children of low‐income families, emergency rooms are the first
and last resort because it is a struggle to find a dentist who either practices in their
area or accepts Medicaid patients. CMS projects that the total national expenditures
for dental care will almost triple between 2000 and 2020 (from $62.0 billion in 2000
to $167.9 billion in 2020, a 271% increase) 3 and we are currently on par with meeting
these predicted numbers.
Tooth decay is the single most common childhood disease, five times more common
than asthma.4 Cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx constitutes approximately 3%
of total malignancies.5 The National Cancer Institute estimates that 41,380 men and
women in US will be diagnosed with oral cancer in 2013.6 CDC reported that about
47% of US adults aged 30 years and older have periodontitis.7
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ORAL HEALTH ACCESS IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN: A CONTINUING ISSUE
BY AMIT ACHARYA, BDS, MS, PHD
Continued from Page 1
About 9.2% of the Wisconsin residents are underserved and live in dentist
shortage areas.8 A growing concern is that close to 45% of the dentists in
Wisconsin are nearing retirement.8 To add to these current issues, Wisconsin
ranks number two among all the states in US where low‐income children are
least likely to receive dental and oral care.8 In 2011, 71.5% of Medicaid‐
enrolled children did not receive a dental visit in the state of Wisconsin.8
There are about 15,000 six year‐olds are sitting in classrooms throughout the
State of Wisconsin with active dental decay and painful mouths.9 The CDC
estimates that in the US approximately 40% of the children have caries by the
time they enter kindergarten, more than 50% have caries by second grade
and 80% have caries by the time they graduate high school.
Questions? Dixie Schroeder, Dental Informatics Research Project Coordinator | 715.221.7266 | [email protected]
Marshfield Clinic and Family Health Center of Marshfield, Inc. has been
striving to solve the dental and oral health access problem since 2002 by
strategically opening dental centers in the underserved areas in Wisconsin. As
a result of this effort, some of counties in our service areas, like Chippewa
[41.7%], Rusk [48.4%] and Price [56.9%, have been on par with the top states
in the country for providing access to dental care to our children.
Cumulatively, this has led to a noticeable increase in the State’s access rates
from 25.6% [2008] to 28.5% [2011]10 which the Executive Director of FHC, Mr.
Greg Nycz calls “The Marshfield Effect”. However, we have a long journey
ahead of us.
1. US DHHS, National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health, Rockville, MD, DHHS, PHS, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. NIH Publication No. 03‐5303, Spring 2003.
2. A Costly Dental Destination: Hospital Care Means States Pay Dearly; February 28, 2013 3. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 4. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 5. Neville B W, Day TA. Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. CA Cancer J Clin 2002; 52:195‐215. 6. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2013. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2013. Available online.
Last accessed May 2, 2013. 7. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton‐Evans GO, Genco RJ (2012). Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009
and 2010. J Dent Res 91:914‐920. 8. In search of Dental Care: Two Types of Dentist Shortages Limit Children’s Access to Care; June 23, 2013 9. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps: Data Sources and Measures 10. CMS‐416 Report, Annual EPSDT Participation
References
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REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENT PERIODONTITIS
USING AN ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM
Abstract
An oral health surveillance platform that queries a clinical/administrative data warehouse was applied to estimate regional prevalence of periodontitis. Cross‐sectional analysis of electronic health record data collected between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, was undertaken in a population sample residing in Ladysmith, Wisconsin.
Eligibility criteria included: 1) residence in defined zip codes, 2) age 25–64 years, and 3) ≥1 Marshfield dental clinic comprehensive examination. Prevalence was established using two independent methods: 1) via an algorithm that considered clinical attachment loss and probe depth and 2) via standardized Current Dental Terminology (CDT) codes related to periodontal treatment. Prevalence estimates were age‐standardized to 2000 US Census estimates.
Inclusion criteria were met by 2,056 persons. On the basis of the American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention method, the age‐standardized prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis (combined) was 407 per 1,000 males and 308 per 1,000 females (348/1,000 males and 269/1,000 females using the CDT code method). Increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis was noted with increasing age.
Local prevalence of periodontitis was consistent with national estimates. The need to address potential sample selection bias in future electronic health record–based periodontitis research was identified by this approach.
Methods outlined herein may be applied to refine oral health surveillance systems, inform dental epidemiologic methods, and evaluate interventional outcomes.
A full version of this publication can be found at the American Journal of Epidemiology’s website at:
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/kws293?ijkey=rBb3vz1fwYMuFzT&keytype=ref
Research Team Members:
Amit Acharya, BDS, MS, PhD
Jeffrey J. VanWormer, PhD
Stephen C. Waring, DVM, PhD
Aaron W. Miller, PhD
Jay T. Fuehrer, BBA
Gregory R. Nycz, BS
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A Quarterly publication coordinated by the Dental Informatics Research &Training Program under the leadership of Dr. Amit Acharya
1. Schleyer TK, Ruttenberg A, Duncan W, Haendel M, Torniai C, Acharya A, Song M, Thyvalikakath TP, Liu K‐H, Hernandez P. An ontology‐based method for secondary use of electronic dental record data. JAMIA (PP.18‐22) Presented at: AMIA Summits on Clinical Research Informatics (CRI); 2013 Mar 18‐22; San Francisco, CA.
2. Liu K‐H, Acharya A (Co‐Principal Author), Ala S, Schleyer T, ‘Using Electronic Dental Record Data for Research: A Data Mapping Study’, Journal of Dental Research, 2013 May 20. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 23690362
3. Acharya A, Hernandez P, Thyvalikakath T, Ye H, Mei S and Schleyer T, Making dental data more consistent: Bottom‐up content development for patient records in general dentistry through a consensus‐based approach, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2013, Accepted.
4. Asan O, Ye H, Acharya A, Dental providers’ and patients’ perceptions of the impact of Health Information Technology’s in the dental care setting, Journal of American Dental Association, 2013, Accepted.
PUBLICATIONS
Jeff VanWormer is an Associate Research Scientist in the Epidemiology Research Center at the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation.
Dr. VanWormer earned a PhD in behavioral epidemiology at the University of Minnesota and has focused his research in the primary prevention of cardiometabolic disease, with particular emphases on community‐level risk factor surveillance and lifestyle interventions. He has led and assisted with several evidence‐based medicine and health disparities projects focused on aspirin and statin use, periodontitis and oral hygiene, and influenza vaccination, among others.
Dr. VanWormer is also an investigator member in the national HMO Research Network and Wisconsin’s Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, as well as an Associate Editor for the scientific journal Diabetes Spectrum.
FEATURED PROFILE: JEFF VANWORMER, PHD
PRESENTATIONS
Acharya A, ‘Computation and Informatics in Dentistry: A specialized area of research focus”, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry Leadership Team, Marshfield, WI, May 13, 2013
Acharya A, ‘The Silent Epidemic’, US Senator Tammy Baldwin, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, July 1, 2013
Acharya A, Schroeder D, ‘Dental Informatics Project Updates’, Family Health Center of Marshfield, Inc. Board of Directors, Marshfield, WI, July 15, 2013
Acharya A, DI Team, ‘Dental Informatics Project Updates’, Dr. Bob Steiner, Executive Director MCRF, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, July 15, 2013
Acharya A, Schroeder D, ‘State of Oral Health in Wisconsin: A Silent Epidemic’, Anne Boson, Charitable Fund Director, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Marshfield, WI, July 15, 2013
Acharya A, Schroeder D, ‘State of Oral Health in Wisconsin: A Silent Epidemic’, Dr. Jeff Chaffin, Chief Dental Officer, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Marshfield, WI, July 30, 2013
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Questions? Dixie Schroeder, Dental Informatics Research Project Coordinator | 715.221.7266 | [email protected]