ISBN: 2587-1943

2018

BOOK OF ABSTRACT

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CIEA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

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20-22 September 2018 / Sivas, Turkey

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ISBN: 2587-1943

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Asst. Prof. Dr. Yusuf Doğan, Munzur University, TR

Asst. Prof. Dr. Zülküf Balalan, Bingöl University, TR

Asst. Prof. Dr. Tahsin Yüksel, Cumhuriyet University, TR

Asst. Prof. Dr. Zeki Omaç, Munzur University, TR

Dr. Mehmet Kayra Tanaydın, Munzur University, TR

Dr. Mustafa Ali, Coventry University, UK

Dr. Savas Konur, University of Bradford, UK

Dr. Javad Khamisabadi, Islamic Azad University, IR

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

Chairman of Conference

Prof. Dr. Hikmet Esen – Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Serdar Mercan – Cumhuriyet University

Secretary

Res. Asst. Abdullah Kapıcıoğlu – Cumhuriyet University

Layout Secretary

Res. Asst. Cihangir Kale

Res. Asst. Alper Polat

Res. Asst. Habip Şahin

Res. Asst. Tarık Şeker

Res. Asst. Melek Güner

Res. Asst. Burhan Yılmaz

Res. Asst. Büşra Çulcu

Res. Asst. Ezgi Gürgenç

PhD. Student Fehmi Aslan

Members of the Committee

Prof. Dr. Hikmet ESEN, Munzur University, TR

Prof. Dr. Niyazi ÖZDEMİR, Fırat University, TR

Prof. Dr. Meltem SARIOĞLU CEBECİ, Cumhuriyet University, TR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim CAN, Cumhuriyet University, TR

Asst. Prof. Dr. Serdar MERCAN, Cumhuriyet University, TR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hacı Mehmet BAŞKONUŞ, Munzur University, TR

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ferit AK, Munzur University, TR

Welcome to CIEA’2018

It is a pleasure for us to offer you Abstract Book for the International Conference on Innovative

Engineering Applications CIEA’2018. Our goal was to create a scientific platform that

introduces the newest results on internationally recognized experts to local students and

colleagues and simultaneously displays relevant Turkish achievements to the world. The

positive feedback of the community encouraged us to proceed and transform a single event into

a conference series. Now, CIEA’2018 is honored by the presence of over 300 colleagues from

various countries. We stayed true to the original CIEA’2018 concept and accepted contributions

from all fields of innovative and advanced technologies to promote multidisciplinary

discussions. The focal points of the conference emerged spontaneously from the submitted

abstracts: civil, metalurrgy-material technologies, food sciences, bioengineering, electrical,

energy applications, advanced materials, electronic and optoelectronic devices. Our warmest

thanks go to all invited speakers, authors, and contributors of CIEA’2018 for accepting our

invitation. We hope that you will enjoy the conference and look forward to meeting you again

in one of the forthcoming CIEA’2018 event.

Best regards,

Chairmen’s of Conference

Prof. Dr. Hikmet ESEN

Asst. Prof. Dr. Serdar MERCAN

Abstract Lists

ID Number- NAME OF ARTICLE (Author (s))…………………..………..Page Number

7- CASTOR OIL BASED EPOXY ACRYLATES: A NEW CLASS OF BIO-BASED HYBRID RESIN FAMILY (G. Cayli, S. Sen,

D. Gürbüz, A. Cinarli)………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………01

8- SYNTHESIS OF BIO-BASED ISOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCAYATES (G. Cayli, S. Sen, D. Gürbüz, A. Cinarli)..……..02

15- COMPARISON OF TWO SOIL BACTERIA IN BIOREMEDIATION OF HERBICIDE IMIDACLOPRID (G. O. Erguven, U.

Demirci)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....03

33- CRYSTAL ENGINEERING OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS: CO-CRYSTALS OF TRINITRO TOLUENE(TNT) WITH

MODIFIED PERFORMANCE AND IMPROVED CHEMICAL STABILITY (N. Sen)…………………………….…………………....04

38- SECOND GENERATION PLASTICS: CONDUCTING POLYMERS (E. Gul, C. Ergun)…………………………………………05

57- ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BLOOD ANALYSIS PARAMETERS DEPENDENT BREAST CANCER PRE-DIAGNOSIS WITH

THE HELP OF INFORMATIVE IMAGES OBTAINED BY DATA MINING AND IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS (S. B.

Akben)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………06

69- FPAA IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCRETE TIME CHAOTIC MAPS (E. Gunay, K. Altun)……………………..……………..07

70- PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGONAL CHAOTIC SIGNALS IN DIGITAL BASED CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS (K. Altun, E. Gunay)…………………..………………………………………………………………………………………...08

81- OPTICAL SOLITONS FOR NLSE WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS BY MODIFIED JACOBI ELLIPTIC METHOD (E. C.

Aslan, M. İnç)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….09

82- APPLICATION OF LIE SYMMETRY ANALYSIS TO CONSTANT MEAN CURVATURE SURFACES PDE (E. C. Aslan, Z.

Küçükarslan, M. İnç)…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………..10

86- PI, PD, PID CONTROLLER’S DESIGNED FOR UAV QUADROTORS TRAJECTORY (Z. Satla, M. Eladjrami, K. Bendine,

M. Salah, A. Polat)….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...…. 11

93- THE EFFECT OF BRAZING FILLER MATERIALS AMOUNT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JOINT (S.

Mercan)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………...12

97- VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF NEW TYPE UAV DRONE WING (M. Salah, Z. Satla, K. Bendine, A. Polat)………………….13

99- FOOD WASTE VALORISATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (M. Güzel, Ö. Akpınar)……...14

100- BACTERIAL CELLULOSE PRODUCTION FROM CUCUMBER PEELS (M. Güzel, Ö. Akpınar)..…………………………15

107- MODELING AND CONTROL OF A WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM BASED ON DOUBLE FED INDUCTION

GENERATOR (Z. Dekali, M. Salah)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….16

108- FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCED SYNTHETIC FOAMS (K. Ç. Çıbıkçı, M. Yaman, M. F.

Şansveren, E. Gavgalı)…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..…17

125- EFFECTS ON THE LIPOXYGENASE INACTIVATION OF THERMAL AND SOME NON- THERMAL TECHNIQUES IN

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROCESSING (Ş. Karagöz, A. Demirdöven)……………………………..…………………………….19

126- COLOR, TEXTURE AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN-COATED SLICED APPLES WITH AND WITHOUT

STEVIA (Ş. Karagöz, A. Demirdöven)……………………………………………………………………………………………..……..20

131- SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF A GROUP OF NEW SCHIFF BASES (A.

Senocak)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...21

145- ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ANALYSES OF HUMIC ACID AND FULVIC ACID (V. E. Atalay, Y. Ayik, H. Ocak)…………..22

150- USE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (A. Unal, A. Oz)………………………………...23

157- FEATURE SELECTION IN MODELING OF CHIP-SEQ DATA (V. Purutcuoglu, E. D. Dar)………………………………….24

162- DESIGNING EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TO LEARN HELICOPTER DYNAMICS (C. Tepe, M. S. Çelik, İ.

Eminoğlu)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….25

165- POLY (4-METHYL-2-(((PYRIDIN-2-YL) METHYLIDENE)AMINO) PHENOL)-PD(II) CATALYST: SYNTHESIS,

CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION IN SUZUKI REACTIONS (N. Y. Baran)……………………………..………………26

169- ELECTROCHROMIC PERFORMANCE OF WO3 NANOSTRUCTURES GROWN ON ZNO/ FTO AND NIO/FTO SEED

LAYER (S. M. Karadeniz, B. B. Çırak, T. Kılınç, Ç. Çırak, Z. Demir, Ç. Eden, Y. Erdoğan, A.E. Ekinci)………………………….27

170- FACILE SYNTHESIS OF ZNO RODS, TUBES AND SHEETS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES WITH USING CHEMICAL

DEPOSITION METHOD (S. M. Karadeniz, M. Ozturan)……………………………………………………………………….………28

121- FAILURE ANALYSIS OF WELD JOINTS (S.Mercan)………………………………………………………………..…………...18

183- THE EFFECT OF ENERGY DENSITY TO THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY IN TURKEY (N.

Yilankirkan)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..29

184- WORK HARDENING AND WEAR RESISTANCE BEHAVIOR OF HARD FACED CASTING SAMPLES CARRIED OUT

WITH HIGH MANGANESE COVERED ELECTRODES (S. Kolukisa, İ. Dilek, S. Bayar)…………………………………………..30

192- MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED AL-SI-MG EUTECTIC ALLOY

AFTER HEAT TREATMENT (Y. Kaygisiz, D. B. Kayan)………………………………………………………………………….……31

202- SYNTHESIS OF THIADIAZOLE TETRASUBSTITUTED ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUND AND INVESTIGATION

OF THE POTENTIAL USE IN ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS (E. Yabas, A. Ozer, M. Kul, P. Baser)……………………………..…32

203- INVESTIGATION OF PH SENSITIVE COLORIMETRIC PROPERTIES AND “OFF-ON-OFF” TYPE MOLECULAR SWITCH BEHAVIORS OF DOUBLE-DECKER LU(III) PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS (E. Yabas)…….………………..…33

214- SEMI-BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF TIME SERIES CHAIN GRAPHICAL MODELS IN BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS (H.

Farnoudkia, V. Purutçuoglu)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….34

254- INHIBITOR DESIGN FOR TYROSINE KINASE PROTEIN EFFECTIVE IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT (F. Gedikli)……..35

261- RESULTS ON THE BANACH COMMON FIXED-POINT THEORY IN THE ORDERED GD-METRIC LIKE SPACES (O.

Özer, Ch. Z. Nisar)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….36

266- ON THE C*- ALGEBRA G-METRIC SPACE RELATED WITH FIXED POINT THEOREMS (O. Ozer, S.

Omran)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

267- BASIC SAMPLES FOR A KIND OF ESPECIAL DIOPHANTINE TRIPLES & THEIR PROPERTIES (O. Ozer)………...…38

291- CO-ENCAPSULATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND ANTILEISHMANIAL DRUGS IN POLYCAPROLACTONE

NANOPARTICLES: A NOVEL TREATMENT APPROACH AGAINST LEISHMANIASIS (E. S. Abamor, O. A. Tosyali)…...…39

299- NATURAL SANITIZERS FOR NATURAL, NUTRITIOUS AND SAFETY FOODS (S. Karabiyikli)………………………..40

300- ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF QUEBECOL AS NATURAL PHENOLIC COMPOUND: A BIOCHEMICAL

APPROACH (U. M. Kocyigit)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..41

308- THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

PERFORMANCE OF TIO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS (B. B. Cirak)……………………………………………………………………42

317- SEARCH FOR HIGGS EFFECTIVE COUPLINGS AT PHOTON INDUCED REACTIONS (V. Cetinkaya, V. Ari, A. A.

Billur, C. Samanci)……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….43

318- SEARCH FOR EXCITED SPIN-3/2 ELECTRONS AT E- COLLIDERS (V. Cetinkaya)……………………….…………….44

321- PROBING DOUBLY CHARGED LEPTONS AT MUON-PROTON COLLIDERS (A. Ozansoy)…………………………….45

322- ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THYMUS FALLAX F. ON CLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSIS

SUBSP. MICHIGANENSIS AND XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV. VESICATORIA (T. Karan)………………......…………46

337- ESTIMATION OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER NETWORKS VIA TARGET PROTEINS AND RISK FACTORS (B.

Bahcivanci, V. Purutcuoglu, E. Purutcuoglu, Y. Urun)…………………..…………………………………………………………..47

347- APPLICATION OF WC-10CO-4CR COATINGS PRODUCED BY HVOF AND HVOLF THERMAL PROCESSES FOR

SURFACE PROTECTION IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY (A. M. Atieh, A. AlHazaa, R. Upadhyay)....……………………48

353- STUDIES ON THE ANOMALOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENTS OF THE TAU-LEPTON IN PHOTON-

MUON COLLISIONS AT THE MUON COLLIDERS (A. Billur, M. Koksal)…………………………………………………………51

354- OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION PROCESS IN QUINCE CUBES (F. Ak, A. Guven, M. Kaya)………………………………….52

356- FOOD TEXTURING IN THE SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATIONS (F. Ak)……………………………………53

357- A SUGGESTION FOR THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM (Y. Esen)……………….………………………………54

364- EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OPERABILITY AND USABILITY BY DESIGNING A NEW ELECTRIC VEHICLE (I. Can, A.

Kapicioglu, T. Yuksel)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….55

366- A SYSTEM BASED ON ADAPTIVE BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION APPROACH FOR MOVING OBJECT DETECTION

AND TRACKING IN VIDEOS (I. Can, M. K. Yildirim, H.Bagırov, M. Ozer)…………………………………………………....56

370- INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF TLP BONDING: CHALLENGES AND OVERVIEW (R. Bakhtyari)…………………..58

Castor Oil Based Epoxy Acrylates: A New Class of Bio-based Hybrid Resin Family

G. Cayli1*, S. Sen2, D. Gürbüz3, A. Cinarli3

1Department of Engineering Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Polymer Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey

3 Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Many research group have aimed to synthesize new type of bio based monomers and polymers in order to replace petroleum based ones. Environmental factors and limited amount of petroleum reserves are the two of the most important motivations. Plant oil triglycerides seem to be one of the most suitable candidates for bio-based monomer and polymers. Although plant oil are promising materials, the polymers synthesized are suffer from low mechanical and thermal properties when they are compared to petroleum based monomers. In order to eliminate those problems plant oil based monomers can be mixed with petroleum based ones or plant oil triglycerides can be further modified. Further modification of plant oil based monomers is a cumbersome strategy. Luckily, some inherently functionalized plant oil triglycerides can be found in nature. The most used one is castor oil. Castor oil is a triglyceride of ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid is a hydroxyl containing unsaturated and 18 carbon fatty acid. In our study, castor oil was acrylated, methacrylated and maleinated with a suitable method. After that, epoxidation of the ricinoleic acid was performed. At the end of the reaction, a series of an epoxy acrylate monomers could be obtained. These monomers have different type of polymerizable group. Thus, these monomers may also be called as hybrid resins. Except epoxidized maleinated castor oil, acrylated and methacrylated castor oil monomers have low viscosity. The polymers synthesized from those monomers showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties.

Keywords: Castor oil, epoxy acrylates, bio-based polymers.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 212-473-7070/18093: fax: +90 212-473-7180.E-mail address: gokhan.cayli@istanbul.edu.tr (G. Cayli).

1

Synthesis of Bio-Based Isocyanates and Isothiocayates

G. Cayli1*, S. Sen2, D. Gurbuz3, A. Cinarli3

1Department of Engineering Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Polymer Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey

3 Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Many research group have aimed to synthesize new type of bio based monomers and polymers in order to replace petroleum based ones. Plant oil triglycerides seem to be one of the most important alternative source. Plat oil triglycerides are tri esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Plant oil triglycerides are mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids. One can synthesize by manipulating of the reactive sides of plant oil triglycerides. Allylic and double allylic carbons are one of them. When plant oil triglycerides are reacted with NBS (N-bromo succinimide), Allylic halogens of plant oil triglycerides are easily obtained. When these allylic bromides were reacted with AgNCO in tetrahydrofuran, allylic isocyanate derivative of plant oils were obtained. Polyurethanes and polyureas of those polyisocyanates were also synthesized and characterized. If allylic bromides of plant oil triglycerides were reacted with ammonium rhodanide, isothiocyanate derivative of plant oils were obtained after an interesting allylic rearrangement reaction. Polythiourethanes and polythioureas of the plant oil based polyisothiocyanates were also characterized.

Keywords: Renewable sources, soybean oil, allylic positions, poly isocyanates, poly isothiocyanates.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 212-473-7070/18093: fax: +90 212-473-7180E-mail address: gokhan.cayli@istanbul.edu.tr (G. Cayli).

2

Comparison of Two Soil Bacteria in Bioremediation of Herbicide Imidacloprid

G. O. Erguven1*, U. Demirci2

1,2Department of Environmental Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey

Two soil bacterium types (Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans and Sphingomonas melonis) and consortia of them compared to reveal out the bioremediation efficiency of insecticide imidacloprid (C9H10ClN5O2) via chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) parameters. The bacteria cultures were isolated from cotton agricultural field on one of the villages of Adana province of Turkey unexposed to imidacloprid before. Each bacterium enriched in sabouraud dextrose broth media and 50 ml of these enriched media and mixture of them (25ml each of) was inoculated into 200 mL of 1600ppm imidacloprid solutions that suggested for cotton farmers. The experiments continued about 14 days in 160 rpm, 280C. Bioremediation results of imidacloprid have shown different results according to the types of bacteria. For COD, TOC and BOD5 parameters, removal efficiencies were between 89% and 96%. Our results indicate that Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans, Sphingomonas melonis and mixture of them might be used in imidacloprid bioremediation with a significant COD, TOC and BOD5 reduction and can be used for rehabilitation of agricultural fields or receiving environments for removal the opposite effects of these type of insecticides.

Keywords: Bioremediation, imidacloprid, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand

This study was supported by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Munzur University. Project Number: YLMUB017-181

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 428-213-1794/2451: fax: +90 346-219-1241. E-mail address: goerguven@munzur.edu.tr (G.O. Erguvan).

3

Crystal Engineering of Energetic Materials: Co-crystals of Trinitro toluene(TNT) with Modified Performance and Improved Chemical Stability

N. Sen1*

1 School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Energetic materials, particularly explosives, have been commonly utilized in mining, armaments, space exploration and fireworks for many years [1]. During the last decade, one of the aims of the development of explosives has been to achieve high energy output, high safety, eco-friendly and low cost. In the area of energetic materials, co-crystallization is emerging as a novel technology for modifying or enhancing the properties of current energetic substances. Co-crystallisation is proposed as an effective method to modify the physico-chemical properties of energetic materials, drugs without altering their chemical structure, and it is extensively used for the pharmaceutical industry [2-5]. A 1:1 co-crystal of TNT with 4,4-bipyridine, hexamine, anthranilic acid, benzamide was prepared by solvent evaporation method. Co-crystallization studies including characterization (Single crystal X-ray data, Powder X Ray diffraction), thermal behavior (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), impact sensitivity (BAM Fall Hammer), Mass spectrometry and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis carried out in detail. The heats of formation was calculated by using Gaussian 03 suite of programs. Detonation velocity, detonation pressure are the key parameters to evaluate the performance of TNT. We analysed the crystal packing and show how this may influence sensitivity to impact. The results highlight that co-crystallisation is an effective way to alter detonation performance, sensitivity, and chemical stability. This new TNT co-crystal will provide new insights into future design of energetic materials.

. Keywords: TNT, sensitivity, co-crystal, detonation performance

[1] Akhavan, J. The Chemistry of Explosives. 3rd ed., RSC Press, Cambridge/UK, 2011, pp.1-2; ISBN 978-1-84973-330-4.[2] Sikder, A.K.; Sikder, N. J. Haz. Mat. 112, 15 (2004).[3] Shen, J. P.; Duan, X. H.; Luo, Q. P.; Zhou, Y.; Bao, Q.; Ma, Y. J.; Pei, C. H. Cryst. Growth Des. 11, 1759–1765 (2011).[4] Remenar, J. F.; Morissette, S. L.; Peterson, M. L.; Moulton, B.; MacPhee, J. M.; Guzman, H. R.; Almarsson, O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 8456–8457 (2003).[5] Weyna, D. R.; Shattock, T.; Vishweshwar, P.; Zaworotko, M. J. Cryst. Growth Des. 9, 1106–1123(2009).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 505 295 56 15 E-mail address: nilgunsen2001@gmail.com, Nilgun.sen@ed. ac.uk (N.Sen)

4

Second Generation Plastics: Conducting Polymers

E. Gul1, C. Ergun2*

1,2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey

After the discovery of conductivity in some macromolecules in 1977, conducting polymers have been taken a valuable attention. Conducting polymers are low cost and processable materials. Moreover, they can be applied on the flexible surfaces unlike their inorganic counterparts. Beyond those properties, electrical, and optical properties can be improved by modifying their structures.

The molecular engineering have opened a new gap for second generation conducting polymers by introducing “donor-acceptor approach”. Different electron donor and acceptor groups can be combined in the same polymer chain to alter the properties. Conducting polymers have been used in various smart technological areas such as electromic windows, light emitting diodes, television and mobile phone screens, solar cells, field effect transistors, biosensors, etc.

In this work, donor and acceptor groups used in conducting polymer synthesis will be discussed and structure-property relationship will be elucidated. The synthesis and characterization routes will be shown and common applications will be demonstrated.

Keywords: Conducting polymers, donor-acceptor approach, applications.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 312-246-6666/1314: fax: +90 312-246-6707.E-mail address: egcansu@gmail.com (C. Ergun)

5

Anthropometric and Blood Analysis Parameters Dependent Breast Cancer Pre-Diagnosis with the Help of Informative Images Obtained by Data Mining and

Image Processing Algorithms

S. B. Akben1*

1Computer Technologies Department of Bahce Vocational School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey

Pre-diagnosis of breast cancer is very important for medical doctors and medical doctors are frequently used the anthropometric and routine blood analysis parameters for the pre-diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, researchers are developing the automatic pre-diagnosis methods using these parameters and data mining algorithms to help the medical doctors. However, these methods only provide the numerical prediction results and not provide the interpretation availability of parameter effects for medical doctors. For this reason, new solutions providing both the automatic pre-diagnosis results and interpretation availability of parameters effects are needed for medical doctors. Aim of this study is to provide the easily understandable and interpretable maps (images) for pre-diagnosing the breast cancer using the anthropometric and routine blood analysis parameters. The method used for this aim is to transform the rules determined by decision trees algorithm into images. At the first phase of the method, decision tree rules (BMI, Glucose, Leptin and Resistin) were determined using the attributes having highest information gain. Then, the rules were transformed into easily interpretable images using image processing methods. Thus, the informative and easy interpretable maps (images) that help the pre-diagnosis of breast cancer were proposed to medical doctors. The accuracy rate of the pre-diagnosis method proposed in this study is also 86.2%.

Keywords: Breast cancer, anthropometric, biomarker, blood analysis, data mining.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/2314: fax: +90 346-219-1241.E-mail address: batuhanakben@osmaniye.edu.tr (S. B. Akben)

6

FPAA Implementation of Discrete Time Chaotic Maps

E.Gunay1, K.Altun2*

1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2Sivas Vocational College, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

The most basic structure to be used in chaotic communication systems is chaos signal generators. The chaos generators can be realized as hardware, either analogue or digital. Digital-based chaos generators can be implemented using Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Analog-based chaos generators can be implemented using discrete circuit elements or using Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). The chaotic generator comes out of chaos after a certain period of time and shows predictable characteristics due to the rounding errors of the numerical based designs of chaotic systems, which significantly reduces the reliability of communication systems. These reliability issues make analog based system designs indispensable. The FPAA grabs attention as a programmable integrated circuit that allows a new design or a modification on the existing design and faster analysis. Although discrete time chaotic generators can be implemented with digital based hardware, analogue based implementation could only be realized with discrete circuit elements. This work highlights the design and experimental application of discrete-time chaotic generators using FPAA.

Keywords: Field programmable analog arrays, Discrete time chaos.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/2358: fax: +90 346-219-1265.E-mail address: kaltun@cumhuriyet.edu.tr (K.Altun).

7

Performance Analysis of Orthogonal Chaotic Signals in Digital Based Chaotic Communication Systems

K.Altun1*, E.Gunay2

1Sivas Vocational College, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

In spread spectrum communication systems, narrowband information signals are carried using chaos-based carrier signals featured with broad band structure. The high bandwidth of the carrier signal causes decreasing in the power spectral density while increasing in the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. This situation contributes to the storage of information signals in noise and to the transmission of reliable information. In this study, communication quality performance is inquired by investigating chaotic signals, which are main carrier of the chaotic based digital communication systems, and its effects on the bit error rates.

The study was performed using one of the digital-based chaotic communication systems which is Chaotic On-Off Keying (COOK). The results are compared for discrete and continuous signals using respectively, Henon-logistic map discrete chaotic generators, and Rössler-Sproot continuous chaotic generators. Bit error rates using continuous or discrete chaotic generators are similar in these studies. However, it is observed that the bit error rates are changed by the orthogonal structure of the signals rather than the continuous or discrete chaotic generator structure. Furthermore, the Rössler and Henon map chaotic generators with orthogonal structure have a low bit error rate compared to other chaotic constructions.

Keywords: Chaotic Communication, Orthogonal signal, bit error rate.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/2358: fax: +90 346-219-1265.E-mail address: kaltun@cumhuriyet.edu.tr (K.Altun).

8

Optical Solitons for NLSE with Variable Coefficients by Modified Jacobi Elliptic Method

E.Cavlak Aslan1* , M. İnç2

Department of Mathematics, Science Faculty, Elazıg, Turkey

1The aim of this work is to present optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with variable coefficients. The modified Jacobi elliptic method are applied to obtain the optical soliton solutions. Consequently, dark and bright optical soliton are obtained. Keywords: NLSE, Jacobi elliptic method, optical soliton.

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 424 237 0000 E-mail address: ebrucavlak@hotmail.com (E.Cavlak).

9

Application of Lie Symmetry Analysis to Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces PDE

E. Cavlak Aslan1* , Z. Küçükarslan2, M. İnç3

1,2,3Department of Mathematics, Science Faculty, Elazıg, Turkey

The present note emphasizes that a classical family of constant mean curvature surfaces is provided as a general solution for certain PDE systems in Galilean spaces. The infinitesimal generators of the symmetry algebra of PDE system are explicitly determined.

1Keywords: Lie symmetry analaysis, constant mean curvature surfaces PDE

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 424 237 0000. E-mail address: ebrucavlak@hotmail.com (E. Cavlak).

10

PI, PD, PID Controller’s Designed for UAV Quadrotors Trajectory

Z.Satla1*, M.Eladjrami1, K. Bendine1, M.Salah1, A. Polat2

1 Department of mechanical Engineering, College of science and technology, Djilali liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria 2Department of construction technology, College of Munzur, Tunceli, Turkey

The present paper means to design a mathematical model to estimate the behavior of flying robots with four motors (quadrotors) controlled by different controller’s algorithms (PI, PD, PID); where P depends on the present errors; I on the accumulation of past errors, and D a prediction of future errors (controller design) with simple strategy. Thus consider, a principal equation of motion based on Newton Euler’s formularies for rigid body dynamics is presented. In order to design the control algorithm some assumptions are made such as the ignorance of the blade flapping, surrounding fluid velocities, and adaptation scheme for using Pythagoras theorem to estimate the modeling and minimized errors between desired and simulated trajectory . This exclusion of parameters makes the model flexible, simple, and allows the control to be more efficient and easy to design without the need complicate model and minimized the financial burden of conducting these computation. The simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB program.

Keywords: Quadrotors, controller, PI, PD, PID, Newton Euler’s Equations, Pythagoras theorem, Matlab.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +213 6 68 40 19 62. E-mail address: satlazouaoui2@hotmail.fr (Z.Satla).

11

12

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346 219 10 10

E-mail address: smsmercan@gmail.com

The Effect of Brazing Filler Materials Amount on Mechanical Properties of Joint

S. Mercan1

1Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Teknoloji Fakültesi, Mekatronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, Sivas, Türkiye

The production factors of natural stone cutting core sockets and the joining methods directly affect the service life. For this reason, with the manufacturing parameters, the final production step, the parameters must be correctly selected in the joining method when joining the sockets with the steel plates. Incorrect selection of the joining method and the parameters to be used in the selected method results in loss of efficiency. The sockets joined with the steels must not have been carried out at high temperatures in order to have high strength values in the working environment. At the same time, the selection of the filler metal to be used in the appropriate quantities is important in terms of connection quality and production costs. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to determine the amount of filler metal in natural stone cutting sockets when they are joined with steel materials by brazing method. For this purpose, microstructure of the joint region was investigated and changes in the mechanical properties were tried to be determined depending on the amount of filler metal.

Keywords: Diamond Tool, Induction brazingMechanical Tests, DIN 2391, Sintering

Vibration Analysis of New Type UAV Drone Wing

M.Salah1 , Z.Satla1*,K.Bendine1, A. Polat2

1 Department of mechanical Engineering, College of science and technology, Djilali liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria 2Department of construction technology, College of Munzur, Tunceli, Turkey

This work is a simulation study to resolve Modal analysis and harmonic vibrations analysis of new wings configuration renamed inflatable wing , using modal analysis is a very important technique which helps in determining the natural frequencies as well as mode shapes of a structure (inflatable wing) and first five modes of vibration are extracted for in first plate then we do a harmonic vibration of an inflatable wing of drone (fixed wing UAV), to achieve this a wing constructed of an external restraint made of Kapton coated Kevlar fabric encasing a bladder is considered for internal pressures ranging from 0.02 to 0.1Mpa (3 to 15 psig). The simulation study was driven by Ansys 15.0 using APDL program

Keywords: Inflatable Wing; UAV drone; Natural Frequency; Internal Pressure; Vibrations.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +213 6 68 40 19 62. E-mail address: satlazouaoui2@hotmail.fr (Z.Satla).

13

Food Waste Valorisation for the Production of Bacterial Cellulose

M. Guzel1*, Ö. Akpınar2

1Department of Food Processing, The University of Gümüşhane, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School, Gümüşhane, Turkey

2Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, The University of Gaziosmanpaşa, Tokat, Turkey

Every year in the world, large quantities of wastes such as peel, seed and pomace are produced in the food industry, and they are an economic and environmental problem during fruit and vegetable processing. In addition, about 5-30% of the raw material is damaged during transportation or due to the lack of necessary properties for packaging and sale. Waste management is a critical issue for the food industry, because they contain high organic matter. For the past decades, efforts have been made extensively to improve methods and find alternative ways to utilization of them. Recently, there have been various studies about production of cellulose from the food waste. Cellulose can be also produced by various bacterial species, as an extracellular polymer of their metabolism and known as bacterial cellulose (BC). BC has many superior properties compared to plant cellulose. Due to the high cost of carbon sources used in BC production, the use of industry is limited. For this reason, food wastes can be used as carbon source for the production of BC and can reduce the production cost of it. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate different food waste for the production of BC production and to compare the properties of them.

Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, food waste, valorization.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 456 233 1000-3608 E-mail address: melihguzel010@hotmail.com (M. Guzel).

14

Bacterial Cellulose Production from Cucumber Peels

M. Guzel1* , Ö. Akpınar2

1Department of Food Processing, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School, The University of Gümüşhane, Gümüşhane, Turkey

2 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, The University of Gaziosmanpaşa, Tokat, Turkey

Cellulose is the most common linear polymer in the world and, it is formed by d-glucose units linked together with β-1,4-glycosidic linkages. It can be also produced by various bacterial species and known as bacterial cellulose (BC). It has excellent properties compared to plant cellulose. In spite of the many advantages, the high cost of BC production limits the industrial implementation and the market share of the polymer. For this reason, various studies are carried out in order to decrease the production cost. The use of food waste is also one of them. BC production is affect many conditions (eg carbon source, cultivation method, nitrogen source, agitation speed of culture media, Na concentration of culture media, culture temperature, fermentation time and addition of agar, oxygen and presence of phytochemicals). In this study, physicochemical properties, phytochemical and phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of cucumber peels and BC production from peel hydrolysate were investigated. Cucumber peels were used for the BC production and moisture, ash, production yield and liquid holding capacities (water, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetic acid), thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), crystal structure (XRD) and characterization (FTIR) of BC were determined and results were compared with BC produced in the Hestrin-Schramm and plant cellulose. The results showed that BC yields of cucumber peels was 5.14%, the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, sugar contents of wastes were inversely proportional to BC yield and BC from cucumber peels were had high water holding capacity, about 45% thinner fiber diameter and high thermal stability than BC produced in the Hestrin-Schramm.

Keywords: Food wastes, bacterial cellulose, effect, phenolic, phytochemical.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 456 233 1000-3608 E-mail address: melihguzel010@hotmail.com (M. Guzel).

15

Modeling and Control of a Wind Energy Conversion System Based on Double Fed Induction Generator

Z. Dekali1* , M. Salah2

1,2 Department of Automatic Laboratory, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

This paper describes the installation of an experimental bench for the purpose of emulation of a wind energy conversion system (WECS), the electromechanical power conversion based on a double fed induction generator (DFIG) which is driven by a DC motor (DCM). The DC motor controlled in armature current to emulate the dynamic behaviors of a 1.5 kW three-bladed wind turbine with a horizontal axis. In the experiments testes, we test the DC motor control with a classic PI regulator, we impose an armature current which corresponds to an aerodynamic torque resulting by the application of a wind speeds profile on the static model of the wind turbine. in parallel, we test the transient results of the transfer of active and reactive power between the power grid and the DFIG during hypo and hyper synchronous modes under 1vector control in a dq frame. The control algorithms are implanted in C, using dSPACE DS1104 control board to drive both machines through the uses power electronic converters (inverter, chopper). The experimental results confirm the advantages of using this proposed structure for wind energy conversion system and the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

Keywords: Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Wind turbine, dSPACE DS1104.

1 Corresponding author. Tel. +213 799-207-726 E-mail address: : zouheyr.dekali@gmail.com (Z. Dekali).

16

Free Vibration Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Synthetic Foams

K.Ç.Çıbıkçı1*, M.Yaman2, M.F.Şansveren2, E.Gavgalı3

1Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Erzincan 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum 3 Bayburt University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Bayburt

Synthetic foams are one of the most commonly used closed cell structured composites. These composites have low density, high acoustic and moisture insulation, insulation and so on. due to its characteristics, it is preferred in many industrial applications such as marine, aviation, space, construction and automotive. Synthetic foams are produced by adding hollow particles (microballoons) to the matrix material. The most preferred matrix materials are polymers. The addition of hollow particles into the matrix negatively affects the strength of the structure so nano or normal fiber reinforcement is made to improve these properties.

In this study; free vibrational properties of microballoon and fiber reinforced composites with linear, orthotropic and elastic properties were investigated. Free vibration analysis of composite structures reinforced with glass fiber and also produced with layers of various density and volume ratio of microballoons has been investigated numerically. Numerical analyzes were performed using the finite element method. The effects of microballoon density and volume ratio on vibration were investigated.

Keywords: Microballoons, fiber, synthetic foam, free vibration.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: 05398613271 E-mail address: kubra.cibikci@erzincan.edu.tr (K. Ç. Çıbıkçı).

17

Failure Analysis of Weld Joints

S.Mercan1*

1Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Technology, Mechatronics Eng. Dpt., Sivas, TURKEY

Failure analysis of welded joints protects connection defects that may arise during welding or due to operating conditions. It considers the negative factors that may be caused by defects and errors. It is an important method that plays a role in minimizing the occurrence of errors and taking precautions in place. The analysis is performed in two steps. The first stage is the examination of the failure weld zone. For this purpose, mechanical and chemical properties and manufacturing parameters of the material are determined. At this stage, the error causing the damage is determined. The second stage includes measures to prevent the recurrence of the similar error that caused the damage and the preparation of the failure report. When the reasons causing the damage are understood with the report prepared, it can be ensured that the same damage can be prevented in the future. The main cause of damage to welded joints is technological errors. Damages to welded joints can also occur due to the combination of several technological errors. Therefore, it is necessary to know which technological error is caused by the damage to the part in order to perform the damage analysis correctly. These are design faults in welded joints, production/plant faults and damage due to operating conditions.

Keywords: Failure, Failure analysis, Welding, Welding defects.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346 219 10 10

E-mail address: smsmercan@gmail.com

18

Effects On The Lipoxygenase Inactivation Of Thermal And Some Non- Thermal Techniques In Fruit And Vegetable Processing

Ş. Karagöz1, A. Demirdöven2*1

1Department of Food Technology Zile Vocational High School, Food Technology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat- Zile, 60400, Turkey

2*Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, 60150, Turkey

Lipoxygenase enzyme stands out with its negative effects in fruit and vegetable processing, although it is an enzyme that has positive effects in food processing. Lipoxygenase enzyme can cause nutrient losses, off flavor formation and color losses in the fruit and vegetable and their products. Therefore, different applications are available on the inactivation of lipoxygenase enzyme. The most common method in these applications are heat treatment of fruits and vegetables. Besides, the addition of various additives in products, edible film coating applications of fruits and vegetables and other methods such as ultrasound, pulsed electrical field, microwave heating can also be used. For these applications as in additive application, oil antioxidants preventing creation peroxide of lipoxygenase is added. Also in recent years, edible films are used in the prevention of lipoxygenase-induced degradation. In addition to these ultrasound, pulsed electrical field, high pressure techniques is located within the non-thermal techniques for enzyme inhibition. Thanks to these techniques are prevented the negative effects of thermal treatment on food quality. Furthermore, the microwave heating is a different method in lipoxygenase enzyme inactivation. It has both thermal and non-thermal effects. In this study, lipoxygenase enzyme in fruit and vegetables, and its negative effects, and also some applications for thermal and non-thermal techniques used in the inactivation of lipoxygenase enzyme is reviewed.

Keywords: Lipoxygenase, inactivation, fruit, vegetable, novel techniques.

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 356-252-1616/2899: fax: +90 356-252-1625. E-mail address: aslihan.demirdoven@gop.edu.tr(A.Demirdoven).

19

Color, Texture And Sensory Properties Of Chitosan-Coated Sliced Apples With And Without Stevia

Ş. Karagoz1, A. Demirdoven2*

1Department of Food Technology Zile Vocational High School, Food Technology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat- Zile, 60400, Turkey1

2*Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, 60150, Turkey

In this study, it was aimed to produce sliced apples with chitosan (CH) and chitosan+stevia containing films (CHS). For edible film formulations, 0.75% chitosan, 1% acetic acid, 1.5% glycerol and 2% ascorbic acid were used. For the preparation of CHS films, a final concentration of 2.5% was added from stevia dry leaf extract containing 8.33%. The sliced apples were immersed films for 30 minutes and dried for 60 minutes in room conditions. Coated apples stored in modified atmosphere conditions in polypropylene bags at +1 ° C for 3 days. Color, texture and sensory properties of samples were analyzed in 24 hours period. At the end of storage, the fruit flesh L * values of the control (C), CH and CHS groups were decreased, while a* and b* values were increased (p≤0.05). CHS group showed the highest L* value and the lowest a* and b* values. CH increased the fruit hardness value at the beginning of storage but there were no statistically differences evaluated between the control and CH groups on other days (p>0.05). The coated apples were tasted by 9 panelists and samples were found sour compared to the control group due to acetic acid and ascorbic acid. For this reason, the degree of sweetness is thought to be lower than the control group. But they found similar with control samples for hardness and brittleness. The CHS group has not been accepted by the panelists and Stevia smell and bitter taste was obvious.

Keywords : Apple, chitosan, stevia, edible film

1 1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 356-252-1616/2899: fax: +90 356-252-1625. E-mail address: aslihan.demirdoven@gop.edu.tr(A.Demirdoven).

20

Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of A Group of New Schiff Bases

A. Senocak1

Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, University of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa, Tokat, Turkey

Schiff bases are regarded as one of the most studied compound group because of their potential using areas ranging from pharmacology and industry to biology and chemistry. According to the literature survey, versatility, stability and ease of synthesis of the Schiff bases induce to their broad in scope applications containing catalysts, dyes and pigments, corrosion inhibitors and bioactive materials1-4. Azomethine group in Schiff bases has been reported contributing to bioactivity by interacting and forming hydrogen bonding with certain sites in the cell structure5.

Alzheimer disease (AD) affecting people aged 65 to 90 years is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease in the world. One of the agents for treatments of AD are Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors6. Design of the GSK-3β inhibitors was the key challenge which induce to the use of computer-aided drug design approaches. Computer-aided drug design have got growing attention by the researchers aiming to get rid of waste of time and resources over the last decades. This approach includes receptor-based drug design (RBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD). RBDD involves designing of small molecules and interacting it with a target protein downloaded from Protein Data Bank.

In this study, four new Schiff bases were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Besides, molecular docking studies of the Schiff bases were carried out as GSK-3β inhibitors against AD.

Keywords: Schiff base, NMR spectroscopy, GSK-3β, Alzheimer disease, molecular docking.

References

1. Kumar, R.; Mani, G. Exhibition of the Brønsted acid–base character of a Schiff base in palladium(II) complex formation: Lithium complexation,fluxional properties and catalysis of Suzuki reactions in water. Dalton Trans. 2015, 44, 6896-6908.2. Nejati, K.; Rezvani, Z.; Massoumi, B. Syntheses and investigation of thermal properties of copper complexes with azo-containing Schiff-base dyes.Dyes Pigments 2007, 75, 653-657. 3. Ebenso, E.E.; Isabirye, D.A.; Eddy, N.O. Adsorption and quantum chemical studies on the inhibition potentials of some thiosemicarbazides for thecorrosion of mild steel in acidic medium. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 2473-2498.4. Cinarli, A.; Gürbüz, D.; Tavman, A.; Birteksöz, A.S. Synthesis, spectra characterization and antimicrobial activity of some Schiff bases of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25, 407-417.5. Kajal, A.; Bala, S.; Kamboj, S.; Sharma, N.; Saini, V. Schiff bases: A versatile pharmacophore. J. Catal. 2013, 1-14.6. Picanço, L.C.S.; Castro,L.L.; Pinheiro, A.A.; da Silva, K.R.; de Souza, L.R.; Braga, F.S.; da Silva, C.H.T.P.; Santos, C.B.R.; Hage-Melim, L.I.S. Study of Molecular Docking,Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of GSK-3β Inhibitors. Brit. J. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7, 152-175.

1 * Corresponding author.. E-mail address: aysegul.senocak@gop.edu.tr (A.Senocak).

21

Antioxidant Activity Analyses of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid V. Enisoglu Atalay1* , Y. Ayik2, H. Ocak3

1,2,3Department of Bioengineering, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey

The free radicals have important role in formation of many cell toxins. Besides, they can induce oxidative damage in biomolecules which may alter the cell structure and destroy its health [1]. Humic and fulvic acids are the most significant constituents of organic matter in both soils and municipal waste compost, have a relevant role in the cycling of many elements in the environment. The fulvic acid shows higher physico-chemical activity than humic acid [2].

This work aims analysing antioxidative properties of humic and fulvic acids through hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer followed by proton transfer and sequential proton loss electron transfer mechanisms by calculating the ionization potentials, proton affinities and enthalpies of bond dissociation, proton dissociation and electron transfer of them. All calculations were done in both gas and water. Second aim is calculating/comparing of several molecular descriptors of the molecules to sort their antioxidant activity.

Geometry optimizations were performed with DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) method in Gaussian’09. Single point energies of them were calculated with DFT/M062X/6311G+(d,p) method. Calculations were listed and antioxidant activities of the molecules were sorted through several ways, as BDE, HOMO, LUMO etc. Moreover effects of methods, basis sets and solvent were discussed.

[1].Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K. & Hagen, T. M. (1993) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915 [2].Aminifard, M. H., Aroiee, H., Nemati, H., Azizi, M. & Jaafar, H.Z.E. (2012) https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.1507

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +902164002222/2411 E-mail address: vildan.enisoglu@uskudar.edu.tr

22

Use of Pervious Concrete in the Construction Industry

A. Unal1* , A. Oz2

1 Erzurum Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, Erzurum, Turkey 2 Atatürk University, Narman Vocational High School, Erzurum, Turkey

Today, concrete road surfaces have to meet the requirements in many aspects such as durability, safety, ease of use, cost and environmental impact. The use of concrete as a pavement material on the road is spreading as an alternative to asphalt. Especially due to the widespread use of concrete in the big cities; failing to meet the rain water with the ground causes some deformation in the cities. It is known that pervious concrete is used in a number of studies (city roads, parking lots, pavements, etc.) for this purpose. Pervious concrete is a concrete type containing interconnected voids. Pervious concrete is different from normal concrete because of containing limited fine materials. In this study, applications related to the use of pervious concrete especially in transportation sector are explained. In addition, the future use of permeable concrete has been expressed in terms of use.

Keywords: Pervious concrete, transportation, construction sector.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 444 5 388-2363. E-mail address:ahmet.unal@erzurum.edu.tr (A.ÜNAL).

23

Feature Selection in Modeling of Chip-Seq Data

V. Purutcuoglu1, E. D. Dar

1Department of Statistics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey The detection of binding sides in Chip-Seq data is one of the interesting reserach areas in systems biology since the promoters, enhancers, repressors or insulators which occupy DNA bindings sides can indicate the spatial dependency between their neighboring sites and such information can imply the physicochemical similarities and be helful to find the protein teritary structure. In mathematical modeling of this dataset, the hidden Markov model (HMM) is one of the choices among alternatives such as linear support vector machines, neural networks, different encoding schemes and correlation-based feature selection methods. But as the advantage of HMM, it can be inferred via parametric approaches like the expectation-maximization, also named as Baum-Welsch, algorithm or Bayesian inference methods and thereby, includes the likelihood information of the data in estimated structure. In this study, we investigate whether the methods of feature selection has any effect in the accuracy of the estimated system via HMM. Hence, before modeling of the data, we apply various clustering techniques such as k-means, hierarchical clustering, fuzzy k-means, fuzzy k-medoids, PAMSAM (partitionaing around medoids with sammon mapping), sammon mapping and some other dimension reduction methods in order to assign the major physichemical fetaures to the hidden states. Then, we perform both EM and Viterbi algorithms to evaluate the accuracy of the results in bench-mark real datasets. From the findings, we observe that the feature selection cannot have significant effect on the accuracy if we use classical clustering methods, whereas, more sophisticated methods based on fuzziness have promising contribution in accuarcy. Keywords: Hidden Markov model, dimension reduction methods, Chip-Seq data. Acknowledgement: The second author thanks to the BAP project (no: BAP-08-11-2017-035) of Middle East Technical University for its support. References: [1] Everitt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M. (2001). Cluster Analysis, Arnold. [2] Ghahramani, Z. (1997). Learning dynamics Bayesian networks. 1-31. Chapter in: Adaptive Processing of Temporal Information. Editors: Giles, C.L., Gori, M. Springer-Verlag. [3] Rögnvaldsson, Y., Garwicz, (2015). State of the art prediction of HIV-1 protease cleavage sites. Bioinformatics, 31, 8, 1204-1210.

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 (312) 210-5319: fax: +90 (312) 210-2959 E-mail address: vpurutcu@metu.edu.tr (V. Purutcuoglu).

24

Designing Experimental Setup to Learn Helicopter Dynamics

C. Tepe 1*, M.S. Çelik 2 , İ. Eminoğlu3

1-3Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

The main purpose of this work is to design a two-motor aerodynamic system to experience the simplified helicopter dynamics. There are 2 engines in this application.One of the motors is in the tail section to provide vertical movement and the other in the front section to provide horizontal movement.There is a brushless dc motor in the front section and a brushed dc motor in the tail. When the system is operated, it can stand a stable position in the horizontal and vertical axis against the external disturbance effect.

The disturbance effect can be anything that can disrupt the balance or angle of the wing. For

example, wind in the environment is a disturbance. The vertical angle of the system is measured with the MPU6050 gyro-acceleration sensor. Similarly, the horizontal angle of motion is measured by the potentiometer located at the middle point of the system. The proportional, derivative and integral (PID) controller is used to control the system. The PID algorithm is embedded in the Arduino Uno, which contains the Atmega328p microcontroller as a software. Performance of P, PI, PD, PID controllers has been tested separately. The desired angle and measured angle values in vertical and horizontal motion are transferred to Matlab environment using Arduino ADC and necessary graphics are drawn.

In this study, students learn how to use the microcontroller first hand, to use gyro-acceleration

sensor and to measure the slope angle with these sensors, to perform brushless motor speed control according to changing angle values, how to embedded PID algorithm in to microcontroller. In addition, students are directed to the fields of aircraft, electrical-electronics, control and software by this study.

Keywords: Helicopter, PID, control, experiment, implementation

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 362-312-1919/1103 E-mail address: ctepe@omu.edu.tr (C. Tepe)

25

Poly(4-methyl-2-(((pyridin-2-yl)methylidene)amino)phenol)-Pd(II) Catalyst: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Suzuki Reactions

N. Y. Baran1

1Aksaray University, Technical Vocational School, Department of Chemistry Technology, Aksaray 68100, Turkey

Suzuki coupling reactions have been known to be one of the most advantageous methods which are used in synthesis of biaryls. The fabrication of biaryls is also important due the fact that they are utilized in many industrial applications such as pharmacology, medicine, agriculture and cosmetic. Synthesis of biaryls via Suzuki coupling reactions are generally performed in the presence of palladium catalysts. Moreover, the selection of support materials which are used in preparation of palladium catalysts is very important parameter because these materials determine properties of the designed catalyst. Schiff base polymers are also powerful alternative support materials for Suzuki coupling reactions thanks to their semiconductive, antimicrobial, outstanding optic, fluorescence, electrochemical and high thermal and mechanical stability properties.

In the present study a novel highly efficient, thermally resistant, easily recoverable Poly(4-methyl-2-(((pyridin-2-yl)methylidene)amino)phenol)-Pd(II) catalyst was designed for Suzuki coupling reactions. Firstly, the synthesis of the Schiff base polymer was carried out by oxidative polycondensation of 4-methyl-2-(((pyridin-2-yl)methylidene)amino)phenol Schiff base monomer, using NaOCl oxidant in an aqueous alkaline medium. Secondly, palladium complex of the prepared polymer was synthesized and its catalytic performance was investigated in the synthesis of several biaryl compounds via Suzuki coupling reactions.

Keywords: Biaryls, catalyst, Schiff base polymers, Suzuki reactions.

1

1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 382-288-2028: fax: +90 382-288-2099.

E-mail address: nybaran@aksaray.edu.tr.com (N. Yılmaz Baran).

26

Electrochromic performance of WO3 nanostructures grown on ZnO/ FTO and NiO/FTO seed layer

S.M. Karadeniz1*, B.B. Çırak2, T. Kılınç1, Ç. Çırak1, Z. Demir1, Ç. Eden1, Y. Erdoğan 1 and A. E. Ekinci1

1

1Department of Physics, University of Erzincan, Erzincan, Turkey 2Department of Alternative Energy Sources, University of Erzincan, Erzincan, Turkey

In this study, it is aimed to investigate how the electrochromic properties of WO3 (Tungsten Trioxide) structure synthesized on ZnO and NiO seed layers are changed. ZnO (Zinc Oxide) seed layer and NiO (Nickel Oxide) seed layer were deposited on the FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) substrates with Spin Coating Method at different parameters (using different molarity solution, different salt etc.). After that, WO3 nanostructures were synthesized on FTO, ZnO seeded layer and NiO seeded layer. Structural, morphological, optical properties and electrochromic performance of WO3 nanostructures were investigated by using X-ray Diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer, and Cyclic voltammetry. Water Contact angle measurements were used for determining hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the samples. The results were compared with WO3 and ZnO and NiO films synthesized on FTO by spin coating method at same parameters.

Keywords: Electrochromic, ZnO, NiO, WO3, Spin Coating

1 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 446 224 3032 /40036 E-mail address: morkocsibel@gmail.com (S. Morkoc).

27

Facile Synthesis of ZnO Rods, Tubes and Sheets at Different Temperatures with Using Chemical Deposition Method

S. M. Karadeniz1*, M. Ozturan1

1Department of Physics, University of Erzincan, Erzincan, Turkey

In this study, it is aimed to investigate properties of ZnO nanostructure synthesized on FTO and glass substrates at different temperatures. ZnO (Zinc Oxide) nanorods, nonotubes and nanosheets were synthesized at different parameters. After synthesis process, ZnO nanostructures were characterized for determining structural, optical and hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties. Structural, morphological, optical properties and Water contact angle of ZnO nanostructures were investigated by using X-ray Diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and optical tensiometers. The results were compared with the literature and it was contributed to the literature.

Keywords: Chemical deposition, ZnO, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets

1*Corresponding author. Tel.:+90 446- 224- 3032/40036 E-mail address: smorkoc@erzincan.edu.tr (S.Markoc).

28

The Effect of Energy Density to the Efficiency of Energy in Turkey N. Yilankirkan1*

1Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey

Energy consumption and energy demand depending on this increase as a result of population growth, technological developments and changing of life styles in the worldwide. Because of the same reasons, demand of energy tends to increase in Turkey, too. It is of paramount importance that Turkey, which exports a significant portion of its energy needs is able to meet this increasing energy need from domestic sources. When domestic fossil energy sources, renewable and alternative energy sources which have been identified up to now are taken into consideration, whole of energy needs cannot be met without external dependence. For that reason, the efficient using of domestic resources and imported energy has a big contribution to the country's economy. Energy intensity is an important indicator of energy efficiency, which reduces energy consumption per unit of service or product, without decreasing the quality and quantity of the industry, while increasing living standards and service quality in the buildings. Energy intensity represents the amount of TEP energy consumed for the $ 1000 product. In other words, the lower the density, the more energy is used efficiently. In this study, to be detected about reduction of energy intensity in sectors where energy consumption is high, effect of this to the energy efficiency studies and what can be done in these matters.

Keywords: Energy, consumption, efficiency, density.

29

Work Hardening and Wear Resistance Behavior of Hard Faced Casting

Samples Carried Out with High Manganese Covered Electrodes

S. Kolukisa1*, İ. Dilek2, S. Bayar3

1Deparment of Mechanical Enginering, University of Munzur,Tunceli,Turkey 2 Univercity of Munzur , Tunceli,Turkey

3Department of Metallurgy and Metarials Engineering, İskenderun Technical University, İskenderun, Turkey

In this article work hardening and wear resistance behavior of hardfacing, carried out with high manganese steel electrode for wear resisting deposits on generally, high manganese (12-14%) steels/castings were experimentally studied. These type of filler welding electrodes (Fe-C-Mn) is mainly useful for severe service combining abrasion and heavy impact conditions such as mining, due to its cost efficiency, ductility and ability to strain harden especially under impact loads.

High manganese filler electrodes (AS SD 600) were employed for hardfacing of high manganese austenitic casting samples. Filled samples were homogenized at 10000 C for 40 minutes to eliminate carbides, formations and factors influencing structure integrity. Annealing is followed by quenching at precooled fluid to preserve pure austenitic structure at room temperature. Specimens were then machined 40x40x50 mm dimensions and hammered with the aid of impact controlled hammers. Three impact loads were employed to prompt hardening behavior. Cold deformed specimens were cater for hardness tests and metallographic examinations to characterize work hardening behavior, alignment with metallurgical spectrum and structure. Cold worked specimens were significantly showed hard characteristics and wear resistance regarding to as hard faced (welded) condition.

Keywords: Hardfacing, filler electrodes, high manganese, austenitic, work hardening.

1*Corresponding author. Tel: +90 506 137 78 77 E-mail address: skolukisa@munzur.edu.tr (S.Kolukısa)

30

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Directionally Solidified Al-Si-Mg Eutectic Alloy After Heat Treatment

Y. Kaygisiz1*, D. B. Kayan2

1Electricity and Energy Department, Technical Vocational School of Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray/Turkey 2Chemistry Department, Science and Arts Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray/ Turkey

This study aims to determine the corrosion behavior of directionally solidified Al–Si–Mg eutectic alloy at a constant temperature gradient with two different growth rates after heat treatment (T6). Directional solidification of Al-Si-Mg alloy was made by using a Bridgman type directional solidification furnace.

For the heat treatment of the samples of Al-Si-Mg eutectic alloy, the solution was treated at 500oC for 2 h, then quenched in cold water and subsequently aged at 180oC for 4 h respectively (T6 heat treatment).

The directionally solidified and heat treated samples were removed from the graphite crucible and typically cut into lengths of 80 mm. After each sample was moulded, it was sanded and polished. The polished samples were etched with 2ml of hydrofluoric acid, 3ml of hydrochloric acid and 5ml of nitric acid in 190ml of distilled water for 25-30 s in order to reveal their microstructures. The morphological images of the samples were photographed by a ZEISS Gemini 500 model field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

The microstructure of Al–Si–Mg eutectic consists of irregular Si plates and Mg2Si Chinese’s script within an aluminum matrix.

The corrosion studies of the samples were investigated by Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The all measurements were carried out using an electrochemical workstation system (Gamry, Interface 1000), and a conventional three-electrode cell in 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 °C.

Keywords: Aluminum alloy, heat treatment, corrosion test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, tafel curves.

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +90 543 575 7660E-mail address : yusufkaygisiz82@gmail.com (Y.Kaygisiz).

31

Synthesis of Thiadiazole Tetrasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanine Compound and Investigation of the Potential Use in Organic Solar Cells

E. Yabas1,2*, A. Ozer2,3, M. Kul2,3, P.Baser2,4

1Department of Chemistry and Chem. Proc. Technologies, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey 2Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey 3Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey

4Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey

Phthalocyanines are well known for their semiconducting properties, the high thermal and optical stabilities, the controllable redox potentials, large extinction co-efficient in the near IR region [1,2]. Because of these properties, phthalocyanines are very promising active organic compounds in organic solar cells. All the properties of the phthalocyanines can be changed by replacing the ring-bound metal center and the substituent groups connected from the peripheral/non-peripheral positions. The applications of thiadiazole derivatives in organic solar batteries are also remarkable [3]. It is thought that the new organic compound obtained by combining these two active groups will have high energy efficiency in organic solar cells.

In this study, firstly, 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted phthalonitrile derivative was prepared by reaction of 4-hydroxyphthalonitrile and 2-amino-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole in the presence of K2CO3. Then, 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized by tetramerization reaction of the phthalonitrile derivative in the presence of ZnCl2. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The aggregation, fluorescence and photoluminescence properties of the synthesized Zn(II) phthalocyanine were spectroscopically studied to determine the potential usage in organic solar cells. While the thin film surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical (energy transfer) property was characterized by photoluminescence and fluorescence spectroscopies. For these purposes thin films were prepared by drop casting method. The obtained all data showed that this compound can be used in organic solar cells due to its high activity.

References

[1] C.C. Leznoff, A.B.P. Lever (1989, 1993, 1996) Phthalocyanines: properties and applications,vols. 1-4. VCH Publishers, Cambridge.[2] N.B. McKeown (1998) Phthalocyanine materials. synthesis, structure and function. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge.[3] T. S. van der Poll, J.A. Love , T.Q. Nguyen , G. C. Bazen, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 3646-3649.

Keywords: Phthalocyanine, thiadiazole, organic solar cell, fluorescence, aggregation, SEM, photoluminescence.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/5759E-mail address: eyabas@cumhuriyet.edu.tr, yabasebru@gmail.com (E. Yabas).

32

Investigation of pH Sensitive Colorimetric Properties and “off-on-off” Type Molecular Switch Behaviors of Double-Decker Lu(III) Phthalocyanine

Compounds

E. Yabas1,2*

1Department of Chemistry and Chem. Proc. Technologies, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey 2Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey

Developing of pH sensitive electronic devices has been important in application areas such as

molecular switches, sensors and logic gates [1]. The applications in these areas of compounds, in which imidazole groups are attached, are specifically remarkable [2].

In this work, pH sensitive colorimetric and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized 1H-imidazole and N-alkyimidazole substituted double-decker Lu(III) phthalocyanine compounds [3] were investigated. UV-Vis, emission spectra and color changes in the solution of these compounds are strongly dependent on the pH. Color and spectroscopic changes in the compounds are originated from protonation and deprotonation of substituted imidazole groups in acidic and basic media, respectively. Consequently, it has been observed that these compounds have potential to be used in application areas such as colorimetric pH sensors and molecular switches. This work, used of the double-decker phthalocyanines in investigation of colorimetric pH sensor and pH sensitive "off-on-off" type molecular switch properties are the first study. On the other hand, cationic water soluble Lu(III) phthalocyanine was syhthesized by alkylation reaction of N-alkyimidazole substituted Lu(III) phthalocyanine and was characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, UV-Vis. Aggregation and fluorescence properties of the water soluble Lu(III) phthalocyanine was also investigated.

References [1] S.Z. Topal, E. Önal, A.G. Gürek, C. Hirel, Dalton Trans., 42 (2013) 11528. [2] F. Gao, H. Chao, F. Zhou, B. Peng, L-N. Ji, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 10 (2007) 170. [3] E. Yabaş, M. Sülü, F. Dumludağ, A.R. Özkaya, B. Salih, Ö. Bekaroğlu, Polyhedron, 42 (2012) 196.

Keywords: Double-decker phthalocyanine, imidazole, pH sensor, fluorescence, aggregation,

lutetium.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/5759 E-mail address: eyabas@cumhuriyet.edu.tr, yabasebru@gmail.com (E. Yabas).

33

Semi-Bayesian Inference of Time Series Chain Graphical Models in Biological Networks

H. Farnoudkia1, V. Purutcuoglu2*

2Department of Statistics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey The construction of biological networks via time-course datasets can be performed both deterministic models such as ordinary differential equations and stochastic models such as diffusion approximation. Between these two branches, the former has wider application since more data can be available. In this study, we particularly deal with the probabilistic approaches for the steady-state or deterministic description of the biological systems when the systems are observed though time. Hence, we consider time series chain graphical model which enables to bind the activation of a system under different time points via two covariance matrices under multivariate normal distributions of states. In inference of this complex model, we propose two scenarios based on two stages. In the first plan, the time courses are supposed as sample. The covariance matrix Γwhich connects the system in distinct time points via the vector of autoregressive models with different lags is estimated by the correlation of nodes in consecutive times. Then, the covariance matrix Σwhich presents the activation in a single time point is inferred via Bayesian algorithms. In the second plan, Γ is estimated similar to the first plan. But, at the second stage, for each time point, Σ is estimated separately via Bayesian methods, and their union is the final estimation of the system. We perform these strategies under different dimensional and different number of observed time points’ data. The results indicate that while the dimensions of systems increase, the accuracies of estimated systems improve too irrelevant from the number of points and observations. Keywords: Time series chain graphical model, vector of autoregressive models, Bayesian inference, biological networks.

Acknowledgement: The second author thanks to the BAP project (no: BAP-08-11-2017-035) of Middle East Technical University for its support. 1References: [1] Abegaz, F., Wit, E. (2013) Sparse time series chain graphical models for reconstructing genetic networks, Biostatistics, 1-14. [2] Bolouri, H. (2008). Computational Modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks. Imperial College Press. [3] Dobra, A., Lenkoski, A. (2010) Copula Gaussian graphical models and their application to modeling functional disability data, Annals of Applied Statistics, 5 (2A), 969-993. [4] Whittaker, J. (1990). Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics. New York, Wiley.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 (312) 210-5319: fax: +90 346-219-1241. E-mail address: vpurutcu@metu.edu.tr (V.Purutcu).

34

Inhibitor Design for Tyrosine Kinase Protein Effective in Cancer Development

F.Gedikli *

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tokat Turkey Cancer can be defined as a disease in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably by disregarding the normal rules of cell division. The number of known types of cancer is over a hundred. Every year millions of people lose their lives because of this disease. Inhibiting tyrosine kinase proteins, which are very effective in cancer development, is effective in stopping this disease. First of all, this protein sequence was considered. New inhibitors were tried to be designed using specified computer programs and web applications, "PyMOL, ChemBioDraw, Protein Data Bank, KEGG pathway, AnchorQuery" Proteins and then inhibitor interactions are seen in different angles. Keyword: Cancer, Tyrosine kinase protein, inhibitor design

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 356-2521616/3057. E-mail address: fatma.gedikli@gop.edu.tr. (F.Gedikli).

35

Results on the Banach Common Fixed-Point Theory in the Ordered Gd-Metric Like Spaces

O.Ozer1* , Ch.Z.Nisar2

1Faculty of Egineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, 39100, Turkey. 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.

Recently, many results have appeared in literature related to fixed point results in complete metric spaces endowed with a partial ordering.

In this paper, we consider the common fixed-point results for dominated self- mappings in the ordered complete symmetric -metric like space on a closed ball satisfying Banach type contractive condition. Also, we elaborate and improve the some recent and classical fixed-point results in the in the ordered complete symmetric -metric like space. To get our results on the unique common fixed point, we use weaker contractive condition and the weaker restrictions Our results in this paper are also supported by the numerical examples.

Keywords: Fixed point theory, contractive dominated mappings, closed balls, ordered complete Gd -Metric like spaces.

* Corresponding author: Tel:: +90 507 443 89 19E-mail address: ozenozer39@gmail.com (O.Ozer).

36

On the C*- Algebra G-Metric Space Related with Fixed Point Theorems

O.Ozer1* , S.Omran2,3

1Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, 39100, Turkey. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taif University University.Saudi Arabia.

3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt. There are many fixed point results in the various types of metric spaces such as cone metric spaces, fuzzy metric spaces, G-metric spaces, uniform spaces, noncommutative Banach spaces etc… The aim of the fixed point problem is to solve uncertainty problems in the areas of physics, engineering, mechanics, computer science and so on by using modern methods different from classical methods.

In this work, we consider the one of modern method as C*- algebra G metric space with fixed point theory to solve problems above mentioned. We prove the fixed point theorems for a mapping under the contractive conditions in C* algebra G metric space. Besides, we establish the existence and uniqueness theorem of fixed point in the such space. Also, we provide an example in support of our main result.

Keywords: G-Metric space, fixed point theory, C* Algebra.

* Corresponding author: Tel:: +90 507 443 89 19 E-mail address: ozenozer39@gmail.com (O..Ozer)

37

Basic Samples for a Kind of Especial Diophantine Triples & Their Properties

O.Ozer1*

1Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, 39100, Turkey

The topic of Diophantine m-tuples was started by the Greek mathematician Diophantus who recognized fractions as numbers, thus allowed positive rational numbers for the coefficients and solutions in the third century AD. In the generally, a Diophantine triple is a set of three positive integers with the property: the product of any two of them increased by t integer is a perfect square integer. In this paper, we consider different four integer values of t and prove that Diophantine triples are non-extendible for such values of t. Besides, we demonstrate some of their properties by using algebraic and elementary number theory.

Keywords: Pt Sets, Diophantine Equations, Congruences, Reciprocity Theorem, Legendre and Jacobi Symbols, Modular Arithmetic.

* Corresponding author: Tel:: +90 507 443 89 19E-mail address: ozenozer39@gmail.com (O.Ozer).

38

Co-encapsulation of Essential Oils and Antileishmanial Drugs in Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles: A Novel Treatment Approach Against

Leishmaniasis

E.S.Abamor1* , O.A.Tosyali1

1 Department of Bioengineering,Yildiz Technical University, , Istanbul, Turkey

Leishmaniasis is an important parasitic disease which is endemic in more than 90 countries. Current antileishmanial drugs have several disadvantages such as poor solubility, insufficient targeting and toxicity. To eliminate these drawbacks, drugs are recently encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles such as poly-e-caprolactone (PCL). These nanoparticles can enhance bioavailabilities and targeting ratios of drugs. On the other hand, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) is an effective bioactive molecule with strong antibacterial and anticancerogenic features. Its antileishmanial efficacy has been also proved. We think that co-encapsulation of NSO and one antileishmanial drug such as Meglumine Antimoniate (MA) in polymeric nanoparticles can increase antiparasitic activities of both agents and provide a more effective and sustained release of medications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesize NSO and MA encapsulated PCL nanoparticles and investigate their in vitro/in vivo antileishmanial efficacies. Nanoparticles were prepared by a double solvent evaporation method and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Zeta-sizer. Encapsulation yields were measured by UV Spectroscopy. In vitro antileishmanial effects of nanoparticles were investigated on L.infantum promastigote and macrophage-amastigote culture, while leishmaniasis model was constituted on Balb/c mice for evaluating in vivo antileishmanial activities of nanoparticles. According to results, average dimensions of nanoparticles were 254 nm and encapsulation efficiencies were measured as 92%. It was demonstrated that (NSO-MA) PCL nanoparticles eliminated nearly %90 of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes, in vitro. Moreover, drug-loaded nanoparticles removed nearly %80 of Leishmania parasites from livers and spleens of Balb/c mice. Results revealed that (NSO-MA) PCL nanoparticles demonstrated strong antileishmanial activities and they may be used for leishmaniasis treatment in near future.

Keywords: Leishmaniasis, polycaprolactone, antileishmanial drugs, essential oils, delivery

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 212-383-4659 fax: +90 212-383-4625.E-mail address: esabamor@gmail.com (E.S.Abamor).

39

Natural Sanitizers for Natural, Nutritious and Safety Foods

S.Karabiyikli1*

1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey

The use of antimicrobial compounds has long been known and widely used in order to ensure the food safety during handling, storage and pre-consumer preparation of food. Natural or synthetic antimicrobial ingredients are used in order to ensure safely consumption of minimally processed or non-thermally processed foods. However, the demand for natural antimicrobials has increased in recent years as result of increasing educational level of consumers, being in opposition to mass consumption, social awareness and sanctions on natural food, and concerns about possible negative effects of chemical preservatives on health. The endeavor of the food industry to respond to this increasing demand has led both industrial and academic research to explore the uses of antimicrobials derived from natural sources.

The food products such as several types of vinegar, some fruit juices, sauces, several herbs and plants, are already used as flavoring and/or acidifying agents are important as natural sanitizers. In this study, the studies (including our studies) on effects of natural antimicrobial sources against to foodborne pathogens were reviewed. The results obtained indicate that the antimicrobial effect is due to the concentration of the antimicrobial product, the duration of the application and the dose and genus of the target microorganism. Also, it is concluded that the extracts of these products or directly themselves can be used as a natural additive to ensure the safety of the foods, to extend the shelf life, to limit or reduce nutritional losses and/or to provide functional properties.

Keywords: Food safety, natural sanitizer, antimicrobial, food borne pathogens.

* Corresponding author E-mail address: seniz.karabiyikli@gop.edu.tr (S.Karabiyikli)

40

Antidiabetic Properties of Quebecol as Natural Phenolic Compound: A Biochemical Approach

U.M. Kocyigit1*

1 Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Energy Systems, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey

Natural phenolic compounds are naturally present and secondary plant metabolites in approximately all plant materials, like food crops of plant origin. These compounds are opinion to be a perfect section of both human diets and animal. The α-glycosidase enzyme is an important enzyme that converts glycogen to glycoside in metabolism. The α-glycosidase enzyme is an enzyme that increases the blood glucose level. The inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase is important because of the antidiabetic effect. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Tangeretin on α-glycosidase 1was examined and compared with Acarbose, a standard.

IC50 values were calculated from the Quebecol-Induced Activity (%) - [Quebecol] graph and from the Lineweaver-Burk graph.

In this study, the inhibitory effect of Quebecol on α-glycosidase was examined. According to the results, the IC50 value of Quebecol was 28.56 nM, while the mean Ki value was 35.66 nM. The results obtained are expected to make an important contribution to drug design and pharmacological applications. One therapeutic factor in the therapy of type 2 DM is α-glycosidase inhibitors, reversible inhibitor compounds of α-glycosidase, and an enzyme present in the brush border of the small intestine. α-Glycosidase inhibitors delay absorption of complex carbohydrates and hence inhibit postprandial glucose peaks thereby leading to reduce postprandial insulin levels.

OH

OCH3

OH

O

CH3

HO OH

OCH3

Keywords: : Quebecol, α-Glycosidase, enzyme inhibition

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346 219 10 10 E-mail address: ukocyigit@cumhuriyet.edu.tr (U.M.Kocyigit).

41

The Effect of Annealing Temperatures on Crystal Structures and Dye Sensitized

Solar Cell Performance of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

B. B. Cirak1*

1 Department of Alternative Energy Sources, Vocational School, Erzincan University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey.

1D nanostructures as tube, rod and wire form the basis of electronic and optical applications thanks to their unique physical and chemical properties. Titania (TiO2) is the most important metal-oxide material for research, medicine and industry because it is a semiconductor, easy to produce, inexpensive and biocompatible. In this study, anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays with average nanotube diameter 90 nm were grown by electrochemical method. Anodization process were performed under voltages of 30 V in ethylene glycol – ammonium fluoride – water electrolyte. The as-grown TNT arrays are always amorphous before annealing process and not suitable for any application included electron transport. The annealing temperature was changed to investigate the crystal structure and dye sensitized solar cell performance (DSSC) of TNT arrays. TNT arrays were calcinated at 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 °C. Also, it was concluded that annealing temperature is crucial parameter for crystal structure and DSSC performance of TNT arrays.

Keywords: TiO2 nanotube arrays, annealing temperature, crystal structure, DSSC.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 446-226-6600/43354 E-mail address: bbcirak@erzincan.edu.tr (B.B.Cirak).

42

Search for Higgs Effective Couplings at Photon Induced Reactions

V. Cetinkaya1* V. Ari2, A.A. Billur3, C. Samanci1

1Department of Physics, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

3Department of Physics, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

We examine Higgs boson couplings with gauge bosons in the processes e- γ →Zhe- (γ is the Weizsacker-Williams photon) through effective lagrangian method. For the analysis we focus on the decay channel of Higgs boson into a pair of b-quarks and leptonic Z boson decay (a pair of charged leptons). We obtain 90% confidence level bounds on the Wilson coefficients of dimensionsix operators with the several values of the integrated luminosity. Our results show that the obtained limits improve the current experimental limits.

Keywords: Higgs effective couplings, dimension-six operators.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 274-265-2031/1802 or 3102: fax: +90 274 265 22 29 E-mail address: volkan.cetinkaya@dpu.edu.tr (V. Cetinkaya).

43

Search for Excited Spin-3/2 Electrons at e- Colliders

V. Cetinkaya1*

1Department of Physics, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey

We study the single production of excited spin-3/2 electrons considered in composite

models at CLIC (Compact Linear Collider). We calculate the cross sections for the single

production of excited spin-3/2 electrons through e- e-* processes and the corresponding

Standard Model (SM) background. We use effective lagrangian method for the interactions

among excited leptons, SM leptons, and gauge bosons. We give our results for two different

phenomenological currents for the excited spin-3/2 electrons.

Keywords: Excited spin-3/2 electrons, CLIC, effective lagrangian method.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 274-265-2031/1802 or 3102: fax: +90 274 265 22 29

E-mail address: volkan.cetinkaya@dpu.edu.tr (V. Cetinkaya).

44

Probing Doubly Charged Leptons at Muon-Proton Colliders

A.Ozansoy1*

1Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

We investigate the doubly charged leptons considered in extended isospin models at proposed muon-proton colliders. We calculate the production cross sections and analyze the kinematical distributions to obtain the cuts for the discovery. We get the accessible mass limits and couplings of doubly charged leptons for various centre-of-mass energies.

Keywords: Weak isospin, doubly charged lepton, muon-proton colliders.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 312-212-6720/1219: fax: +90 312-223-2395. E-mail address: aozansoy@science.ankara.edu.tr (A.Ozansoy).

45

Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oil from Thymus fallax F. on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria

T. Karan

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey

Plants have been often threatened by a various pathogenic microorganisms. Essential oils have been known to reveal considerable activities against various bacteria. Therefore, they have a potential for use in alternative strategies for plant pathogen control.

In this study, essential oil from Thymus fallax was obtained by steam distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and compounds were identified by GC-MS. Thymol (38.2%), o-cymene (21.3%), gamma terpinene (12.4%) were determined as main constituents. Antibacterial activities of essential oil were carried out using the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (Xav) pathogen bacteria. 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µl/ml doses of essential oil were applied to the petri dishes via micro pipette in the King B medium. The media without essential oil were used as negative controls. After the incubation at 27 °C and for 3 days, colony density of the bacterium was measured at 600 nm by a spectrophotometer. Essential oil at 7.5 µl/ml inhibited the growth of Xav at the rate of 60%. However, essential oil at 5.0 µl/ml inhibited the growth of Cmm at the rate of 94% and inhibition was observed at 100% at 7.5 µl/ml doses.

The essential oil from Thymus fallax has a potential in agricultural use as an antibacterial agents.

Keywords: Thymus fallax, essential oil, antibacterial activity.

46

Estimation of Gynecological Cancer Networks via Target Proteins and Risk Factors

B. Bahcivanci 1, V. Purutcuoglu1* , E. Purutcuoglu2, Y. Urun3

1Department of Statistics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Social Services, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

3Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

The construction of biological networks has certain challenges due to its high dimensions, sparse structure and very limited number of observations. Thus, specific methods have been suggested to deal with those underling problems such as Gaussian graphical model, loop-based multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) with/without interaction effects and Gaussian copula graphical model. From previous analyses by these models, it has been shown that they can successfully estimate the systems with comparative accuracies. Hereby, in this study, as the novelty, initially, we use all these complex mathematical models in inference of gynecological cancer networks whose target genes are gathered from biological literature and the observations for these target genes are collected from the ArrayExpress database with other associated risk factors such as age and stage of the cancers. Then, we compare the performance of all models with different measures such as accuracy, F-measure and CPU. Finally, we evaluate which model would be more preferable in realistic system’s problem. From the results, we observe that loop-based MARS with interaction effect model can deal with both continuous and discrete data simultaneously and can truly estimate the complex biological systems. We consider that this study can be a first step to generate target drug in personalized medicine in gynecological cancers’ studies and can be adapted to other complex systems illnesses such as heart diseases and other cancers types.

Keywords: Mathematical models, biological networks, gynecological cancers.

Acknowledgement: The authors thank to the BAP project (no: BAP-08-11-2017-035) of Middle East Technical University for its support.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 312-210-5319 fax: +90 312-210-2959. E-mail address: vpurutcu@metu.edu.tr (V. Purutcuoglu).

47

Application of WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings Produced by HVOF and HVOLF Thermal Processes for Surface Protection in Petrochemical Industry

A. M. Atieh1,*, A. AlHazaa2, R. Upadhyaya3

1 Department of Industrial Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan: Anas.atieh@gju.edu.jo 2 Physics & Astronomy Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA

3 Research and Development Department, Metallizing Equipment Co. Pvt. Ltd, Jodhpur, India

This applied research work shows the results of a study conducted to compare the coatings properties of WC-10Co-4Cr coats produced by two different Oxy-fuel coating process; high-velocity oxy-gas fuel (HVOF) and high-velocity oxy-liquid fuel (HVOLF) thermal spraying techniques. The coats were deposited directly on a low carbon steel substrate without bonding coats. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to study microstructural analysis and to quantify the porosity and cross-sectional coat thickness. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of both coating processes were defined in terms of bond strength and microhardness. The results show that the liquid fuel sprayed coatings (HVOLF) produced higher adhesion strength coats (~ 73 MPa) compared to (~ 68 MPa) for HVOF. Similar results observed for micro-hardness of 1255 VHN and 1032 VHN, respectively. The surface roughness and porosity were less for HVOLF 4.32µm/0.85% compared to HVOF results of 5.26µm/1.29% porosity. This superior result in coats properties of HVOLF compared to HVOF was attributed due to less decarburization in HVOLF and hence less production of hard secondary phases of W2C.

Keywords: HVOF; HVOLF, WC-10Co-4Cr; Coating properties.

48

49

50

Studies on The Anomalous Electromagnetic Dipole Moments of The Tau-Lepton in Photon-Muon Collisions at the Muon Colliders

A.Billur1, M. Koksal1

1Department of Physics, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

We have carried out a study on the single tau lepton production through the photon-muon collisions at the muon colliders to investigate sensitivity bounds on the electromagnetic moments of the tau lepton. The initial photons in the processes was thought to be a quasi-real photon and Weizsacker-Williams approximation has been used in calculations. We present comprehensive and detailed sensitivity study on the total cross-section of the single tau-lepton production process and our results show that muon colliders gives good opportunities to study anomalous electromagnetic dipole moments of the tau-lepton.

51

Osmotic Dehydration Process in Quince Cubes

F. Ak1*, A. Guven1, M. Kaya2

1Deparment of Food Enginering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey

2 Deparment of Food Enginering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

The aim of this study is to determine the results that can be obtained with the osmotic dehydration pre-treatment applied to the quince which we most produce in the world. The initial philosophy of the use of osmotic dehydration process in the foods is to achieve a better quality product by reducing the amount of water with less energy and carbon emissions. In this study, the quince cubes were plunged for 8 hours at different ambient temperatures and different concentrations of sucrose solutions. At the end of the identified durations, the color properties with the osmotic processing parameters of the quince cubes and the kinetic model compatibility of the values were examined. It was determined that the effect of treatment temperature, treatment duration and solution concentration on the mass transfer parameters of osmotic pretreated quince cubes was statistically significant (p<0.01). When the color values were examined, it was seen that the L * brightness value decreased during the process. However, it was been found that the increase in the concentration of the osmotic solution also increased the brightness value but it did not reach the initial brightness value under any conditions. The value of -a* representing greenery was been determined to change slightly from green to redness (+a*). Besides, it was been determined that the -b* yellowness value increased with solution concentration. According to the model of Azuara and et al., (1992); the R2 values of the quince cubes were between 0.904 and 0.993, and the %P values of the model were generally below 5 demonstrated the suitability of experiment to model was excellent. As a result, it has been determined that osmotic dehydration pre-treatment can be used as an effective method for drying of quince samples when global climate change and yield declines in agricultural products are taken into consideration.

Keywords: Quince, osmotic dehydration, modeling, brightness.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 428-213-1794/2440 E-mail address: feritak@munzur.edu.tr (F.Ak).

52

Food Texturing in the Sensory and Instrumental Evaluations

F. Ak1*

1Deparment of Food Enginering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey

The texture term in foods is one of the basic criteria of the acceptability of a food.

Textured attention is paid to in the classification and marketing of solid food quality.

The texture sensed by the senses of touch, vision, and hearing is directly related to the

brain's evaluation of the physical properties of the food during chewing. Textural properties

are considered as sensory and instrumental (mechanical) evaluations in two ways. The

presence of very different and uncontrollable variables in the sensory evaluations may affect

the accuracy of the results. Therefore, it is difficult to define stably of the food tissue in the

sensory evaluations. Because the sensory evaluation of foods can be perceived as far away

from sensibility as it can vary from person to person, from day to day and from hour to hour.

However, it is difficult to measure some of the characteristics of food taken into the mouth for

the sensory evaluation as instrumental. For example, all the of complex events which

occurring during the chewing cannot be measured by instruments. Besides, textural

evaluations which were tested physical properties also directly related to the nutrient

composition (water, protein, fat) and quantity of the product. These evaluations in food were

in fact compatible with the sensory evaluations, but the variables in the sensory evaluations

were eliminated by instrumental measurements. This is because it has been applied under

controllable conditions with the specifications specified in the instrumental methods. Because,

this process has been implemented under controllable conditions with the specifications

established in the instrumental methods.

Although the instrumental methods are objective and mimic the sensory evaluations, it

is considered that they are not sufficient in food acceptability alone and that both the

evaluation methods can give more accurate results.

Key words: Texture, sensory test, instrumental test, food quality.

1* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 428-213-1794/2440 E-mail address: feritak@munzur.edu.tr (F.Ak).

53

A Suggestion for the Engineering Education System Y.Esen1*

Department of Civil Enginering, Fırat University, Elaziğ, Turkey

Education is the most important element for the development of a country. In order for our country to develop and to increase our international competitiveness, not to be a consuming but a producing country, our education system needs a renewal in every field from kindergarten to university. Our age computer and technology era, engineering education-teaching system must be equipped with computer technology in accordance with the requirements of the age and the curricula must be renewed. As a civil engineer, my recommendation is primarily to bring civil engineering departments to a faculty as in some technical universities. In the first two years, basic courses should be given in the first two years, and in the last two years, some branches of the department should be turned into departments and the students should be directed according to their fields of expertise. For example, with the creation of departments such as Building Engineering, Water Structures Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Environment and Urban Engineering, we can train engineers who are experts in their fields. However, the graduates of the civil engineering graduates are now working in the sector after graduation and this takes a long time. Although he has learned something from all things, he cannot fully dominate anything. Instead of filling the memories of our students with moldy information and methods that are behind the age, we need to switch to a result-oriented education system rather than a solution-oriented education. It is my conviction that engineers who grow up in this system will be more intertwined with technology, and will be knowledgeable and resourceful engineers who produce in their area of interest.

Keywords: Education, civil engineering

1*Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 424-237-0000 E-mail address: yesen@firat.edu.tr (Y. Esen).

54

Experimental Study of Operability and Usability by Designing a New Electric Vehicle

I.Can1* , A. Kapicioglu1, T.Yuksel1

1Department of Automotive Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

Abstract

The biggest problem of our age is environmental pollution and reduction of fossil fuel resources.

Many countries are preparing protocols to reduce emissions. Vehicle manufacturers are also making

major AR-GE investments to produce vehicles with low emission and low fuel consumption. The rapid

decline in fossil fuel sources causes fluctuations in prices and increases the price of oil barrels. One of

the areas that is heavily affected by this fluctuation is the transportation sector, which is predominantly

dependent on the use of fossil fuels. Meeting the needs of the transportation industry and reducing the

emission values are the development of more environment-friendly new vehicle technologies. One of

these technologies is electric vehicles.

For this reason, the interest in electric vehicles is increasing every year, and the number of cars

presented to the market in this direction reaches to important numbers. Research’s show that annual

electric vehicle sales volume also increases exponentially. Electric vehicles provide a more economical

means of transport, while at the same time they are environmentally friendly with zero gas emissions.

Furthermore, the fact that electric motors are more suitable and efficient than internal combustion

engines for vehicle drive, and the low maintenance costs are other important advantages of electric

vehicles. In the world it is seen that many automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturers work on

electric vehicles. It is estimated that electric vehicles will become more common in the coming years.

For this reason, there is a need to develop unique and innovative technologies in the development of

electric vehicle charging technologies, vehicle network integration, energy management system

software and hardware, which are directly or indirectly linked to electric vehicles.

In this study, a new electric vehicle power and battery management system was designed and

applied to Kangal S4e vehicle developed at Cumhuriyet University. With the designed management

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/2323

E-mail address: 23.ibrahim@gmail.com (I.Can).

55

system, the range has been determined to increase by about 10%. In addition to this, power and energy

consumption optimizations are made by using the data obtained in the study for the torque and power

controls that constitute the second stage of the work.

Keywords: Electric vehicle, Design, Automotive.

56

A System based on Adaptive Background Subtraction Approach for Moving Object Detection and Tracking in Videos

I.Can1* , M. K. Yildirim, H. Bagirov1, M. Ozer

1Department of Automotive Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

Abstract

The basis of image processing systems is directly related to computer science. Image processing involves a variety of methods that can be used to examine the variations of the existing scene in a given image by algorithms. Today, video processing is one of the most important research areas of computer science, 2D videos; In multimedia content-based indexing, information acquisition, visual surveillance and distributed cross-camera surveillance systems, human tracking, traffic monitoring and similar applications in various areas, object detection and tracking are used. Background extraction (OPT) approach is one of the methods frequently used in the detection and tracking of moving objects. As a result of this study, it was found appropriate to develop the studies. In my researches and researches, the performance of the developed system has been tested by performing experimental studies with the related video data sets. Experimental results and discussion are included in the study.

Keywords: Background subtraction, object detection, object tracking, video processing.

57

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 346-219-1010/2323

E-mail address: 23.ibrahim@gmail.com (I.Can).

Industrial applications of TLP bonding: Challenges and overview

R. Bakhtyari1*

1*Materials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract:

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a combination of diffusion bonding and brazing which has been introduced as an alternative method for joining a broad range of materials, compared to traditional welding and joining methods. Solid-state bonding and isothermal solidification during TLP could result in an ideal joint with close microstructural features and mechanical properties to those of the base metals. This could be provided with optimum bonding and homogenizing parameters of TLP.

In this way, beyond the research about TLP, this bonding method has been introduced to manufacture and repair of industrial pieces in thermal power plants, electronic devices, biomaterials and etc. The pieces with complicated geometry such as turbine blades can be produced into two parts during casting and then to be TLP bonded to make a seamless blade. Also for the pieces with high dimensions and/or mass, the same route could be used. Siemens, Pratt and Whitney and some other companies have published patents on industrial usage of TLP bonding.

In the present speaking, in addition to main concepts of TLP bonding, the challenges and future overview of its industrial applications will be discussed.

Keywords: TLP, bonding, brazing, thermal, Solid-state

58