orchids 101 - uf/ifas ociconference.ifas.ufl.edu/gardener12/onsite presentations/monday/0215... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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ORCHIDS 1 01
Carolyn S. Saft Suwannee County UF/IFAS Extension
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One of the largest families of flowering plants More than 800 genera Over 25,000 species 120,000+ registered hybrids
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Types of Orchids
Epiphytic
Terrestrial
Lithophytic
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Monopodial One foot - arises from a single main axis Ascocentrum Phalaenopsis Vandas
Growth Habit
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Plant Parts - Monopodial
Aerial root Main stem New leaf Crown Flower spike Flower Seed capsule Keiki
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Growth Habit Sympodial Many feet – main
stem (rhizome) grows horizontally and produces many determinate lateral branches
Laelias Cattleyas Dendrobiums Oncidiums
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Plant Parts - Sympodial
Root Rhizome Eyes New lead Leaf axis Pseudobulbs (thickened stems)
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Leaves Sheath Bud Flower Seed pod Keiki
Plant Parts - Sympodial
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Culture
Light
Temperature
Air Circulation
Water
Fertilizer
Potting Media
Restrepia sanguinea
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Site Location
Water source Security Morning light Air circulation Temperature
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Light Leaf color High Medium Low
Temperature Highs Lows Low night time temps to
bloom (Cattleyas & Dendrobiums)
Paphiopedilum micranthum 'Pink Cloud'
Cattleya amethystoglossa
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Air Circulation
Reduces heat build up Prevents air stagnation & gas build up Helps evaporate excess moisture Slows break down of potting medium
Ceratostylis philippinensis
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Water Water depends on
Season Humidity Wind speed Type of orchid Cloudiness Potting media Container
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Water 90% of an orchid is water
Nutrient transport
Most orchids prefer to get wet and dry-out
Over watering – The cause of most domestic orchid deaths
Cymbidium canaliculatum
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Water Masdevallia lamprotyria
Signs of dehydration
Each new growth should be larger than previous years growth
Ways to check water
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Water PH should be 7.0
or lower Avoid water
from softeners
Moderate water temperature
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Avoid dunking in buckets
Avoid placing plants in saucers
Keep water from splashing up from ground onto plants
Stagger hanging plants
Water
Aerangis hyaloides
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Water Flush frequently
with fresh water in coastal areas
Water in AM not PM
Keep water from
puddling in crown
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Water
Some Dendrobiums need dry, dormant periods to stimulate blooming.
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Fertilizer NPK Ratio
Balanced 18-18-18 20-20-20
Unbalanced – Bark 30-10-10
Bloom Booster 10-30-20
Micronutrient –very important
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Fertilizer
Water Soluble
Time released
Schedule 1-2 x per month Fertigation
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Types of Media Pine Bark Tree Fern Redwood Fiber Cork nuggets
Pumice (volcanic rock)
Charcoal Sphagnum Moss Vermiculite (expanded mica)
Osmunda Fiber Coconut Fiber Lava Rock Styrofoam Solite (gravel rock)
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Containers Pots
– Clay (good drain holes) – Plastic (bulb or azalea)
Baskets – Wooden slat (cedar or
teak) – Wire or plastic mesh
Slabs Logs/Driftwood Trees Rocks Ground
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Common Insects
• Moss flies • Scales • Slugs • Snails • Thrips
• Ants • Aphids • Cockroaches • Mealy bugs • Mites
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Ants SYMPTOMS: insect sighting, look for scale, mealy bug or aphids PLANT PART AFFECTED: Entire plant TREATMENT: Drown with water, Spray with house & garden insect killer
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Aphids SYMPTOMS: Deformities & yellowing PLANT PART AFFECTED: Buds, flowers & new growth TREATMENT: Wash off with water or insecticidal soap spray
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Cockroaches
German female
German male
SYMPTOMS: Chewing damage PLANT PART AFFECTED: Buds, flowers & roots
TREATMENT: Sprinkle Sevin dust on roots & media
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Mealy bug SYMPTOMS: Yellowing – plant discoloration- look for wooly exterior covering of insect PLANT PART AFFECTED: Found in leaf axis, base of pseudobulbs, flower spikes TREATMENT: Insecticidal soap or isopropyl alcohol
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2 Spotted Spider Mite
SYMPTOMS: Silvery patches on underside of leaves Stippled appearance top of leaf surface PLANT PART AFFECTED: Leaves TREATMENT: Insecticidal soap or systemic miticide
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Armored Scale
(Diaspididae)
SYMPTOMS: Yellowish discoloration of leaves PLANT PART AFFECTED: Rhizome, pseudobulb, leaf sheath, leaf TREATMENT: Horticultural oils, systemic insecticides
Boisduval scale
Proteus scale
Florida red scale
Red orchid scale
Vanda orchid scale
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Soft Scales
(Coccidae)
Cottony Cushion Scale
SYMPTOMS: Leaf yellowing, chlorotic appearance PLANT PART AFFECTED: Leaf, pseudobulb, under onion like “skin” TREATMENT: Alcohol, insecticidal soaps
Brown soft scale
Cottony Cushion scale
Stellate scale
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Snails & Slugs SYMPTOMS: Holes, missing plant parts, severed root tips PLANT PART AFFECTED: pseudobulbs, flower spikes and buds, roots TREATMENT: Hand pick, snail &, slug pellets, keep area clean of leaf debris
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Thrips SYMPTOMS: Flower buds fail to open, flowers are deformed, flowers turn brown and petal are streaked or discolored PLANT PART AFFECTED: Buds, flowers, flower spikes TREATMENT: Insecticidal soap, Malathion
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Diseases Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
Petal Blight - Botrytis
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Bacterial Diseases Brown spot (Pseudomonas) – Soft,
water soaked lesion on leaf turns brown or black (esp. Phaleonopsis)
Brown rot (Erwinia) – small round water soaked yellow spot in middle of leaf, leaves have “greasy appearance”
Soft rot (Erwinia) – through wounds, rapid, wet w/ odor. (esp. Cattleyas)
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Bacterial Brown Spots
Phalaenopsis
caused by Erwinia
caused by Pseudomonas
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Fungal Diseases Black Rot (Phytophthora) Black Rot (Pythium) American Anthracnose (Glomerella) European Anthracnose (Gloeosporium) Rust (Uredo) Leaf spot (Cercospora, Phyllostictina) Snow mold (Ptychogaster)
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Rust European Anthracnose
Leaf Spot (Phyllostictina)
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Fungal Diseases (cont. )
Sooty Blotch (Gloeodes) Root rot (Rhizoctonia) Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium) Southern Blight (Sclerotium) Petal Blight (Botrytis) Sooty Mold (Capnodium)
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Viral Diseases Cymbidium Mosaic – most common virus
in Florida, over 60 Genera have been found with it – sunken brown to purple black patterns (longitudinal streaks, brown necrosis on flowers)
Cattleya Flower Break (Tobacco mosaic virus “o” strain) – irregular splotches of color pigment in flowers
Vanda Ringspot – Slightly raised, yellow, concentric rings esp. on upper leaf surface- yellow area dies & turns purplish black
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Overview Buy plants with nametags Leaves - bright, grassy
green color White roots with bright
green growing tips Look for live eyes and new
growth on bare root plants
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Overview (cont). Most orchids like to
get wet & dry out Air circulation is
critical Bright light is
needed for flowering Select media &
containers suitable for your conditions Renanthera monachica
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Carolyn S. Saft Suwannee County
Thank you & Happy Growing