Topic : Order chiroptera

• Submitted to : Sir zaher Ahmad

• Submitted by : Seema Hassan» Fazal raqib» Muzamil shah

Chiroptera (hand-wing)

CLASSIFICATION

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA•PHYLUM: CHORDATA•CLASS: MAMMALIA•ORDER: CHIROPTERA (mega or micro)•FAMILIES: 18 (1 mega 17 micro)•GENERAS:170•SPECIES:850

Bat Basics: Anatomy

•Arm and hand bones are elongated to support the wing

Pest control

• Bats Help to Control Pests One bat may eat ~ 500 mosquitoes/hour•~ 10 hours/night = 5,000 mosquitoes

Bat Basics: Benefits•Bats Pollinate Flowers

Bats disperse the seeds and pollinate the

flowers of many plants.

Fruits that depend on bats for pollination

or seed dispersal include:

bananas, mango

peaches, , guava,

dates, cashews,

carob, figs,

avocados,

jack fruit,

plantains,

Dietary characters

• fruit bats: fruits and flowers• Vampire bats: blood (bats of only one species are obligately

hematophagous)• Other bats: insects (moths, ants, termites, wasps, leafhoppers,

beetles, crickets, flies, bugs, midges, mosquitoes, and others)

Order Chiroptera

• only true flying mammals• date to Eocene (50 mya)• worldwide– 17 families– 170 genera– 850 species

• suborders– Megachiroptera-flying foxes of tropics– Microchiroptera-worldwide

Megabats

• 1 family, 170 species• Tropics/subtropics• Frugivores• Nectarivores• Insectivores• Food located by sight/smell• Very well developed eyes• Wingspans up to 6 feet

Characteristics of Megabats

• They have large Eyes

• Small Ears• Large noses • Large wings• Dark in colour

Microbats• 17 FAMILIES 780 SPECIES

• MORE DIVERSE THAN MEGABATS• FOUND WORLDWIDE EXCEPT POLAR

REGIONS

• USE ECHOLOCATION TO NAVIGATE IN DARK FOR FOOD

• INSECTIVORES, SOME CARNIVORES/NECTARIVORES

• 3 SPECIES EAT BLOOD (SANGIVORES)

CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROBATS

• They have small eyes

• Specialized\• developed ears• Nose leaves• Small wings• Light in colour

OF ALL BATS IN THE WORLD:

• 2/3 EAT INSECTS

• 1/3 EAT NECTAR

• 1% EAT FROGS, MICE, FISH, SMALL INVERTS

• < 1/3 OF 1% ARE VAMPIRE

Little Brown MyotisMyotis lucifugus

Little Brown Myotis

Just the facts:• PA’s most common bat• 6-9 grams• may live to 25 years• favors ponds and streams for foraging• forages at about 13 mph, 3-6 m above ground• mate in early autumn; fertilization in spring upon rousing;

50-60 day gestation• move to maternity colonies of hundreds• born after 30 minute labor in late May weighing1.5 grams• reaches sexual maturity at 8 mos.

Indiana Myotis/Pink-faced BatMyotis sodalisFederally Endangered

Small-footed MyotisMyotis leibii

PA Threatened

Silver-haired BatLasionycteris noctivagans

Eastern PipistrellePipistrellus subflavus

Big Brown BatEptesicus fuscus

Red BatLasiurus borealis

Hoary BatLasiurus cinereus

Evening BatNycticeius humeralis

Vampire Bat