James F. KasermanSarah J. Kaserman

Oregon

I Save A TreeElectronic Books

"Alis volat proplis"

Salem

C 2003 I Save A Tree Inc.

(She flies with her own wings)

The United States of America

ISBN# 0-9714299-1-X

Table of Contents

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Location 5

History before statehood 7

History since statehood 9

State government 11

State flag 13

Current facts 15

Industry today 17

State landmarks 19

Weather and land 21

Animals in Oregon 23

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State bird 25

State tree 27

State flower 29

Famous people from Oregon 31

Things to do in Oregon 33

Popular sports in Oregon 35

Fast facts 37

Glossary 39

Web sites / books for information 41

Index 43

Credits 45

Location

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Salem

Oregon is a Pacific Coast state.The Pacific Ocean is to its west. To thenorth, the Columbia River forms thenorthern border with the state ofWashington. To the east is the stateof Idaho.. Nevada and California areto the south and form the southernborder.

Salem is the capital.. It is located inthe northwest corner of the state.

HistoryBefore Statehood

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Lewis and Clark expedition

James Cook

The Spanish and British explorerswere likely the first to see the Oregoncoast.. In 1778, Captain James Cook ofEngland landed on the coast.

Americans Lewis andClark arrived in 1805and claimed the landfor the U.S.

In 1846, theBritish gave uptheir claim tothe land in theOregon Treaty.Oregon was named a territory of theUnited States in 1848.. From the 1840sthrough the 1880s, settlers and Indiansfought over land.

HistorySince Statehood

Dam

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Shipyard

Oregon became the 33rd state onFebruary 14, 1859.. During the GreatDepression of the 1930s, a dam wasconstructed on the Columbia River.. Itprovided elec-trical power forindustry, waterfor crops, andimproved theriver for boattraffic.

Portland was amajor port forshipping suppliesto the military inthe Pacific in World War II.. Its shipyardbuilt navy ships.. In the 1950s,additional dams were built on theColumbia River that providedinexpensive waterpower for industry.

Government

Governor Ted Kulongoski

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Capitol building

The state government of Oregon isdivided into three branches. GovernorTed Kulongoski is head of the

executive branch.This branch is incharge of carryingout the laws.

The legislature hastwo parts, theSenate and Houseof Representatives.The third branchis the judicial branch. This branchinterprets the laws.

Oregon has 36 counties. Each has alocal government.

State Flag

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The stateflag wasadopted in1925. TheOregon flag is the only state flag withtwo separate designs, one on each side.On one side is a reproduction of thestate seal.. On the seal is a departing

British ship and an arriving Americanship to represent trade. The sheaf ofgrain, pick ax and plow stand forOregon'smining andagriculture.. Onthe other sideof the flag is abeaver, thestate animal.

Current Facts

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Portland

Rocky Mountains

Over 3,421,399 people live in Oregon. The state is ranked the 28th largest state for the number of people living in it.

Oregon covers 96,003 square miles. It is ranked the 10th largest state in total area in the United States.

IndustryToday

Salmon

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Metal working

The lumber industry is very importantto Oregon's economy.. Wood and paperproducts are manufactured in manycities.. Oregon's salmon-fishing industry isone of the largest in the world.. Food

processing is alsoimportant.. Thanksto low-costenergy from dams,manufacturing isincreasing.

Leading productsinclude metal-work, machinery,chemicals andelectronicequipment.. Food products includevegetables, fruits, cheeses and sugarfrom sugar beets.. Tourism is alsoimportant to the economy.

Landmarks

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Sea lion

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Lighthouse

Sea Lion Cavesis the largest seacave in the world.It is the winterhome of hundredsof sea lions. The Columbia River Gorgecuts through the Cascade Mountainson its way to the Pacific Ocean.. Colorfulcliffs of basalt line the gorge for miles.

At Bonneville Dam on the ColumbiaRiver, visitors can watch salmonjumping up ladders on their wayupstream. Ten lighthousesare along theOregon coast.Five of these arestill in use.

Weather & Land

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Thunderstorm

Columbia River

Weather in Oregon varies between different parts of the state. Average winter temperatures in Oregon range from 45° in the west to 27 ° Fahrenheit in the southeast. Summer average temperatures are 60° in the west and 72° in the southeast.

The average yearly precipitationranges from 40 to 75 inches.

The land in Oregon is mountainousexcept in the southeast, wherea high basin with a desert-likeclimate and some lowmountains is found.

Animals

In Oregon

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Beaver

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Mountain goat

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Oregon's nickname is "Beaver State"and the beaver is the state animal. Theanimal was important to early settlersfor their fur, which led to overtrapping.

Beaver dams arenow recognized asimportant fornatural water flowand erosion control.

Oregon's largeanimals includeblack-tailed deer,elk, mule deerand mountaingoats.. Otters,seals and sealions are common off the coast.Salmon, trout, perch and bass swim inlakes and streams.. In the coastal waters,cod, halibut, herring, sole and shad arecommon.

State Bird

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Meadowlark

Meadowlark

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The westernmeadowlark(Sturnella neglecta)was named thestate bird in 1927.

The meadowlark can be seen in fields,meadows and prairies. The bird has abrownish back and yellow stomachwith a black "V" on its breast.

In flight, the white, outer tail featherscan be seen. The meadowlark feedson the ground.Its diet consistsof insects, grainand weed seeds.

State Tree

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Douglas fir

A stand of Douglas firs

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The Douglasfir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) wasnamed the state

tree in 1939.. It is one of the largest andmost valuable timber trees in the world.

It is a beautifulevergreen treethat grows morethan 200 feet tall and can have a 3- to4-foot thick trunk. The Douglas firproduces more lumber than any othertype of tree in the nation.

State Flower

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Oregon grape bush

Oregon grape

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The Oregongrape (Mahoniaaquifolium) wasnamed the stateflower in 1899. The

Oregon grape is a low, wild plant.. It is notrelated to the wild grape and doesnot climb.

Its leaves look like holly leaves andthe wood is yellow.. Little yellowflowers open in the early summerand the berriesripen to a darkblue in the fall.The berries canbe used incooking.

Famous People

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Matt Groening

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Doc Severinsin

Some famous authors and poets arefrom Oregon. They include RaymondCarver, Edwin Markham and Phyllis

McGinley.. CartoonistMatt Groening,bandleader Doc

Severinsin, foodexpert JamesBeard andchemist LinusCarl Pauling are all from Oregon.Track stars Joni Huntley and StevePrefontaine and baseball playerDave Kingman are also Oregonians.

Things to Do

In Oregon

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Waterfall

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Crater Lake

Oregon hasmany tourists whocome to enjoy thestate's outstandingnatural wonders.

Oregon is sometimes called the "PacificWonderland" because of the mountainand valley scenery.. Hunting and fishingare popular in Oregon's forests andstreams.

Oregon Caves National Monumenthas limestone caverns with beautifulstone formations.. Crater Lake NationalPark lies in the Cascade Mountains.The lake is thedeepest lakein the UnitedStates.. It islocated in thebasin of anancientvolcano.

SportsIn Oregon

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Camping

Sports such as hunting, fishing,hiking, boating and camping takeadvantage of the abundance of the

state's forests,streams and longcoastline.

Oregon hassports teams atboth the high-school and thecollege level. The Oregon Ducks andthe Oregon State Beavers are amongthe best college teams in theUnited States.

Fast Facts

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Governor: Ted KulongoskiCapital: SalemSize: 96,003 square miles,10 th in the U.S.Population: 3,421,399 people, 28th inthe U.S.Major cities: Portland, Salem, Eugene,Parkrose, Cornwallis, MedfordNickname: "Beaver State"State animal: beaverState bird: western meadowlarkState flower: Oregon grapeState tree: Douglas firState song: "Oregon, My Oregon"State motto: "Alis volat proplis" (Sheflies with her own wings) Fawn

Oregon coast

Glossary

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abundance, an extremely plentifulquantity or supply.author, the original writer of a literarywork. Someone who writes as aprofession or to make a living.basalt, the dark, dense rock of a lavaflow.basin, a depression in the earth'ssurface.erosion, the process by which thesurface of the earth is worn away by theaction of water, glaciers, wind, waves, etc.

gorge, a deep narrow passage withsteep rocky sides, a ravine.reproduction, the act of reproducingor making exact copies of something.sea lion, a large seal with ears, a longneck and flippers.sugar beet, a type of beet that hasfleshy, white roots from which sugaris obtained.wonders, something that brings awe,astonishment, surprise or admiration;a marvel.

Links & BooksFor more information

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Link1Link2Link3

Visit our website @ www.isaveatree.com

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Title: The World Book EncyclopediaPublisher: World Book, Inc.Copyright: 2002

Title: The Kid's World Almanac of the UnitedStatesAuthor: Dr.Thomas G. AylesworthPublisher: World AlmanacCopyright: 1990

Title: Exploring the 50 StatesAuthor: Marcie AndersonPublisher: Willowisp Press, Inc.Copyright: 1983

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Index _______________________

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beaver, 14, 23, 36

Columbia River, 5, 19

dam, 9, 17, 20, 23

fir, Douglas, 27, 28

grape, Oregon, 29

Ku longoski, Ted, 11

Lewis and Clark, 7

meadowlark, western, 25

Portland, 10

Salem, 5

salmon, 17, 20, 24

shipyard, 10

timber, 27

CreditsWritten by

James F. Kaserman

Sarah J. Kaserman

Produced by

Robert Rance

Technologies

Doug Meyers

Design

Dan Mader

Photo creditsOregon Department of NaturalResourceswww.arttoday.com

_______________________46I Save A Tree Inc. reserves the right to remove or exchange any

photo/illustration at any time without notice.

Edited by

Linda Coyner