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18 TAX LAW 20 PRISON DISPATCH 52 HIKING 56 HOW TO CLEAN A BONG

JESSE VENTURAInterview by Wes Abney // P.36

WHY THE FORMER PRO WRESTLER TURNED GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA IS PUSHING THE CONVERSATION ON DRUG POLICY REFORM

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EDITOR’S NOTE.......................9OPINION.............................12PAUL LONEY...........................16DISPATCH............................20ACCESS REVIEW......................24DABSTARS..........................28TASTY RECIPES..........................44 HIKING.............................52CLEANING.............................56 GROWTECH...............................58BEHIND STRAIN.........................62

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24 Access ReviewSweet Relief in Astoria

42 Tasty RecipesFresh Spring treats to try

58 GrowtechGarden protection

National News

18 Death & TaxesHow the IRS treats pot differently

Steve Elliott with the roundup

Growing Guides

ConcentratesPrison DispatchGSC Creme doesn’t disappointThe Human Solution’s latest news

Jorge Cervantes’ encyclopedia

Medible ReviewsOrange mints and PB cookies

Strain of the MonthA beautiful bud shot, up close

contents JUNE 2015

COVER PHOTO BY DANIEL BERMANCONTENT PHOTOS BY CONTRIBUTORS

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28 Jonah TacomaDabbing with Dabstars founder

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contents

Photo by Bruce Wolf for Oregon Leaf

How to make a medicated avocado smoothie

RECIPES44

national STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

10/ june 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Actwould help with the industry’s #1 complaint

U.S. Reps. Ed Perlmutter (D-Colo.) and Denny Heck (D-Wash.), along with 16 other Republicans and Democrats, re-introduced the Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Act of 2015, HR 2076, which is designed to resolve the banking crisis that marijuana-related businesses face.

By updating federal banking laws and regulations to resolve conflicts between federal and state laws, the legislation allows marijuana-related businesses to gain access to the banking system, ensuring businesses do not have to operate on a cash-only basis. A similar companion bill in the Senate is expected to be introduced soon. The Senate will likely have an easier time passing it.

“First and foremost, this is an issue of public safety,” Rep. Perlmutter said. “Not only are the proprietors at risk, but the employees and customers are also at risk of serious and violent crimes.

“It is estimated that 40 percent of the marijuana-related businesses in Colorado are unbanked,” Rep. Perlmutter continued.

“This means hundreds of millions of dollars in cash are moving around the streets of Colorado,” Rep. Perlmutter said. “There are now some 213 million Americans who live in the 23 states plus the District of Columbia where the voters have allowed for some use of marijuana, and it is coming to a state near you soon.”

“The federal government can’t keep an eye on business practices if they are forcing them offline and underground,” Heck said. “Forcing businesses into cash-only territory is a dangerous step away from legitimacy, transparency and regulation, and a huge step toward crime, tax evasion and access to minors. We’ve got to stop that trend, and with more states legalizing recreational

or medical use of marijuana, no time is better than now to move forward with this change to the law,” Heck said.

why pot businessesneed bank accountsand new legislation

Trending

Weed-loving Indiana churchtests questionable state law

you use Cannabis every day...like religiously? So does Indiana’s Bill Levin, and he’s taking advantage of the state’s Religious

Freedom Restoration Act passed to legalize discrimination against gays in restaurants and other establishments to offer a bold test of the law’s ban on government restraints on the exercise of religion. His needs pot.

Adherents of the recently established First Church of Cannabis worship and smoke marijuana, reports Steven Nelson at USNews.com. Marijuana is illegal to grow, use or possess under state law.

It’s unclear whether police and prosecutors will take action against the church, or accept claims the conduct is protected by the RFRA. We’ll know more after the church’s first worship service, scheduled for July 1, the same day the RFRA takes effect.

Levin said he’s trying to find a church building willing to lease him space. He said the July 1 service will happen “come hell or high

Do water” and that he will consider any suitable alternative, including religious campgrounds, private land or a public park.

The church has raised more than $10,000 on the crowdfunding site Go Fund Me. Levin said the church Facebook page’s 31,000 followers include a core group of

local activists sure to attend the service. “It brings us closer to ourselves and others. It is our fountain of health, our love, curing us from illness and depression. We embrace it with our whole heart and spirit, individually and as a group,” the church’s Facebook explains.

Church members would have a hard time winning if it goes to court, according to First Amendment expert Eugene Volokh, a law professor at UCLA. “This isn’t a new argument, but it has almost uniformly been rejected,” Volokh said.

Levin predicts there will be no problems with police during his church’s first service.

“It is our fountain of health, our love,curing us from illness and depression,” the group wrote on their Facebook.

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It is estimated that 40 percent of [ pot]-related businesses in Colorado are unbanked.

Right now, though,Bil l Levin and his faithful need a newspace to call home.

june 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF /11

QuotedI THINK HOUSTON’S READY FOR A REASONABLE POLICY ON MARIJUANA.THEY’RE TIRED OF THEIR TAX DOLLARS BEING WASTED PUTTING KIDS IN JAIL.-Kim Ogg, a former prosecutor in Houston, Texas who backs decriminalizing marijuana in the Lonestar State. A marijuana legalization bill passed out of a committee in the Texas House of Representatives last month, but it’s not expected to get a hearing in the full House. 49 percent of Texans say they want complete legalization. ‘‘

Quick Hits!

Cost of a proposed fine for possession of up to an ounce of marijuana in Texas, which killed two different drug reform legislative bills last month. 250

Millions of dollars spent in a single year by GW Pharmaceuticals to research Sativex, a much-publicized synthetic marijuana drug.22.8

Weight in pounds of bales of marijuana that washed ashore in Alabama and North Carolina last month in an incident police believe is connected to local crime.

Age of a man arrested in Pennsylvania after his poorly wired grow caught fire, burning his plants and his freedom in one fell swoop.

22

70

Number of representatives who voted against passing Senate Bill 3 in Pennsylvania last month (it succeeded with 40 in favor). The law allows MMJ but no home grows or flower use.

Cost with tax of a six-pack of single-serving 10mg-THC Cannabis-infused coffee pods by Fairwinds, hitting the recreational marijuana market in Washington.37

7

Cost of a medical marijuana authorization offered by Canna Care Docs in five states, including Maine, which has been getting more patients recently.200

Enforcing Oregon’s new laws comes at a real cost

state policewant you tofork it over

Legalization? What legalization? Advocates might rightly be asking this question after the Oregon State Police requested a $3.9 million budget increase last month to go after mari-juana, which is in addition to the $1.3 million the state police requested for a legal marijuana enforcement budget earlier this year. One can’t help asking,“Where are the savings in marijuana enforcement supposed to come with “legalization?”

The OSP wants the money for 2015-2016 to pay for 11 full-time troopers and detectives, whose job description will to be enforcing all of the new pot policies, reports Aaron Mesh at Willamette Week. The state police have declined comment.

The Oregon Liquor Control Commission put in charge of implementing Cannabis legaliza-tion has proposed working alongside the OSP to create “peace officers” to patrol legal Cannabis, investigate black market sales, enforce weed taxes and stop sales to minors.

The OLCC is aware of the state police’s request, and expects the two agencies to “work to-gether” on enforcing the state’s marijuana laws, said Liquor Control spokesman Tom Towslee.

“We can see the need to have somebody from the state police here in the OLCC to handle the dispatch,” Towslee said, referring to an officer who could field calls from state troopers checking the licenses of people found with large quantities of marijuana.

The Oregon Legislature is already considering a possible $10.5 million, two-year budget for the OLCC’s legal Cannabis program. Lawmakers would have to approve the state police request for $5 million more.

The Oregon Legislature is already considering a possible $10.5 million, two-year budget for the OLCC’s legal Cannabis program.


national STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

senior FBI official and former U.S. attorney, Chuck Rosenberg has been selected by President Barack Obama as interim director of the Drug Enforcement Administration. Rosenberg has served as the

chief of staff to FBI Director James Comey for the past 18 months.Outgoing DEA head Michele Leonhart announced her retirement last

month in the wake of numerous scandals. She came under intense criticism for opposing the Obama Administration’s efforts to reform mandatory minimum sentencing laws, and for opposing the administration’s hands-off approach in the four states that have approved legal regulation of marijuana.

The DEA has existed for more than 40 years, but little attention has been given to the role the agency has played in fueling mass incarceration, racial disparities, the surveillance state and other drug war problems. Congress has rarely scrutinized the agency, its actions or its budget, instead showing remark-able deference to the DEA’s administrators.

That has started to change recently, and Leonhart’s departure was seen as an oppor-tunity to appoint someone who will over-haul the agency and support reform. “The new DEA chief has a tough job ahead,”said Bill Piper, director of national affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance.“We hope sena-tors scrutinize Rosenberg’s record to ensure that he’s in line with the political consensus for scaling back mass incarceration and the worst harms of the drug war.”

The Drug Policy Alliance’s online campaign has raised awareness of the damage the DEA is causing, and the organization and its allies are working with members of Congress to cut the agency’s budget and reduce its power.

“Drug prohibition, like alcohol prohibition, breeds crime, corruption and violence and creates a situation where law enforcement officers must risk their lives in a fight that can’t be won,”said Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the DPA. “It’s time to reform the DEA and broader U.S. /global drug policy.”

President Obama has tapped senior FBI official Chuck Rosenberg for the task of managinga Drug Enforcement Administrationplagued by scandaland job turnover.

A

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The DEA’s new interim director will likely continue meddling with pot policies

Changes at the top, but is it enough?

Meet Chuck Rosenberg

Jamaican government calls for immediate reform to U.S. drug policy

Caribbean

Most Americans want legal

ark Golding, the Jamaican minister of justice, called for the establishment of a committee to begin exploring how to revise international drug treaties that threaten to stand in

the way of nations’ marijuana reforms, in an address to United Nations representatives May 7 in New York. Jamaica recently enacted a law allowing marijuana cultivation and use.

The proposal is significant, and is one of the main requests of an open letter released earlier this week that supports Golding’s views, according to Tom Angell of the Marijuana Majority, a highly vocal political group.

“Existing U.S. and global drug-con-trol policies that heavily emphasize criminalization of drug use, posses-sion, production and distribution are inconsistent with international hu-man-rights standards and have con-tributed to serious human-rights vi-olations,” the groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union, Human Rights Watch, Global Ex-change and the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, wrote.

“Minister Golding’s call for a committee of experts on drug treaty reform is a bold and historic step forward for global drug policy,” said David Borden of StoptheDrugWar.org, which also signed the letter.

“Defenders of the status quo can no longer paint the idea of regulat-ing and controlling drugs, as opposed to prohibiting them, as against the will of the international community or lacking political support.”

GLOBAL GANJA GOALS

A new Harris Poll finds that the growing acceptability of marijua-na among state lawmakers reflects attitudinal shifts among U.S. res-idents since 2011. Support for the legalization of marijuana for both medical treatment and recreational use has increased by 7 percentage points in the past four years. Four in five adults (81 percent) favor legalizing marijuana for med-ical use, up from 2011, when three-quarters of Americans indicated the same. Meanwhile, according to Harris, half of Americans are supportive of legalizing marijuana for recreational use (49 percent), up from 42 percent who felt that way in 2011. Nearly nine in 10 Demo-crats and independents are in favor of legalizing marijuana for medical treatment (87 percent and 86 percent, respectively) and more than half support recreational use (58 percent and 55 percent).

About 70 percent of Republicans support medicinal use of marijua-na, while about 23 percent oppose. In contrast, 65 percent of Republi-cans oppose legalizing recreational use of marijuana. Only 27 percent of the Repubs’ polled say they support legalizing recreational pot.

Existing drug-control policies... are inconsistent with international human-rights standards.

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Paul Loney gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Kristie Cromwell, JD, for help in the preparation of this article www.oregonmarijuanalaw.com

I want to use recreational marijuana after July 1st and I have children in my home. How can I keep my family safe?Every parent should have a conversation with their children about what marijuana is and what it isn’t. Chil-dren need to know that unless they are medical marijuana patients, they must not use marijuana. If you have older children at home, they need to know they can get in legal trouble for possessing, selling or giving away marijuana.

Can I consume marijuana when my children are in the house or the room?

Parents should avoid using marijuana in front of children. Although using marijuana in the home is arguably no different from having a glass of wine or a beer, the law will likely not see it that way. Federal and local governments have made it clear that one of their main priorities is to prevent minors from obtaining marijuana. For example, the federal government’s 2013 Cole mem-orandum listed “preventing the distribution of marijuana to minors” as one of its enforcement priorities in allowing state marijuana programs. Locally, many zoning laws require medical marijuana dispensaries to be a specific distance away from schools and child care centers. Smoking marijuana near children exposes them to secondhand smoke and to its physical and mental effects. Consuming marijuana-infused edibles also has its risks. No matter where or in what form marijuana is con-sumed, a parent must never become unable to provide the required basic care for and proper supervision of their children. The state can consider a parent’s incapacitation from marijuana to be a danger to children in the home and could take measures against the parent.

What about when my children are outside playing? Or they’re asleep?

LEGAL Q & A By KRISTIE CROMWELL, JD & PAUL LONEY for OREGON LEAF


opinion

It might be safe to consume marijuana in those scenarios, as long as parents are not physically exposing children to the effects of marijuana or allowing them to have it. A parent’s bottom line should be: Am I or is another present adult capable of providing my children with the level of basic care and protective supervision that is appropriate and required for their ages and needs?

How should I store marijuana when I am not using it or preparing to use it? Parents who use marijuana should store any marijuana or marijuana-infused edibles under lock and key away from minors. Many edible marijuana products will appeal to children, and if you allow edibles to be easily obtained by children, you might have your parenting skills and ability questioned by authorities. Using marijuana does not make you a bad parent. However, using marijuana in front of your children or being unable to properly parent due to your use of marijuana could make you a bad parent in the eyes of the law.

Photo By Kevin Conor Keller/Creative Commons

kidsand

drugsdon’t

mix

‘‘Many edible marijuana products will appeal to children, and if you allow edibles to be easily obtained by children, you might have your parenting skills and ability rightly questioned by authorities.

‘‘18/ june 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

opinion

The author is an attorney and shareholder of Emerge Law Group in Portland, advising businesses on tax and estate questions. www.emergelawgroup.com

280E inflates a taxpayer’s tax bill by inflating taxable income. The marijuana business must, when calculating its federal income tax, ignore all expenses other than the cost of its inventory. It cannot make normal deductions like most businesses.

By ATTORNEY BERNARD CHAMBERLAIN for OREGON LEAF

why marijuana businesses aretreated differently by the irs

Back to Basics

The disallowance of tax deductions required by Sec-tion 280E of the IRS code is one of the more intim-idating legal and financial challenges facing growers, dispensaries and others involved in the Oregon Medical Marijuana Program. If ignored or not proper-ly addressed, 280E can stunt the growth of a business or limit its life. It can also saddle business owners and service providers with unexpected personal tax debt.

As the first in a series, this article seeks to go back to basics with 280E. Subsequent articles will suggest a systematic approach to dealing with common tax pitfalls and explain what to expect from the IRS when a tax return is filed.

What does 280E do?

280E inflates a taxpayer’s tax bill by inflating taxable income. The marijuana business must, when calculat-ing its federal income tax, ignore all expenses other than the cost of its inventory. A marijuana business that receives $100 from its customers and pays $50 of non-inventory expenses, must calculate its tax on $100 of income. It cannot make standard deductions.

For a grower, calculating taxable income generally means calculating gross receipts and then subtracting the grower’s cost of goods sold (“COGS”). Although the rules for calculating COGS are complex, market-ing, delivery, interest and many administrative expens-es are generally not permissibly allocable to COGS. Because many real expenses are ignored, a grower’s taxable income will almost always be significantly higher than the grower’s true economic income.

For a dispensary, calculating taxable income gener-ally means calculating gross receipts, then subtracting the dispensary’s COGS. The rules for calculating COGS for a dispensary are even more complex than for growers. However, marketing, delivery, interest and many administrative expenses are also generally not permissibly allocable to COGS. Because a dispensa-ry generally has more non-COGS expenses than a grower, 280E generally has a more significant effect on a dispensary than on a grower.

For a service provider, in most cases, calculating taxable income generally means calculating gross receipts. Close to no deductions are allowed for marijuana businesses.

If you are numerically minded, and have read this far, you’ve probably realized that a medical marijuana business can generate a pretax economic loss for its owners and leave them with a sizeable tax bill. That has unfortunately occurred with many marijuana businesses whose managers did not realize the after-tax position of the business until it came time to prepare the tax returns.

Does 280E apply to my activities?

The first question with 280E is, does it apply to my activ-ities? It is important not to skip this question because the answer is not always clear-cut. To plan for it, you must be aware of the danger posed by 280E.

280E generally affects an activity if the three require-ments of the statute are met. Those requirements are an expenditure, a “trade or business” and a prohibited activity.

An expenditure generally exists for a small business when a payment is made. This should not be surprising. How-ever, because of barter transactions, a medical marijuana business might have more expenditures than even carefully maintained books and records will reflect.

A trade or business is a profit-motivated activity that is considerable, regular and continuous. For a variety of technical reasons, medical marijuana cultivation opera-tions and dispensaries are treated as meeting the trade or business requirement even though they are prohibited from being profitable under the reimbursement provisions of the Oregon Medical Marijuana Act.

A prohibited activity is an activity that includes traf-ficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I or II of the Controlled Substances Act) that is prohibited under state or federal law. Criminal prohibitions in the area of controlled substances are written and applied broadly. Many medical marijuana processors and delivery services meet this requirement and are subject to 280E.

Although tax issues can be intimidating, the potential for 280E to significantly affect the finances of growers, dis-pensaries and others makes taxes an issue to consider with professional advisers when planning a business venture or just determining whether 280E exposure exists.

Todd Stimson of North Carolinaran a research facility when SWATbusted him last March. A jury convicted him in less than an hour. He was sentenced to a minimum of 25 months in prison and up to 39.

[JUNE PRISONER UPDATE]NORTHWEST NEWS

oregon: THSI Portland Chapter is looking for defendants and POWs who need our sup-port. While the people of Oregon are gearing up for recreational sales, thanks to voters pass-ing Measure 91, people are still being charged and incarcerated for Cannabis use.

If you are a victim of the war on drugs, spe-cifically Cannabis, we want to hear from you. THSI Portland Chapter meetings are every third Sunday of the month. Activities in-clude letter writing, prison outreach and court support planning. For more on our Portland Chapter, email Mindi at [email protected].

On July 1, when Oregon celebrates recre-ational Cannabis use, many POWs will be sitting in pris-ons all over the country.

One such person is the for-mer Marine Christopher Wil-liams, one of the operators of a medical marijuana dispensa-ry called Montana Cannabis, which was in compliance with state medical marijuana laws when it was raided by federal agents in 2011.

Chris’ former partners plead guilty, but Chris chose to fight the charges in court. In Sep-tember 2012, a jury found Williams guilty of eight felo-nies, due in part to testimony

given by his co-defendants who took a deal. Williams found himself facing a mandatory minimum sentence of 80 years in prison.

Not all of the co-defendants testified against Chris. Richard Flor, who pled guilty but did not snitch, died in federal custody shortly after his conviction. Williams was offered an un-precedented post-conviction agreement, where all but two charges were dropped and the $1.7 million forfeiture requirement was waived.

20/ JUNE 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

PRISON OUTREACHJune 21 is Father’s Day. Please consider all the chil-dren who will be unable to spoil their dads, past and present, with their love, due to unjust laws. Fathers like Richard DeLisi, Will Foster, Richard Montes, Craig Cesal, Richard Flor, Todd Stimson and many others like them are experiencing persecution or have left this Earth as the result of persecution. When it comes to marijuana and the law, the real injustice lies when a person’s life is ruined or ended due to a marijuana accusation.

The truth is, nothing involving marijuana is a crime. When one is faced with criminal charges, one must decide, “Shall I be another victim, or go down with a fight?” One such person is Todd Stimson, owner of The Blue Ridge Medical Cannabis Research Corp., a company he registered with the state and for which he bought the state marijuana tax stamp. Todd’s home, filled with family including small children, was invaded by 50 police officers and a SWAT team armed with AK-47s.

Todd has been found guilty and is in prison. Americans are tired of people going to prison for pot. We are tired of innocent people losing time, which can never be replaced.

The more time people spend behind bars, the less of a country we are. This law is based on racism, not the greater good. It’s based on opinion, not science. The incarceration of people for any amount of pot is morally wrong.

You can support Todd and other POWs (people in prison due to the war on drugs) by participat-ing in the THSI Prison Outreach Program or the THSI Adopt-A-Prisoner Program.

Go to thsintl.org to learn how to write to a pris-oner, adopt a prisoner or donate money to a prison-er’s commissary account and help change their life.

dispatch By KRISTIN FLOR, MIGGY 420, MINDI GRIFFITHS AND DANIELLE VITALE-O’BRIEN

>> NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINES of THE HUMAN SOLUTION

Chris is serving five years, a fraction of his sentence, in the Sheridan Federal Penitentiary in Oregon, but was required to give up his right to appeal. He has, however, applied for clemency, and asks for supporters to write and plead for his freedom. Send letters to the Office of the Pardon Attorney, 1425 New York Ave. NW, Suite 11000, Washington, D.C. 20530. Please reference Christopher Wil-liams ID No. 11839-046. Chris thanks everyone!

washington: Debbie Brechler and Josh Mauk of Seattle faced a federal judge for the first time April 30 and pled not guilty to counts of endangering hu-man life while manufacturing controlled substanc-es, maintaining a drug involved premises, and man-ufacturing hash oil and marijuana. In order for Josh and Debbie to stay out of jail, they had to agree to an appearance bond, which covers conditions that will keep them momentarily out of jail. The condi-tions include no MMJ, and Josh has unjustly had his gun rights revoked. They must also submit to regular drug testing. Their nightmare began when a so-called friend called the police and reported Josh and Debbie for Cannabis. “She was a patient who we befriended,” said Debbie. “We even once did a fundraiser to help her pay her vet bill!” Ultimately, this friend became disgruntled after a disagreement and retaliated by unleashing a raid on the family home in July 2014. Child Protective Services removed their children and placed them with family members. Even CPS could see this case was unfounded and returned the children after just one week. The couple however, still faced state charges. Just as Josh and Debbie were finally able to see a light, they learned during negotiations over plea arrangements that the federal government planned to pick up the case. The government often uses evidence obtained from friends, family and acquaintances against Cannabis consumers. On June 29, at 9:30 a.m., Josh and Debbie face the judge again. They request com-

JUNE 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF /21

THE UNITED STATES HAS MORE THAN 50 prisoners serving life sentences for Cannabis.

munity support at the U.S. Courthouse, 700 Stewart St., Room No. 16206, Seattle. This could happen to anyone in the Cannabis community. There are no victims in this so-called crime. Please come and help prevent another inhumane incarceration. For infor-mation on court dates, go to thsintl.org/calendar.

spokane: The Kettle Falls 3, Rolland and Mi-chelle Gregg, along with Rolland’s mother, Rhonda Firestack-Harvey, are facing federal sentencing on June 10 at the Thomas S. Foley U.S. Courthouse in Spokane. The prosecution has recommended that the judge sentence them to 63-78 months. They are not facing a mandatory minimum, which means the judge can decide on no jail time. You can help keep them out of prison by writing a character letter to the judge, asking him to not incarcerate them. If you need help, please visit THSI’s website for some points you can include in your letter. If we flood the courthouse with positive letters on behalf of the defendants, we might be able to help keep them out of prison. Your letter can be e-mailed to [email protected]. Thank you for your compassion.

Bellingham: Martin Nickerson and his two co-defendants are still facing 12 felony charges. They have been fighting for their rights since they were raided four years ago. “All we have done is help sick and dying medical patients,” Martin said. The group, known as the Bellingham 3, appeared for pretrial last month, only to have their court date postponed. The new pretrial date is scheduled for July 22 at 8:30 a.m. Martin plans to take the case to trial so his peers can decide his fate. Please educate everyone you know about jury nullification — a juror can judge the law, not just determine whether the law was broken.

Kent: Tyler Markwart (a contributing writer and photographer for this magazine and others) was facing eight years after being convicted of three felony charges in Whitman County. Tyler’s brief time in jail almost turned into life or death for him. He lost 26 pounds in days because of a medical condition. Judge David Frazier from Whitman County Superior Court sentenced Tyler to 53 days time served and a $5,000 fine, and no probation. Tyler credits his freedom to his attorney, strong community support in the courtroom and letters written on his behalf pleading for leniency. Supporters from across the state drove there to ensure he didn’t go to jail, and we commend them.

Learn more about The Human Solution www.ThsIntl.orgYou can help end the drug war! Please call 951-934-0055 to speak with a team coordinator. We need caring volunteers to help interview prisoners, write press releases, and prepare articles for release to the media.We are also looking for talented graphic artists, social media am-bassadors & videographers.To learn more about joining a chapter near you, please visit the national team website now.

NATIONAL NEWSGlobal Cannabis March: THSI Vice Presi-dent Kristin Flor was a guest speaker at this year’s Global Cannabis March in Portland on May 2 and Seattle on May 9. Events such as these are opportunities to educate the public about the true victims of the war on drugs. Please look for Kristin and THSI next at Seattle Hempfest.

Kansas: Shona Banda of Garden City lost her son to the state over a month ago because he spoke up at school about misinformation being given during a drug education program regarding Can-nabis. The information he gave to his classmates led to a raid of Shona’s house and the removal of her son. A gag order has silenced Shona from dis-cussing her case publicly. Because of the gag order, we do not have an update other than her words from social media on Mother’s Day. At this time, Shona’s son is still in the custody of the state, even though charges have yet to be filed.

California: On May 3, more than 50 THSI members gathered at DeeDee Kirkwood’s es-tate for the THSI Solidarity Conference, which included THSI guest of honor Eugene Fischer. Eugene is a former POW who served more than 26 years of a life sentence for our plant and is now one of THSI’s executive directors. Our first con-ference was a success as THSI wrote more than 75 letters to prisoners and raised money for commis-sary accounts. The United States has more than 50 prisoners serving life sentences, and many more suffering in prison daily for our plant. We need your help to end prohibition right away so these people can go home to their families. THSI offers court support and prison outreach across the nation. Remember: no one should go to jail for plant. NO VICTIM = NO CRIME = NOT GUILTY.

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BHO, C02 and ice hash were available from extract artists such as Willies BHO, Prop-er Oil, Higher Level Concentrates and HAF Extracts. Half and full grams were available, making it easier for patients to mix and match on a budget. Their se-lection is such that you can visit multiple times and still find a new option to try.

Strains 4/5

SWEET RELIEF boasts a variety of strains for patients of Oregon’s north coast. Donations run from $8 to $12 per gram. Strains such as Chem Bubba, Juicy Fruit, Jillybean, White Rhino and Northern Cheddar are available to pa-tients. Vendors include 7 Point Farms and Shango Cannabis.

Edibles 5/5

A WHOLE WALL displays the medibles at Sweet Relief. Treats such as medicated pretzels, mac-aroons, gummies and chocolates were available in various dosages ranging from roughly 10 mg to a whopping 400 mg medible. The staff helped us choose from well-known medible makers such as Sour Bhotz, Lunchbox Alchemy, Qi Co, and Ripped City Soda — all reasonably priced.

Sweet Relief natural medicine By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Reviewed


Environment 5/5

SITUATED DOWNTOWN on Commercial Street, Sweet Relief is a spacious access point that can accommodate patients of all needs. The large waiting room has numerous couches and magazines for patient comfort. A large medicine room makes selecting medicine quick and easy. Afterward, try climbing up the 164 steps of the winding staircase of the Astoria Column for a leg workout leading to a gorgeous view of the Columbia River and Oregon/Washington border.

Overall 18/20

THIS PATIENT-RUN collective keeps Astoria stocked with some of the best medical marijuana in the state. Whether you are passing by or there to stay, Sweet Relief collective is worth a stop on any trip to the Oregon coast.

SWEET RELIEF NATURAL MEDICINE

1444 Commercial St. Astoria, OR, 97103(503) 468 -0881 www.sweet-relief.org

28.6% thc // 0.06% CBD TEST results by 3b analytical

The Astoria-Megler Bridge and Columbia Rivermarks the border of Oregon and Washington.

A POTENT strain has a terpene profile reminiscent of ChemDawg and other members of the Sour family. When smoked through a raw cone, we noticed a strong chem taste that was similar to that of Dogwalker. The strain smoked a bit harsh but helpfully relieved chronic pain and nausea. 23/30

THE SCORE

a r o m a : d e n s i t y :

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STICK Y BITCH Indica hybrid

Afterward, climb the 164 steps of

the Astoria Column for a leg workout

and gorgeous Columbia River views.

24/30

THE SCORE

a r o m a : d e n s i t y :

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THIS STRAIN has an incredibly floral terpene profile that reminded us of Green Queen and not the cheese of its name. The bud is caked in trichomes and has vibrant orange hairs. We enjoyed this flower through a clean water pipe and after a few tokes we were too medicated to continue smoking. When smoked, the floral flavor overwhelmed our taste buds leaving us wanting another hit. This strain is perfect for anyone seeking heavy medication.

NORTHERN CHEDDAR Indica super powers

22.65% THC // 0.04% CBD TEST results by 3b analytical


Profile By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

jonah tacomaDABSTARS

Q & AWe sat down with Jonah Tacoma, the founder of Dabstars, a concentrates promotion company based here in the Northwest, to talk about the changing public perception of dabbing, rosin tech, and how they have harnessed social

Dabstars makes High Times

@Dabstars shares crazy concentrates


[email protected] @Dabstars

FIFTEEN YEARS AGO. A GUY LIKE ME COULD NOT REACH 5 MILLION PEOPLE A WEEK. IT USED TO BE CONTROLLED BY BIG PRESS, BY THE 1% MAKING A LOT OF MONEY.

NW Leaf: When did you start Dabstars?

I literally started it at the first Annual Concentrate Cup. I had this concept for a sticker and shirt, so I put out a single sticker for sale for $3. And not one person gave me three dollars! I couldn’t sell it! So then I decided nobody knew what a Dabstar was. So I started handing people who I thought were Dabstars the sticker and took a picture of them, and suddenly everyone loved it! By the time people asked for the sticker, it was no longer for sale. That night I created a Facebook page around Dabstars and loaded pictures online, and I immediately real-ized there was something here. The page went viral from inception.

Did you ever expect to be where you are today? How many followers does Dab-stars have on Facebook, and what kind of impact does that make?

All I knew was that I wanted to put career-level energy into Cannabis. Still, I was plugging along waiting for a break, and didn’t know it was going to happen until it did. We just passed 780,000 likes today. That is amazing! We are on a strong push to a million, and we’ll see a million inside of the next two months. To a small-town kid from Colorado it is huge! I was born in a small town called Ouray, with a popu-lation of 5-8,000 depending on tourists. To come to this point where we have this huge voice is important, and we have a respon-sibility to do something positive. The core model of our business is shining light on successes others created through Cannabis. We show and share a paradigm where people can fol-low their dreams without sacrificing or adjusting to [societal] norms. We need strong role models who can say you can go out and get a job in pot.

What has been the biggest surprise for you?

For me I thought dabbing was such a countercul-ture corner of the overall industry that we would see a ceiling. Instead it’s gone very mainstream. Cannabis is a pop culture thing now. We are in the national conversation. It’s in part because this is a social movement. A majority of people rose up and took something back that was illegal. There’s a sense of empowerment that comes with this. We have taken media out of the hands of big business.

Fifteen years ago, a guy like me could not reach 5 million people a week. It used to be controlled by big press, by the 1% making a lot of money. Now the public decides what they like and don’t like. People can be made or broken in an instant. Social media can be a double-edged sword, but for us it opened [an] entire world of possibility.

What has been the most fun for you?

When we started doing rallies and giveaways on the ground, it changed everything. My heart and soul is in the giveaways. Where we talk about Canna-bis, impact, possibility, and then we give away a ton of free shit. And then people listen. You don’t get 10,000 people to stand for 90 minutes without con-nections. That’s what this is. We’ve literally given away over $100,000 in products, and I say that with confidence. Just the closed-loop processors and vac ovens are worth over $25,000. We’ve given away Subzero, Bhogart, Across International and tons of medicine. On 420 weekend, we gave away 25 Dip-stick E-Nectar Collectors valued at $250 a piece. That is the best part for me, sharing cool things and seeing how much happiness it brings people when

we give things away!

What do you think the future holds for dabbing?

I believe dabbing will have a huge foothold in the future. The science is constantly developing, and now with access to lab feedback, proces-sors are able to evolve and tinker closer to perfection. Now we are seeing fractionalization of THC or CBD, which looks like something you would see on Breaking Bad, but it’s the pure essence of the plant.

Dabbing is an evolution and it’s catching fire and growing faster than you can ever imagine.

How is the perception of dabbing changing, and what needs to change to make it better?

I think public perception has been shaped largely by negative media. The visceral explosions and impact that you see when people do this wrong has tailored how the public perceives dabbing. It has also caused a lot of regulations to pop up, and it’s mostly for the better. As an industry, we self-regulated and decid-ed open blasting is not safe or acceptable, and it’s almost entirely stopped, at least in medical circles. The companies willing to invest real business-level money into processing will be fine and continue to

shape the industry, but nobody will be able to start a concentrate company in their back yard again. Companies that have been in Cannabis for a long time, but in shadows, need to come to the forefront with positive branding and perception or they will lose this game of musi-cal chairs we are all playing.

What do you think about new processing techniques, specifically rosin tech? As much as people differ in opinion about ros-in tech, it gives people a safe way to create an extract that’s very similar to traditional concen-trates but without the dangers of hydrocarbons. I don’t think it’s gonna edge out solvent ex-traction, but it is creating a new way for people to springboard into extractions. Instead of go-ing through risk and potential danger, they can grab a flat iron with zero danger to self or oth-ers. People will be able to experience new con-centrates. I think it’s positive for the industry.

What is your advice to anyone trying to build a brand or social media presence in the future?

Jump in with two feet. The best performers will get on stage and perform for 100 peo-ple or 10,000 and give the same performance. Speak like your audience is there and it will be. Personalize it! People really gravitate to you when you are honest with them.

We’re a perfect example of building brand first. We went hard before monetizing, which is what everyone should do. It is more im-portant to create brand or entity than mon-etizing in the beginning, and that’s what ev-eryone should be focusing on.

OREGON LEAF

Available From Calyxes7501 SW Capitol Hwy Suite A, Portland 97219(503) 889-0682 [email protected]

Test Results by Oregon Analytical

The Hazy Kush is a potent hybrid grown and bred by the Green Bodhi crew, which is Clean Green Certified — meaning they are committed to sustainable and organic cultivation methods modeled after the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program.

This cross of Golden Pineapple and Don makes for an incredibly sweet, melon-like ter-pene profile that fills the room when a jar is cracked. The buds are not too dense, not too airy, and are absolutely caked in trichomes. Breaking off a few nugs for a joint intensifies the sweet terpene profile and leaves the fingers coated in sticky trichomes and terpenes.

The snapping of the buds signify a proper cure that has reduced moisture while enhancing fla-vor and smoke. The flower burned evenly and

smoothly with strong hints of a mango Creamsicle flavor that was tasty until the end of the

Raw cone joint. The joint burned a clean white ash, signifying a proper flush of nutrients. After the first few tokes, we noticed a euphoric, ener-getic head high that eased into complete body relief toward the end.

We recommend this strain to sativa lovers and those looking for an active high. We felt ener-gized and pain-free for hours. Careful attention to organic and sustainable cultivation shines through this clean medicine.

STRAINOF THE MONTHBy WILL FERGUSON | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

GROWN by GREEN BODHI

32/ June 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

HAZYKUSH


The buds are not too dense, not too airy, and absolutely caked in trichomes.

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Profile By WES ABNEY


Co

urte

sy

On a resumé dotted with stints as a pro wrestler, controversial author and part-time TV show host, Mr. Ventura’s latest role requires traveling, giving interviews and generally being an outspoken critic of government overreach and drug misinformation.In a telephone interview on a recent trip to speak in Mexico, Jesse digs deep into reforming drug laws, saving our civil liberties and stopping Big Pot.

The former governor of Minnesota is no stranger to speaking his mind.

Jesse Ventura


Interview continues pg. 38

1. How do you feel about Cannabis legalization and medical use?

I think it should be absolutely legal, in all forms and all sales. I spoke with Tommy Chong not long ago and he made the point that it is purely a medical plant and there should be no separation between medical and recreational. The concept of recreational use is only psychological — the whole plant is medicine and should be treated as such, in my view. Besides, alcohol is legal, and I behaved far worse on alcohol than I ever have on pot.

2. Should everyone have the freedom to grow and use Cannabis?

Without a doubt! It’s a remarkable plant that we are learning more and more about constantly. It really is a wonder plant that has been kept from the public, from the people, by archaic laws in our country and worldwide. They always try to say that marijuana is gateway drug. That’s such a bunch of bull. The real gateway drug is tobacco — that’s the first one. It’s highly addictive because of nicotine and many kids who start up on tobacco will do it their whole lives. It is the only product I know where, if you use it properly, the end result is death. I remember it as a kid; we would get the kid with the best handwriting to write a note saying “give my kid one pack of Marlboros” and take it to a mom and pop and sell it to us. When they want to talk gateway drugs they are alcohol and tobacco. But they’ve been accepted socially, so people say those don’t count. Marijuana should be treated just like those oth-er more dangerous drugs, at the very least.

3. What do you think about the war on drugs and its ef-fect on America?

It is a miserable failure. Always has been and always will be. My mother said before she passed that the war on drugs is identical to prohibition — all it does is make criminals rich and powerful. My belief is that the United States is a war culture, sup-ported by a war economy, and until we change the culture of America, we will be at perennial war. Wheth-er it’s the Middle East or the drug war, we will be at war. Vote Dem-ocrats and Republicans out of of-fice because the parties themselves are the problem. We need no more

gangs in government. They put the party first, money second and we the peo-ple might be third, if we are lucky.

4. Who is profiting from the war on drugs? Private prisons?

Yes, it is policing for profit — it’s dangerous. Any time you privatize and take away oversight and give power to corporations, you will have problems. And the problem is that corporations run everything. Corporations contrib-ute widely to campaigns, spend billions to elect who they want, and rights get taken away from the average person. It’s principally the result of the de-spicable Citizens United ruling saying corporations have rights as people. If they have the same rights as us they should pay the same taxes and be held accountable for the same laws.

5. Is profit and control why the system is so scared of a plant?

Here’s the reason why there’s a negative spin on pot in America. You can still grow your own in the backyard. Pharmaceutical companies and big corpora-tions can’t profit like they can from making their synthetic drugs. They don’t have the market cornered with this plant. That’s why they don’t want it legal. That’s why you see these ridiculous laws, like the Washington law that doesn’t allow for home-growing. They want it regulated like a pharmacy, with pills they can prescribe to use and abuse the HMO system to overcharge and keep the ball rolling. If you have something you can grow or use yourself at no cost, they don’t like that a bit.

6. What is your stance on other drugs and the way we treat ad-diction in America?

Addiction is a medical problem. All addiction is. It is laughable to think about addiction, and only think about heroin. The most powerful and abused addictive drug is called coffee, caffeine. If you could magically make coffee disappear tomorrow, how many murders would there be? How many people couldn’t function? You could be addicted to Hostess Twinkies, coffee, food ... there are so many addictions people face in life. Addiction should be treated medically, not criminally. It never should have been treated criminally. Addic-tion affects just about everyone in some shape or form. We’re all addicted to something. Luckily, I’m addicted to golf.

7. Can illegal drugs actually have a positive impact on people?

If people only knew how many people die from legal prescription drugs each year they would stop worrying about illegal drugs. The Beatles admitted that when they wrote “Sgt. Pepper’s,” one of the greatest rock albums of all time, they were all on LSD. They created this rock album that will go down in history as one of the best ever on an illegal drug? Remember Anna Nicole? She took six medically prescribed drugs and wasn’t able to function enough to dial 911 and died from what her doctor had prescribed her. Look at the comparison. LSD is illegal, she is deader than a doornail, and the drugs she was prescribed are still being handed out to millions of Americans.

It really is a wonder plant that has been kept from the public, from the people, by archaic laws in our country and worldwide.

They want it regulated like a pharmacy, with pills they can prescribe to use and abuse the HMO system to overcharge and keep the ball rolling. If you have something you can grow or use yourself at no cost, they don’t like that a bit.


Profile By WES ABNEY

8. what did you learn from your time as governor of minnesota?

It taught me a lot. People often ask why didn’t I seek a second term? I cer-tainly could have won, but I’ll tell you, after spending four years dealing with politicians, the best way I can describe it is I felt like I needed a shower. They are the most unscrupulous lowlifes ever. If what I saw are the leaders of our great country, we’re in sad shape. Look at it from this perspective. Our current two-party system has been in charge 150 years. How far in debt are we? If our politicians ran their home economics like they’ve ran the economy, they’d be living on the street. Every child born right now takes their first breath of air and becomes $50k in debt. Who’s responsible? Our country’s leaders.

9. Where do you stand when it comes to freedom and politics,and what should the country do to get back on the path.

I’ve always been a person who believes in personal freedom. I think our Con-stitution is being violated to a point that it almost doesn’t exist. I have a lawsuit against TSA and Homeland Security, and a federal judge threw it out of court. A Constitution? … That’s precisely it. If you go into an airport, you are not protected by the Bill of Rights. Where in the Consti-tution does it say you can somehow enter an area of the country where the Constitution doesn’t apply?

Continued from pg. 36

JESSE VENTURA INTERVIEW

10. The same issues are facing Cannabis right now. My home state doesn’t allow home-growing and instead forces users to pay exorbitant taxes to purchase pot “legally.” And when the question of taxing a Schedule 1 federally illegal drug was tak-en to our local federal court, they used the same argument, claiming they didn’t have the jurisdiction to rule. So pot is still illegal federally, just not if you have a state or special piece of paper making it legal. How does that sit with you?

The American justice system’s moral compass is upside down. Truth-tellers are now villains and liars are heroes. Edward Snowden, the truth-teller — throw him in jail. Bradley Manning and WikiLeaks? The guys he exposed who murdered innocents walk free and Manning is in prison. Now being called a truther is considered an insult. How can the word ‘truth’ be bad? By that logic, if truth is bad, then lying is good. This happened during Bush and Cheney when they lied about Iraq. They achieved everything they wanted, and look what we are stuck with. If you ques-tion 9/11, or the politics of war, you are called a truther and you’re a bad person. It’s amazing to me how our society has

Now being called a truther is considered an insult. How can the word ‘truth’ be bad?

The American justice system’s moral compass is upside down.

Truth-tellers are now villains and liars are heroes.


taken the word truth and just turned it. As for the laws in Washington state, it’s unbelievable. If people don’t think that’s suppression, then that’s what is wrong with the system. The powers make examples so no one else will do it. Who will blow the whistle now if you go to jail for doing it and bad peo-ple become rich? Stop voting for Democrats and Republicans. Nothing will change if you keep electing the same system.

11. wHAT CAN people DO TO fight back against THESE unjust laws as well as big corporations entering the pot industry and the continued threats POSED BY big pharma.

Buy marijuana locally from people who grow it legally. Buy from the small guy, the mom and pop grocery store rather than the great big guy. Boycott “Big Marijuana.” That’s how people can combat this. In order to keep corpo-rations from getting control, stay away from the Walmart of weed. And be careful about chemicals that would change or alter it. They do that with so many things today. You can’t even buy real corn anymore. That would be the scary thing. Once it is legal to grow and buy, do it like Colorado. Let everyone who wants to grow the plant do so.

Whenever you take a stand on an issue, people will line up around the block to kick your ass over it.

F a c e b o o k . c o m / j e s s e v e n t u r a

Attorney at Law847-917-9673

The Law Office of Bradley M. Steinman

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wwwwww..ggrreeeennbbuussiinneessssllaaww..uussAttorney at Law

847-917-9673


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[email protected]




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wwwwww..ggrreeeennbbuussiinneessssllaaww..uussAttorney at Law

847-917-9673


[email protected]




[email protected]

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Clean, friendly atmospherewhere patients are our priority.

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recipes By LAURIE WOLF for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by BRUCE WOLF for OREGON LEAF

42/ june 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF More recipes pg. 44

This month’s recipes were all made with the strain J1. Uplifting and sometimes euphoric, this is the strain I have always turned to for butter, oil and simple syrup. I like the way it tastes, and when a bit of its herbal flavor comes through, it’s fine with me. It’s important to pay attention to the seasonality of the fresh ingredients you use. I have nothing against using frozen berries in the winter, but in June, I go for the just-picked, local stuff. Yes, it’ll cost more, but no comparison exists in taste and nutritional value between fresh and frozen. Enjoy the recipes and …let it go!

5 tbs. mild olive oil1 tablespoon canna-olive oil 3 tbs. raspberry vinegar2 tbs. honey1 tsp. Dijon mustard1 tsp. finely minced shallotsSalt and pepper6 ounces arugula, cleaned2 cups assorted berries½ cup toasted walnuts1/3 cup feta cheese, crumbled

INGREDIENTS BLUEBERRY ARUGULA SALAD1. In a small bowl, whisk together the oils, vinegar, honey, mustard and shallots. Add salt and pepper to taste. Set aside.

2. In a serving bowl, toss the arugula with the berries, walnuts and cheese.

3. Add the dressing to the salad and toss well to mix.

Makes 4 servings

Adding homemade toasted walnuts gives a great crunch. Prepare these before prepping the salad. Heat oven to 325 F. Place the walnuts on a baking sheet with sides and bake until golden, about 8-10 minutes. Try not to eat them all, yet.

recipes By LAURIE WOLF for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for OREGON LEAF



INGREDIENTS8 slices crusty bread, toasted1 tbs. canna-oil3 cups cherries, pitted2 scallions, chopped1 tbs. honey2 tsp. mild oil1 tbs. aged balsamic vinegar4 tbs. goat cheese

Four servings (two per guest)

1. Place the bread on your work surface. Brush thoroughly with canna-olive oil.

2. Place the cherries and scallions on a baking sheet and toss with the honey and the oil. Roast until the cherries get wrinkled and the cherry juice starts to thicken.

3. Put the cherries in a bowl and toss with the balsamic vinegar.

4. Divide the cherry mixture among the bread slices. Top with the goat cheese and serve right away.

Roasted cherry and goat cheese bruschetta

Makes two smoothies. Combine all ingredients in a blender. Puree until smooth. If you want your smoothie to be frothy, add a cup of ice.

1 ripe avocado, seeded and peeled1 ripe banana, peeled and sliced1 ½ cups coconut milk2 tbs. honey2 tsp. canna-coconut oil1 tsp. fresh lime juice

INGREDIENTS

AVOCADOSMOOTHIE

Rocket Orange Mints are packaged in a slick slide-out tin can that allows for easy, on-the-go access. Each piece contains roughly 6 mg of THC, making this medicine easy to dose out. When ingested, we no-ticed a strong, bitter Cannabis taste that was not enjoyable. We ate the

whole can and after about an hour, felt heavily medicated. We rec-ommend starting slow and dosing your way up because these are 72 mg. This medible is perfect for patients suffering chronic pain — we felt a sedating, lethargic effect that lasted for hours. Low-dose pieces also make this medible per-fect for beginner patients because they can easily control their doses.

Baked by Coco medicated cookies are among the more potent medibles we have tried. The cookies come individually packaged in two plastic wrappers inside of a larger childproof seal with test results and the lab displayed on the outside of the package. We ingested both cookies and

didn’t taste any Cannabis, but were unimpressed with the flavor of the cookies. About an hour after eating the cookies, our eyes became heavy and we started to feel the couch-locking high. We were so medicated that we woke up feeling high the next day. This edible is perfect for patients suf-fering from chronic illnesses and those looking to sleep better.

Va l u e : ta s t e :

E f f e c t: Packaging:

O v e r a l l :

THE SCORE

15/20

Va l u e : ta s t e :

E f f e c t: Packaging:

O v e r a l l :

THE SCORE

16/20

TASTY

Reviews By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF Photos by Daniel Berman

Tested by Oregon Analytical Services Two-pack, 50mg THC/cookie

EACH PIECE CONTAINS

ROUGHLY 6 MG OF THC,

MAKING THIS MEDICINE

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ORANGE MINTSby Rocket, $10

Tested by MRX Labs 72.8mg THC


PEANUT BUTTER�COOKIES

by baked by coco, $10

By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF Photos by Daniel Berman

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health & science

HIKING FOR HEALTH

BY OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR

DR. SCOTT D. ROSE

Whether for an hourlong walk through a park or a rigorous several-day trek in the mountains, your mind is clearer and rejuvenated at the end of a hike. Stress melts away. You’re better able to fo-cus your thoughts and those thoughts come and go more freely. Thoughts focus more on the moment and less on the regimented multitasking process of modern life. Research supports that exposure to na-ture causes significant, measurable changes in the body, making people smarter, happier and healthier. The naturalist John Muir was an early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States. He once said, “In every walk with nature, one receives far more than he seeks.”

Researchers Davis Strayer and the Ashleys have designed experiments hypothesizing that exposure to nature causes significant, measurable effects on the brain, allowing you to think more clearly, focus more acutely and perform to your maximum cogni-tive ability. And the longer you are exposed — up to a point — the smarter you get. Thanks to Elisabeth Kwak-Hefferan for her article bringing this sub-ject to light in the May 12 edition of Backpacker magazine, which outlines her participation in these

Neahkahnie Mountain Trailon the Oregon Coast

Phot

o by

Cre

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mon

s/Th

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Sha

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Hikers find many reasons to explore the wilderness.It’s a way to escape the stresses of urban life and a favorite way to stay in shape — not to mention an excellent chance to connect with family and friends.


Dr. Scott D. Rose has written about Cannabis and health for years in the Northwest Leaf. He is an acupuncturist with a pain resolution clinic in the Crown Hill area of Seattle.

nature exposure experiments. Through strict testing of groups going out into the wilderness, the research team collected baseline data, including cognitive data. These tests were repeated after time spent in the wilderness. Results showed that spending time outdoors increases attention spans and creative problem-solving skills by as much as 50 percent.

The authors of the study point out that the results might have as much to do with unplugging from technology as they do spending time outside. “This is a way of showing that interacting with nature has real, measurable benefits to creative problem-solv-ing,” Strayer says. Strayer and others are at the front of what’s called environmental neuroscience, a field within the field of environmental psychology, which considers the relationships between people and their physical worlds. Environmental neuroscience nar-rows in on how one’s surroundings affect the way the brain works.

Something about being in the wilderness appears to cause physiological changes: the release of certain hormones, maybe, or the switch of activity from one brain region to another. The brain is divided into regions, each of which takes the lead in a different set of tasks. Some regions handle the basics, others oversee more complicated functions, but the frontal lobe is the most important of the whole operation. This region, situated in the front quarter of the brain, is used for advanced thinking.

Strayer and others hypothesize that this “caught up in the moment” effect may be a big part of why nature is so refreshing for the brain. In modern life, few of us are able to enjoy focusing on only what is right in front of us. That sort of divided thinking doesn’t do the brain any favors. It is taxing to the frontal lobe function. It happens whenever the at-tention is switched from one task to another and it even happens involuntarily when an attention-grab-bing signal intrudes on your consciousness — flash-ing lights, ringing cellphones, blaring horns. Increas-ingly, however, we do this to our brains on purpose through the use of technology. Getting outdoors in nature might help offset those negatives and give the frontal lobe a rest.

Hiking can also help with depression and feeling better about ones self. The exercise required and the fitness gained are known as “feed-forward motiva-tion,” a term that expresses the idea that if a result is favorable enough, or the payout is such that the en-ergy investment is worth the output — and you are willing and wanting to do the same or more — then you likely will continue the activity.

Hiking enjoys widespread appeal, particularly in the outdoors-loving Northwest. One organization to know and love is The Washington Trails Asso-ciation (wta.org). The WTA is the nation’s largest state-based hiking nonprofit organization and serves

as the voice for hikers in Washington. WTA Members protect hiking trails and wild-

lands, take volunteers out to maintain trails, and promote hiking as a healthful, enjoyable way to ex-plore the outdoors. Another great resource is Ore-gonHikers.org and books by famed Oregon hiker and author William L. Sullivan.

Do you want to try hiking but don’t know where to start? The first step is ensuring you are physically ready for the challenges. A good training routine can increase your overall fitness and get your body tuned for hiking. You’ll need the appropriate foot-wear, clothing and gear.

Packing the “10 essentials” and a first-aid kit whenever you step into the backcountry, even on day hikes, is a good habit. The 10 essentials are: Navigation (map and compass); sun protection (sunglasses and sunscreen); insulation (extra cloth-ing); illumination (headlamp/flashlight); first-aid supplies; fire (waterproof matches/lighter/candles);

repair kit and tools; nutrition (extra food); hy-dration (extra water); and emergency shelter (space blanket.)

If you can walk, hiking is easy. Really! If you’re a novice, contact associations such as the WTA — it lists nearly 3,500 hikes on its website — and the Mountaineers (seattle-foundation.org), two organizations with re-sources for both beginners and pros.

With hiking, don’t be so focused on the destination that you miss the journey along the way. Gregory Miller, president of the American Hiking Society, said, “Being in na-ture is ingrained in our DNA, and we some-times forget that. John Muir urged us to head for the mountains, where “the winds will blow their own freshness into you.”

When you’re out on the trail, stress melts away and you exit feeling great and motivated to do it again. Get out in nature. Take a hike!

Don’t forget to pack the 10 essentials when headingout to a hike:

check outwta.org forin-depthhiking infoand guides

The Washington Trails Association is the nation’s largest state-based hiking nonprofit organization and has info on Washington and Northern Oregon trails. WTA Members protect hiking trails and wildlands, take volunteers out to maintain trails, and promote hiking as a healthful, enjoyable way to explore the outdoors. Joining the WTA is a good way to support the Washington trail system and stay informed and motivated to hit the trails and explore this amazing region.

TRAVEL TIPS:

you’ve been waiting to buy a Jorge Cervantes book, this is the one — his magnum opus, “The Cannabis Encyclopedia,” is a gorgeous, 8 1/2 by 11 inch coffee-table volume that features more than 2,000 photos and plenty of potential for keeping it around. At almost 600 pages, it is a must-have for any serious

Cannabis researcher or marijuana book collector. The book provides easy-reading information on medical Cannabis, ex-

plaining essential techniques to growing indoors, outdoors and in green-houses. Gardening practices are illustrated with step-by-step examples and instructions. And the book’s three-column format makes it easy on the eyes.

Truly helpful chapters on the history of medical marijuana, cannabinoid measurement and Cannabis strains can provide a firm background for pa-tients and their caregivers, while the Medicinal Concentrates and Cooking with Medicinal Cannabis chapters detail several ways to concentrate and consume Cannabis.

Each stage of marijuana’s growth cycle is graphically explained: seed, seedling, vegetative growth, clones, mother plants and flowering. Want to know how to achieve maximum cannabinoid preservation during the cur-ing process? The encyclopedia includes that information.

Grow room design, construction and maintenance are covered, as is how to site a greenhouse. Four case studies feature two indoor gardens, one with LED and HPS lamps, Jorge’s own backyard garden and a big garden in Humboldt County, California.

The Cannabis cultivation focus is on organic practices. The comprehen-sive Nutrient chapter has drawings of 14 Cannabis plants illustrating nutri-ent excess and deficiencies. The Breeding chapter explains methods, crosses, back-crosses, true breeds and hybrids, offering illustrated instructions on starting your own home Cannabis breeding program.

Cervantes, the author of “Marijuana Horticulture” and a world-renowned expert on Cannabis cultivation, concealed his identity with the “Jorge Cer-vantes” nom de plume from 1983 until 2010 so he could cultivate, study, photograph and write about Cannabis without persecution. Jorge’s birth name is actually George Van Patten; he came out of the Cannabis closet in a 2010 interview with National Public Radio.

VAN PATTEN PUBLISHING, 2015 | 596 PAGES | $75, HARDCOVER | $50, HARDCOVER

By JORGE CERVANTES

The Definitive Guide to Cultivation and Consumption of Medical Marijuana

the cannabisencyclopedia

If

VAN PATTEN PUBLISHING, 2012 | 512 PAGES | $24, PAPERBACK

By JORGE CERVANTES

The Indoor/OutdoorMedical Grower’s Bible

Marijuanahorticulture

There are several editions and each new one improves with additional insight and helpful photo-driven guides. Cervantes' Marijuana Horticulture is often considered among the best textbooks for learning about every single part of creating and maintaining a grow. Between thisand the encyclopedia you might need a new bookshelf.

Have you read his other work?


product

ReviewsBy STEVE ELLIOTT Editor, Tokesignals.com

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6850 N. Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97217 || 503-285-4768

Wide selection of nutrients and soilFriendly, knowledgeable, experienced staff

100% locally owned


How-to


growtechgrowtech BY DR. SCANDERSON FOR NORTHWEST LEAF


More important than the nutrients you use, the medium you choose or the strain in your garden, the right environment is required for your plants to maximize their potential. Proper temperature, humidity, air exchange, air quality and movement are essential to produce a medical-grade harvest. Other elements of your garden become irrelevant if your space is not dialed in to create a consistent environment capable of adjusting to the needs of your plants as they grow. This grow tech will focus on the key elements required to create and control your growing environment. To start, you need to choose between an open system and a closed system. In an open system, the environment is, in part, controlled with an exhaust mechanism of some sort and an intake mechanism. Benefits of open systems are they use the surrounding environment to control heat, humidity and air quality, which is both effi-cient and less expensive. In closed systems, no air exchange exists. Temperature, humidity and air quality is controlled from inside the room. Benefits of sealed rooms include more precise control, a higher quality of air and a lower risk of infestation. In choosing which is right for you, understand that the start-up costs of running a sealed room are higher and, depending on the type of setup, more expensive to run.

Indoor gardening requires creating an environment that is an improvement of what is found in nature. Through the process of replication, we provide similar environments to what the plant is genetically programmed to respond to. Consider air quality and oxygenation of the root zone. Plants grown indoors are fed levels of C02 that are rarely found in nature. Similarly, no natural occurring environments provide a plant root system with an enclosed area of highly oxygenated solution balanced with the highest quality fertilizers and growth derivatives found on earth. Heat is the first and foremost challenge that must be addressed to run a successful garden. In general, the more watts you use, the more parabolic

aluminized reflector (PAR) lighting you are feeding your plants, which should increase the quality and yield of your garden. The more watts you use, the more heat you’ll add to your garden, which needs to be removed to maintain a controlled environment for growing Cannabis -- between 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

Here’s where things get puzzling. A successful garden also needs to maintain tempered humidity levels and adding in wattage generally decreases humidity and most methods for controlling heat also removes humidity. You can see the balancing act going on between adding in as much wattage as possible, providing a substantial cooling mecha-nism to evacuate excessive heat and ensuring that humidity levels stay consistent day and night.

Let’s assume for a moment that the above puzzle is assembled, but you can’t forget that Cannabis is a photosensitive plant. At least half its day in bloom is spent in darkness. This is significant because without the wattage and warmth provided from running the lights during the day, temperatures decrease. Lower air temperature means the air holds less water vapor and so humidity rises as temperatures drop. This too, must be accounted for to create a successful medical-quality crop free from pest and disease. The two systems essentially differ in the fundamental approach to controlling these factors. If your garden is small and uses 400 watts or less, consider yourself lucky. It’s likely the existing aux-iliary conditions and your garden are working in harmony. The ambient daytime temperatures are properly augmented when the lights are on, bringing the temperatures up to the ideal range. At this range, humidity usually is within the proper range, if not a bit low when plants are smaller. At night, the number of plants and total bio mass that generally grows under this wattage isn’t substantial enough to create levels of humidity that can’t be managed by using a simple oscillating fan. It is one of the biggest fallacies in gardening that simply replicating your existing setup to accommodate more plants will work. Larger gar-dens create more overall heat and water buildup, and the domino effect from the puzzle described above can spiral you right into disaster -- hot dry days and average or cool, damp nights. This speaks volumes of the benefits of running lighter wattage. I’ve seen some incredibly successful gardens come from nothing more than tightly placed CFL’s and desk top fans.

growing environment is the most important factor in maximizing your plant’s potential

Feng shui the right way

Other elements of your garden become irrelevant if your space is not dialed in to create a consistent environment capable of adjusting.


DR. SCANDERSON


growtech BY DR. SCANDERSON FOR NORTHWEST LEAF


More important than the nutrients you use, the medium you choose or the strain in your garden, the right environment is required for your plants to maximize their potential. Proper temperature, humidity, air exchange, air quality and movement are essential to produce a medical-grade harvest. Other elements of your garden become irrelevant if your space is not dialed in to create a consistent environment capable of adjusting to the needs of your plants as they grow. This grow tech will focus on the key elements required to create and control your growing environment. To start, you need to choose between an open system and a closed system. In an open system, the environment is, in part, controlled with an exhaust mechanism of some sort and an intake mechanism. Benefits of open systems are they use the surrounding environment to control heat, humidity and air quality, which is both effi-cient and less expensive. In closed systems, no air exchange exists. Temperature, humidity and air quality is controlled from inside the room. Benefits of sealed rooms include more precise control, a higher quality of air and a lower risk of infestation. In choosing which is right for you, understand that the start-up costs of running a sealed room are higher and, depending on the type of setup, more expensive to run.

Indoor gardening requires creating an environment that is an improvement of what is found in nature. Through the process of replication, we provide similar environments to what the plant is genetically programmed to respond to. Consider air quality and oxygenation of the root zone. Plants grown indoors are fed levels of C02 that are rarely found in nature. Similarly, no natural occurring environments provide a plant root system with an enclosed area of highly oxygenated solution balanced with the highest quality fertilizers and growth derivatives found on earth. Heat is the first and foremost challenge that must be addressed to run a successful garden. In general, the more watts you use, the more parabolic

aluminized reflector (PAR) lighting you are feeding your plants, which should increase the quality and yield of your garden. The more watts you use, the more heat you’ll add to your garden, which needs to be removed to maintain a controlled environment for growing Cannabis -- between 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

Here’s where things get puzzling. A successful garden also needs to maintain tempered humidity levels and adding in wattage generally decreases humidity and most methods for controlling heat also removes humidity. You can see the balancing act going on between adding in as much wattage as possible, providing a substantial cooling mecha-nism to evacuate excessive heat and ensuring that humidity levels stay consistent day and night.

Let’s assume for a moment that the above puzzle is assembled, but you can’t forget that Cannabis is a photosensitive plant. At least half its day in bloom is spent in darkness. This is significant because without the wattage and warmth provided from running the lights during the day, temperatures decrease. Lower air temperature means the air holds less water vapor and so humidity rises as temperatures drop. This too, must be accounted for to create a successful medical-quality crop free from pest and disease. The two systems essentially differ in the fundamental approach to controlling these factors. If your garden is small and uses 400 watts or less, consider yourself lucky. It’s likely the existing aux-iliary conditions and your garden are working in harmony. The ambient daytime temperatures are properly augmented when the lights are on, bringing the temperatures up to the ideal range. At this range, humidity usually is within the proper range, if not a bit low when plants are smaller. At night, the number of plants and total bio mass that generally grows under this wattage isn’t substantial enough to create levels of humidity that can’t be managed by using a simple oscillating fan. It is one of the biggest fallacies in gardening that simply replicating your existing setup to accommodate more plants will work. Larger gar-dens create more overall heat and water buildup, and the domino effect from the puzzle described above can spiral you right into disaster -- hot dry days and average or cool, damp nights. This speaks volumes of the benefits of running lighter wattage. I’ve seen some incredibly successful gardens come from nothing more than tightly placed CFL’s and desk top fans.

growing environment is the most important factor in maximizing your plant’s potential

Feng shui the right way

Other elements of your garden become irrelevant if your space is not dialed in to create a consistent environment capable of adjusting. I recommend applying

200 to 250 CFM’s per 1,000 watts, spaced at least one fan per three lights.


For gardens using 600 watts or more, the heat produced likely will need to be accounted for in one or more ways. To start, you can choose an air-cooled lighting fixture. In these fixtures, the hood is fitted with a duct and a glass lens so the interior of the hood is a highly reflective, sealed environment with the lamp inside. As the lamp heats up, a gardener can apply a fan to the hood duct to blow large volumes of air over the lamp and out the ducting on the other side, carrying with it a large amount of the heat the lamp generates. This ducting can then be run to an exhaust outside the garden, effec-tively scrubbing up to 80 percent or more of the heat generated by the lamp -- depending on the watts, hood, efficiency of the duct run and the CFM’s supplied originally by the fan. Inline fans are measured according to the number of CFM’s (cubic feet per minute) they move. Generally, I recommend applying 200 to 250 CFM’s per 1,000 watts, spaced at least one fan per three lights. I find it’s better when making choices regarding how you want to cool to go with more air, larger ducting and more efficiency. It’s possible you’ll go overboard, but unlikely. Getting this part correct and having cool running hoods with tops that are never too warm to the touch will ensure that your plants can use the highest number of the watts you feed them. If you are running an open system, you might choose to draw the air that cools your lights from inside the garden instead of connecting the light’s air intake to an area outside your garden. I do not recommend doing that because it all but eliminates the possibility of effectively infusing CO2 into your garden and can make humidity control almost impossible. Even with air-cooled lights, and especially for hoods without glass between the lamp and the plant -- which maxi-mize the lumen outputs by upward of 20 percent com-pared to passing the beam through glass -- more cooling might be required. In open systems, this excessive heat can be evacuated through an exhaust system. An exhaust system pushes air out just like the exhaust on a car. Exhaust systems for indoor gardens

need to provide powerful levels of air flow and account for the potent Cannabis odor that these large levels of air evacuate outside the building. To account for the smell, an entire industry is dedicated to manufacturing carbon filters that scrub the odor from all that air. To go along with these filters are inline fans, coming in a variety of shapes and colors. The carbon filter needs to be replaced every few rounds, depend-

ing on your setup and your strain selection -- stronger-smelling strains cause filters to need replacement more frequently. Also, the filter will bring your CFM’s down. The idea with this mech-anism is that when too much heat builds up, a temperature probe reads this level and turns on the exhaust fan and filter. When this happens, a negative pressure will be created in the room because

the fan is sucking air from inside the room and dumping it outside. This negative pressure will be alleviated through the path of least resistance. If you don’t provide a path for air to come in, the air will be pulled in from every seam, crack, window and door surrounding your room. If you’re in a base-ment and have enough pressure, you’ll pull water through the concrete and potentially cause damage, so it’s critical that you deal with this negative pressure. Fortunately, it’s easy to deal with negative pressure. Depending on how much air you are pulling, your intake can be as simple as hole fitted with a stocking for a filter. For more substantial air movement, your intake might be another inline fan pushing air into your garden from an outside source,

but never at more than 60 per-cent of the rate of exhaust to ensure that negative pressure and efficient air exchange occurs. When introducing air into your indoor garden, you need to control and treat the air. I recommend using a HEPA filter treatment for any air you’re bringing in. The cost of the HEPA filter can be

easily justified by the losses caused by powdery mildew and other diseases you will be avoiding. Be aware of the temperature and humidity of that air. Introducing this exterior air will likely be the

IndoorKeep heat between 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit using as much wattage as possible, while evacuating excessive heat and ensuring that humidity levels stay consistent day andnight. 400 WattsHumidity is usually within the proper range. At night, levels humidity can be managed with a simple oscillating fan.

600 Watts Account for excess heat from wattage using air-cooled lighting fixtures. Apply a fan to the lamp’s hood duct to blow out heat through an exhaust. This can help remove 80 percent or more of heat generated by lamps. Apply 200 to 250 cubic feet per minute of fans per 1,000 watts, spaced at least one fan per three lights. Us carbon filters to scrub odor from air exiting the exhaust. Consider installing a HEPA filter treatment for any air entering the garden to avoid mildew and other diseases.

Quick Tips

CONTINUED NEXT PAGE

An entire industry is dedicated to manufacturing carbon �lters that scrub the odor from all that air.


growtech

�e No. 1 concern is generally humidity, which can often spike in the dark period.

growtech


BY DR. SCANDERSON FOR NORTHWEST LEAF

main component in cooling your garden in an open system and controlling humidity at night. The cooler the temperature and dryer the air, the easier it is to run your garden efficiently. Warmer intake just means your garden will take longer to cool down. Damper air means controlling humidity in the evening might require supplemental heating.

To determine the number of CFM’s it will take to cool your garden, determine the amount of time you want to exchange all the air in your room. Depending on the temperature of the air you bring in, I recommend as little as 30 seconds and never more than two min-utes. To determine the time you want, you have to determine its cubic feet, which is accomplished by multiplying the length of your room by its width then by the height. A room 10 feet long, 5 feet wide and 8 feet high is 400 cubic feet. Assuming that the filter and duct-ing attached to the fan decreases efficiency by 15 percent to 20 percent, select a fan that will move 400 cubic feet once per desired time interval. For example, if you find that your intake air temperature is, on average, 10 degrees lower than the temperature you want to run your garden at when the lights are on, you probably only need to exchange the entire volume of air in your room once every minute or so. If you find a fan that delivers 450 CFS’s, then you’re set. The final efficiency of the fan should be around 360 to 400 -- after deducting 15 percent to 20 percent for the filter and ducting runs. That means it moves 360 to 400 cubic feet of air every minute and therefore should change out all the hot air in your garden with fresh cooler air in about one minute. This system needs to evacuate heat, but remember that the longer it takes for the system to accomplish that the higher the likelihood is that humidity will fluctuate. If it takes your system 15 minutes to cool off, it’s replacing a huge amount of air. Depending on the quality of that new air, you might be pulling humidity down rather quickly while temperatures are falling. By the time the sys-tem brings the temperature back into range, the humidity has been out of line for the majority of the time and now is too low. It might be the case that the system will need to turn back on to evacuate more heat before the plants’ natural systems of transpiration infuse the surrounding air with adequate water vapor. Here’s where it can get dizzying. Without enough moisture in the air, the plants have to work extra hard at staying properly hydrated and growth rates slow, further decreasing the amount of water in the air. That will increase the heat that needs to be evacuated even more frequently, making it almost impossible for the plants to produce enough water to support themselves.

It’s for that and many other reasons that it’s impor-tant to choose adequately sized and powered fans and ducting, use efficient runs free from 90- degree bends, and use lots of quality ducting tape and duct collars or zip ties to ensure everything is tightly sealed. Choose hard ducting in place of flex-ible, when possible. Even with the best choices for ducting, it’s possible your garden will need supple-mental humidity, especially at the start and very end of bloom. This can be accomplished by several methods, including adding buckets of water spaced throughout your garden to humidifiers combined with a timer. Controlling humidity at night in an open system is usually fairly easy. While most people run their lights at night to take advantage of the cooler ambient temperatures at night, daytime temperatures here in the Northwest rarely reach levels where

ambient daytime heat for indoor gardens in a dark cycle is an issue. As a result, the No. 1 concern is generally humidity, which can often spike in the dark period. This happens be-cause a significant amount of transpiration can occur during the dark period and because the lower air temperature of the

dark period contains less water vapor. Humidity in the dark period can be a nightmare if not addressed. Simple passive intake and exhaust is usually adequate to evacuate this humidity. In circumstances where the system isn’t properly dealing with the humidity or needs to run for too long or too frequently in order to maintain the range, adding in a forced air heater brings the night temperatures up and infuses the room with the generated dry air -- both of which to lower humidity. Be certain that any light that your heater emits can be covered completely if you intend to run it in bloom. Even in open systems, assuming you are running air-cooled lights, it’s likely that you will need to add in an air conditioner when you run more than 2,000 watts. If you plan to run 4,000 or more air-cooled lights, I recommend you not mess around and get a ductless mini split air conditioner. Not only are they more efficient, cheaper to run and effective to use, but if you are running more than 4,000 watts, have heat problems and are not producing enough to justify the higher upfront costs, go back to the drawing board if you’re unhappy with your results.

Outfitting the garden with

ionic humidifiers with an

internal humidistat or have

them integrated into the

environmental controller(s)

is often a necessary step.

It’s important to choose

adequately sized and

powered fans and ducting,

use efficient runs free from

90-degree bends, and ensure

everything is tightly sealed.

> > g u i d e C o n t i n u e d f r o m P. 7 3

�e water collected by both your dehumidi�ers AND your air conditioner is the very best water I can �nd.


If you have questions about controlling your environment in an open

To see both open and sealed gardens on display, visit Youtube.com/DrScandersonGt >> As always, Happy Gardening!!!

Closed systems handle heat a little differently. You need air conditioning. Then you need to add some more air conditioning and lastly, a closed system needs … just a little more air conditioning. I like to run 5,000 to 6,000 BTU’s of industrial ductless mini split per 1,000 watts of nonair cooled lights. Keep in mind that this figure at least doubles for portable or window units because they are that much less efficient in my experience. For lights being cooled according to the recommendations above, I find myself getting away with half that. Using these levels as opposed to just a little bit less allows significantly more control over your environ-ment by providing enough cooling to lower the temperatures, not just remove all the heat your room produces. If you take the time to set up a closed system and don’t provide adequate air conditioning, (insert “South Park” ski instructor voice here) you’re gonna have a bad time. Sounds simple enough, but these units are expensive and often need to be installed by a licensed professional. These extra upfront costs, and the more advanced levels of equipment and experience needed, paired with fact that most gardens don’t need closed systems to perform, makes setting up closed systems often a second choice. Lastly in closed systems, the “simple” solution of trading BTU’s of heat for A/C carries with it the property of drying the air out, often significantly. While closed systems often have the problem of too much humidity, it’s not uncommon throughout different stages of the plant’s life for humidity to fall slightly below ideal levels when heat is at its highest. Outfitting the garden with ionic humidi-fiers with an internal humidistat or have them integrated into the environmental controller(s) is often a necessary step.

For those willing to brave the additional resources required and who find themselves on the other side with sufficient cooling, all that’s left is dealing with excessive humidity. Many of the higher end mini split units also include heating features which, if your room is small enough, might allow the entirety of the humidity spike that occurs in a sealed room during the dark period to be absorbed without the humid-ity falling out of range. In most cases, however, heating is not sufficient and a nighttime-only de-humidifier fitted with a continuous drain feature is likely required to control humidity in the dark period. Many environmental controllers will offer a nighttime feature that either reads the light timers or has a photosensitive cell that allows operation of a desired piece of equipment to be turned on or off based on the lighting period. This feature is perfect for controlling the higher levels of humidity that occur during the cooler tem-peratures of the dark period. If your intention is to use this feature of your primary environmental con-troller, select from the few available dehumidifiers that offer analog controls. Most provide only digital controls. The problem is that buttons need to be pressed on the digital units upon power up for the dehumidification start. Because you are relying on your controller to turn on and off your dehumidifier, it must be able to be left in the “on” position, a feature nicely covered with analog controls.

Lastly, don’t underestimate the amount of water the unit might need to remove from the air each dark period. Depending on the size plants you intend on growing, I feel it’s safe to estimate a quarter to a half gallon of water per dark cycle per plant in deter-mining the total volume of water you’ll be evacuat-ing daily. The continuous drain feature allows you to direct the collected water where you choose.

And speaking of continuous drain features, I HIGHLY recommend you take advantage of what some researchers report on plants ability to transpire 97% of the total volume of moisture they absorb. This is especially easy in a sealed room as the gardener alone is entirely responsible for removing the moisture from the air, assisted only by the heat the lights generate. What this means is that the same calculation for total water collected

daily can also be applied, if not increased slightly during the day light period as collected by any ductless mini split air con-ditioner, yet another benefit. All the water collected by both your dehumidifiers AND your air conditioner is the very best water I can find. Not only has it been through nature’s

most perfect filtration system, a plant, it again was collected through condensation, technically reverse osmosis, and is now available to you. The water I collect from ac and dehumidifiers is consistently lower in PPM’s then that which I get through my five stage RO filter and is enough to supply the entirety of the water needed to both top off my flower reservoir until a full nutrient change AND supply all the water, both initially and daily for veg; talk about efficiency!!! That means it takes only about 500 -700 gallons of water TOTAL (clone to harvest) per 10-12lbs of dried medication. How fun is it trying to INCREASE grams per watt and DECREASE gallons per gram? REAL FUN!!!!

IF YOU TAKE THE TIME TO SET UP A CLOSED SYSTEM

(insert “South Park” ski instructor voice here)


GROWING ENVIRONMENT


�e No. 1 concern is generally humidity, which can often spike in the dark period.

growtech


BY DR. SCANDERSON FOR NORTHWEST LEAF

main component in cooling your garden in an open system and controlling humidity at night. The cooler the temperature and dryer the air, the easier it is to run your garden efficiently. Warmer intake just means your garden will take longer to cool down. Damper air means controlling humidity in the evening might require supplemental heating.

To determine the number of CFM’s it will take to cool your garden, determine the amount of time you want to exchange all the air in your room. Depending on the temperature of the air you bring in, I recommend as little as 30 seconds and never more than two min-utes. To determine the time you want, you have to determine its cubic feet, which is accomplished by multiplying the length of your room by its width then by the height. A room 10 feet long, 5 feet wide and 8 feet high is 400 cubic feet. Assuming that the filter and duct-ing attached to the fan decreases efficiency by 15 percent to 20 percent, select a fan that will move 400 cubic feet once per desired time interval. For example, if you find that your intake air temperature is, on average, 10 degrees lower than the temperature you want to run your garden at when the lights are on, you probably only need to exchange the entire volume of air in your room once every minute or so. If you find a fan that delivers 450 CFS’s, then you’re set. The final efficiency of the fan should be around 360 to 400 -- after deducting 15 percent to 20 percent for the filter and ducting runs. That means it moves 360 to 400 cubic feet of air every minute and therefore should change out all the hot air in your garden with fresh cooler air in about one minute. This system needs to evacuate heat, but remember that the longer it takes for the system to accomplish that the higher the likelihood is that humidity will fluctuate. If it takes your system 15 minutes to cool off, it’s replacing a huge amount of air. Depending on the quality of that new air, you might be pulling humidity down rather quickly while temperatures are falling. By the time the sys-tem brings the temperature back into range, the humidity has been out of line for the majority of the time and now is too low. It might be the case that the system will need to turn back on to evacuate more heat before the plants’ natural systems of transpiration infuse the surrounding air with adequate water vapor. Here’s where it can get dizzying. Without enough moisture in the air, the plants have to work extra hard at staying properly hydrated and growth rates slow, further decreasing the amount of water in the air. That will increase the heat that needs to be evacuated even more frequently, making it almost impossible for the plants to produce enough water to support themselves.

It’s for that and many other reasons that it’s impor-tant to choose adequately sized and powered fans and ducting, use efficient runs free from 90- degree bends, and use lots of quality ducting tape and duct collars or zip ties to ensure everything is tightly sealed. Choose hard ducting in place of flex-ible, when possible. Even with the best choices for ducting, it’s possible your garden will need supple-mental humidity, especially at the start and very end of bloom. This can be accomplished by several methods, including adding buckets of water spaced throughout your garden to humidifiers combined with a timer. Controlling humidity at night in an open system is usually fairly easy. While most people run their lights at night to take advantage of the cooler ambient temperatures at night, daytime temperatures here in the Northwest rarely reach levels where

ambient daytime heat for indoor gardens in a dark cycle is an issue. As a result, the No. 1 concern is generally humidity, which can often spike in the dark period. This happens be-cause a significant amount of transpiration can occur during the dark period and because the lower air temperature of the

dark period contains less water vapor. Humidity in the dark period can be a nightmare if not addressed. Simple passive intake and exhaust is usually adequate to evacuate this humidity. In circumstances where the system isn’t properly dealing with the humidity or needs to run for too long or too frequently in order to maintain the range, adding in a forced air heater brings the night temperatures up and infuses the room with the generated dry air -- both of which to lower humidity. Be certain that any light that your heater emits can be covered completely if you intend to run it in bloom. Even in open systems, assuming you are running air-cooled lights, it’s likely that you will need to add in an air conditioner when you run more than 2,000 watts. If you plan to run 4,000 or more air-cooled lights, I recommend you not mess around and get a ductless mini split air conditioner. Not only are they more efficient, cheaper to run and effective to use, but if you are running more than 4,000 watts, have heat problems and are not producing enough to justify the higher upfront costs, go back to the drawing board if you’re unhappy with your results.

Outfitting the garden with

ionic humidifiers with an

internal humidistat or have

them integrated into the

environmental controller(s)

is often a necessary step.

It’s important to choose

adequately sized and

powered fans and ducting,

use efficient runs free from

90-degree bends, and ensure

everything is tightly sealed.

> > g u i d e C o n t i n u e d f r o m P. 7 3

�e water collected by both your dehumidi�ers AND your air conditioner is the very best water I can �nd.


If you have questions about controlling your environment in an open

To see both open and sealed gardens on display, visit Youtube.com/DrScandersonGt >> As always, Happy Gardening!!!

Closed systems handle heat a little differently. You need air conditioning. Then you need to add some more air conditioning and lastly, a closed system needs … just a little more air conditioning. I like to run 5,000 to 6,000 BTU’s of industrial ductless mini split per 1,000 watts of nonair cooled lights. Keep in mind that this figure at least doubles for portable or window units because they are that much less efficient in my experience. For lights being cooled according to the recommendations above, I find myself getting away with half that. Using these levels as opposed to just a little bit less allows significantly more control over your environ-ment by providing enough cooling to lower the temperatures, not just remove all the heat your room produces. If you take the time to set up a closed system and don’t provide adequate air conditioning, (insert “South Park” ski instructor voice here) you’re gonna have a bad time. Sounds simple enough, but these units are expensive and often need to be installed by a licensed professional. These extra upfront costs, and the more advanced levels of equipment and experience needed, paired with fact that most gardens don’t need closed systems to perform, makes setting up closed systems often a second choice. Lastly in closed systems, the “simple” solution of trading BTU’s of heat for A/C carries with it the property of drying the air out, often significantly. While closed systems often have the problem of too much humidity, it’s not uncommon throughout different stages of the plant’s life for humidity to fall slightly below ideal levels when heat is at its highest. Outfitting the garden with ionic humidi-fiers with an internal humidistat or have them integrated into the environmental controller(s) is often a necessary step.

For those willing to brave the additional resources required and who find themselves on the other side with sufficient cooling, all that’s left is dealing with excessive humidity. Many of the higher end mini split units also include heating features which, if your room is small enough, might allow the entirety of the humidity spike that occurs in a sealed room during the dark period to be absorbed without the humid-ity falling out of range. In most cases, however, heating is not sufficient and a nighttime-only de-humidifier fitted with a continuous drain feature is likely required to control humidity in the dark period. Many environmental controllers will offer a nighttime feature that either reads the light timers or has a photosensitive cell that allows operation of a desired piece of equipment to be turned on or off based on the lighting period. This feature is perfect for controlling the higher levels of humidity that occur during the cooler tem-peratures of the dark period. If your intention is to use this feature of your primary environmental con-troller, select from the few available dehumidifiers that offer analog controls. Most provide only digital controls. The problem is that buttons need to be pressed on the digital units upon power up for the dehumidification start. Because you are relying on your controller to turn on and off your dehumidifier, it must be able to be left in the “on” position, a feature nicely covered with analog controls.

Lastly, don’t underestimate the amount of water the unit might need to remove from the air each dark period. Depending on the size plants you intend on growing, I feel it’s safe to estimate a quarter to a half gallon of water per dark cycle per plant in deter-mining the total volume of water you’ll be evacuat-ing daily. The continuous drain feature allows you to direct the collected water where you choose.

And speaking of continuous drain features, I HIGHLY recommend you take advantage of what some researchers report on plants ability to transpire 97% of the total volume of moisture they absorb. This is especially easy in a sealed room as the gardener alone is entirely responsible for removing the moisture from the air, assisted only by the heat the lights generate. What this means is that the same calculation for total water collected

daily can also be applied, if not increased slightly during the day light period as collected by any ductless mini split air con-ditioner, yet another benefit. All the water collected by both your dehumidifiers AND your air conditioner is the very best water I can find. Not only has it been through nature’s

most perfect filtration system, a plant, it again was collected through condensation, technically reverse osmosis, and is now available to you. The water I collect from ac and dehumidifiers is consistently lower in PPM’s then that which I get through my five stage RO filter and is enough to supply the entirety of the water needed to both top off my flower reservoir until a full nutrient change AND supply all the water, both initially and daily for veg; talk about efficiency!!! That means it takes only about 500 -700 gallons of water TOTAL (clone to harvest) per 10-12lbs of dried medication. How fun is it trying to INCREASE grams per watt and DECREASE gallons per gram? REAL FUN!!!!

IF YOU TAKE THE TIME TO SET UP A CLOSED SYSTEM

(insert “South Park” ski instructor voice here)

GROWING ENVIRONMENT

62/ June 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

BEHIND THE STRAIN

KEN’S PHANTOM

As seconds turn into fourths and fifths, I feel a deep and contemplative confusion set in.


DR. SCANDERSON

Drop me a [email protected]

Watch a videoYoutube.com/DrScandersonGt

HOW IT GROWSwith the vigor and speed of cherry Pie, but with added gender stability, the Phantom is a relatively easy plant to grow. A medium bushy plant, her easy-to-groom structure isn’t too short and squat but also not lanky or stretchy. The Phantom responds extremely well to topping, producing even branching and uniform structure. She can be a heavy feeder and produces rigid, woody stems that are most successfully super cropped in veg. Very little stretch when transitioning to flower makes her easy to manage and makes for longer veg times to increase yield. She turns completely purple without response to temperature, producing dense medium-size spear-shaped kolas almost impossibly encrusted with salt-grain-size resin glands. Give an extra two to four days for drying and a minimum of an extra week for curing the flowers because of the density and resin content.

EFFECTSmy eyes swell for a moment before giving way to gentle message of my temples. A euphoric calm passes over me as I feel my body relax into my desk chair. Time slows a wee bit as I nod my head to melodic music, which quickly becomes the center of my focus. The Phantom leaves its patients pain-free and mildly sedated and is best for this writer in the evenings. As seconds turn into fourths and fifths, I definitely feel a deep and contemplative confusion set in. I find myself wondering what I was wondering about in a sort of spaced-out place where my thoughts almost ... I’m sorry I wasn’t listening.

The phantom’s appeal is off the charts. Plump, purple flowers are complemented by bright orange hairs that abound each calyx. This medication is a purple lover’s dream -- and that’s before cracking the jar. The aromas of sweet cherry and currant and fresh marionberry pound the nose instantly, giving way to the relaxing scent of grape and Hawaiian Punch. The smoke offers a smooth, mildly expansive, citrus-sweet inhale that calmly tickles the bottom of my lungs before rushing out on a bed of spiced grape Skittles and a lingering dark berry, danky aftertaste.

BAG APPEAL & SMOKE REPORT

aka Pink Champagneaka Raspberry Kushaka Wow Kush

GENETICS: GRANDDADDY PURPLE X CHERRY PIE

BREEDER: KEN ESTES

SUMMARY: Ken’s Phantom is effective, beautiful and something everyone needs to experience. Expert selection and breeder knowledge is clearly demonstrated in this marvelous plant.

LINEAGELegendary breeder Ken Estes created a wonderfully stable and potent cross. The precise balance that makes up this medicine is a distinctive cross of the famed Bay Area Cherry Pie clone and the legendary Grandaddy Purps. This treasure offers potent, purple and pink blooms of the highest order.

oregon leaf — june 2015

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