Oregon’s Environmental Health

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Water Quality Measures

Jennifer Wigal

WQ KPMs Over the Years

KPM Targets

20% 2% 55%

% Sites with Improving Water Quality Trend % Sites with Declining

Water Quality Trend % Sites in Excellent or Good Condition

30% 9% 50%2018OWQI

KPM Targets

Increasing WQ Trend Stations

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149

120

1981-90 1991-00 2009-18

Stations are added:- to increase coverage- from increased funding

When can trending start?- 30 samples collect

In 2018, four new stations became eligible for trend analysis

Changes in Trend

Improving Site:

Rhea Creek at Morter Rd.

Score: 60Status: PoorTrend: 12.1

Declining Site:

Calapooia River at Queens Rd.

Score: 77Status: PoorTrend: -4.92

Temp.

pH

DO BOD TS

N

P

Bact. Temp. pH DO BOD

TS

N P Bact.

2018 Integrated Report - Achievements

Migrated to NHD

framework

Successful call for data

Automated QA/QC and assessment

process

Assessed 7.5 million data

points

Received data from 75+ orgs

2018 Integrated Report - Preliminary Results

30%

21%

7%

67%

30%

Waters of the StateAssessed in 2018 IR

Rivers & Streams

Estuaries

Watersheds

Coastal

Lakes23%

Clean Water & Drinking Water SRFs

State Revolving Funds are federal-state partnerships to provide below-market financing for water quality infrastructure.

SRF programs were authorized by Congress in 1987 as part of the Clean Water Act.

SRF programs report project types, cost and locations to EPA.

ECOS aggregates this data to show trends and indicate how states are protecting public health and the environment

Wastewater & Stormwater Investments

2014 2015 2017 20182016

191188

186197

206

$0.5 B

$1.0 B

$1.5 B

10-year CumulativeSpending and Projects Funded

Drinking Water Investments

2014 2015 2017 20182016

$400 M77 80

103

127152

$500 M

$300 M

$200 M

$100 M

10-year CumulativeSpending and Projects Funded

SRF Prepared for ChallengesEconomic Downturn Climate Change Permit Backlog

Fewer large projects

SRF loans are flexible enough for small projects and innovative ideas

Too much or too little rain and snow

SRF loans cover resiliency planning, green infrastructure and projects to conserve water, including irrigation modernization

A rapid increase may consume CWSRF staff resources

CWSRF has fund capacity to offer more loans

Questions?

Air Quality Measures

Ali Mirzakhalili

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Federal Air Quality Standards “Criteria Pollutants”

Carbon Monoxide, Ozone (smog), Particulate Matter,

Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide

Federal Hazardous Air Pollutants

(187)

Oregon Ambient Benchmark

Concentrations (55)

Air Toxics Lead

Cleaner Air Oregon Risk Based Concentrations

(650)

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• Renewable fuels• GHG Reporting• Plant Site Emission Limits

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Programs addressing criteria pollutants• Vehicle Inspection Program

(CO, O3)

• HeatSmart (PM)

• Federal low sulfur fuel (SO2)

• Regional Haze (SO2, NOx, PM, O3)

• Smoke management (PM, O3, etc)

• Infrastructure, transportation

• Partner with local communities

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Portland- Portland

-100%

-75%

-50%

-25%

0%

25%

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Criteria Pollutants compared to the NAAQS (Hillsboro PM2.5, Portland Ozone, CO)

PM2.5 P98V PM2.5 WTDAM O3 MAX 4V CO Max 2V

Recent NAAQS Standards

-100%

-75%

-50%

-25%

0%

25%

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Criteria Pollutants compared to the NAAQS (Hillsboro PM2.5, Portland Ozone, CO)

PM2.5 P98V PM2.5 WTDAM O3 MAX 4V CO Max 2V

Recent NAAQS Standards

Progress meeting federal air quality standards

PM10 standards

reached

PM2.5 violation

areas

Exceeding PM2.5

standard but no

official violation

PM2.5 areas

of concern

Portland

Oakridge

Salem

Eugene-Springfield

Grants Pass

Medford-Ashland

Klamath Falls

Lakeview

La Grande

Burns

Prineville

Ozone areas

of concern

Hermiston

Ozone

standards

reached

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AQI AQI

Nu

mb

er

of

Day

sN

um

be

r o

f D

ays

Number of unhealthy air days (AQI)

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21 6 1

58

171 165

0

50

100

150

200

250

2015 2016 2017 2018

AQI greater than 150

226 47

21

122

144133

0

50

100

150

200

250

2015 2016 2017 2018

TOTAL UNHEALTHY FROM FOREST FIRES

TOTAL UNHEALTHY NOT FOREST FIRES

AQI from 101 to 150

Moderate

…

Nu

mb

er

of

Day

sN

um

be

r o

f D

ays

Number of unhealthy

air days (AQI)

22

21 6 1

58

171 165

0

50

100

150

200

250

2015 2016 2017 2018

AQI greater than 150

22 6 47 21

122144

133

0

50

100

150

200

250

2015 2016 2017 2018

Unhealthy air days for sensitive

groups: AQI from 101 to 150

AQI from 101 to 150

Moderate

… Unhealthy air days for all groups:

AQI greater than 150

Air Toxics Trends in Larger Communities – Portland23

Air Toxics Trends in Smaller Communities – La Grande

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25

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Economic Indicators versus Emissions of Common Pollutants

Percent Change in State GDP (from 1997) Percent Change in Population

Percent Change in VMT Percent Change in Common Pollutant

B

A

A. The 2002 Biscuit Fire burned 780 sq. miles and is the largest wildfire in recorded history of Oregon. Wildfires was broken out of Miscellaneous into a separate grouping in NEI.

B. Prescribed fires broken out of Miscellaneous into separate grouping in NEI.

Breakdown of Oregon NEI data used for trend analysis

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041

Ton

s p

er

year

Emission Inventory

ORS 468A.793 Goal

Projected

Diesel Fine Particulate Emissions in Oregon

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Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenge Opportunity

Federal rule rollbacks • Update, affirm, state level rules andpolicies

Nonattainment areas (PM, O3)

Benchmarks not met (diesel PM, air toxics, etc)

• Maintain control programs (VIP, HeatSmart, Regional Haze, Smoke Mgmt, Education & Outreach, community firewood programs)

• VIP fee increase• PM Advance, Ozone Advance• Diesel PM: VW mitigation funds, clean

construction standards• Cleaner Air Oregon

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Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenge Opportunity

Updates in scienceUpdates in monitoring

• Update models and analyses, such as PATS• How to get communities access to reasonably

valid, community-collected data?

Increasing forest fires (O3, PM, public health impacts)

• Forest management (smoke management)• Biomass conversion (clean fuels, pellet fuel)

Increasing pollution complaints

• Process improvement

Questions?

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Greenhouse GasMeasures

Lydia EmerAli Mirzakhalili

Oregon 2015 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Sector-based Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Projections and Goalsm

illio

n m

etri

c to

ns

of

carb

on

dio

xid

e e

qu

ival

ent

33

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Mil

lion

Met

ric

TO

ns

of

Carb

on

Dio

xid

e E

qu

ivale

nt

2020 goal

51 million

MTCO2e

2050 goal

14 million

MTCO2e

Inventoried emissions

1990-2017 2017 emissions

64.56 Million

MTCO2eProjected emissions with current

policies Agriculture

Industrial

Residential & Commercial

Electricity

Transportation

Oregon 2015 Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Oregon 2005-2015 Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Total 79.6 Total 80.2Total 88.7

Sums of categories may not exactly equal totals due to rounding

34.5 33.8 36.5

13.5 17.223.1

19.5 19.319.6

12 9.89.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2005 2010 2015

mill

ion

met

ric

ton

s C

O2

e

Materials Services Fuels (direct purchases) Electricity (direct purchases)

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56.1

50.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

mill

ion

met

ric

ton

s C

O2

eSector-Based and Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Inventory

Comparison

Sector-Based 10% below 1990 sector-based emissions

Consumption-Based 10% below 1990 consumption-based emissions

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Examples of Air Quality Programs:• Greenhouse Gas Reporting• Clean Fuels Program• Low Emission Vehicle and Zero Emission Vehicle Programs• Oregon Clean Vehicle Rebate Program

Examples of Materials Management projects:• Carbon and built environment (e.g., concrete industry partnership)• Preventing wasting of food• Industry technical assistance• Recycling

DEQ actions on GHG emissions, other influences in the state

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• Skepticism that Oregon’s mitigation efforts would impact global emissions

• Uncertain impacts of mitigation efforts on the economy• Forest carbon accounting• Short Lived Climate Pollutants• Current legislation • Lack of widespread familiarity with consumption-based emissions and

potential responses• Rebound effects• “Dashboard” opportunity for goals

Challenges, opportunities in reducing GHG emissions

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Questions?

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Land Quality Measures

Lydia Emer

Materials Management:

Key performance measures, past, present and future

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Under the 2050 Vision, we study not just waste, but impacts

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… and go beyond waste to the whole materials life cycle

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Our official key performance measures are still in traditional terms

In recent years, generation has tracked economic activity

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Recovery rate has been affected by marketplace changes

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GHG emissions show solid waste and recovery don’t tell the whole story.

Challenges and opportunities:

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• Create measurements that reflect the whole materials life cycle

• And all the strategies for reducing impacts.

Underground Storage Tank Program

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Gas Stations60%

WholesaleRetail15%

Non-retail25%

Includes - Government,

Transportation, Schools, Hospitals,

and some Agriculture Producers

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UST Facility Inspections2018

INSPECTIONS

501

1,807 UST Facilities

Most Common ViolationsTank leak detection

Tank corrosion protection

Piping leak detection

1 Inspection / 3 years

2018 national average 70.3%

MeasuresUST Facilities in Significant Operational Compliance Over Time

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2018

COMPLIANCE

85%8

4%

85

%

85

% 90

%

86

%

85

%

86

%

87

%

87

%

87

%

85

%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

% C

om

plia

nce

OR UST Compliance VS. National Average

Oregon National Average

941

3570

1893

611448

272 256

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

# P

roje

cts

Leaking Underground

Storage Tank Program

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7,992projects

LUST

LUST projects by

date received

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Leaking Underground

Storage Tank Program LUST

7,189 Cleanups

Completed Since 1980

89% Projects

completed

Remaining 11%• Low Priority

• Difficult to cleanup

• No responsible party

• Old – 460 pre 1990

12151138 1107

1008960

913 876 847 839 825 814

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

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Cleanups Remaining

LUST 51 confirmedreleases reported

in 2018

DEQ Completed

64 LUST

Cleanups

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Brownfield Cleanups

Environmental Cleanup

Program Identifies,

investigates, & remediates

sites contaminated with

hazardous substances.

5,500 sites in

ECSI* database

Environmental Cleanup

Site Information*

Completed 38%

Active7%

Inactive55%

Brownfield Cleanups

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Cleanups

Active

391

Projects

completed

2,129Sites tracked

in ECSI

2 2 3 1 0 03

0 1 2

5148 46

75 75

67

57 5552 54

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

57

Brownfield Cleanups CompletedState & Privately funded cleanups

EPA Grant funded cleanupsSince 2007

16,575 Acres ready for reuse

Current Annual HW Reporters Universe

515

Current Active SNCs

6

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2018 Inspections

129

99.2% 98.2% 99.5% 99.3% 99.5% 98.5% 98.7% 96.1%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Perc

en

t

Percent of RCRA Facility Inspections in Which No Significant Non-Compliance is Found

(RCRA Subtitle C)

Oregon Human Exposure

Completed

22

OregonHuman Exposure

100%

Nationally Human Exposure

Completed

94%

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Percent % of RCRA Facilities in Corrective Action with Human Exposure Under Control

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Questions?