organ and tissue as donation: what every health cheyenne ......1 organ and tissue donation: what...
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9/5/2018
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Organ and Tissue Donation:What Every Health Care Professional Should Know
Cheyenne,Heart Recipient
Alicia House, RN, BSN, CPTCOrgan Procurement Coordinator
As an Organ & Tissue Procurement Organization, we:
• Evaluate potential donors
• Discuss donation with families
• Arrange surgical removal of organs and tissue
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St. Louis
WE SERVE
4.7MILLIONPEOPLE
84COUNTIESthroughout Illinois, Missouri, & Arkansas
122HOSPITALPARTNERS
4TRANSPLANT
CENTERS
Regulatory Compliance
• The Joint Commission and CMS
– Signed agreement
– Report all deaths
– Donation must be offered to families
• Donation should be offered only by a trained requestor
– Required documentation in chart
– Death record reviews
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Tissue Donation
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One donor can
enhance over
75 lives
The Gift of Tissue Donation
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What tissue can be donated?
SKIN BONE SAPHENOUS VEIN
TENDONS & LIGAMENTS
HEART VALVES
CORNEA & SCLERA
Chris's Tissue Donation Helps His Sister Years Later
Tissue Donation
• Tissue donors can originate from any floor.• Time of Death Called to Mid America Transplant
• Family Approach by Mid America Transplant
• Recovery is performed at Mid America Transplant
• Mid America Transplant will make all the arrangements
SLCH Tissue Donation
4858
4234
19
27
2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2014 2015 2016 2017
Tissue Donors
Familys Approached
12
• 36 weeks gestation and up
• Minimum weight 6 poundsHeart Valves
• 29 days of age – 12 years
• Minimum weight 500 grams
Knee Cartilage
• 12 years of age and upBone and
Skin
• 2 years of age and upEyes
Tissue Eligibility
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Some Over Seas Travel
Hemodilution
Sepsis Lupus
Steroid Use >29 Day
Huntigton’s
Aplastic Anemia
IV Drug Use
HIV SARSSome
DrowningsRheumatoid Arthritis
Medical Rule Out’s For Tissue Donation
Organ Donation
LIVERRECIPIENT
GavinGavin received a
lifesaving liver transplant — AND A NEW BEGINNING —
in March 2015.
GavinGavin just finished his basketball season, had a great check up with his specialist this month, and is getting ready to start his soccer season.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Percent
Year
Anoxia
CV/Stroke
Head Trauma
Other
Causes of Death Among Deceased Donors
Based on data from National OPTN Data September 2017
Two Types of Donation
Donation occurs after irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory (cardiac arrest)
Vent support is withdrawn, after cardiac arrest the organs are recovered
0 to 55 years of age
Irreversible cessation of all brain function including brain stem
Heart is still beating and the donor remains on a vent until the organs are recovered
0 to 80 years of age
BRAIN DEATH DONATION
VS
DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH (DCD)
DEATH BY NEUROLOGICAL CRITERIA
• Coma with known cause
• Absence of brainstem reflexes
• Apnea (no respirations)
• Normothermic
• No CNS depressant drugs
• No severe electrolytes, acid‐base, endocrine abnormalities
• Normal BP
Establishing Brain Death
– Bedside clinical exam• 2 Exams• 6-48 hours apart
depending on age
– Apnea test
– May use confirmatory test
• CBF• EEG
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DCD Donation‐ The Other Option
• Donation option for patients who do not meet brain death criteria
• Illness or injury has caused an non‐recoverable, neurological or physiological devastation resulting in ventilator dependency
• Family is making end of life decisions
• Gives Family the opportunity to donate in cases where brain death does not occur
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Why Are Their Fewer DCD Donors?
More Selective Criteria
• Only offered to those <55y/o
• Can be ruled out by PMH, current labs, or weight
Warm Ischemic Time
• The amount of time that an organ remains at body temperature after its blood supply has been stopped or reduced
Family Emotions
• Withdrawal of support done in an OR setting
Organ Donation Exclusions
Consider all patients for possible organ donation. Allow Mid‐America Transplant staff
to rule out patients.
Some Cancers within past 5
yearsTuberculosis
Viral Meningitis
Multisystem Organ Failure
<32 Weeks Gestational
Age<500 Grams
Organ DonationHow You Can Help
• Recognize the potential organ donor.
• Do Not Extubate or stop blood pressure support before referring to Mid‐America Transplant.
• Do not mention or approach for donation.
314‐367‐6767 or 1‐800‐87‐DONOR
Referral Triggers
CLINICAL CUES
Vent dependent with GCS<5
DNR/de‐escalation of care
Discussion of withdrawing support
CALL THE DONOR REFERRAL HOTLINE
Any mention of potential Brain Death Exams
Key Phrases
“Withdrawing Support”
“Devastating Neuro Injury”
“Non-Survivable
Injuries”“Brain Death
Exams”
“Donation”
When Should the Family Be Approached?
• After death (brain death) is understood by the family
• After the family has made a decision to withdraw support
• After a thorough screening by Mid‐America Transplant to determine eligibility
PLEASE WAIT FOR MID AMERICA TRANSPLANT FAMILY SUPPORT
COORDINATOR FOR ANY DONATION DISCUSSIONS
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After receiving a lung transplant.
Meet Mikayla
The Donation Process
The DCD Donor
• Patient remains under the care of the attending physician
– Supportive care continues to maintain optimal organ function
• Medications
• Labs
• Procedures
– Pain control and other comfort measures
Withdrawal• OR /PACU/ICU
– Patient is extubated, comfort care provided by medical team
– Extubation begins 60 min observation period
• If patient does not expire in 60 min, returned to room and comfort care continues
• Transplant surgeon/team and OR staff are not in the room during the withdrawal process
Donor Transport
• All tissue donors and BD organ donors are transported to Mid‐America Transplant’s facility for organ/tissue recovery
• After organ/tissue procurement the donor is transported to the ME (if autopsy planned) or the funeral home
• All transportation arrangements are made by Mid‐America Transplant
Pediatric Considerations:
We can transport and care for all pediatric donors >7kg
Autopsy and/or ME cases don’t preclude organ donation
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Mid America Transplant Facility
• First in the world to have an onsite organ and tissue OR
• Onsite Ct Scanner
• Echocardiograms
• Cardiac Cath Lab
• In House Laboratory
Benefits
• Decrease ICU time
• Cost Containment
• Less Strain On Hospital Resources
ICU Nurses as OPCs
• Transfer of unstable donors
• Advanced skill set to manage shock, ventilator, and pressors
• Clinical decisions made in timely manner
• Can manage complications and crisis situations
o Flight nurseo Resp Therapisto Xray techo Insert a‐lineo Insert central lines with USo Bronchoscopyo Liver biopsyo Lymph node dissectiono Cath lab nurseo OR nurseo Manage donor HOB in OR
Allocation How are organs allocated?
BLOOD TYPE MEDICAL URGENCY
SIZE COMPATIBILITY
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONWAIT TIME
TYPE OF ORGAN NEEDEDAGE
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• MEDICAL NEED• HOW FAR FROM DONOR
HOSPITAL
• SURVIVAL BENEFIT• MEDICAL URGENCY• WAITING TIME• DISTANCE FROM
DONOR HOSPITAL
• MEDICAL NEED• DISTANCE FROM
DONOR HOSPITAL
• WAITING TIME• DONOR/RECIPIENT
IMMUNE SYSTEM INCOMPATIBILITY
• PEDIATRIC STATUS• PRIOR LIVING DONOR• HOW FAR FROM DONOR
HOSPITAL• SURVIVAL BENEFIT
(STARTING IN 2015)
Organ RecoveryMid America Transplant
EnBloc kidneys
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ORGAN PRESERVATION TIME
Heart 4‐6 hrs
Lung 4‐6 hrs
Liver 8‐14 hrs
Pancreas 12 hrs
Kidney 24‐36 hrs
Cold Ischemic Times
A RESOURCEFOR HOPE AND HEALINGWe compassionately support thoseinvolved in the organ and tissue donation process from donor families to transplant patients.
The Aftercare Department
The Aftercare Department• Answer questions regarding the process
• Offer bereavement support and connect families with resources
• Connect families with other donor families
• Host information workshops
• Provide referrals for community and faith bases support groups and counseling services
• Scheduled mailings during the first year following donation
• Solace newsletter
• Invitations to memorial events and education programs
Candlelight Memorial
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MYTH“My family will be
charged for the cost of donation.”
FACTMid‐America Transplant pays for all additional charges that occur during the donation process
MYTH“Doctors will let me
die to take my organs.”
FACTIf you are sick or injured a doctor’s number one priority is to save your life. Donation only occurs after every effort has been made to save your life.
MYTH“I can’t have an open
casket funeral.”
FACTWhen someone becomes a donor, their appearance is unchanged.
MYTH“My religion won’t allow me to be a
donor.”
FACTAll major religions in the U.S. supportOrgan Donation.
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Thank You! Join the National Registry
registerme.org
Visit our website midamericatransplant.org