organ and tissue as donation: what every health cheyenne ......1 organ and tissue donation: what...

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9/5/2018 1 Organ and Tissue Donation: What Every Health Care Professional Should Know Cheyenne, Heart Recipient Alicia House, RN, BSN, CPTC Organ Procurement Coordinator As an Organ & Tissue Procurement Organization, we: Evaluate potential donors Discuss donation with families Arrange surgical removal of organs and tissue 2 St. Louis WE SERVE 4.7 MILLION PEOPLE 84 COUNTIES throughout Illinois, Missouri, & Arkansas 122 HOSPITAL PARTNERS 4 TRANSPLANT CENTERS Regulatory Compliance The Joint Commission and CMS Signed agreement Report all deaths Donation must be offered to families Donation should be offered only by a trained requestor Required documentation in chart Death record reviews 4 Tissue Donation 5 One donor can enhance over 75 lives The Gift of Tissue Donation

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Page 1: Organ and Tissue As Donation: What Every Health Cheyenne ......1 Organ and Tissue Donation: What Every Health Care Professional Should Know Cheyenne, Heart Recipient AliciaHouse,RN,BSN,CPTC

9/5/2018

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Organ and Tissue Donation:What Every Health Care Professional Should Know

Cheyenne,Heart Recipient

Alicia House, RN, BSN, CPTCOrgan Procurement Coordinator

As an Organ & Tissue Procurement Organization, we:

• Evaluate potential donors

• Discuss donation with families

• Arrange surgical removal of organs and tissue

2

St. Louis

WE SERVE

4.7MILLIONPEOPLE

84COUNTIESthroughout Illinois, Missouri, & Arkansas

122HOSPITALPARTNERS

4TRANSPLANT 

CENTERS 

Regulatory Compliance

• The Joint Commission and CMS

– Signed agreement

– Report all deaths

– Donation must be offered to families

• Donation should be offered only by a trained requestor

– Required documentation in chart

– Death record reviews

4

Tissue Donation

5

One donor can 

enhance over 

75 lives

The Gift of Tissue Donation

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What tissue can be donated?

SKIN BONE SAPHENOUS VEIN

TENDONS & LIGAMENTS

HEART VALVES

CORNEA & SCLERA

Chris's Tissue Donation Helps His Sister Years Later

Tissue Donation

• Tissue donors can originate from any floor.• Time of Death Called to Mid America Transplant

• Family Approach by Mid America Transplant

• Recovery is performed at Mid America Transplant

• Mid America Transplant will make all the arrangements

SLCH Tissue Donation

4858

4234

19

27

2020

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2014 2015 2016 2017

Tissue Donors

Familys Approached

12

• 36 weeks gestation and up

• Minimum weight 6 poundsHeart Valves

• 29 days of age – 12 years

• Minimum weight 500 grams

Knee Cartilage

• 12 years of age and upBone and 

Skin

• 2 years of age and upEyes

Tissue Eligibility

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Some Over Seas Travel

Hemodilution

Sepsis Lupus

Steroid Use >29 Day

Huntigton’s

Aplastic Anemia

IV Drug Use

HIV SARSSome 

DrowningsRheumatoid Arthritis

Medical Rule Out’s For Tissue Donation

Organ Donation

LIVERRECIPIENT

GavinGavin received a

lifesaving liver transplant — AND A NEW BEGINNING —

in March 2015.

GavinGavin just finished his basketball season, had a great check up with his specialist this month, and is getting ready to start his soccer season.

Page 4: Organ and Tissue As Donation: What Every Health Cheyenne ......1 Organ and Tissue Donation: What Every Health Care Professional Should Know Cheyenne, Heart Recipient AliciaHouse,RN,BSN,CPTC

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Percent

Year

Anoxia

CV/Stroke

Head Trauma

Other

Causes of Death Among Deceased Donors

Based on data from National OPTN Data September 2017

Two Types of Donation

Donation occurs after irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory (cardiac arrest)

Vent support is withdrawn, after cardiac arrest the organs are recovered

0 to 55 years of age

Irreversible cessation of all brain function including brain stem

Heart is still beating and the donor remains on a vent until the organs are recovered

0 to 80 years of age

BRAIN DEATH DONATION

VS

DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH (DCD)

DEATH BY NEUROLOGICAL CRITERIA

• Coma with known cause

• Absence of brainstem reflexes

• Apnea (no respirations)

• Normothermic

• No CNS depressant drugs

• No severe electrolytes, acid‐base, endocrine abnormalities

• Normal BP

Establishing Brain Death

– Bedside clinical exam• 2 Exams• 6-48 hours apart

depending on age

– Apnea test

– May use confirmatory test

• CBF• EEG

23

DCD Donation‐ The Other Option

• Donation option for patients who do not meet brain death criteria

• Illness or injury has caused an non‐recoverable, neurological or physiological devastation resulting in ventilator dependency

• Family is making end of life decisions

• Gives Family the opportunity to donate in cases where brain death does not occur

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Why Are Their Fewer DCD Donors?

More Selective Criteria

• Only offered to those <55y/o

• Can be ruled out by PMH, current labs, or weight

Warm Ischemic Time

• The amount of time that an organ remains at body temperature after its blood supply has been stopped or reduced

Family Emotions

• Withdrawal of support done in an OR setting

Organ Donation Exclusions

Consider all patients for possible organ donation. Allow Mid‐America Transplant staff 

to rule out patients.

Some Cancers within past 5 

yearsTuberculosis

Viral Meningitis

Multisystem Organ Failure

<32 Weeks Gestational 

Age<500 Grams

Organ DonationHow You Can Help

• Recognize the potential organ donor.

• Do Not Extubate or stop blood pressure support before referring to Mid‐America Transplant.

• Do not mention or approach for donation.

314‐367‐6767 or 1‐800‐87‐DONOR

Referral Triggers

CLINICAL CUES

Vent dependent with GCS<5

DNR/de‐escalation of care

Discussion of withdrawing support

CALL THE DONOR REFERRAL HOTLINE

Any mention of potential Brain Death Exams

Key Phrases

“Withdrawing Support”

“Devastating Neuro Injury”

“Non-Survivable

Injuries”“Brain Death

Exams”

“Donation”

When Should the Family Be Approached?

• After death (brain death) is understood by the family

• After the family has made a decision to withdraw support

• After a thorough screening by Mid‐America Transplant to determine eligibility

PLEASE WAIT FOR MID AMERICA TRANSPLANT FAMILY SUPPORT 

COORDINATOR FOR ANY DONATION DISCUSSIONS

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After receiving a lung transplant.

Meet Mikayla

The Donation Process

The DCD Donor

• Patient remains under the care of the attending physician

– Supportive care continues to maintain optimal organ function

• Medications

• Labs

• Procedures

– Pain control and other comfort measures

Withdrawal• OR /PACU/ICU

– Patient is extubated, comfort care provided by medical team

– Extubation begins  60 min observation period

• If patient does not expire  in  60 min, returned to room and comfort care continues

• Transplant surgeon/team and OR staff are not in the room during the withdrawal process

Donor Transport

• All tissue donors and BD organ donors are transported to Mid‐America Transplant’s facility for organ/tissue recovery

• After organ/tissue procurement the donor is transported to the ME (if autopsy planned) or the funeral home

• All transportation arrangements are made by Mid‐America Transplant

Pediatric Considerations:

We can transport and care for all pediatric donors >7kg

Autopsy and/or ME cases don’t preclude organ donation

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Mid America Transplant Facility

• First in the world to have an onsite organ and tissue  OR

• Onsite Ct Scanner

• Echocardiograms

• Cardiac Cath Lab

• In House Laboratory

Benefits

• Decrease ICU time

• Cost Containment

• Less Strain On Hospital Resources

ICU Nurses as OPCs

• Transfer of unstable donors

• Advanced skill set to manage shock, ventilator, and pressors

• Clinical decisions made in timely manner

• Can manage complications and crisis situations

o Flight nurseo Resp Therapisto Xray techo Insert a‐lineo Insert central lines with USo Bronchoscopyo Liver biopsyo Lymph node dissectiono Cath lab nurseo OR nurseo Manage donor HOB in OR

Allocation How are organs allocated?

BLOOD TYPE MEDICAL URGENCY

SIZE COMPATIBILITY

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONWAIT TIME

TYPE OF ORGAN NEEDEDAGE

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• MEDICAL NEED• HOW FAR FROM DONOR

HOSPITAL

• SURVIVAL BENEFIT• MEDICAL URGENCY• WAITING TIME• DISTANCE FROM

DONOR HOSPITAL

• MEDICAL NEED• DISTANCE FROM

DONOR HOSPITAL

• WAITING TIME• DONOR/RECIPIENT

IMMUNE SYSTEM INCOMPATIBILITY

• PEDIATRIC STATUS• PRIOR LIVING DONOR• HOW FAR FROM DONOR

HOSPITAL• SURVIVAL BENEFIT

(STARTING IN 2015)

Organ RecoveryMid America Transplant 

EnBloc kidneys

48

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ORGAN PRESERVATION TIME

Heart 4‐6 hrs

Lung 4‐6 hrs

Liver  8‐14 hrs

Pancreas  12 hrs

Kidney 24‐36 hrs

Cold Ischemic Times

A RESOURCEFOR HOPE AND HEALINGWe compassionately support thoseinvolved in the organ and tissue donation process from donor families to transplant patients.

The Aftercare Department

The Aftercare Department• Answer questions regarding the process

• Offer bereavement support and connect families with resources

• Connect families with other donor families

• Host information workshops

• Provide referrals for community and faith bases support groups and counseling services

• Scheduled mailings during the first year following donation

• Solace  newsletter

• Invitations to memorial events and education programs

Candlelight Memorial

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MYTH“My family will be 

charged for the cost of donation.”

FACTMid‐America Transplant pays for all additional charges that occur during the donation process

MYTH“Doctors will let me 

die to take my organs.”

FACTIf you are sick or injured a doctor’s number one priority is to save your life. Donation only occurs after every effort has been made to save your life.

MYTH“I can’t have an open 

casket funeral.”

FACTWhen someone becomes a donor, their appearance is unchanged.

MYTH“My religion won’t allow me to be a 

donor.”

FACTAll major religions in the U.S. supportOrgan Donation.

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Thank You! Join the National Registry 

registerme.org

Visit our website midamericatransplant.org