Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

ORGANELLES

PROKARYOTES• Cells have no nucleus• Information for heredity is contained within

the cytoplasm.• First cells to evolve• Ex: Bacteria

EUKARYOTES• Have nucleus • Information for heredity is contained

within the nucleus• Cells evolve from prokaryotes• EX: Animals, protists, fungi, & plants

ORGANELLES• Tiny membrane-bound structures

that perform special functions inside the cell.

CELL WALL

• Only found in plants, fungi, & bacterial cells• Strong, rigid, & stiff.• Provides support &

protection for the cell.

CELL MEMBRANE• Membrane that

protects and supports the cell.

• Allows movement of nutrients in and out of the cell.

• Included in ALL cells.

NUCLEUS• Found in both plant

and animal cells.• Large, oval shape• Centrally located

(center)• Controls the activities

of the cell.

CYTOPLASM

• Both plant and animal cells.• Clear, thick, jelly-like substance• Supports and protects the organelles.

GOLGI APPARATUS• Plant and animal

cells• Looks like flattened

stack of pancakes• Packages proteins

made by the cell

RIBOSOMES• Plant and animal

cells• Can be attached to

the endoplasmic rectiulum (ER) or free floating• Produces proteins

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM• Plants and animal

cells• Network of tubes• Transports materials

throughout the cell.

• Rough & smooth (types)

MITOCHONDRIA

• Plant and animal cells• Looks like a jellybean• Breaks down sugars

to release useable energy.

VACUOLES

• Plant and animal cells• Fluid filled sacs• Store food, water,

& waste

LYSOSOMES• Only in animal cells• Small & Round• Breaks down large

food molecules into smaller ones.

• Digests old cell parts

CHLOROPLASTS• Plant cells ONLY• Oval• Green from

cholorophyll• Uses energy from

the sun to make food