organic agriculture worldwide

Organic Agriculture Worldwide

Helga WillerResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Presented at

The Fourth Organic Meeting of Latin America and the Caribbean, Salinitas, El SalvadorOctober 13, 2009

Content

About FiBL

Organic agriculture world-wide: Area, farms, land use

The organic market

Legislation

Africa - Asia – Oceania – North America – Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Outlook

FiBL Switzerland in brief

> Private foundation established in 1973> 120 staff members> 20 trainees, students etc.> Experimental farm 40 ha> On-farm research on 200 organic farms

The Global Organic Survey 2009

The global organic survey 2009 as well as the production of the yearbook ‘The World of Organic Agriculture’ was carried out with the support of

International Trade Centre, Geneva

Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs SECO, Berne

Nürnberg Messe, the organizers of the BioFach Organic Trade Fair

SECO ITC project: Global information system for organic market and production data

Since 2008 there has been support by the Swiss State secretariat of Economic Affairs SECO and the International Trade Centre, Geneva, for:

Data collection;

Support of local partners for the data collection;

Development of a classification of organic products (including manufactured products);

Ease data collection through database improvement and an online data entering tool;

Setting up the website www.organic-world.net;

Carrying out a global overview of data availability.

Organic agriculture worldwide 2007 – the tenth global organic survey

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2009

Global organic survey 2009

The tenth survey on organic agriculture world-wide was carried out by FiBL and the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM (IFOAM for Africa).

The survey was carried out between July and December 2008

Most data collected are from 2007, for some countries for 2008

Data were received from 141 countries (2006: 135 countries)

Data were provided by country experts, (representatives from NGOs, certification bodies, governments, researchers)

The results are published in the yearbook ‚The World of Organic Agriculture‘ and at www.organic-world.net

Key data

32.2 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically

In addition to the certified organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) there are

0.4 million hectares of organic aquaculture areas

30.7 million hectares of organic wild collection areas

More than one third of the world‘s organic land is in Oceania, followed by Europe (24%) and Latin America (20%)

12 million hectares are in Australia, followed by Argentina (2.8 million hectares) and Brazil (1.8 million hectares)

Almost 30 % of the agricultural land in Liechtenstein are organic, followed by Austria (13.4 %) and Switzerland (11 %)

1.2 million organic producers were reported

Source: FiBL & IFOAM 2009

World: Distribution of organically managed agricultural land by geographical region 2007

37%

24%

20%

9%

7% 3%

Oceania Europe Latin America Asia North America Africa


World: The ten countries with the most organic agricultural land 2007

0.87

0.93

0.99

1.03

1.15

1.55

1.64

1.77

2.78

12.02

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Germany

Uruguay (2006)

Spain

India

Italy

China

USA (2005)

Brazil

Argentina

Australia

Million Hectares

Argentina, US and Uruguay: Only fully converted areas


World: The ten countries with the highest shares of organic agricultural land 2007

7.0%

7.4%

7.8%

8.0%

8.5%

8.8%

9.1%

11.0%

13.4%

29.7%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Timor Leste

Czech Republic

Samoa

Sweden

Latvia

Estonia

Italy

Switzerland

Austria

Liechtenstein


World: Shares of organic land 2007 (142 countries)

317

25

95

Countries with morethan 10 % organicland

Countries with 5.0 to9.9 % organic land

Countries with 1 to4.9 % organic land

Countries with lessthan 1 % organicland


World: Shares of organic land 2007 (142 countries)

World

317

25

95





Africa1 2

29




Europe

3

12

14

15






Latin America

2

4

17




World: Development of organic agricultural land 1999-2007 (Revision date: May 2009)

11.0

17.4 19

.9

25.7

29.9

29.2 30

.8 32.2

14.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mil

lio

n h

ecta

res

Source: FiBL, IFOAM & SOEL 2000-2009

World: Development of organic agricultural land 2006 to 2007 by geographical region

5.0

2.2

12.4

0.9 2.

9

7.8

6.4

2.2

12.1

3.0

7.4

0.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Africa Asia Europe LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

Oceania

Mil

lio

n h

ecta

res 2006 2007


World: Organic producers by geographical region 2007

44%

19%

18%

17%

1% 1% Africa

Asia

Latin America

Europe

North America

Oceania


World: The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2007

19'997

20'000

23'769

36'093

43'159

90'222

128'819

165'560

195'741

206'803

0 50'000 100'000 150'000 200'000 250'000

Austria

Zambia

Greece

Peru

Italy

Tanzania

Mexico

Ethiopia

India

Uganda


World: Use of total land under organic certification (63.3 million hectares) 2007

50.9%48.5%

0.7% Agricultural land

Wild collection

Aquaculture


World: Use of organic AGRICULTURAL land 2007 (total 32.2 million hectares)

15.1%

3.9%

5.8%

62.1%

1.0%

12.2%

Arable land

Permanent crops

Cropland, no details

Permanent grassland

Other

Agricultural land, nodetails


Agricultural land use by geographical region in organic agriculture 2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa Asia Europe LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

Oceania World


Other

Permanent grassland


Permanent crops

Arable land


Legal protection

Today 71 countries have organic laws (not fully implemented in all countries)

21 countries are in the process of developing an organic law.

The organic regulations in the major markets like the European Union, Switzerland, the US and Japan are of particular relevance to the development of the global organic market, as these countries are all major importers of organic products.

Organic laws are important in order to protect producers and consumers.

They are also important because they are a basis for governmental support measures like action plans. (and also as a basis for governmental data collection).

Standards and legislations

Certification

Worldwide there are 481 certifying organisations

Most are in Europe (177), followed by (157) and North America (73).

The countries with the most certifiers are Japan, the US, Germany, South Korea and China. In 78 countries certification is carried out by local bodies.

In many countries of Africa and Asia the certification structures are not yet developed and many foreign certifiers are carrying out the certifications.

Source: Organic Standard 2009

Number of certification bodies/shares of the regions 2008

177

157

78

481011 Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America& CaribbeanOceania

Africa

Source: Organic Standard/Grolink, Rundgren 2009

The global market for organic food and drink

Global demand for organic products remains robust, with sales increasing by over five billion US dollars a year. Organic Monitor estimates international sales to have reached 46.1 billion US dollars in 2007, thus having trebled since 1999. In the past five years annual growth was five billion US Dollars The marketing research company Organic Monitor is predicting lower growth rated for the coming years.

15.220.9

25.533.2

46.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

Um

satz

in M

illia

rde

n U

S-D

olla

r

Source: Organic Monitor 2009

Global organic market by regions: Shares 2007

Consumer demand for organic products is concentrated in North America and Europe; according to Organic Monitor these two regions comprise 97 percent of global revenues.Here are the largest markets for organic products, many products are imported. Asia, Latin America and Australasia are important producers and exporters of organic foods. The countries with the largest markets are the United States, followed by Germany and the UK.Up to 2008 strong growth rates have led to an undersupply with organic products.


54%43%

3%

Europe

North America

Others

The global market for organic products 2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

580

600

810

911

1'126

1'970

2'600

16'000

5'850

2'639

0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000

Denmark (2007)

Spain (2007)

Austria

Switzerland

Canada (2007)

Italy

France

UK

Germany

US

Turnover in million Euros

Compiled by: FiBL

Global market for organic products: Outlook

In 2007 for Europe and the US the biggest challenge for the organic sector was the lack of supply with organic products.

Since the autumn of 2008 the economic crisis is felt, slowing down consumer demand in the UK and the US, since the second half of 2009 also in Germany (for some products).

Organic Monitor expects that there may be an oversupply for some commodities like cereals, fruit, meat and dairy products.

Organic Monitor expects that perhaps producers in countries with a strong focus on exports will be hit more by the financial crisis as they are very dependent on exports.

It is therefore very important to develop domestic markets.


Africa: Land under organic management (ha) in the countries of Africa 2007

In Africa, organic farming makes an important contribution to income and food security.

In 2007, almost 0.9 million hectares – about 3 percent of the world’s organic agricultural land – were certified organic.

This constitutes an increase of more than 185,000 hectares compared to 2006.

One percent of Africa’a agricultural land is organic.

The data situation is difficult as only few countries have private or public data collection systems.

Source: IFOAM and FiBL 2009

Africa: Development of organically managed agricultural land 2000-2007

0.32 0.

36 0.40 0.

49

0.68

0.87

0.05 0.

23

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

He

cta

res


Africa: The ten countries with the most organic agricultural land 2007

9'456

13'356

14'165

24'449

50'012

56'324

62'180

140'305

154'793

296'203

0 100'000 200'000 300'000 400'000 500'000

Madagascar

Rwanda

Egypt

Ghana

South Africa

Sudan

Tanzania

Ethiopia

Tunisia

Uganda

Hectares


Africa: Distribution of organically managed land by country 2007 (total: 870,000 ha)

34%

18%16%

7%

6%

6%

13% Uganda

Tunisia

Ethiopia

Tanzania

Sudan

South Africa

Rest


Land under organic management (ha) in the countries of Asia 2007

The total organic area in Asia is nearly 2.9 million hectares. This constitutes nine percent of the world’s organic agricultural land. 230,000 producers were reported.

The leading countries are China (1.6 million hectares) and India (1 million hectares). It should be noted that in addition to China’s organic agricultural land a further 0.4 million hectares are certified aquaculture areas.

The highest shares of organic land in relation to all agricultural land are in Timor Leste (seven percent).

Source: FiBL Survey 2009

Asia: Distribution of organically managed agricultural land by country 2007; total: 2.9 million hectares

53%36%

9%2% China

India

Indonesia

Rest

Source: FiBL 2009

Asia: Market

Whereas up to recently the growth of the organic sector was mainly due to export activities, this is now changing.

Today imported products are beginning to play an important role, and the organic market is growing.

The market, is however still small, 780 million US Dollars in 2006 (ca. 2 percent of the global market at that time).

The biggest demand in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan.

The growth of the Asian market is mainly due to increasing consumer awareness and better availability in general retail stores.

Market growth is however hindered by high prices (high transport costs as many products are not produced in the region and, in some parts of Asia, a low purchasing power.

Oceania: Land under organic management (ha) 2007

This region includes Australia, New Zealand, and island states such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu. Altogether, there are 7,222 producers, managing almost 12.1 million hectares. This constitutes 2.6 percent of the agricultural land in the area and 38 percent of the world’s organic land. Ninety-nine percent of the organically managed land in the region is in Australia (12 million hectares, 97 percent extensive grazing land), followed by New Zealand (65,000 hectares) and Vanuatu (8,996 hectares).

Source: FiBL 2009

North America: Land under organic management (ha) 2007

Seven percent of the world’s organic agricultural land is in North America. In North America, almost 2.2 million hectares are managed organically.This represents approximately 0.6 percent of the total agricultural area. There are 12,064 producers.The major part of the organic land is in the US with 1.6 million hectares in 2005. For the US the latest data available are from 2005. New data are expected to be published autumn 2009 by the United States Department of Agriculture USDA.


North America: Development of organically managed agricultural land 2000-2005

1.1 1.

3 1.4

1.7

2.2

1.3

0

1

1

2

2

3

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mil

lio

n h

ecta

res

Source: USDA and Canadian Organic Growers 2000-2009

For the US 2006 and 2007 data are expected to be published summer 2009

North America

Valued at more than 20 billion US dollars in 2007 (Organic Monitor), the North American market accounted for 45 percent of global revenues. Growing consumer demand for healthy & nutritious foods and increasing distribution in conventional grocery channels are the major drivers of market growth. The US organic industry grew 21 percent in sales in 2006, and was forecast to experience 18 percent sales growth each year on average from 2007 through 2010. Whether this rate will actually be realized is uncertain due to the economic downturn and reduction in consumer spending in the last quarter of 2008. However, during 2008 the organic market continued to grow: According to OTA (2009), the US market for organic food reached 22.9 billion US dollars.Likewise, a downturn is expected in Canada, even though the market growth in Canada, paired with the introduction of the new organic regulations, should provide a good outlook over the coming years.

US: Organic food sales 1997-2008

3'5

94

4'2

86

5'0

39

6'1

00

7'3

60

8'6

25

10

'38

1

11

'90

2

13

'83

1 16

'71

8

18

'90

0 22

'90

0

0

5'000

10'000

15'000

20'000

25'000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tu

rno

ver

0%

1%

2%

3%

Sh

are

of

tota

l m

arke

t

Turnover in million US Dollars Share of total market (%)

Source: OTA: Organic Industry Survey 2009 and previous surveys; data 2008 according to USDA.

Organic farming in Europe: Key facts

In Europe, the history of organic dates back to the 1920s.

European organic farming is characterised by Comparatively high shares of the agricultural land; there is no other region in the world which has similar shares.

Comparatively high market shares;

Many forms of government support;

Early regulations of the organic law.

Europe is the cradle of organic agriculture; here the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements was founded and the first organic regulations were developed.

Land under organic management in the countries of Europe 2007

At the end of 2007, 7.7 million hectares in Europe were managed organically by more than 200,000 farms. In the European Union, 7.2 million hectares were under organic management, with more than 180,000 organic farms. 1.9 percent of the European agricultural area and 4 percent of the agricultural area in the European Union is organic. Twenty-four percent of the world's organic land is in Europe.

Source: FiBL & ZMP Survey 2009

Europe: Development of the organic land 1985-2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 11.4

1.82.3

33.7

4.4

5.35.9 6.1 6.4

6.97.4

7.88.3

0123456789

La

nd

are

a i

n m

illi

on

he

cta

res

Source: Aberystwyth University, FiBL

Europe: The ten countries with the largest organic areas 2008 5.10.2009

0.280.310.340.34

0.380.58

0.740.91

1.001.32

0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20

Greece (2007)Poland

SwedenCzech Republic

AustriaFrance

UKGermany

ItalySpain

Millions of hectares

Source: FiBL-Survey

Europe: Distribution of organic land by countries 2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

16%

12%

11%

9%7%

45%

SpainItalyGermanyUKFranceRest

Source: FiBL-Survey

Europe: The ten countries with the highest share of organic agricultural land of all agricultural land 2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

6.6%

7.9%

8.0%

9.1%

9.6%

10.8%

11.4%

13.8%

29.7%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Finland

Italy

Czech Republic

Latvia

Estonia

Sweden

Switzerland

Austria

Liechtenstein (2007)

Source: FiBL Survey

The European market for organic food and drink: Key data 2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

Market growth in 2007: 15 %, in 2008: approx 10 %;

In some countries growth rates were higher;

Total market in 2008: Ca. 18 billion Euros;

Germany is the largest market with 5.85 billion Euros in 2008;

In most countries most of the organic products are sold in supermarkets.

12.8 14

.1 16.2 17

.9

0

5

10

15

20

2005

2006

2007

2008

pro

visi

on

al

Bil

lio

n E

uro

s

Billion Euros

The European market for organic products 2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

487

537

580

600

810

911

1'970

5'850

2'639

2'600

0 1'000 2'000 3'000 4'000 5'000 6'000 7'000

Sweden (2007)

The Netherlands

Denmark

Spain (2007)

Austria

Switzerland

Italy

France

UK

Germany

Turnover in million Euros

Dompiled by: FiBL

The European market for organic food: The countries with the highest sales 2007 and 2008Survey date: 5-10-2009

0.49

0.50

0.58

0.60

0.74

0.79

1.87

2.56

5.30

0.537

0.81

0.91

1.97

2.6

5.85

1.90

2.65*

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sweden

Netherlands

Denmark

Spain

Austria

Switzerland

Italy

France

UK

Germany

Sales in billion Euros

2008

2007

Source: Aberystwyth University, FiBL & ZMP Survey 2009* For the UK the data are not comparable due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the British Pound

Europe: Distribution of sales of organic food and drink by country 2008 (provision total for 2008: 17.9 billion Euros)

32.6%

14.7%

14.5%

11.0%

5.1%

22.0% Germany

UK

France

Italy

Switzerland

Rest

Source: Aberystwyth University, FiBL & ZMP 2009

The European organic market for organic food and drink: The countries with the highest shares of organic food sales 2007

1.0

1.2

1.9

2.0

3.1

3.3

4.3

5.3

6.0

4.9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Norway

France

Belgium

Netherlands

Germany

Luxemburg

Sweden

Switzerland (2008)

Austria

Denmark

Market share in %


The European market: The countries with the highest per capita consumption 2008

33

41

43

53

71

86

86

106

120

97

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Italy

France

UK

Sweden

Germany

Liechtenstein (2007)

Luxemburg (2007)

Austria

Denmark (2007)

Switzerland

Annual per capita consumption in Euros


Europe: Growth of the market for organic food2005-2008 Survey date: 5.10.2009

12.8 14

.1

16.2 17

.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2005 2006 2007 2008 provisional

Biil

lion

Eur

os

Source: FiBL, AMI/ZMP, Aberystwyth University

Europe: Support of organic farming

In no other part of the world organic farming receives as much support as in Europe. Types of support are:

Legislation; Rural development programmes (direct payments, support for infrastructure, trainings); Action plans (in at least 17 countries of the European Union) European action plan; Support for research.

EU-Logo for organic agriculture

Action plans

Action plans have often quantitative targets like 20 % organic land.

Typical measures are:Support in the framework of rural development programmes;

Marketing support;

Information for producers;

Support for canteens;

Consumer information;

Research.

At least 17 European countries have an action plan

European action plan for organic food and farming

21 measures in order to: Make available information; Optimize legislation;Improve availability of statistics; Support research.

Information campaign http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic

Latin America/Caribbean: Land under organic management (ha) 2007

In Latin America, 220,000 producers managed 6.4 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2007.

This constitutes 20 percent of the world’s organic land and one percent of the agricultural area in the region.


Latin America/Caribbean: The ten countries with the most organic agricultural land 2007

38'587

41'004

49'196

70'972

123'089

124'714

393'461

930'965

1'765'793

2'777'959

0 1'000'000 2'000'000 3'000'000

Colombia

Bolivia

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Dominican Rep.

Peru

Mexico

Uruguay (2006)

Brazil

Argentina

Hectares

Argentina and Uruguay: Only fully converted area


Latin America/Caribbean: Distribution of organically managed agricultural land by country 2007 (total: 6.4 million hectares)

43%

28%

2% 6%

6%

15%

Argentina

Brazil

Uruguay

Mexico

Peru

Rest


Latin America: The ten countries with the highest shares of organic agricultural land 2007

0.4%

0.6%

0.7%

0.7%

1.2%

1.3%

2.1%

2.9%

6.2%

6.3%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%

El Salvador

Peru

Ecuador

Brazil

Belize

Nicaragua

Argentina

Mexico

Uruguay

Dominican Rep.


Latin America: Shares of organic land 2007

9%

17%

74%





Latin America: Development of organically managed agricultural land 2000-2007

The organic area increased by 1.4 million hectares during 2007 (partly due to the fact that for the first time the in-conversion area for Brazil was available).

The drop of organic land in 2004 is due to the economic crisis in Argentina, due to which the organic area in this country decreased.

3.9

5.8 6.0

5.2

5.1

5.0

6.4

4.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mil

lio

n h

ecta

res


Decrease of organic land in some countries

Inspite of growth in many Latin American countries there have been decreases in organic area during 2007.The reasons are:

Floodings and hurricanes;Competition with other labels (Utz certified, Rainforest alliance); Pests and diseases, for which organic solutions are still missing. There are also major fluctuations in the permanent grassland area: In Chile the organic land decreased by 600‘000 hectares during 2004, when two extensive grazing farms stepped out of certified organic farming.

Latin America/Caribbean: Use of organic agricultural land 2007 (6.4 million hectares)

For 70% of the organic agricultural land in Latin America (6.4 million hectares), land use data were available. 3.5 million hectares or more than half of the organic agricultural land are used for permanent pastures with extensive animal husbandary (mainly Argenrtina and Uruguay). With 0.7 million hectares, permanent crops account for about ten percent of the agricultural area. About half of the permanent cropland is for coffee, followed by cocoa and tropical fruits.There are large wild collection areas in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru.

2.3%

2.7%

10.4%

54.3%

0.4%

29.9% Arable land

Permanent crops


Permanent grassland

Other



Latin America/Caribbean: Use of organic agricultural land 2007 (6.4 million hectares)

2.3%

2.7%

10.4%

54.3%

0.4%

29.9% Arable land

Permanent crops


Permanent grassland

Other



Latin America/Caribbean: Use of organic cropland 2007

Arable land amounted to 0.15 million hectares in 2007.

One quarter each are used for vegetables, cereals and sugarcane,

With 0.7 million hectares, permanent crops account for about ten percent of the agricultural area.

About half of the permanent cropland is for coffee, followed by cocoa and tropical fruits.

27.4%

23.7%22.7%

13.0%

13.3%Vegetables

Cereals

Sugarcane

Oilseeds

Others


55%

21%

11%

2%2% 9%

Coffee

Cocoa

Tropical andsubtropical fruit

Coconuts

Citrus fruit

Others

Latin America/Caribbean: Use of organic arable land 2007 (0.15 million hectares)

27.4%

23.7%22.7%

13.0%

13.3%Vegetables

Cereals

Sugarcane

Oilseeds

Others


Latin America/Caribbean: Use of organic permanent cropland 2007 (0.67 million hectares)

55%

21%

11%

2%2% 9%

Coffee

Cocoa


Coconuts

Citrus fruit

Others


Crops grown in organic agriculture in Mexico 2007 (total: approx. 400‘000 hectares)

67%

10%

6%

5%

12%

Coffee

Vegetables


Cocoa

Other

Source: CIIDRI – CIESTAAM, see Gomez Cruz et al. 2009

Crops grown in organic agriculture in El Salvador 2007 (total 7‘500 hectares)

47%

15%

13%

11%

5%

9% Coffee

Cashew nuts

Coconut

Sesameseeds

Other permanentcrops

Other crops

Source: CLUSA, 2009

7

22

72

238

3'409

5'092

14'953

20'033

0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000 25'000

Jamaica

Panama

Guatemala

Mexico

Costa Rica

Peru

Dominican Rep.

Ecuador

Hectares

Latin America: Organic banana area 2007 (includes in-conversion area; total approx 45‘000 hectares, world: 50‘000 hectares)

Source: FiBL 2009, Garibay & Ugas 2009

26

30

390

1'546

4'850

14'407

16'366

79'401

22'308

0 10'000 20'000 30'000 40'000 50'000 60'000 70'000 80'000 90'000

Colombia

Jamaica (2006)

Costa Rica

Nicaragua

Panama (2004)

Peru

Mexico

Ecuador

Dominican Rep.

Hectares

Latin America: Organic cocoa area 2007(includes in-conversion land; includes cocoa areas associated with other crops; total approx 140‘000 hectares, world 150‘000 hectares)

Source: FiBL 2009; Garibay & Ugas 2009

1'713

3'743

3'807

4'323

7'246

10'875

11'661

72'174

239'763

16'036

0 50'000 100'000 150'000 200'000 250'000 300'000

Costa Rica

El Salvador

Cuba

Ecuador

Guatemala

Nicaragua

Dominican Rep.

Colombia

Peru

Mexico

Hectares

Latin America: Organic coffee area 2007 (including in-conversion land; total approx. 370‘000 hectares, world: 550‘000 hectares)


Development: Key data

In 1999 about 11 million hectares of agricultural land were managed organically. This means that the organic land has trebled since.

The number of producers has increased a lot faster. (currently 1.2 million, 1999: 0.2 million) during the same time period.

Similar to the organic land area, the market volume has trebled since 1999. (1999: 15.2 billion US Dollars; 2007: 46.1 billion).

The largest markets for organic products are in North America and Europe (97 percent). The countries with the largest markets are the US, Germany and the UK.

Conclusions

The organic land and the organic market have continually grown up to 2008.

Organic farming is supported in many parts of the world (regulations, direct payments, action plans, marketing and export support, research support).

Latin America and the Caribbean have a strong focus on export products. It would be good to strenthen the production for the local market.

The prospects for the future development are good.

However, what the effects of the economic crisis will be, remains to be seen.

Website www.organic-world.net

Detailed statistics in Excel format

Graphs & maps

Data revisions

Background/country information

Order form

News, with a focus on statistical developments inorganic agriculture

Yearbook ‘The World of Organic Agriculture’

10th edition of ‘The World of Organic Agriculture’, published by FiBL, IFOAM and ITCWith contributions from more than 40 authorsContents:

Results of the global organic survey;Organic agriculture in the geographical regions, special focus on Latin America;Chapters on the global market, standards and legislation, activities of UN organizations, crops, food security, other issues.

Quote: Willer, H. and Kilcher, L. (Eds.) (2009): The World of Organic Agriculture. Statitics and emerging Trends 2009. IFOAM, Bonn; FiBL, Frick; ITC, Geneva.

LAND USE

Agrarumweltprogramme

Flächenbezogene Förderung sowie Unterstützungsmassnahmen in den Bereichen Investitionen, Ausbildung, Vermarktung, Marketing.

Problem: Unterstützung ist innerhalb der EU-Länder unterschiedlich, teilweise auch innerhalb eines Landes (Spanien, Deutschland, Italien).

Organic arable land worldwide by main crop types 2007 (total 4.7 million hectares)

36.3%

31.6%

6.6%

6.1%

4.1%

15.3% Cereals

Green fodder fromarable land

Fallow land as partof crop rotation

Industrial crops

Vegetables

Rest


Organic permanent cropland by geographical region 2007 (total 1.9 million hectares)

37.5%

35.6%

20.4%

4.0%2.5% 0.1%

Europe

Latin America

Africa

Asia

North America

Oceania


Organic permanent cropland by main crop types 2007 (total 1.9 million hectares)

29.2%

21.4%8.1%

7.1%

6.5%

27.8% Coffee

Olives

Cocoa

Temperate nuts

Grapes

Rest


Organic aquaculture 2007

33

1'317

2'000

6'293

415'000

1 10'000

Thailand

Indonesia

Bangla Desh

Ecuador

China

Hectares


Organic cereals: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

52'810

68'345

76'420

85'593

105'477

116'864

154'152

181'000

228'110

241'430

0 100'000 200'000 300'000

Sweden

Lithuania

Austria

France

Ukraine

Spain

Canada

Germany

USA (2005)

Italy

Hectares


Organic coffee: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

7'246

10'875

11'661

16'036

17'721

21'325

23'867

72'174

108'560

239'763

0 100'000 200'000 300'000

Guatemala

Nicaragua

Dominican Rep.

Colombia

Uganda

Timor Leste

Tanzania

Peru

Ethiopia

Mexico

Hectares


Organic citrus: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

835

1'574

2'002

2'134

3'165

3'201

3'760

4'107

4'195

22'062

0 10'000 20'000 30'000

Costa Rica

Dominican Rep.

Greece

Turkey

Spain

Mexico

Ghana

USA (2005)

Cuba

Italy

Hectares


Organic cocoa beans: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

1'546

2'376

2'573

2'810

4'316

4'850

14'407

16'366

22'308

79'401

0 20'000 40'000 60'000 80'000

Nicaragua

Indonesia

Ghana

Sao Tome and Prince

Tanzania

Panama

Peru

Mexico

Ecuador

Dominican Rep.

Hectares


Organic olives: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

744

850

1'560

6'322

18'409

26'372

52'553

89'324

94'251

109'992

0 20'000 40'000 60'000 80'000 100'000 120'000

Cyprus

France

Morocco

Argentina

Portugal

Turkey

Greece

Tunisia (2006)

Spain

Italy

Hectares


Organic Wheat: The ten countries with the largest areas 2007

20'744

22'059

29'626

30'542

34'364

50'423

61'500

79'278

115'601

143'598

0 30'000 60'000 90'000 120'000 150'000

Greece

UK

Romania

Austria

France

Ukraine

Germany

Canada (2006)

USA (2005)

Italy

Hectares


Standards and legislation

The first organic standards were developed by organisations of the private sector. The first international standards on organic agriculture were published in 1980 by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture IFOAM.The first legislations on organic agriculture were implemented in the 1980s by some European countries (France, Denmark, Austria).In 1993 the EU regulation on organic farming came into force. In June 2007 the new EU regulation was published and it was implemented on January 1, 2009.

Standards and legislations

In the 1990s in many countries non-EU countries as well as in other parts of the world were implemented.

1999 the Codex Alimentarius Commission developed guidelines for organic farming; these guidelines are the basis for organic laws in many countries.

EU regulation 834/2007, the US-NOP and the Japanse JAS are very important for the development of the global organic market.

Regulations are also important because the are the basis of many government support measures.

97

The countries with most certification bodies 2008

910

1316

2021

2729

3232

5760

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

AustriaUK

IndiaItaly

BrazilCanada

SpainChina

South KoreaGermany

USJapan

Number of certification bodies


Start year of organic certification among 481 certification bodies

3%

12%

22%

34%

29%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Before 1985 1985-1990 1991-1996 1997-2002 2003-2008

Start year of organic certification


Africa: Distribution of shares of organic land 2007 (by country)

1; 3% 2; 6%

29; 91%





Land use and key crops

For Africa, land use information covering about half of the organic agricultural land was available (0.87 million hectares).

Most of this land is used for permanent crops (0.382 million hectares). The main permanent crops are cash crops such as coffee and olives.

Coffee (more than 150‘000 hectares, mainly in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda).

Olives (more than 90‘000 hectares, in North Africa)

Tropical fruit (22‘000 hectares)

Medicanal plants and herbs,

76,000 hectares are arable land.

Many small scale farmers are using a part of their land for export production, the remainder is for self-sufficiency and the local market.

Africa: Wild collection

In Africa 9.6 million are certified for wild collection and bee keeping.

There are large areas in:

Zambia (5 million hectares, mainly bee keeping);

Namibia (2.8 million hectars, medicinal plans);

Sudan (almost 50‘000 hectares, gum arabic);

Morocco (550‘000 hectars, argan oil).

Africa: Use of organic agricultural land 2007 (0.87 million hectares)

8.7%

2.0%

43.9%

5.9%1.4%

38.1%Arable land

Permanent crops


Permanent grassland

Other



Africa: Use of arable land 2007 (78,000 hectares)

47.0%

16.1%

15.4%

5.9%

5.5%10.1% Industrial crops

Medicinal & aromaticplants

Oilseeds

Cereals

Vegetables

Rest


Development of organic farming Uganda 2001 to 2007

296'

203

122'

000

125'

000

182'

000

246'

767

0

50'000

100'000

150'000

200'000

250'000

300'000

350'000

2001 2002 2004 2006 2007

Org

anic

land

are

a (h

a)

0

50'000

100'000

150'000

200'000

250'000

Pro

duce

rs

Land area Producers

Source: Nogamu 2008, see Bouagnimbeck 2009

Asia: The ten countries with the most organic agricultural land 2007

17'000

19'123

20'000

21'240

23'790

25'001

28'461

66'184

1'030'311

1'553'000

0 400'000 800'000 1'200'000 1'600'000

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Saudi Arabia

Azerbaijan

Timor Leste

Pakistan

Syria

Indonesia

India

China

Hectares

Source: FiBL 2009

Asia: Shares of organic land 2007

3% 3%

94%




Source: FiBL 2009

Asia: The ten countries/territories with the highest shares of organic agricultural land 2007

0.2%

0.2%

0.3%

0.5%

0.5%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

1.1%

7.0%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%

Taiwan

Cambodia

China

Azerbaijan

Lebanon

Korea, Republic of

India

Sri Lanka

Israel

Timor Leste

Source: FiBL 2009

Development of Organic Farming in India 2002-2007/08

432'

259

73'5

00

114'

037

37'0

50 185'

937

1'03

0'31

1

0

200'000

400'000

600'000

800'000

1'000'000

1'200'000

Land

are

a (

hect

ares

)

0

50'000

100'000

150'000

200'000

250'000

Pro

duce

rs

HectaresProducers

109Source: SOEL/FIBL and APEDA (2004/05-2007/08), see Kumar Menon 2009

Asia: Use of organic agricultural land 2007 (2.9 million hectares)

Organic wild collection areas play a major role in India and China. Production of final processed products is growing, although a majority of production is still fresh produce and field crops with low value-added processing, such as dry or processed raw ingredients. Aquaculture (shrimp and fish) on the other hand, is emerging in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Myanmar. Textiles represent another important trend. Some land use details are known for two-thirds of the organically managed land in Asia. Arable land is mainly used for cereals, including rice.Furthermore, cotton is important: India and Syria are two of the world‘s leading organic cotton producers.

7.7%

26.7%

2.6%

20.8%

42.2%

Arable land

Permanent crops


Permanent grassland



Asia: Use of organic arable land 2007 (82,000 hectares)

14.5%

76.1%

3.0%6.4%

Industrial crops (cotton)

Cereals

Medicinal & aromaticplants

Others


Asia: Use of organic permanent cropland (0.67 million hectares)

32.6%

19.2%12.8%

9.3%

4.7%

21.4% Coffee

Coconuts

Tropical andsubtropical nuts

Temperate fruit

Tea

Others


Europe: The ten countries with the largest increase of organic land in 20085.10.2009

+ 10'923

+ 11'119

+ 22'849

+ 26'666

+ 28'066

+ 28'166

+ 28'742

+ 42'450

+ 61'319

+ 329'429

0 100'000 200'000 300'000 400'000

Austria

Latvia

Slovak Republic

France

Poland

Sweden

Czech Republic

Germany

UK

Spain

Hectares

Quelle: FiBL-Zusammenstellung auf Basis der Informationen der Ministerien, Organisationen des Biosektors und Eurostat

Europe: Use of organic agricultural land 2007 (7.7 million hectares)

43.7%

1.1% 8.9%

40.4%

3.6% 2.4%

Arable land

Permanent crops


Permanent grassland

Other



Europe: Use of arable land 2007 (3.5 million hectares)

37.9%

37.1%

5.7%

4.7%

14.7% Cereals

Green fodder fromarable land

Fallow land as partof crop rotation

Medicinal &aromatic plants

Others


Europe: Use of permanent cropland 2007 (0.7 million hectares)

43.1%

16.2%

14.3%

11.1%

15.2% Olives

Temperate nuts

Grapes

Temperate fruit

Others


LATIN AMERICA

120

Ecuador: Area under organic production by main products 2007

0

5'000

10'000

15'000

20'000

25'000

2004 2005 2006 2007

Hec

tare

s

Cocoa BananaShrimp Coffee

Data provided by accredited organic certifiers in Ecuador., comiled by GTZ Ecuardor; Elaboration: Rovayo/Lehmann 2009

OCEANIA

Markt Kanada

In Kanada werden 40 % der Bioprodukte über den allgemeinen Lebensmittelhandel vertrieben.

In Kanada wuchs der Biomarkt 2007 um 20 %; umgesetzt wurden Bioprodukte im Wert von schätzungsweise 1,65 kanadischen Dollar.

Für 2008 wird von einem Umsatz von zwei Milliarden kanadischer Dollar ausgegangen.

26%

30%

20%

11%

11%2% 80 - 100%

50 - 80%

30 - 50%

<30%

<20%

Little to none

USA: Development of the number of organic farms 1992-2005

3'5

87

3'5

36 4'8

56

6'5

92

6'9

49

7'3

23

8'0

35

8'0

21

8'4

93

9'2

43

10

'15

9

4'0

60

5'0

21

0

2'000

4'000

6'000

8'000

10'000

12'000

1992

1993

1994

1995

1997

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Nu

mb

er o

f o

rgan

ic f

arm

s

Source: USDA 2009, www.ers.usda.gov/Data/Organic, see Haumann 2009/

68

286

459

866

2'534

5'196

6'346

16'930

0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000

Peru

Costa Rica

Ecuador

Mexico

Colombia

Cuba

Argentina

Paraguay (2006)

Hectares

Latin America: Organic sugarcane area 2007 (includes in-conversion land, total aprox 26‘000 hectares)


CONCLUSIONS

Growing markets

The growth of the organic land area in developing and emerging market countries is mainly due to the growing markets in the northern hemisphere.

Strong market growth rates have have led to an undersupply with organic products in many of the major markets.

However, due to the financial crisis, it many be expected that supply and demand could be balanced again.

The further development of the organic sector in developing and emerging market countries could be at stake because of the strong export orientation.

More legal protection

Today 71 countries have organic laws (not fully implemented in all countries)

21 countries are in the process of developing an organic law.

The organic regulations in the major markets like the European Union, Switzerland, the US and Japan are of particular relevance to the development of the global organic market, as these countries are all major importers of organic

Organic laws are important in order to protect producers and consumers.

They are also important because they are a basis for governmental support measures like action plans. (and also as a basis for governmental data collection).

Mehr staatliche Förderung

In the European Union and many other countries (few outside Europe though) organic farming is promoted with direct payments.Many countries have action plans. Also in Latin Amercia there are a number of promotional programmes. Auch in Lateinamerika gibt es zahlreiche Unterstützungsprogramme: Export promotion, support during the conversion period, support for certification, financial support in the frame of government support. In the United States there support in the frawmeork of the new farm bill. In Asia, organic farming is mainly promoted through the introduction of organic laws, even though in India and many countries of the middle east have support programmes. In Africa there is very little government support. However, many development organisations as well as UN bodies, are impotant supporters of the sector by helping tosupport international market access The governments of Eastern Africa have, with the support of UN organitions and IFOAM, developed the East African organic standard and the East African Organic seall.

Development: Key data

In 1999 about 11 million hectares of agricultural land were managed organically. This means that the organic land has trebled since.

The number of producers has increased a lot faster. (currently 1.2 million, 1999: 0.2 million) during the same time period.

Similar to the organic land area, the market volume has trebled since 1999. (1999: 15.2 billion US Dollars; 2007: 46.1 billion).

The largest markets for organic products are in North America and Europe (97 percent). The countries with the largest markets are the US, Germany and the UK.

Mehr Forschung

In Europe and in North America organic farming research is supported in the framework of national and transnation support programmes. In Europa und Nordamerika werden im Rahmen von Aktionsplänen.

In many developing and emerging market countries, organic farming research is In Entwicklungsländern befindet sich die Bio-Forschung erst im Aufbau; es gibt nur wenige spezialisierte Forschungszentren, meist wird relevante Forschung von Einzelpersonen oder in einzelnen Projekten durchgeführt.

Deswegen hat die FAO jetzt das Projekt „ORCA“ ins Leben gerufen. Ziel dieser Allianz von Forschungszentren ist es Forschungseinrichtungen mit Bio-Landbauforschung zu stärken und zu vernetzen.

Conclusion

The organic land area has increased by 1.5 million hectares or 4 % between 2006 and 2007.

Particularly in developing and emerging market countries the increase of organically managed land as well as of producers was high in the past years.

Increases were also high for some crops, especially tropical and subtropical crops.

The growth in developing and emerging market countries shows that organic agriculture can contribute to meaningful socio-economic and ecologically sustainable development, especially in poorer countries.

Source: FiBL & IFOAM 2009

organic agriculture worldwide

Documents

organic producers

world of organic agriculture

worlds organic land

global organic surveysource

fibl ifoam survey

hectares of agricultural

managed agricultural

data collection development