Organic ChemistryCarbon is very

important here on the earth because:

It is found in all living things

It is used as fuel that produces

energyIt is a component

of food.

An allotrope is an element with more than one natural form. There are

three allotropes of carbon:diamondgraphite

fullerenes (bucky balls)

Organic Chemistry• Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds.• Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called

isomers.• A structural

formula indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms.

Organic Chemistry• Structural isomers are isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders.

C4H10 C4H10

Continuous chain of 4 carbon atoms Continuous chain of 3 carbon atoms

with a side-branch of 1 more carbon

Organic Chemistry• Geometric isomers are isomers in

which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different.

C2H2Cl2

1,2-dichloroethene

Saturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons are grouped mainly by the type of bonding between carbon atoms.

Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms.

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds are alkanes.

Examples of alkanes include:gases of low mass containing one to four carbon

atoms like methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

liquids of medium mass like gasoline and kerosene.

solids of high mass like paraffin (candle wax).

AlkanesThe general formula for alkanes is

CnH2n+2C2H6

C3H8

Single bonds only in alkanes!

Naming Alkanes

Naming AlkanesUnbranched chains

Naming AlkanesBranched chains

1. Name the parent hydrocarbon (longest continuous chain).

2. Add the names of the alkyl groups in front of the name of the parent hydrocarbon in alphabetical

order.3. Number the carbon atoms in the parent hydrocarbon

to give the lowest numbers possible in the name.4. Insert position numbers in front of the name of that

alkyl group.5. Punctuate the name. Separate the position numbers

from the names with hyphens. If there are more than one number in front of a name, separate the

numbers by commas.

Naming AlkanesUnbranched chains

Naming AlkanesUnbranched chains

Naming AlkanesSample Problem #1

Naming AlkanesSample Problem #2

Naming AlkanesSample Problem #3

Naming AlkanesSample Problem #4

Naming Alkanes

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

AlkenesThe general formula for alkenes is

CnH2n

C3H6

propene

Contain at least one double bond!

AlkynesThe general formula for alkynes is

CnH2n-2

C2H2

Contain at least one triple bond!

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes1. Name the parent hydrocarbon from longest

continuous chain that contains the double or triple bond.

2. Add the names of the alkyl groups in front of the name of the parent hydrocarbon in alphabetical

order.3. Number the carbon atoms in the parent hydrocarbon

to give the lowest numbers possible in the name.4. Insert position numbers in front of the name of that

alkyl group.5. Punctuate the name. Separate the position numbers

from the names with hyphens. If there are more than one number in front of a name, separate the

numbers by commas.

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

WorksheetOrganic

Chemistry

Please pick up a highlighter on your way in, then go over to the

table under the screen and get all papers that belong to you.

Identify the compounds below.

Bell Ringer 5-16-07