organic chemistry carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules. 6.4 the building blocks...
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Organic Chemistry
Carbon is a component of almost all biological
molecules.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry in Biology
Macromolecules
Chemistry in Biology
Macromolecules:Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
The four macromolecules of life are:CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry in Biology
Carbohydrates Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom—(CH2O)n
Some examples of carbohydrates are glucose, cellulose, glycogen, and starch.
The primary functions of carbohydrates are to store energy and provide structural support.
Building Block - monosaccarides
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry in Biology
Two monosaccharides joined together form a disaccharide.
Longer carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
All carbohydrates are composed of building blocks called monosaccharides.
Chemistry in Biology
Lipids
Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen.
Lipids are composed of builiding blocks called “fatty acids.”
Lipids are also known as “fats.”Some examples of lipids are triglycerides, waxes, oils, and steroids.
The primary functions of lipids are to store energy and provide barriers.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry in Biology
Proteins
Proteins are compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
All proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids .
Some examples of proteins are hemoglobin , collagen, and enzymes.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
The functions of proteins are to: Transport substances Speed reactions (enzymes) Provide structural support Make hormones
Chemistry in Biology
Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that are composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.
Functions: store and transmit genetic information. Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits called nucleotides (building blocks),
Some examples of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life