organic chemistry. organic organic refers to compounds containing carbon, and often hydrogen,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Organic Chemistry
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Organic
• Organic refers to compounds containing carbon, and often hydrogen, oxygen, and other non-metal elements
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Three common characteristics:
Bonds are covalent (non-ionic)
Each carbon forms a total of four bonds
Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other or to other nonmetal atoms (hydrogen,
halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, etc)
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Hydrocarbons
• Simplest type of organic compound consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms
Some naming prefixes
# Carbons Root Name
1 Meth-
2 Eth-
3 Prop-
4 But-
5 Pent-
6 Hex-
7 Hept-
8 Oct-
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Alkanes
• Saturated Hydrocarbons: single bonded carbon atom(s)
• Have the ending “-ANE”
Ethane
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Alkenes
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: double bonded carbon atoms
• Have the ending “-ENE”
Ethene
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Alkynes
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbon with a triple bonded carbon atoms
• Have the ending “-YNE”
Ethyne
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Alkyl Groups
Chains that are added onto hydrocarbons and affect nomenclature, being preceded by numeric indication of their location
Methyl: ---CH3
Ethyl: CH3---CH2
Propyl: CH3--- CH2--- CH2
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Branched Chains
• When a hydrocarbon is not a straight-chain, the naming is more complex
• The suffix indicates parent chain
• The prefix indicates a branching group &the number indicates its location
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Geometric Isomers
• Same formula but different orientation
• Cis same side of carbons
• Trans different side of carbons
Cis-2-Butene Trans-2-Butene
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Joke Time….
• Name this compound:
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Answer….
• ¡¡¡TRANSPARENT!!!
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Aromatics
• Derived from the single compound of Benzene, C6H6, which is in a hexagonal shape (three single / three double bonds).
• Functional groups bonded to compound are named as a prefix to “-benzene”
Chlorobenzene
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Functional Group Orientation
• Isomers of benzene have three prefixes for orientation of dual functional groups
Para- Meta- Ortho-
1,4-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,2-dichlorobenzene
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• More to come after vacation…
– Let’s build some molecules and compounds