organic chemistry. september 19, 2015september 19, 2015september 19, 2015 gsci 163 spring 2010...
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April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
the study of the study of compoundscompounds containing containing carboncarbon that is chemically bonded to that is chemically bonded to hydrogenhydrogen. . (synthesis, identification, modeling, and (synthesis, identification, modeling, and chemical chemical reactionsreactions))
study of the structure, properties, study of the structure, properties, composition, composition, reactionsreactions, and preparation , and preparation (by (by synthesissynthesis or by other means) of or by other means) of hydrocarbonshydrocarbons and their derivatives. and their derivatives.
study of carbon or the study of chemicals study of carbon or the study of chemicals in living organisms in living organisms
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
163 definition163 definition
In identifying molecules as inorganic or In identifying molecules as inorganic or organic we will use the following organic we will use the following specific definition: specific definition:
Compounds containing carbonCompounds containing carbon•EXCEPT CO, CO2, CO3EXCEPT CO, CO2, CO3
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Carbon Hydrogen moleculesCarbon Hydrogen molecules
Methane CH4
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic compounds Aromatic compounds
Benzene element
Single bonds
Triple
Double
Rings (NOT Benzene)
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
ConstructConstructEthane C2H6 [ane] Ethane C2H6 [ane]
all single bondsall single bonds
Methane CH4Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10Butane C4H10
Alkanes
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
ConstructConstructEthylene C2H4 [ene] Ethylene C2H4 [ene]
contains double bondscontains double bonds
Ethylene C2H4Ethylene C2H4
Proplyene C3H8Proplyene C3H8
Alkenes
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
functional groupfunctional group A functional group is a molecular module, and the A functional group is a molecular module, and the
reactivity of that functional group is assumed, reactivity of that functional group is assumed, within limits, to be the same in a variety of within limits, to be the same in a variety of molecules molecules
Saturate means no double carbon bonds. No more Saturate means no double carbon bonds. No more hydrogen can be added.hydrogen can be added.
saturatedsaturated
IsomerIsomerSame formula but a different structureSame formula but a different structure
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
isomerisomer
Build two isomers of butane C4H10Build two isomers of butane C4H10 Isobutane, n-butaneIsobutane, n-butane
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
GroupsGroups
Methy -CH3Methy -CH3
Ethyl –CH2-CH3Ethyl –CH2-CH3
Amino –NH3Amino –NH3
Flouro –FFlouro –F
Nitro -NO3Nitro -NO3
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
ConstructConstructEthyne C2H2 [yne] Ethyne C2H2 [yne]
contains triple bondscontains triple bondsEthyne C2H2 Ethyne C2H2
(aceteylene)(aceteylene)Propyne C3H4Propyne C3H4
Alkynes
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
ConstructConstructCyclobutane C4H10 [cyclo..ane] Cyclobutane C4H10 [cyclo..ane]
all single bondsall single bonds
CycloPropane C3H6CycloPropane C3H6
CylcoButane C4H8CylcoButane C4H8
CycloAlkanes
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
ConstructConstructBenzene Benzene
Aromatic 6-carbon rings6-carbon rings Benzene C6H6Benzene C6H6 napthalene C10H8napthalene C10H8
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
AlcoholsAlcohols
alcoholalcohol is any organic compound in which is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atomto a saturated carbon atom
ethanol, C2H5OH
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
Name of alcohol
Chemical formula of alcohol Structure of alcohol
methanol CH3OH
ethanol CH3CH2OH or C2H5OH
propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH or C3H7OH
propan-2-ol CH3CH(OH)CH3
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
Sugar Sugar Alcohol Alcohol
C6H12O6C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH
Glucose ethanolGlucose ethanol
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
Ethers R-O-R’Ethers R-O-R’ Aldehyes Keytones (acetone)Aldehyes Keytones (acetone) Carboxylic AcidCarboxylic Acid EstersEsters AminesAmines
April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010
Hydrocarbons Only C and H present
Alkanes Only single bonds
Alkenes Double bond(s) between two carbons
Alkynes Triple bond(s) between two carbons
Aromatic
Alcohols
Ethers
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amines
Amides
R, R', and R'' represent hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups)