organic chemistry the study of all compounds containing carbon. carbon is the basis for life on...
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Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
The study of all compounds containing carbon.
Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.
This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.Compounds containing only hydrogen
and carbon
The study of all compounds containing carbon.
Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.
This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.Compounds containing only hydrogen
and carbon
ReviewReview
How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?
How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?
Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.
Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.
How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?
How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?
Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.
Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.
AlkanesAlkanes
Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bondsaka - saturated hydrocarbons
carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains
Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6
Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bondsaka - saturated hydrocarbons
carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains
Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6
Continuous-chain alkanesContinuous-chain alkanes
Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.
Names will end in -aneNames are given by the International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.
You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.
Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.
Names will end in -aneNames are given by the International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.
You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.
The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes
The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12
Hexane C6H14
Heptane C7H16
Octane C8H18
Nonane C9H20
Decane C10H22
The General Formula is - CnH2n+2
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12
Hexane C6H14
Heptane C7H16
Octane C8H18
Nonane C9H20
Decane C10H22
The General Formula is - CnH2n+2
FormulasFormulas
molecular C2H6
H Hstructural H - C - C - H
H Hcondensed CH3-CH2-CH2
skeleton C-C-C-C
molecular C2H6
H Hstructural H - C - C - H
H Hcondensed CH3-CH2-CH2
skeleton C-C-C-C
Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.
Example - Ethene
General formula CnH2n
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.
Example - Ethene
General formula CnH2n
AlkenesAlkenesNaming alkenesThe ending of the parent chain will end in -
ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.
Example - Name the following:C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C1-butene 2-butene 1-buteneCount left to right and right to left. Name
the compound with the smallest number possible.
Naming alkenesThe ending of the parent chain will end in -
ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.
Example - Name the following:C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C1-butene 2-butene 1-buteneCount left to right and right to left. Name
the compound with the smallest number possible.
AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Example - Ethynecommon name acetylene
General formula CnH2n-2
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Example - Ethynecommon name acetylene
General formula CnH2n-2
AlkynesAlkynes
Naming AlkynesSame as alkenes but ending will be
-yneExample - Name the following:C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-
pentyne
Naming AlkynesSame as alkenes but ending will be
-yneExample - Name the following:C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-
pentyne
Your TurnsYour TurnsName the following and give the
molecular formula:1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-
C5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-CAnswers1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4
6) butane (C4H10)
Name the following and give the molecular formula:
1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-
C5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-CAnswers1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4
6) butane (C4H10)
Your TurnYour Turn
Draw the following:4-Octyne H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H
Draw the following:4-Octyne H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H