organic farming development in sarawak prospects … sessions/plenary 4/lai kui fong.pdf · organic...
TRANSCRIPT
ORGANIC FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN SARAWAK
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
LAI K.F., CHAI C.C., PAUL V. RITOM,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESARAWAK
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Part IPart I
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SARAWAK
Pre Malaysia to Present Days ……..
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Ø Farming – by & large traditional in nature
Ø ‘Export crop’ oriented & subsistence agriculture
Ø Main export crops are pepper and rubber
Ø Subsistence agriculture with main goal to feed the family : food crops including hill & wet rice, vegetables, field crops & fruits
Continued ……
Pre Malaysia period….
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Since formation of Malaysia – rapid agricultural development
1960s to 1980s (1st to 4th Malaysia Plan)
ØMajor crops are :§ Rubber
Continued ……
§ Rice§ Pepper§ Coconut & cocoa§ Oil-palm§ Sago
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
1980s to 1990s (5th to 7th MP)
Ø Decline in coconut, cocoa & rubber
Ø But the following commodities expanded :
Continued ……
§ Sago§ Vegetables
§ Oil-palm
§ Fruits
Ø Rice somewhat stagnated & pepper fluctuating in consonance with market
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Late 1990s to current times (8th to 9th MP)
Ø Continued decline in cocoa
Ø Commercial development by government-linked agencies on rubber, oil palm, rice, sago
Ø Concurrent development on vegetable, fruit & oil palm, animal husbandry & aquaculture led by the private sector
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The need for alternatives to agrochemicals ways of farming
Ø Commercial development of cash & food crops by Conventional intensive system led to increasing application of agrochemicals
Ø The improper usage resulted in high residues on crops produce & also led to environmental problems:
Ø Contamination to waterways & ground water sourceØ Endangering & threatening wild life survivalØ Food chain destruction & weakening
e.g. Agrochemical residues in vegetables as in the next slide
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Vegetable pesticide residue (% exceed MRL)
8.8 9.8
18.3
4.99.3
3.8 4.3 3.5 3.214.9 16
05
101520
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
%
2004 to 2008: @ <5% exceed MRL
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Quality Assurance SchemesQuality Assurance Schemes
Relevant crops certification schemes:
Ø SALM : Malaysia Farm Certification Scheme – a National Scheme, DOA Malaysia initiative, since 2003 (MSGAP & EUREGAP as benchmarks)
Ø VCS : Vegetable Certification Scheme – a DOA Sarawak’s initiative, implemented in 1998
Ø DOA Sarawak adopted SOM : Malaysia Organic Certification Scheme in 2005
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Part IIPart II
ORGANIC FARMING IN THE LOCAL CONTEXT
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Organic Farming – in local context :
Ø A holistic approach on Supply Chain – From production to marketing
Ø Compliance & Certified to Organic Standards – e.g. MS 1529
Ø Old practice with new improvements – (incorporated with modern tech &
Quality Assurance)
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Ø Large tract of land under natural vegetation
Ø Relatively free from industrial, urban & industrial pollution
Ø Farming still very traditional at large- conversion could be easier
Ø At infancy stage – not easy to teach – but sure to grow up fast & well!
Sarawak’s StrengthSarawak’s Strength
Continued ……
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Ø Large plant germplasm & mega-biodiversity
Sarawak’s StrengthSarawak’s Strength
Ø Crop range fits niche & export market – e.g. pepper, indigenous rice, fruit & vegetables
Ø Gathered wild products are naturally organic
Ø Abundance of vegetation provides source biomass for composting
Ø Farmers are responsive to new ideas & technology
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1. Government initiative:
Current ScenarioCurrent Scenario
Ø DOA – Organic Farming incentives
§ SOM certification program,
Ø DOA research – fairly young
§ R&D with a few private operators
Continued ….
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2. Private sector initiative:
Current ScenarioCurrent Scenario
Ø A number of organic farms
§ Mainly private sector initiated
Ø Only 1 certified to SOM
§ Several under collaboration with DOA
§ More to go into certification Ø Many certified to foreign standards§ Need harmonisation & recognition
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DOA Organic FarmingBroad Objective
Towards the socially acceptable, environmentally friendly, profitable
& sustainable production, processing and marketing of safe &
quality organic food.
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Ø To encourage as an alternative production system for the State
Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives
Ø To develop niche, export & local market produce based on local priority & uniqueness
Ø To encourage Quality Assurance through SOM & other certification systems
Ø To develop organic industry- farmers, processors & marketers along the Supply Chain
Ø To allocate a set % of financial & human resources for a targeted increase of Organic Farms e.g. 10% per year
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Ø Policy identifying Organic Farming as an Alternative production system
StrategiesStrategies
Ø Establish State-wide service centres for executing programmes & projects
Ø Encourage & assist current farmers for conversionto organic system
Ø Increase magnitude of Organic Farming Programs & Incentives
Continued ….
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StrategiesStrategies
Ø Step up research on organic technologies
Ø Set up training centre to train staff & farmers
Ø Establish organic seeds & planting material production centre
Ø Interact closely with the Organic Farmers Association
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Specific Research AreasSpecific Research Areas
Ø Innovative production system
Ø Organic approaches to plant health
Ø Soil & plant nutrient management
Ø Organic seeds & planting materials
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Innovative production systemInnovative production system
Ø Net house & net tunnel systems
Ø Adaptable crops/varieties
Ø Cropping system & crop mix
Ø Plant & animal waste utilization
Ø Beneficial microbes application
Ø Vertical & horizontal crop integration
Ø Aquatic culture
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Organic approach to plant healthOrganic approach to plant health
Ø IPM
Ø Probiotics & compost teas
Ø Botanicals & repellents
Ø Resistant crop/variety
Ø Companion & repellent crops
Ø Animal/birds/crop integration
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Soil & plant nutrient managementSoil & plant nutrient management
Ø Soil conservation & cropping system
Ø Soil nutrient management in relation to crop removals & inputs
Ø Soil nutrient enrichment via manuring, green manure, legumes & microbes
Ø Alley & strip cropping
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Organic seeds & planting materialsOrganic seeds & planting materials
Ø DOA as source to provide
Ø To conserve, produce, distribute
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Current scenario & challengesCurrent scenario & challenges
Ø No. of farms & farmers @ low level
Ø Public awareness @ low level Ø Subject matter knowledge @ low level
Ø Interest to invest @ low level Ø DOA emphasis @ minor programme
Ø Private initiatives & motivations @ few
Ø Market & market access @ low key
Ø The challenges are to initiate & Fire the Organic Engine to run @ high levels !
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Challenges involving changes to Challenges involving changes to
Ø Policy mattersØ Farmers & staff training
Ø Publication & information disseminations
Ø Training facility & resources
Ø Public awareness to healthy & alternative food source
Ø Alternative to current production systems
Ø Organising the prospecting farmers & the business people
Ø DOA financial & human resources allocations
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Constraints anticipatedConstraints anticipated
Ø Takes time to activate changes
Ø A change to the ways used to
Ø Could be expensive to start
Ø Requires high labour input
Ø Source of input availability : compostØ Farmers at large not organised
Ø Insufficient channels for farmers interaction
Ø Expecting government assistance
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DOA Plan for Organic Farming Short Term – Fast Track
DOA Plan for Organic Farming Short Term – Fast Track
Ø Develop & intensify govt/private sector –interaction, joint venture R&D
Ø Disseminate known technology
Ø DOA human resource development
Ø Organize prospecting farmers for conversion
Ø Provide incentives & assistance
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DOA Plan for Organic Farming Short Term – Fast Track
DOA Plan for Organic Farming Short Term – Fast Track
Ø Set up commercial compost factory at north, central & southern regions
Ø Encourage private sector participation
Ø Publicity & awareness for organic farming
Ø Prioritize crops eg pepper, rice & fruits
Ø Study Supply chain to establish weak links for improvements
Ø Set up special organic food markets
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Long Term State DevelopmentLong Term State Development
Ø Draw up 5-10 year plan for organic farming
Ø DOA sets up a unit for organic farming at HQ/Regional levels
Ø Establish export & local supply chain
Ø QA through SOM & Others
Ø Establish R&D stations
Ø Intensify short term plan activities
Ø Work on flagship product e.g. rice, pepper
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ProspectsProspects
Ø World demand growing
With due considerations @World scene:
Ø Health concerns of quality food
Ø Standards & certifications
Ø Market access & Supply chain
Ø Niche & special market
Ø Fossil fuel & products rising costs
Ø Agro-eco-tourismsØ Cottage industries Continued ….
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ProspectsProspects
Ø Available large tract of land under natural vegetation
Considerations on @local situations:
Ø Natural settings of some farm land – clean streams & scenic view etc – potential for resort/tourist type related organic farming (include aquaculture)
Ø Large crop diversity & range- good for niche & specialty produce
Continued ….
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ProspectsProspects
Ø Ethnic diversity – especially tourism/organic products @ cottage levels e.g. bags, clothes
Ø High rural population & poverty – an incentive to richness
Ø Low industrial pollution – good air
Ø Innovative & trainable farmers
Ø Amicable climates & luxuriant vegetation
Ø Young & growing industry
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Potential Organic ProductsPotential Organic Products
Ø Rice – specialty, high quality & coloured
Specific unique & niche market crops
Ø Pepper – creamy, decorticated
Ø Fruits – indigenous types
Ø Annuals – indigenous vegetables, field crops & herbs
Ø Aquaculture – indigenous fish
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ProspectsProspects
Picasaweb
Potential Organic Non food Products
Ø Agro-ecotourism based on rural scenic organic farms
Ø Local handicrafts/souvenir using organic materials
Ø Wild flowers & ornamentals –organic based
Ø Activity based packages – e.g. harvesting – customers interactive
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ProspectsProspects
Ø Sum all considerations = Prospect promising & bright
Ø Niche & specialty for export
Ø Quality assurance –to be in place
Ø Motivate farmers & investors
Ø Create awareness for local markets
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ConclusionConclusion
Ø We have Natural ‘Ingredients’ (plant, soil, water) & human resources
Ø We have bright & promising prospects of organic farming in the state
Ø We work on the supply chain throughnet-working & innovations to meet the challenges & overcome the constraints
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Indigenous fish
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