MECHANISMS

NUCLEOPHILICSUBSTITUTION

FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION

SAHANORGANIC SHORT NOTES

ox.Electrophilic additionNi/140 c uv5. ALDEHYDESA. CH3CHO+2,4-DNPH---->ORANGE pptB. CH3CHO+LiAlH4/Dry ether---->CH3CH2OHC. CH3CHO+KCN/HCN---->CH3CH(OH)(CN)D. CH3CHO +tollens----> silver mirror +fehlings---->red ppt + H+/KMnO4---->orange-->colorless + H+/K2Cr2O7---->orange-->green6. KETONESA. CH3COCH3+2,4-DNPH---->ORANGE pptB. CH3COCH3+LiAlH4/Dry ether----> CH3CH(OH)CH3C. CH3COCH3+KCN/HCN----> CH3C(OH)(CN)CH3

7. CARBOXYLIC ACIDSA. CH3COOH+CH3OH+conc. H2SO4 CH3COOCH3B. CH3COOH+PCl5----> CH3COCl+POCl3+HClC. CH3COOH+Na----> CH3COONa+H2D. CH3COOH+NaOH----> CH3COONa+H2OE. CH3COOH+Na2CO3----> CH3COONa+CO2

8. ESTERSA. CH3COOCH3+HCl---->CH3CH2OH+CH3OHB. CH3COOCH3+NaOH----> CH3CH2ONa+CH3OH

9. ACYL CHLORIDESA. CH3COCl+H2O-------------------->CH3COOH(carb. acids)+HClB. CH3COCl+CH3NH2 (amine)---->CH3CONHCH3(alkane)+HClC. CH3COCl+CH3OH (alcohol)---->CH3COOCH3(ester)+HClD. CH3COCl+Conc.NH3------------>CH3CONH2(amide)+HCl

1. ALKANEA. CH4+O2---->CO2+H2O (combustion)B. CH4+Cl2-------->CH3Cl+HCl (free radical substitution)

2. ALKENEA. CH2=CH2+H2--------------->CH3-CH3 (alkane)B. CH2=CH2+Br2------------>CH2Br-CH2Br (haloalkane)C. CH2=CH2+HBr----------->CH3-CH2Br (haloalkane)D. CH2=CH2+H2O----------->CH3CH2OH(alcohol)E. CH2=CH2+cold dil KMnO4---------->CH2OH-CH20H (diol)F. CH2=CH2+hot conc KMnO4-------->2CO2

3. HALO ALKENEA. CH3CH2Br +KOH(aq)------->CH3OH(alcohol) +KBrB. CH3CH2Br + alcoholic KOH--->CH2=CH2(alkene)C. CH3CH2Br +NH3----->CH3CH2NH2(amine)+HBrD. CH3CH2Br + CH3CH2NH2---> CH3NHCH2CH3+HBr (secondary amine)E. CH3CH2Br +KCN-----> CH3CH2CN + HBrF. CH3CH2X + AgNO3(aq)---->X=Cl- AgCl (white ppt) X=Br- AgBr (cream ppt) X=I- AgI (yellow ppt)

4. ALCOHOLSA. CH3CH2OH+O2---->CO2+H2OB. CH3CH2OH+PCl5---->CH3CH2Cl+POCl3+HClC. CH3CH2OH +Na----> CH3CH2ONa+H2D. CH3CH2OH+ H+/KMnO4---->CH3COOH+Mn2+E. CH3CH2OH +CONC. H2SO4---->CH2=CH2+H2O