Organization Structure

Chapter Eight

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Learning Objectives

LO 1 Explain how differentiation and integration influence an organization’s structure.

LO 2 Summarize how authority operates.LO 3 Define the roles of the board of directors and

the chief executive officer.LO 4 Discuss how span of control affects structure

and managerial effectiveness.LO 5 Explain how to delegate effectively.

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Learning Objectives (cont.)

LO 6 Distinguish between centralized and decentralized organizations.

LO 7 Summarize the ways organizations can be structured.

LO 8 Identify the unique challenges of the matrix organization.

LO 9 Describe important integrative mechanisms.

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Fundamentals of Organizing

Organization chart The reporting

structure and division of labor in an organization

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Conventional Organization ChartFigure 8.1

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Fundamentals of Organizing

Differentiation the organization is

composed of many different units that work on different kinds of tasks, using different skills and work methods.

Integration degree to which

differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts

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Authority in Organizations

Authority The legitimate right

to make decisions and to tell other people what to do.

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Hierarchical Levels

Hierarchy The authority levels of the organizational

pyramidCorporate governance

The role of a corporation’s executive staff and board of directors in ensuring that the firm’s activities meet the goals of the firm’s stakeholders

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Delegation

Delegation The assignment of new or additional

responsibilities to a subordinateResponsibility, Authority,

and Accountability

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Steps in Effective Delegation

Figure 8.2

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Decentralization

Centralized organization An organization in

which high-level executives make most decisions and pass them down to lower levels for implementation

Decentralized organization An organization in

which lower-level managers make important decisions

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The Functional Organization

Figure 8.3

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The Divisional Organization

Divisional organization Departmentalization

that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions.

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The Matrix Organization

Matrix organization An organization composed of dual reporting

relationships in which some managers report to two superiors—a functional manager and a divisional manager

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A Network OrganizationFigure 8.7