Foundation of Individual

Behavior

What Is Organizational Behavior?

BehaviorThe actions of people

Organizational BehaviorThe study of the actions

of people at work.

AttitudesEvaluative statements,

either favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects, people, or events

What is the Focus of OB?

Employee ProductivityA performance measure of both work

efficiency and effectiveness

AbsenteeismThe failure to show up for work

TurnoverVoluntary and involuntary permanent

withdrawal from an organization

Organizational Citizenship BehaviorDiscretionary behavior that’s not part of an

employee’s formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization

For Example: performing extra-job activities, helping colleagues.

Job SatisfactionAn employee’s general attitude toward his or her

job, Although job satisfaction is an attitude rather than a behavior, it’s an outcome that concerns many managers

Workplace MisbehaviorAny intentional employee behavior that is potentially harmful to the organization or individuals within the organization

For example: playing loud music just to irritate coworkers to verbal aggression to sabotaging work.

What Do Managers Need to Know About Personality?

PersonalityA unique combination of emotional,

thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to situations and interacts with others

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)A personality assessment that uses

four dichotomies of personality to identify different personality types

http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes1.htm

What is The Big Five Model?

Big Five ModelA personality trait model that examines

five traits: 1.Extraversion2.Agreeableness3.Conscientiousness,4.Emotional stability5.Openness to experience

WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE?

Emotional Intelligence (EI)The ability to notice and to manage

emotional cues and information

Five Dimensions of EISelf-awarenessBeing aware of what you’re feeling.

Self-managementThe ability to manage your own

emotions and impulsesSelf-motivationThe ability to persist in the face of

setbacks and failuresEmpathyThe ability to sense how others are

feeling Social skillsThe ability to handle the emotions of

others

Can Personality Traits Predict Work-Related Behaviors?

Locus of ControlThe degree to which people believe

they control their own fate

Self-Esteem (SE)An individual’s degree of like or

dislike for himself or herself

Self-MonitoringA personality trait that measures

the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors

What is Perception and What Influences It?

PerceptionA process by which we give

meaning to our environment by organizing and interpreting sensory impressions

Attribution TheoryA theory used to explain how we

judge people differently, based on what meaning we attribute to a given behavior

Can Attributes Be Distorted?

Fundamental Attribution ErrorThe tendency to underestimate the

influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others

Self-Serving BiasThe tendency for individuals to attribute

their successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors

Perception ShortcutsSelective PerceptionThe tendency for people to only

absorb parts of what they observe, allowing them to “speed read” others

Assumed Similarity, or “like me ” effectAn observer’s perception of others

is influenced more by the observer’s own characteristics than by those of the person observed

Perception Shortcuts (cont.)

Stereotyping When we judge someone on the

basis of our perception of a group he or she is part of

Halo EffectWhen we form a general

impression of a person on the basis of a single characteristic

How Does Learning Theory Explain Behavior?

LearningA relatively permanent change in

behavior that occurs as a result of experience

Operant ConditioningA theory of learning that says

behavior is a function of its consequences

What Is Social Learning Theory?

Social Learning TheoryA theory of learning that says

people can learn through observation and direct experience

Shaping behaviorThe process of guiding learning in

graduated steps, using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement

Thank you