Organs in Animals and Plants

What is an Organ?

• Each organ is made up of a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific purpose

• Most organs are made up of several different types of tissues– E.g. heart is made up of muscle, connective,

nervous, and epithelial tissue

Animal Organs

Skin

• Largest organ in your body• Protects the inner cells from damage • Defends against disease• Made of two different layers: epidermis and

dermis• Epidermis prevents bacteria and viruses from

entering the body and makes vitamin D when exposed to the sun

Skin• Dermis is the inner layer made of:• Connective tissue (blood and blood vessels)• Nerves (sense pain, pressure, heat, and cold

and send information to the brain)• Muscle (produces Goosebumps)

Lung

• Involved in respiration• lung is made of connective tissues and

epithelial tissue• Lungs coated with two sacs of connective

tissue separated by thin layer of fluid

Breathing

• Breathe in through your nose/mouth• Air moves through pharynx into your trachea• Trachea is a flexible tube that is ringed with cartilage• Air moves through trachea into bronchus, into smaller

bronchial tubes, and then into tiny air sacs (called alveoli)

• Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries • Oxygen passes from alveoli into blood in the capillaries• Carbon Dioxide leaves the blood and enters the alveoli

to be exhaled

The Heart

Septum divides the interior of the heart into 2 halves

Each halve has 2 chambers- an upper chamber called an atrium and a larger lower chamber called a ventricle

Each chamber is separated by a valve

The Heart Cont’d Blood that has lost its oxygen and is

carrying waste enters the heart through 2 large blood vessels called the vena cava

Blood enters right atrium right ventricle the lungs Blood enters the left atrium left ventricle body

Organs of Digestion

Tongue (epithelial, glands, connective, and muscle tissue)

Esophagus: muscular tube leading from mouth to stomach Peristalsis: rhythmic contraction and

relaxation of smooth muscles lining esophagus

Organs of Digestion

Stomach (epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissue) Churns food with digestive juices and

enzymes Moves into intestines

Intestines Areas of chemical digestion and

removal of wastes

Homework

Pg. 63 # 1-5, 8-13 Diagrams of Lungs, and Heart

Plant Organs

• Recap of plant tissues1.Epidermal2.Ground3.Vascular4.Meristematic

The Roots

• Collect water from soil and transport it to the stem

• Store food made in other areas of the plant• Bottom of root is covered by protective

epidermal tissue (the root cap)• Just below the root cap is a layer of

meristematic tissue (allows root growth)• Ground tissue and vascular tissue make up

centre of root

The Leaf

• Tissues work together to perform photosynthesis

• Vascular tissue carries water from root to the leaf (and carries sugar to the rest of the plant)

• CO2 enters via stomata

• Majority of leaf made of specialized ground tissue (mesophyll)– Location of photosynthesis

The Stem

• Two major functions– Transport water and nutrients throughout plant

(vascular tissue)– Support leaves/flowers (ground tissue)

Homework

• Pg. 63 # 14-18