Organ

transplantation

History Organs and tissues transplanted Types of transplant Types of donor Allocation of donated organs Reasons for donation and ethical issues Statistics.

By:

Enid

Torres

&

Alex

Melgar

Organs that can be

transplanted are:

Heart Kidneys Liver Thymus

Pancreas Lungs Intestine

Tissues that can be

transplanted are:

Bones Tendons Cornea

Vein Heart valves Skin of leg

Skin of

face

•History

01/01/0300

Comos and Damian Allotransplantation

In humans was first conceived in the middle

ages. In this account, the leg of the

sacristan Deacon Justinian was

amputated to treat a cancerous lesion.

Cosmos and Damian, twin Arab brothers

who were converts to Christianity

performed the operations.

01/01/1878

First Sucessful Human to Human Bone

Transplant

This operation, which used bone from a

cadaver, remained unusual because there

was no way to process and preserve human

tissues.

09/07/1905

First successful cornea

transplant by Eduard Zirm (18 March 1863 - 15 March 1944), was

born in Vienna, Austria.

That day Zirm first met man blinded in both eyes called

Glogar. At the same time, a boy was brought to his clinic

after an accident that left metal pieces in his eyes. The

attempts to save boy's eyes were unsuccessful. Zirm

enucleated them and saved the corneas for transplantation

into Glogar's eyes.

December

1954

Firts Kidney

transplantation

Pioneer medical team that

received the 1961 Amory

Prize of the American

Academy of Arts and

Sciences for bringing

kidney transplantation to

the world.

Left to right, Drs.

Harrison, Merrill and

Murray

Dr. Harrison, Joseph E.

Murray, John P. Merrill ...Dr. HarrisonJoseph Edward

Murray

John

Putnam

Merrill

… and others achieved the first successful

kidney transplant, between identical twins.

Murray shared the Nobel Prize in

Physiology or Medicine in 1990. In 1971,

Dr. Harrison received the Purkinje Medal

from Czechoslovakia.

Pioneer medical

team

1966

The first pancreas transplantation

by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly

(Minnesota, U.S.A.)

A pancreas along with kidney and duodenum was

transplanted into a 28-year-old woman and her

blood sugar levels decreased immediately after

transplantation, but eventually she died three

months later from pulmonary embolism.

Vladimir Petrovich

Demikhov

July

18,

1916

November

22,

1998Kulini Farm(Volgograd Oblast)

Moscow

(Russian

Federation)

1947 - The first isolated lung transplantation1948 - The first liver transplantation1951 - The world's first orthotopic heart transplant without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass1952 - The world's first mammarno-coronary bypass surgery (1988 - State Prize)1954 - The first transplant second head dog

First operations in the

World made by Demichov:

1937 - The first artificial heart 1946 - The first Heterotopic heart transplantation 1946 - The first transfer complex heart-lung

1967

Christiaan Neethling

Barnard (8 November 1922 –

2 September 2001) was a South

African cardiac surgeon who

performed the world's first

successful human-to-human

heart transplant. Christian Barnard

all his life considered Demikhov his

teacher.

1979

First successful live-

donor partial pancreas

transplant by David E

Sutherland.

First successful ovarian transplant

by Dr P N Mhatre (wadia hospital

mumbai,India)

2005

2008

First successful

transplantation of

near total area

(80%) of face,

(including palate,

nose, cheeks, and

eyelid by Maria

Siemionow

(Cleveland, USA)

• Types of transplant

Autograft

Allograft and allotransplantation

Isograft

Xenograft and xenotransplantation

Split transplants

Domino transplants

Autotransplantation

Transplant of tissue to the same person. Sometimes this is

done with surplus tissue, or tissue that can regenerate, or

tissues more desperately needed elsewhere (examples

include skin grafts, vein extraction for CABG, etc.)

Allotransplantation

and

Allograft

An allograft is a transplant of an organ or tissue

between two genetically non-identical members of

the same species.

Due to the genetic difference between the organ

and the recipient, the recipient's immune system

will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to

destroy it, causing transplant rejection.

Isograft

Isografts are differentiated from other

types of transplants because while they

are anatomically identical to allografts,

they do not trigger an immune response.

Xenograft

and

xenotransplantation

A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to

another. An example is porcine heart valve transplant,

which is quite common and successful.

Split transplants

Sometimes a deceased-donor organ,

usually a liver, may be divided between

two recipients, especially an adult and a

child.

Domino transplants

This term also refers to a series of living donor

transplants in which one donor donates to the highest

recipient on the waiting list and the transplant center

utilizes that donation to facilitate multiple transplants.

These other transplants are otherwise impossible due

to blood type or antibody barriers to transplantation.

•Types of donor

• Living donor Deceased donor

Organ donors may be living, or brain dead. That is,

their breathing and heartbeat has ceased. They are

referred to as cadaveric donors.

Living donor

In "living donors", the donor remains alive

and donates a renewable tissue, cell, or fluid

(e.g. blood, skin), or donates an organ or part of

an organ in which the remaining organ can

regenerate or take on the workload of the rest of

the organ.

Deceased donor

Deceased (formerly cadaveric) are donors who

have been declared brain-dead and whose organs

are kept viable by ventilators or other mechanical

mechanisms until they can be excised for

transplantation. These organs have inferior

outcomes to organs from a brain-dead donor.

Economy Statistics of Donor

Top 10 countries:# 1 USA $23,530,000,000.00

# 2 UK $12,460,000,000.00

# 3 France $10,600,000,000.00

# 4 Germany $10,440,000,000.00

# 5 Japan $ 7,500,000,000.00

# 6 Netherlands $ 5,452,000,000.00

# 7 Sweden $ 3,955,000,000.00

# 8 Canada $ 3,900,000,000.00

# 9 Spain $ 3,814,000,000.00

#10 Italy $ 3,641,000,000.00

Here are some statistics and facts

about organ donation for people over

50

Two thirds of the individuals waiting for an organ transplant

in 2011 were 50 years old or older. That year 2,242

deceased donors were between 50–64 years of age. Five

hundred and ninety-five deceased donors were 65 or older.

Donation Problems

In USA over 78,000 men, women, and children waiting for organ

transplants, and 14 of these people die every day while waiting to

receive an organ transplant..

More and more people with HIV and/or hepatitis B and/or hepatitis

C are going to need organ transplants, particularly liver

transplants.

Problems of

Transplantation

The number of donated organs hasstayed fairly constant

over the last few years while the number of people

needing organs continues to increase.

Infection.

CMV Infection. This is a viral infection which usually

comes on about four weeks after transplant.

THANKS…