origin of filipinos

7/27/2019 Origin of Filipinos

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Our Early Ancestors

FERDINAND D. SALAGAN,

MA,MPA,PH.D(Candidate)

Associate Professor V

Department of Social Sciences

The First Filipinos

Who were the first people to live in the Philippines?

What happened to them?

Where are they now?

These questions on the past cannot fully be answered

even by the best scientist who study about our early

ancestors

The best explanation we have about our distant past

comes from the three main sources:

The story of Gods creation in the Bible

The theories of evolution made by human scientists

Legends and fairytales made up by imaginative

people.

A. The Biblical Story

According to the Holy Bible, all men and

women originated from the first man (Adam)and the first woman (Eve)

Historians do not believe in the story of

creation in the Holy Bible instead, they have

invented the theory of evolution or the story

how the first man came from apelike creatures

who walked the face of the earth thousands of

years ago.

C. Scientific Theories

Theory of Evolution

It is a belief that man came from

apelike creatures who lived thousands

of years ago in caves and have very

crude tools.

Waves of Migration Theory

They believed that early Filipinos came

from waves of migration Negritos,

Indonesians, and Malays who

peopled these island thousands of

years ago.

Scientific Theories

Core Population Theory

Believes that the early Filipinos came from the settlers

within the islands, not from outside, and in fact our

ancestors migrated outside to the other nearby islands

to spread our own culture to the other islands.

Austronesian Migration

Austronesian Migration (Fernando N. Zialcita)

The Austronesian Theory of Migration

proves to be one of the most palpable

reasons for the interconnection ofcultures within Southeast Asia

According to Encarta Reference

Library, Austronesian Languages,

formerly called Malayo-Polynesian

languages, is one of the world's largest

language families, both in terms of

numbers of languagesmore than

700and geographic spread

covering islands and some mainland

areas from Madagascar in the west toEaster Island and Hawaii in the east.

Both groups of evolutionist however believe that the

first man in the Philippines lived in Palawan about 25,

000 years ago.

The first Filipino lived in caves at Tabon, Palawan.

Thus, they are called the Tabon Man,

They belonged to the Stone Age culture.

They used stone tools and has no knowledge about

the use of metal.

Hunted wild animals with crude stone tools and make

clothes using simple stone tools.

They did not know how to farm or raise animals.

They were short, with bushy eyebrows, and a low

forehead.

They lived in a very harsh surroundings and it was a

daily battle for survival.

Most of the time was spent looking for food.

Waves of Migration (HOB)

Another story of the first Filipinos describes three

waves of migration to these islands

The Philippines was once connected to Mainland Asia

by land bridges which gradually sank in the China sea,

as a result of constant leveling work of ocean waves.

It was through these bridges that the first inhabitants

came over to the Philippines.

According to the migration theory, our country was

settled by three kinds of people:

1. Negritos

2. Indonesians


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3. Malays

1. The Negritos

The first people to come to the Philippines.

They were called Atis or Aetas

They came across land bridges from mainland

Asia about 25, 000 years ago.

The Negritos were very small people and less

than five feet tall.

They were called Negritos because they have

black skin, short kinky hair, thick lips, and black

noses.

They wandered in the forests and lived by

hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants andfruits.

They used bow and arrow for hunting.

2. The Indonesians

They were the first immigrants to come by the sea to

the Philippines.

They came about 5, 000 years ago and sailed in boats

from South Asia.

They drove the Negritos into the mountainsand lived in

the lowlands.

There were two types of Indonesians:

1. tall, with light skin, large forehead, high nose and

thin lips

2. shorter and darker, large nose, thick lips

2. The Indonesians

Indonesians were more advance than the Negritos.

They lived in permanent homes and used fire to cook

their food.

They lived by hunting, fishing, and small farming.

They painted their bodies with colorful figures.

2. The Indonesians

Today, the Indonesian minority tribes are found in

some interior parts of our country.

They are the:

Apayaos Gaddangs Ibanags

Kalingas Tagbanuas

Bagobos

Manobos Mandyas Bukidnon

Tirurays Sabanuns

3. The Malays

The Malays came after the Indonesians, about 2, 000

years ago.

They also arrived in boats from Southeast Asia.

They were medium in height, brown-skinned, with darkeyes, flat noses and straight black hair.

They drove Indonesians to the forests and lived in the

lowlands

The Malay were more civilized than the Indonesians.

They lived in larger villages, had government, writing,

music, arts, and sciences.

They lived by agriculture, fishing, mining and trading.

Some legends describe the coming of the Malays.

Maragtas

It tells how the first ten Malay Datus left Borneo and

came to Panay

They bought the land from the Negritos.

This legend is now celebrated in the famous ati-

atihan fiesta and dance.

The Filipinos today came from the Malays brown race.Thus, there are Muslim malays in Mindanao,

particularly in Jolo and also in Palawan

There are also Christian Malay across the country

There are also Malay tribes like the Igorots, Ifugaos,

Bontoks, and Tinggians of Luzon

Felipe Landa Jocano

(Questions and Challenges in Philippine Pre-History)

They stand co-equal as ethnic groups, without anyonebeing the dominant group, racially or culturally.

The differences are due to the differences of their

response to their environment.

On the other hand, similarities are due to the

adjustment to their environment.

The people of prehistoric island Southeast Asia

belonged to same population. It grew out of

combination of human evolution and movements of

other people.

The core population shared a common cultural

orientation and cultural elements.

The configuration of these shared elements into a

common way of life is what we call the base culture.

None of these ancient men could be categorized under

any of the historically identified ethnic groups. It was

the West who fragmented the population into groups.


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the explanation of the peopling of the Philippines

through a series of waves of migration as documented

by folk history like the Maragtas has to be

reconsidered. The undue credit given to the Malays as

the original settlers of the region and dominant cultural

transmitter must be corrected.

CAGAYAN MAN & TABON MAN

Homo Erectus Philippines (Cagayan Man)

1970, the National Museum archaeologist started to

work in Cagayan Valley through a survey and

exploration of all places were fossils and stones

appeared.

The initial problem was to determine the age of

materials.

After a number of years of study, it was determined

that the rock layer named Awidon Mesa formation wasformed during the Ice Age.

CAGAYAN MAN & TABON MAN

Homo Sapiens (Tabon Man)

It is difficult to come up with the

perfect theory, the artifacts can not

speak for themselves (Dr. Eusebio

Dizon, National Museum)

Robert Fox (Lecture in National

Museum)

Why in Palawan?

Palawan is the perfect corridor that

bridged the Philippines to Borneo.

First men who came to the Philippines

inhabited the island ever since

Paleolithic era (500,000 years ago.

When the ice melted and land bridges sank, Neolithic

era began.

It was the start of the dramatic changes in tools of

ancient man and were much superior to the tools of

Paleolithic people.

These tools, according to Fox, are commonly in the

Pacific were found in cave sites in Palwan.

There are two general theories on where the Neolithic

Man who inhabited the Philippines came from

The Austronesian Migration

Mainland Origin Theory (Peter Bellwood)

The larger Austronesian migration had

its stimulus with the beginning of

agriculture in Central China about 9000

years ago.

They moved to Taiwan either by raft or

canoes and as the movement began

and as it spread, they developed better

techniques for acquiring food from the

sea and building boats and so they

spread further.

They went to the Philippines moving

rapidly by boats. Then Indonesia,Pacific and Madagascar.

The Austronesian Migration

Island Origin Hypothesis (William Solheim)

In 1981, he came up with a theory

marked by four (4) different periods:

ARCHAIC PERIOD (man began to

settle in the island 5, 000 BCE)

INCIPIENT FILIPINO PERIOD (when

archaic period ended and stopped in

10,000 BCE) Nusantao the maritime

people who travelled from Southern

Philippines in the Mindanao Island and

Indonesia to the north ending in China

sea and passing through Taiwan.

FORMATIVE FILIPINO (1, 000 BCE to

500 CE)

ESTABLISHED FILIPINO (500 CE to1521)

The people in the last phase are

traders

Evidences:

Linguistic

Cultural

Genetic

C. Legends and Fairy Tales

The Story of Malakas at Maganda

The Story of the Brown People

Prior to Magellan's arrival, there were Negrito tribes

who roamed the isles but they were later supplanted

by Austronesians. These groups then stratified into:

hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior-societies, pettyplutocracies and maritime oriented harbor principalities

which eventually grew into kingdoms, rajahnates,

principalities, confederations and sultanates. States

such as the Indianized Rajahnate ofButuan and Cebu,

the dynasty ofTondo, the august kingdoms of

Maysapan and Maynila, the Confederation of

Madyaas, the sinified Country of Mai, as well as the

Muslim Sultanates ofSulu and Maguindanao.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianized_kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Butuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Namayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Madyaashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Madyaashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinifiedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Maihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Suluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Suluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Maihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinifiedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Madyaashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Madyaashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Namayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Butuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianized_kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrito


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