origin of star planets and life
TRANSCRIPT
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How many planets are there in our Solar System?
Poll Question:
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Taking an Inventory of the Solar System
PlutoNeptune Comet
UranusMarsEarth
Saturn
Mercury
Sun
Venus
Jupiter
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http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/InnerPlot.html
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Solar System Table of Contents:
I. SunII. Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsIII. Asteroid BeltIV.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneV. Kuiper Belt (icy asteroids)VI.Oort Cloud (comets)
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SIZE SHAPE ORBIT TEMP COMP
Which of the following criteria are important for defining a planet?
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Size and Shape: Earth is spherical, asteroid Gaspra is not.
12,800 kilometers(avout 8000 miles)
15 kilometers(about 9 miles)
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Asteroid Ceres is spherical and about the size of Texas. Is it a planet?
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Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
MoonMercury
MarsPluto
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Definition so far:a) Orbits the Sun;b) Is at least as large as Pluto.
Ceres GanymedeYES NO YES NO
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Orbital Characteristics
Mercury Earth Mars
7° Venus
SaturnJupiter
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
17°
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Poll Question:
Why is Pluto’s orbit different from those of the other 8 planets?
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Discovery of Kuiper Belt Objects
• 1992, Jane Luu and David Jewitt
• More than 1,000 KBO’s now known
• 11 Pluto-sized KBO’s
• Pluto is a Kuiper Belt Object
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How to Find Kuiper Belt Objects
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The Orbits of Some Kuiper Belt Objects
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Artist’s Depiction of UB313
Credit: Robert Hurt (IPAC)
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UB313(1500 miles)
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Should UB313 be the 10th Planet in the Solar System?
Yes No
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Size Orbit History Population
Which of the following criteria are important for defining a planet?
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193 planets orbiting other stars (a total of 155 systems) have been identified to date.
What do they tell us?
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Most are in elliptical orbits
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Gas giants are seen orbiting very close to their parent star!
Copyright © 1998-2006 Lynette R. Cook
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Three planets all within 0.2 AU (Mercury orbits at 0.4 AU!)
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Giant planets with 10x’s the mass of Jupiter.
Copyright © 1998-2006 Lynette R. Cook, All Rights Reserved
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The International Astronomical Union is
working to craft a definition that satisfies both Solar System and Extra-Solar
System findings.
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Summary
• Object size and orbit main criteria
• Historical context a consideration (Pluto is already on all of the plastic placemats!)
• Membership in a larger population will also be a consideration
• Object must be smaller than about 13 x’s Jupiter’s mass
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For more information:
Discovery of UB 313:http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/
First Discovery of Kuiper Belt Objects:http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/kb.html
List of planets orbiting other stars:http://exoplanet.eu