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Int J Physiother Res 2016;4(5):1668-78. ISSN 2321-1822 1668

Original Research Article

GRAVITATIONAL TORQUE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (GTDS): APROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY - PART 1R. Vinodh Rajkumar.Director: Prabhanjeet Fitness Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: The firm interdependency of metabolism and movement can be conceptualized and abbreviatedas Metabolic Operations Vitalize Existence and MOVE, respectively. The foremost challenge on the Earth is tokeep the metabolic systems healthy enough to support various types of body movements normally performedagainst gravitational force. Sedentary life style and disabling medical disorders almost completely excludes orvery restrictedly includes only selective full range of movements against gravity that causes tremendousweakening of neuromuscular coordination and anti-gravitational torque potential resulting in diminishedexercise tolerance, inflexibility, postural deviations, disrupted homeostasis, agonizing illnesses and reducedlife span. It is important to research and explain the deep relationship between anthropometry, physicalefficiency and health status for refining the paradigms of health education and clinical practice.Objectives and Methodology: The principal objectives of this article are to conduct the kinanthropometricassessment for an athletic male and to discuss about ‘Gravitational Torque Deficiency Syndrome’ (GTDS) as aprospective clinical terminology along with the commonly observed problems faced by individuals with GTDS.A typical kinanthropometric testing shall include (1) Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype test and fatpercent assessment (2) Physical efficiency tests like Cooper’s 12 minutes run test, Standing long jump, Shoulderpress, Weighted squats, Push ups, Sprint etc. In fact, there is no limit for physical efficiency tests as there areabundant exercise techniques in the field of exercise training (3) Non-invasive and invasive tests for healthdetermining physiologic parameters (Heart rate, blood pressure and all biochemical tests like blood glucose,lipid profile etc).Conclusion: Well-trained physically efficient individuals are so different from sedentary individuals thoughthere can be some similarities like age, gender, height and weight, so ideally none of the health reference valuesof physically inefficient sedentary individuals can be considered normal. Obtaining all the health referencevalues through stratified random sampling of very well-trained individuals on the basis of similarkinanthropometric characteristics should be considered as the advanced research work in the health sector,subsequently to derive revolutionary health education paradigms. There is always an inevitable relationshipbetween diminishing physical capacity (diminished antigravity torque potential) and almost all the diseasesaffecting human beings, hence both the strategies for prevention and rehabilitation of illnesses should revolvearound this clinical condition “Gravitational Torque Deficiency Syndrome” under the legitimate supervision ofPhysiotherapists and exercise professionals who must be capable of cutting-edge health policy formulationand implementation blending the perspectives of great Physicians like Hippocrates, William Osler, James Fries,C.E.A. Winslow, Mayhew Derryberry and holistic lifestyle coach Paul Chek.KEY WORDS: Heath-Carter somatotype, Gravitational torque, Kinanthropometry, Primal movement patterns.

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research,Int J Physiother Res 2016, Vol 4(5):1668-78. ISSN 2321-1822

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2016.161

Address for correspondence: R. Vinodh Rajkumar. # 638, 1st Floor, Jakkuramma Building, BehindEswara Temple,1st Cross, 1st Main, Mathikere, Bangalore-560054, Karnataka, India.Mobile no.: 9008424632, E-Mail: [email protected]

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International Journal of Physiotherapy and ResearchISSN 2321- 1822

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DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2016.161

Received: 24-07-2016 Peer Review: 25-07-2016 Revised: None

Accepted: 31-08-2016Published (O): 11-10-2016Published (P): 11-10-2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2016.161

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R. Vinodh Rajkumar. GRAVITATIONAL TORQUE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (GTDS): A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY - PART 1.

INTRODUCTION from practical applications.”If we could giveevery individual the right amount of nourishmentand exercise, not too little and not too much,we would have found the safest way to health”- Hippocrates, Father of Medicine [3]. “Theperson who takes medicine must recover twice,once from the disease and once from themedicine” - William Osler MD [4]. “Known as“compression of morbidity,” Fries’ hypothesisholds that if the age at the onset of the firstchronic infirmity can be postponed more rapidlythan the age of death, then the lifetime illnessburden may be compressed into a shorter periodof time nearer to the age of death” [5]. The toolsfor dealing with the health conditions of todayare not as specific and precise as those that havebeen available for the contagious diseases [6].In 1923, C. E. A. Winslow defined public healthas the science of not only preventing contagiousdisease, but also of “prolonging life, andpromoting physical health and efficiency” [7].From physical efficiency point of view, two majormissing components in the field of health are(i) detailed baseline physical efficiencyassessment (ii) re-evaluation of physicalefficiency to assess the outcomes of exerciseprescription.International Society for the Advancement ofKinanthropometry (ISAK) defines Kinanthropo-metry as ‘K inanthropometry takes themeasurement of the human body and determinesit’s capability for function and movement in arange of settings’. In fact, explaining the deeprelationship between anthropometry, physicalefficiency and health status can be the corecomponent in health education and clinicalpractice. For example, if an individual isdiagnosed with hypertension, he/she mustreceive health education about how they differfrom healthy individuals (of same age andgender) on kinanthropometric aspects, so thatthey incline to adapt healthy lifestylemodifications (regular structured exercise,healthy nutrition, eliminating health-risk factorslike smoking) instead of long-term medications.Plato (427–347 BC) said ‘Lack of activity destroysthe good condition of every human being whilemovement and methodical physical exercisesaves and preserves it’ [8].The purpose of exercises is to elevate and retain

Metabolism enables efficient body movementswhich in turn supports acquisition of nutrientfood for continual metabolism and forms themere basis of life. This firm interdependency ofmetabolism and movement can be concept-ualized and abbreviated as MetabolicOperations Vitalize Existence and MOVE,respectively. The foremost challenge on theEarth is to keep the metabolic systems healthyenough to support various types of bodymovements normally performed againstgravitational force. Paul Chek described sevenprimal movement patterns also called ascavemen patterns; squat, lunge, upper-bodypull, upper-body push, bending, twisting andgait[1].Gravitational torques acting on skeletal leversis counteracted by anti-gravitational torquesproduced through coordinated neuromuscularfunctions. It can be understood that thisessential neuromuscular coordination can onlybe acquired with unrestricted repetitiveexposure to gravitational torques for appropriatemotor unit recruitment by engaging in effectiveprimal movement patterns. It looks like mainlythe farmers and labourers of differentoccupations naturally expose their body toprimal movement patterns associated with fullrange of motion in all major synovial joints andbuild the capability to produce strong anti-gravitational torques whilst sports persons andexercisers can be expected to overlook some ofthem but will perform only if educated. On theother hand, sedentary lifestyle and disablingmedical disorders almost completely excludesor very restrictedly includes only selective fullrange of movements against gravity that causestremendous weakening of neuromuscularcoordination and anti-gravitational torquepotential resulting in diminished exercisetolerance, inflexibility, postural deviations,disrupted homeostasis, agonizing illnesses andreduced life span. Various individuals exhibitimmense difficulty in applying appropriateground reaction forces while getting up from thefloor [2].Surprisingly, noteworthy philosophies and healtheducation of great physicians remain far away



the anti-gravitational torque potential ofmusculoskeletal machinery because the body isconstantly under the influence of gravitationalacceleration on the Earth. Gravitationalacceleration (g) is 9.8 meters per square secondat sea level on the Earth [9]. “Patients on Earthwith illness can be described as people who livein a normal earth environment but who haveabnormal physiology. In contrast, astronauts arepeople with normal physiology who live in anabnormal environment. The facial fullness andunique puffy appearance of the head coupledwith reduced volume in the lower limbsassociated with this fluid redistribution isreferred to anecdotally as the “puffy face–birdleg” syndrome” [10]. But it looks like theproblems are similar for astronauts in space andsedentary / non-exercising physically weakindividuals. “Muscles lose both mass andstrength during space flight. The muscles mostaffected are the postural muscles that maintainour bodies upright in a gravitational environmentand after a 2-week space flight, muscle mass isdiminished by up to 20%”[11].Loss of muscle mass and strength are commonamong non-exercising population on Earth too.Cardiovascular adaptations result in anincreased incidence of orthostatic intolerance(fainting) following flight, decreased cardiacoutput, and reduced capacity for exercise [12].Lower value of cardiac output, stroke volume andend diastolic volume in sedentary subjectscompared to non-sedentary subjects predis-poses them to cardiovascular morbidity andmortality [13]. One of my ongoing investigationshas revealed that persons who generate gripstrength > 90% (based on dynamometer) ofpersonal body weight in each hand are capableof doing pull-ups which is one of the majorsurvival skill sets required on Earth but buildingthe grip strength to this benchmark level needsextensive strength training with weights and atthe same time, maintenance of ideal bodycomposition (fat percent, lean mass) as well.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

calibrate all the health-reference values (heartrate, blood pressure and all physiologicparameters like blood glucose, lipid profile,hormone assays etc) of physically efficientindividuals for contemporary public healtheducation. The principal objectives of this articleare to conduct the kinanthropometricassessment for an athletic male and to discussabout ‘Gravitational Torque DeficiencySyndrome’ (GTDS) as a prospective clinicalterminology along with the commonly observedproblems faced by individuals with GTDS.A typical kinanthropometric testing to formulatemuch better health education paradigms shallinclude (i) Heath-Carter anthropometricsomatotype test and fat percent assessmentthrough Jackson/Pollock skin fold thicknesstests. Photograph -1 shows the instruments usedto conduct these tests (ii) Physical efficiencytests can be personalized and conducted to testthe muscular strength and endurance using anyavailable facility. Examples are 12 minutes runCooper’s test on Treadmill, Standing long jump,Shoulder press, Weighted squats, Push ups, 25meters Sprint (Photograph 2 - 6). In fact, thereis no limit for physical efficiency tests as thereare abundant exercise techniques in the field ofexercise training. However, in whichever physicalefficiency tests the individuals participate, theyshould give their best performance like liftingthe load as many qualitative repetitions aspossible, running or jumping as long distanceas possible etc. (iii) Non-invasive and invasivetests for physiological parameters (Heart rate,blood pressure and all biochemical tests likeblood glucose, lipid profile, clotting time, bloodcount, hemoglobin estimation, hormonal assay,sperm count etc).Somatotype is defined as the quantification ofpresent shape and body composition of thehuman body which is expressed in three-numberrating to represent the relative fatness(endomorphy), the relative musculoskeletalrobustness (mesomorphy) and the relativeslenderness (ectomorphy) of a physique [14].‘Sustained applications of somatotype test in allclinical and fitness evaluations have thepotential of enhancing public awareness aboutmeasuring health through periodical somatotypetesting not just only by BMI and laboratory

Delivering health services to the standards of“compression of morbidity” needs extensiveresearch on the basis of kinanthropometry and



testing of physiologic parameters andexperiments based on hypothetical somatotyperanking system are warranted [15]. Twelveminute run test is a popular field test used formeasuring aerobic fitness devised by Dr. Cooperwho found that there is a very high correlationbetween the distance someone can run (or walk)in 12 minutes and their VO2max value [16]. Astanding long jump equal to and up to 125% ofpersonal height length can be considered asaverage athletic performance [17]. Table-1shows a sample template to study therelationship between kinanthropometry andhealth indicators.Photograph 1: (Instruments essential for Heath-Cartertest and fat% analysis)

Photograph 2:

a. Startingposition

b. Finishingposition

(full depth)

Photograph 3 : Standing long jump

a. Starting position(Toes on take-off line) b. Finishing position

Photograph 4: Cooper ’s 12 minutes run test (onTreadmill)

Photograph 5: Weighted Squats (Barbell).

a. Starting position b. Finishing positionPhotograph 6 : Shoulder press (Barbell).

a. Starting position b. Finishing position



Table 1: Strata-Specific link betweenphysical efficiency and health

determinants.

Table 2: Athletic male with full marathonrunning potential at 10 Km/h speed.


DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The detailed data of this athletic male’skinanthropometry and health determinants(blood pressure and heart rate) can be viewedin table-2. He is regularly exercising very strongathlete and can be regarded as a potentialhealth sample. In fact, all health referencevalues must be ideally gathered fromwell-trained athletes because it is possible tofind non-exercising individuals with very lowexercise capacity but some physiologicalparameters in the normal ranges. To giveadditional information, table-3 shows almostsimilar blood pressure values of three femaleschiefly differing in physical efficiency, bodymass index and somatotype.Table 3: Comparison of kinanthropometry and healthdeterminants of three females. Possibilities are high thatbased on blood pressure test in clinical set up, all thesefemales may get declared as normal but they differ a lotin somatotype and physical efficiency. Hence it is idealto develop clearly proven statistical averages for allhealth reference values from physically efficientindividuals instead of mixture of individuals as shownin this table. Just to cite an example, in fact, it is veryhard to trace the scientific basis for how 120/80 mmHghas been considered as normal blood pressure and whodiscovered the same.

VARIABLES FEMALE A FEMALE B FEMALE CAge 40 years 44 Years 43 years

Weight 90 Kg 57 Kg 52.5 KgHeight 165 cm 172 cm 153 cm

Endomorphy 11.4 5.7 9.7Mesomorphy 8.7 3.4 4.3Ectomorphy 0.1 4.1 1.2

Fat % (3 sites skin fold test)

43% 23.5 31.5

Body Mass Index 33 19.3 22.4Blood pressure at rest 110 / 85 mmHg 110 / 70 mmHg 115 / 70 mmHg

Heart rate at rest 84 bpm 48 bpm 48 bpmNever runs. Takes part only in very

light form of exercises

Reaches 2.75 Km in 12 minutes

(Athletic)

Physical efficiency(Based on Cooper’s 12 minutes run test)

Reaches 2 Km in 12 minutes

(Above-average)

It is also imperative to correlate the heart rateand blood pressure because it is possible to findvery high blood pressure with lower heart rate.In one of my evaluations, a 53 years oldnon-exercising male (height = 160 cm,weight = 59 Kg) was found to have the restingblood pressure of about 200/100 mmHgassociated with resting heart rate of 60 beats

per minute. Various other tests for healthindicating physiological parameters also can beemployed if suitable facilities are available.

DISCUSSION

Incorrect movement patterns can be seen inindividuals with loss of muscular strengthcaused by sedentary life or medical disorders(Photograph - 7). The musculoskeletal machinerymust be able to produce anti-gravitationaltorques (full range of movements wheneverrequired to prevent angle-specific deficiency)and control the desired body movements (Fig.1). Strength training with isometric contractionsproduces large but highly angle-specificadaptations [18]. While conducting fitnessevaluations, I have been observing individualswho lead sedentary life or just participate in verylight form of exercises or emphasizing on onlyspecific muscle group training whilst ignoringother muscle groups displaying any of or all thefollowing features (i) Difficulty in getting up fromlying position on the floor to standing (ii) Poorexercise tolerance (iii) Defective forwardbending, squats and lunges associated withinability to activate the deep core muscles (iv)Specific or overall loss of muscular strengthassociated with inability to do push-ups,pull-ups, parallel bar dips, full depth squats, fulldepth lunges, stair climb, jump, run and evenwalk without gait deviations (v) Inflexibility invarious tissues with or without posturaldeviations, joint pains and musculoskeletaldysfunctions (vi) Inadequate muscularity withlow or normal or high fat percentage -subcutaneous and visceral adiposity (vii)Excruciating muscle soreness or even joint painsif taking part in structured or unstructuredphysical activity (viii) Deteriorated balance - forexample, diminished single leg stance duration(ix) Health issue(s) under the control ofmedication. All these characteristics coincidewith their lifestyle adapted to sub-optimalpresence or complete chronic absence of fullrange of movements in various synovial jointsresulting in habitual lack of exposure togravitational torques. This state of deficiencyin essential gravitational torques (analogous todeficiency in essential macronutrients ormicronutrients) can create a solid base for any



kind of acquired medical disorders widely knownin the medical profession.Similarly, it is also possible that almost all themedical disorders can lead to gravitationaltorque deficiency but the extent (duration andseverity) of this deficiency is determined by theseverity of the disorder that causes temporaryor permanent disturbance to physical efficiency(Fever, Malnourishment, Infectious diseases,Obesity, Bone fracture, Joint pathology, Sportsinjuries, Surgical interventions, Congenitalanomalies, Menstrual ailment, Pregnancy,Diabetes, Stroke, Cerebral palsy, Poliomyelitis,Coma etc). It should be understood here thatGTDS can affect any age group and chieflyaccompanies Altered Body Composition withDisabilities (ABCD). Based on the variables likeage, gender, exercise experience and medicalhistory, GTDS grading system can be customizedand constructed but yet to be investigated. Table- 4 shows a sample grading system that can beapplied for well-trained individuals and also canbe used in formal health education programs toprevent early onset of GTDS.

Fig. 1: Schematic sagittal view of elbow (a) extendedelbow (b) elbow at 90° flexion (c) elbow at full flexion.Elbow flexors (EF) produce anti-gravitational torque(AGT) to counteract gravitational torque (GT) both tendto rotate the elbow around joint axis (JA). For anyreasons, if the elbow flexion is restricted for long time,deficiency in essential AGT can further lead to loss ofstrength in EF.

Photograph: 7

a. Defective lunge with difficulty in raising from groundhence applying direct pressure on the knee to get up tostanding

b. Defective squat with rounded back and poor engage-ment of Gluteal muscles.

Table 4: GTDS grading system (Sample template).

Grade - 1 Grade - 2 Grade - 3 Grade - 4Standing long jump

SprintDead lift

Clean & PressPull ups

Parallel bar dipsFlexibility

Grip strength (dynamometer)

Push upsFat %

Squats & lunges

For instance, grade - 4 can be used to indicate the peakfitness excellence. Various types of GTDS grading systemcan be designed to suit human diversity (age, gender,medical history, height, weight etc).

If preventing or overcoming GTDS is the goal,then various strength training techniques canbe performed for several repetitions and sets inan exercise program. The sequence of theexercise techniques can be varied in multipleways but two basic variations have been shownin the Figure - 2 and 3. For kinanthropometricstudies, these two variations can be routinelyopted to evaluate both the baseline physicalefficiency and post-training physical efficiencyat regular intervals (once in 2 or 3 months afterengaging in structured exercise programs).



Fig. 2: Sample horizontal format - All the prescribed setsof a technique are performed before moving to the nexttechnique without altering the sequence. (S - Start,F - Finish). In fact, any number of techniques and setscan be formulated on the basis of the fitness level ofindividuals and time availability.

Fig. 3: Sample vertical format - One set of all the plannedtechniques are performed before moving to thesubsequent set without altering the sequence. (S - Start,F - Finish). In fact, any number of techniques and setscan be formulated on the basis of the fitness level ofindividuals and time availability

power, but not as a means for improving health.There is increasing evidence that strengthtraining plays a significant role in many healthfactors’ [19]. Strength performance depends notonly on the quantity and quality of the involvedmuscles, but also upon the ability of the nervoussystem to appropriately activate the muscles.Strength training may cause adaptive changeswithin the nervous system that allow a traineeto more fully activate prime movers in specificmovements and to better coordinate theactivation of all relevant muscles, therebyeffecting a greater net force in the intendeddirection of movement. The evidence indicatingneural adaptation is reviewed. Electromyographic studies have provided the most directevidence [20]. “In the first training days andweeks, the neural component of strength gaintogether with fast metabolic adaptation leadsto an increase in muscle strength. Improvedendurance in this period could be explained onlyby strength gain and gradual fatigue decrease.The muscle strength increases as a result of therecruitment of new motor units, synchronizedrecruitment of engaged units, increased firingrate, and decreased antagonistic reactivation”[21]. Table-5 shows the strength gains of theathletic male discussed in table - 2 for fiveexercise techniques (photograph 5 and 8 - 11)using horizontal format.

Table 5: The positive training responseof long distance runner discussed intable -2. Horizontal format (Figure-2)was employed for these five techniquesin two occasions and the strength gainswere quantified as total repetitions foreach technique and each set.

‘The effects of resistive type exercise (strengthtraining) on health status have been largelyoverlooked. Traditionally, strength training hasbeen seen as a means of improving muscularstrength and endurance (muscle mass) and

This outcome measure study shows anincrease of 72 repetitions (380 - 308 =72). Inter-set rest = 45 seconds andinter-technique rest = 1.15-1.30minutes. This male who was used to longdistance running and participate in halfmarathon was able to complete fullmarathon at an average speed of 10 km/h this year when he was gainingmuscular strength. This is an exampleof how exercises can build antigravitytorque potential and improve the abilityto counteract gravitational force.

1st set 2nd set 3rd setTotal

repetitionsBarbell Biceps curls

(23 Kg)27 reps, 60

seconds16 reps, 39

seconds10 reps, 22.24

seconds 53

Bent knee dead lift (38 Kg)

31 reps, 1 min 18 seconds

22 reps, 50.7 seconds

20 reps, 48 seconds 73

Rope: Downward Thrust (20Kg)


22 reps, 39 seconds


Barbell squats (28 Kg)




78

Standing shoulder press (10 Kg pair

dumbbells)



8 reps, 21.37 seconds 30

Total repetitions 128 90 90 308

1st set 2nd set 3rd setTotal

repetitions

Barbell Biceps curls (23 Kg)

40 reps, 72 seconds

19 reps, 35 seconds


Bent knee dead lift (38 Kg)

41 reps, 1 min 34 seconds

32 reps, 60 seconds


Rope: Downward Thrust (20Kg)

30 reps, 66 seconds

18 reps, 35 seconds


Barbell squats (28 Kg)

45 reps, 61 seconds

31 reps, 37 seconds


Standing shoulder press (10 Kg pair

dumbbells)16 reps, 37.6

seconds12 reps, 25.6

seconds 9 reps, 21 seconds37

Total repetitions 172 112 96 380

Date: 28.07.2015

Date: 06.10.2015



Photograph 8: Barbell Biceps curls.


Photograph 9: Barbell Bent knee deadlift.

Photograph 10 : Downward thrust (Rope). Photograph 11 : Dumbell Shoulder press.


a. Starting position b. Finishing position a. Starting position b. Finishing position with a narrow therapeutic range and in patientswho participate in extreme sportingactivities”[22].Since kinanthropometry is still not in practice inthe medical field, the adverse effects of drugson physical efficiency go easily unnoticed. “Thedifferences between the physically active andsedentary individuals may require individuali-zation of dosing regimens. It should be notedthat there are no standardized protocols toevaluate the influence of exercise on drugdisposition” [23]. Not only do persons with betterhealth habits survive longer, but in such persons,disability is postponed and compressed intofewer years at the end of life [24]. The medicalprofession must incorporate best practicephilosophies and health care professionals mustband together and direct a positive change forthe benefit of all” [25]. Among all thirteen

“Exercise is so beneficial for health that itshould be considered as a drug. As for any otherdrug, dosing is very important. Otherwise,unfavourable side effects may occur. Some ofthe favourable effects of exercise apply to thegeneral population. Prominent amongst theseare its role in prevention of many diseases andin the promotion of healthy longevity. Butexercise can also be considered as treatmentof established diseases. These includecommonly occurring conditions such asdepression, diabetes or cardiovasculardiseases”[21]. “Much is still unknown regardingthe interactions that exist between exercise anddrug therapy. More studies need to be completedin this area before definite conclusions are madeand clinical relevance can be established.Clinicians should be aware that the potential forsuch interactions exists, especially for drugs



somatotypes discovered by Heath-Carter,detailed intra-somatotype and inter-somatotypecomparison studies on the basis ofkinanthropometry interlinking health indicatingphysiologic parameters (health referencevalues) can reveal endless information to dealwith all health issues.

“Gravitational Torque Deficiency Syndrome”under the legitimate supervision ofPhysiotherapists and exercise professionals whomust be capable of cutting-edge health policyformulation and implementation blending theperspectives of great Physicians likeHippocrates, William Osler, James Fries, C.E.A.Winslow, Mayhew Derryberry and holisticlifestyle coach Paul Chek.GTDS can be defined as the inevitable lack(health disorders, ageing) or habitual lack(sedentary or very light exercise activity) ofcomplete exposure of neuro-musculo-skeletalsystem to the essential gravitational torques toan extent the individuals lack of awareness aboutthe ongoing complex physical disabilities,altered body composition and multiplephysiologic dysfunctions as a result of massivemuscular strength deficits and cripplinginflexibility of tissues finally leading to anunhealthy, miserable and curbed life span butcan be strategically intervened to obtain partialor full recovery with individual-specificremedies through healthy nutrition, strengthtraining (predominantly based on primalmovement patterns of Paul Chek), flexibilitytraining and other lifestyle modifications likequitting smoking and alcohol etc.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of Newton’s law, it can beexpressed that Fitness Excellence Equals Massx Acceleration (FEEMA) in which mass andacceleration are actually ideal body compositionand ability to accelerate effectively againstgravitational force, respectively. Well-trainedphysically efficient individuals are so differentfrom sedentary individuals though there can besome similarities like age, gender, height andweight, so ideally none of the health referencevalues of sedentary individuals can beconsidered normal. Obtaining all the healthreference values through stratified randomsampling of only well-trained individuals on thebasis of similar kinanthropometriccharacteristics should be considered reliable fordrawing statistical conclusions and suchadvanced research work in the health sector canderive revolutionary health educationparadigms. In such detailed experimentations,gathering enough sample size for stratifiedrandom sampling from individuals with bestkinanthropometric characteristics will be theforemost formidable challenge, nevertheless,such challenges must be tackled with properplanning and team work of subject matterexperts.Improvements in physical efficiency should becarefully assessed and can be considered as (i)positive adaptation to exercise participation,healthy dietary habits and other lifestylemodifications (ii) enhanced fitness to producestrong and sufficient anti-gravitational torquesand faster recovery potential of neuromuscularsystem from fatigue. There is always aninevitable relationship between diminishingphysical capacity (diminished antigravity torquepotential) and almost all the diseases affectinghuman beings hence both the strategies forprevention and rehabilitation of illnesses shouldrevolve around this clinical condition

Conflicts of interest: None

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How to cite this article:R. Vinodh Rajkumar. GRAVITATIONAL TORQUE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME(GTDS): A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY - PART 1. Int J PhysiotherRes 2016;4(5):1668-1678. DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2016.161

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/

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