ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER

ALTERNATIVE DOSE OF FOUR ALGINATES TO MINIMIZE RISKS DURING THE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE OF THE UPPER MAXILLARY

Blanca Estela Estrada Esquivel*

PhD Clinical and laboratory teacher of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Autonomous University of Puebla Benemérita BUAP (México) & 10 B Sur #3720-301 Col Anzures C.P. 7253. *Corresponding Author

Elsa D Pérez Hernández

Student of 10° semester of the Licentiate of Stomatology degree of the BUAP

ABSTRACTFor the impression or mouth records there are different biomaterials, one of them, is the irreversible Hydrocolloid called Alginate, It is a gelling agent and viscocifier that allows to reproduce in detail the hard and soft tissue structures of the oral cavity. Alginate is commercially available in powder form, formed of alginic acid, which comes from marine algae; calcium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and diatomaceous earth; that when mixed with water, they form a colloidal sun (plastic mass). When in contact with the patient's mouth, begins the gelling process and ends in 7 minutes, in this way the exact reproduction of the dental arches is obtained. Finally, the emptying with plaster is performed, to obtain the duplication of the maxillary.

KEYWORDSDosage of Alginate, size of impression tray, vomiting

INTRODUCTION To take impressions or records of the maxilla for study or diagnosis, a impression tray is used, that are sold in standardized sizes and one of several classifications is, small, medium and large. As well as, the use of the biomaterial to perform this clinical procedure is an irreversible hydrocolloid such as Alginate. (Fig 1)

Alginate is a powder that must be mixed with water according to the proportions indicated by the manufacturer to generate a homogeneous mixture that provides the indicated properties to obtain the benefits of this biomaterial in taking dental records during the clinical procedure.

Therefore, the instructions given by the manufacturers regarding the dosage in the water-powder proportion must be respected, that is, water-alginate. However, it is the same dosage that is indicated in all sizes of the maxillary.

Whereby, they must be respected the instructions that manufacturers indicate about the dosage in the proportion of water-dust, that is, water-alginate. But nevertheless, it is the same dosage indicated in all maxillary sizes, that is, the same amount that should be used when using a impression tray small, medium and large. Consequently, the same dosage used for a small maxillary is also used for a medium and large maxillary upper. As a result, this generates an exaggerated of the alginate especially in the small impression tray.

Due to gravity, the alginate excess that is in a viscous state, tends to go to the Oropharynx, which is a risk that induces different consequences from the simplest ones such as; the gag reflex, vomit, even the most complex as; suffocation and possible death of the patient.

For this reason, the present investigation was carried out using as a basis the dosages indicated by the manufacturers of four different trademarks of Alginates, to determine the exact dose according to the size of the impression tray that goes in relation to the sizes of the maxillary upper, to avoid generating excess that puts the patient's health at risk during Dental consultation.

Figure 1. Small, medium and large classification

Source Own: Estrada (2018)

OBJECTIVEDetermine the exact dose of four different alginates, in the three

different sizes of the impression tray, to eliminate the excess that can generate the gag reflex and vomit in the patient in the upper impression during the dental consultation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Dental Science

International Journal of Scientific Research 1

Volume-8 | Issue-9 | September - 2019 | PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8179 | DOI : 10.36106/ijsr

Alginate Dose of the powder / water manufacturer

Group A U4

Cromopan

Jeltrate

Tropicalgin

Hydrogum

thSubmitted : 27 May, 2019 thAccepted : 13 July, 2019 stPublication : 01 September, 2019

2 International Journal of Scientific Research

Three groups were formed; group A = small U4, group B = medium U3 and group C = large U2, four alginate marks were used; Kromopan, Jeltrate, Tropicalgin, Hydrogum, impressions tray Rim-Lock type, digital scale, test tube in ml, biosecurity kit.

First, the dental cup was weighed to mix the alginates the result was 54 grs. The doses of each alginate brand indicated by the manufacturers were used, and the alginate overflow was observed in medium and small sizes. Subsequently, 4 grams of alginate was reduced, and by rule of three, the corresponding amount of water was obtained, until you pin down the correct doses

For each of the three sizes of the impression tray and with each brand of the four Alginates, until to not generate surplus material, and so, avoid excess or displacement towards the throat, in this way the risk of vomiting was minimized. A total of 80 records were made. (Fig 2)

Figure 2. Dosage of four alginates to not generate excedents.Source Own: Estrada (2018)

RESULTS The proposed doses for the three sizes of impressions tray with the four brands of Alginate. They are shown in the table (1). These results allowed no surplus material to be generated and prevent it from moving towards the Oropharynx, and thus, it was prevented to expose the integrity of the patient.

Tab. 1. Results of the four brands of alginates evaluated

Source Own: Estrada (2017) CONCLUSIONSDosages in a general or standard manner indicated by manufacturers for all sizes of impression trays, corresponding to maxillary sizes, they must be reevaluated. By continuing to use them like this, induce to form surpluses and simultaneously develop the gag reflex. So it is concluded that, Having the proper dosage for each size of the impression tray allows you to take a dental record with an alternative technique that provides better results, and thus, eliminate excess material which is a risk that induces different consequences.

Likewise, a favorable result is intended not only for the patient, but also for the dentist, since, when using only the necessary amount of material, the patient can be placed in a horizontal position without any risk, and thus, have a better vision of the impression tray in the mouth to adequately control the registration of hard and soft tissues.

REFERENCES1. Anusavice, K. (2004). Phillips Ciencia de los materiales dentales. España: Elsevier.2. Julio, B. M. (2006). Operatoria dental: integración clínica. Buenos Aires: Panamericana.3. León, E. (2013) Neurofisiología de la Náusea y vómito, revista Mexicana de

anestesiología, Vol 36, Num 2 p 361-362. Mexico, recupeado el 11/07/2019 de http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/rma/cma.2013/cmas/132g.pdf

4. Macchi, R. L. (2007). Materiales dentales. Buenos Aires, Argentina: panamericana.5.. Sabría J, Gíner LL, Ruslpllet O, Cabratosa J, Espías A, Cortada, M. (1996) El problema

de las náuseas en el tratamiento protético. Avances en Odontoestomatología. Vol. 12. Núm 5. P. 371-378. Barcelona. Recuperado el 23 de Junio de 2017 de http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/67859/1/118407.pdf

PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8179 | DOI : 10.36106/ijsrVolume-8 | Issue-9 | September - 2019

Alginate Dose of the powder / water manufacturer

Group A U4

Alginate/water

Group BU3

Alginate/water

Group CU2

Alginate/waterCromopan 18grs /40 ml 7grs/15.5ml 9grs/20ml 12grs/26ml

Jeltrate 14grs /38 ml 7grs/20.3ml 9 grs/20ml 8grs/21.7ml

Tropicalgin 42grs/39ml 14grs/29ml 15grs/30ml 17grs/32mlHydrogum 18grs/36ml 9grs/18ml 14grs/28ml 15grs/30ml