origins of disparities aim: explain disparities and inequities that occur within countries
TRANSCRIPT
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Origins of Disparities
AIM: Explain disparities and inequities that occur within
countries
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Economic Indicators
-Indicators of economic development highlight global in equalities between countries very effectively….
But…
What about within countries?
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Within Countries Differences in development tend to be
based on Location Ethnicity Gender
Because of this, the difference between regions and districts country can usually be quantified by using composite or quantitative indicators such as the HPI (Human Poverty Index)
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What is the HPI?
Measures standard of living Divided into Two versions
HPI-1 –Developing Countries HPI-2 –Industrialized Countries
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How does it compare to the other composite indicators?
Indicator Longevity Knowledge Decent Standard of Living
HDI Life expectancy at birth
1. Adult literacy rate
2. Combined school enrolment ratio
Adjusted per capita income in PPP$
Adjusted per capita income in PPP$ based on female and male earned income
GDI Female and male life expectancy at birth
1.Female and Male literacy rates
2. Female and male combined school enrolment ratios
Adjusted per capita income in PPP$ based on female and male earned income
HPI-1 Percentage of people not expected to survive to age 40
Adult literacy rate Percentage of people without access to safe water
Percentage of people without access to health services
Percentage of underweight children under 5
HPI-2 Percentage of people not expected to survive to age 60
Adult Functional illiteracy rate
Percentage of people living below the income poverty line (50% of median disposable income)
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For example:
Using HPI-1 you will find that human deprivation is much higher in Bihar (Northeastern India where the HPI-1 is 54%) than in Kerala, a state in south India where the HPI-1 is only 23%.
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Could the Internet be used as a indicator?
Why? Access to information and education
South Africa – Average internet users earns 7 times the national average income.
Latin America- 90% of internet users are in the upper income group.
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Furthermore….
Internet users tend to be those with higher education Internet Users with at least 1 UNI
degree: Globally-30% U.K.- 50% China – 60% Irleand-70%
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Rural and Urban
In LEDCs significant differences arise between Urban and Rural areas. But why?
Answer: cities are usually the first to receive investment and improvements.
In LEDCs, this is pity because most of the people live in rural villages and farming areas- Thus the gap widens
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Why else do disparities arise within countries?
Read page 24 in Study Guide notes