origins of government. forms of government as distinguished by aristotle ruled by one, a few, and...
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Political TriangleTRANSCRIPT
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Origins of Government
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Forms Of Government As distinguished by Aristotle
Ruled by One, a Few, and All
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Political Triangle
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Libertarian
Libertarianism
Totalitarian
Socialism
authoritarianism
U.S.S.R Authoritarian
Saudi Arabia
USA
Great Britain
Nazi Germany
Sweden Japan
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Foundations Classical Ancient philosophers
Greek and Roman Direct and representative Democracy
Natural Philosophers Colonial historyConclusion: Government should be the servant of the
people Aristotle
Government should be limited by a higher law or Constitution
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Why do we have governments John Locke=political philosopher
Natural rights philosophy What would life be if there was no
government? = state of nature Our Human Nature
Self-interest Not all people are good
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The need for a Government The need for authority The need to protect natural rights from human
nature Legitimate Government = consent from
the peopleI.e. a representative democracy
Illegitimate Government = no consent from the people
i.e. a totalitarian governmentSocial Contract
Agreement between government and the people
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What if Government does not do its job According to John Locke =
Government obtains its authority from the people = Social Contract
People give authority People can take it away The right to revolution
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Constitutional Governments
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Constitutional Governments A Constitutional Government has limits
Limited Governments = restrains in the power of government Constitution = customs, traditions, rules, and
laws a government operated under Written and unwritten
Unlimited Governments = no retrains in the power of government
A Constitution is the higher law of a nation
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Characteristics Provides the basic rights to all citizens It gives government a set of
responsibilities Acknowledges private domain
government cannot interfere in certain areas of individuals’ lives
Gives government limitations Open to the change of time
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The Founders’ view on Constitutional Governments
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Characteristics of a Constitution Provides the basic rights to all citizens It gives government a set of responsibilities Private domain
government cannot interfere in certain areas of individuals’ lives
Gives Government limitations Open to the change of time
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A Constitution should place limits on government Limited Governments Unlimited Governments
Totalitarianism Dictatorship
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Constitutional Governments Constitution = customs, traditions,
rules, and laws that a government operates under Written and unwritten
USA and UK What is an “unwritten” Constitution?
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Written The “written” Constitution
Unwritten President’s cabinet Congressional Committees Political Parties Judicial Review
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Democracy Compromises different political
formulas Belief in open society, civil rights, and
free elections Voting majority override minority Human rights
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The Common Good Serving everybody in the country
Working to help others and promote the common good = civic virtue
The founding fathers thought civic virtue was important for a republican government.
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A Republican Government The founding fathers believed most of
the people had civic virtue distrustful of direct democracies
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Representative vs Direct the people elect
representatives to carry out their wishes in government for them.
government exists to serve the people, not vice-versa.
If the leaders do not live up to the expectations, those leaders will not get re-elected for more terms of office.
all voters in a community meet to make laws
All voters determine what actions to take.
works with small groups.
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Representative Democracy
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Pillars of Democracy Sovereignty of the people Government based upon consent of the governed Majority rule Minority rights Guarantee of basic human rights Free and fair elections Equality before the law Due process of law Constitutional limits on government Social, economic, and political pluralism Values of tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation, and
compromise
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Five Cornerstones of an ideal Democracy Robert A. Dahl
Equality of voting Effective participation Enlighten understanding Citizen control the agenda inclusion