ORIGINS OF THE COLD WARORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR•Why did it happen?

–Incompatible systems–Resentment from WWII

•The UN–First meeting–Branches–Purposes

•Truman v. Stalin•Differing post WWII goals•Action-Reaction or Cause and Effect

–Satellite nations leads to containment policy

•Why did it happen?–Incompatible systems–Resentment from WWII

•The UN–First meeting–Branches–Purposes

•Truman v. Stalin•Differing post WWII goals•Action-Reaction or Cause and Effect

–Satellite nations leads to containment policy

• 1946 speeches heat things up– Stalin and Churchill (the “Iron Curatin”)

• 1946 speeches heat things up– Stalin and Churchill (the “Iron Curatin”)

• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case,

and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.

• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case,

and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.

• State of hostility created becomes known as the Cold War

• Early Cold War “battles” include– Truman Doctrine– Marshall Plan– Unification of Germany– Berlin Blockade/Airlift– Formation of NATO– Point Four Plan

• State of hostility created becomes known as the Cold War

• Early Cold War “battles” include– Truman Doctrine– Marshall Plan– Unification of Germany– Berlin Blockade/Airlift– Formation of NATO– Point Four Plan

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

Provided Greece and Turkey with over $400 million to rebuild and prevent the spread of communism into there nations

Provided Greece and Turkey with over $400 million to rebuild and prevent the spread of communism into there nations

The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan

Sect. of State George Marshall’s plan to help Western Europe recover from war and prevent spread of communism

Sect. of State George Marshall’s plan to help Western Europe recover from war and prevent spread of communism

Situation in GermanySituation in Germany

•US wants Germany to be productive, so in 1948 they unify their sectors•Stalin is enraged he implements the Berlin Blockade•US response becomes known as the Berlin Airlift•USSR backs off 11 months later

•US wants Germany to be productive, so in 1948 they unify their sectors•Stalin is enraged he implements the Berlin Blockade•US response becomes known as the Berlin Airlift•USSR backs off 11 months later

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift

Outcome of Berlin AirliftOutcome of Berlin Airlift

•USSR looks bad-guys, US looks like good-guys•By 1949 West Germany is formed with Bonn as capital and East Germany is formed with East Berlin as capital

•USSR looks bad-guys, US looks like good-guys•By 1949 West Germany is formed with Bonn as capital and East Germany is formed with East Berlin as capital

NATOvs.

Warsaw Pact

NATOvs.

Warsaw Pact

•Fearing further Soviet aggression, US forms NATO in 1949•1st peacetime military alliance in US history•By 1955, Soviets create Warsaw Pact

•Fearing further Soviet aggression, US forms NATO in 1949•1st peacetime military alliance in US history•By 1955, Soviets create Warsaw Pact

Truman does battle at homeTruman does battle at home

• Truman was given task of converting US back to a “peacetime” nation– Truman vs. soldiers– GI Bill– AEC– Economic troubles

• Material shortages, strikes(most were over wages), inflation(prices up 25%)

– 1946 midterms– Taft-Hartley Act, lower income taxes, cut

social programs, 22nd Amendment, Presidential Succession Act

• Truman was given task of converting US back to a “peacetime” nation– Truman vs. soldiers– GI Bill– AEC– Economic troubles

• Material shortages, strikes(most were over wages), inflation(prices up 25%)

– 1946 midterms– Taft-Hartley Act, lower income taxes, cut

social programs, 22nd Amendment, Presidential Succession Act

• Truman, The Fair Deal and Congress– Civil Rights– Foreign policy record– Do Nothing, Good for Nothing 80th Congress

• 1948 Election– Republicans-Dewey and Warren– Democrats split, wound up with Truman– Dixiecrats-racisits– Progressives-communists

• Truman v. Dewey• Truman v. 80th Congress• Despite many predicting a Dewey win,

Truman wins a narrow victory

• Truman, The Fair Deal and Congress– Civil Rights– Foreign policy record– Do Nothing, Good for Nothing 80th Congress

• 1948 Election– Republicans-Dewey and Warren– Democrats split, wound up with Truman– Dixiecrats-racisits– Progressives-communists

• Truman v. Dewey• Truman v. 80th Congress• Despite many predicting a Dewey win,

Truman wins a narrow victory

• Truman and Congress• New Red Scare

– Loyalty Review Board– HUAC

• Hiss

– Atomic bomb spy case– China falling– McCarthy– McCarran Internal Security Act– Rosenberg Spy Case

• Korean War– Post WWII situation– North Korea invades– UN action

• Truman and Congress• New Red Scare

– Loyalty Review Board– HUAC

• Hiss

– Atomic bomb spy case– China falling– McCarthy– McCarran Internal Security Act– Rosenberg Spy Case

• Korean War– Post WWII situation– North Korea invades– UN action

– Limited war– US led UN action

• Pusan• Inchon• New objective• China • Yalu River Valley Offensive/Battle of the Chosin

Reservior • “New War”• Truman V. MacArthur• Stalemate• Cease fire• Outcomes

• Other US actions around the world

– Limited war– US led UN action

• Pusan• Inchon• New objective• China • Yalu River Valley Offensive/Battle of the Chosin

Reservior • “New War”• Truman V. MacArthur• Stalemate• Cease fire• Outcomes

• Other US actions around the world