Ornamentation and Style in Bach and Mozart

Thomas Mastroianni

To Teach is to Serve

Ornamentation

• Table of Ornaments

• See preface to Kalmus editions

Style

• Concerto Grosso Style• Concerto Style (like Vivaldi)• French Overture or Sinfonia• Trio Sonata Style• Fugual Style• Ricercare Style• Dance Movement Styles• Improvisatory Style• Figural Style - Prelude Style

Concerto Grosso Style

Italian Concerto

• Stile Concitato

• Texture ContrastsTutti vs. solo and small ensembles

• Continuo

French Overture or Sinfonia

Partita # 2

• Orchestra style

• French Overture rhythm – double dotting

• Trio Sonata texture as contrast section

• Fugual contrast section

Concerto Style

Italian Concerto (2nd Movement)

• Vivaldi

• Continuo style ensemble

• Repetitive figures

• Bass line stability

• Ornamental solo

Toccata in E Minor

contains contrasting styles

• Prelude Style

• Ricercare Style - Renaissance calm

• Operatic style

• Fugue – Toccata Style subject

Dance Movement Styles

• Allemande – German

• Courante – French; Corrente – Italian

• Sarabande – highly stylized Spanish/English

• Optional Movements (Minuet, Gavotte, etc.)

• Gigue – French; Giga - Italian

AllemandeB Minor French Suite p.18

• Variation Suite

• Compare Praltriller at the two final cadences

Courante - FrenchB Minor French Suite p 20

Notice the shift from 6/4 to 3/2 in bars 13-14 and in the last two bars.

Corrente - Italian

G Major French p 37

Headlong 3/4

SarabandeEb French Suite p 30

Second beat accent results from long note value and ornamentation.

Ornament variation for repetition of the sections.

SarabandeG Major French Suite p 38

Ornaments

Optional Suite Movements

Minuet (B minor French Suite p 22)Two bar phrases; ¾ timeTrio smaller scale – notice slide in bar 2

Gavotte (G Major French Suite p 40)3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Bourrée (G Major French Suite p 40)

4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

Gigue (G Major French Suite p 42)

• Lively

• Often figural

• Often fugal

Mozart Sonatas

K 279 3 note trill - p 5 Kalmus ed.– Melodic appoggiatura on the beat - p 8 p 10

K.280 String Quartet texture, vocal style (m.9) –p 19

K. 282 Trills on, above or before the beat

p. 34

K. 284 Symphonic style; classic praltriller p.50

Alternative ornamentation (division) p.64 – see also p. 144 (K 332)

Mozart Sonatas

• K. 330 louré / coulé 2nd theme - minor/major p.117-8

• K. 331 Turkish style noise effects p.134

• K. 333 Concerto style p. 152 cz, p.167

• Fantasy K. 397 Opera style p.234

Ornamentation and Improvisation

The Performer’s Role in the Creative Process