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CONDITIONS MEDICATIONS DIAGNOSTICS NURSING INTERVENTIONS

Congenital Vertical

Callus

. Orthoses may be used for

symptomatic relief but

may exacerbate the symptoms in

the presence of ankleequinus (150). Nonsteroidal

antiinflammatory medications

may also be beneficial.

Serial casting should be used to

stretch the foot in plantarflexion

and inversion while

counterpressure is applied to the

medial aspect of the talus.

inversion of the heel on toe rise,

recreation of the medial arch

with dorsiflexion of the hallux, and

the too many toessign. Other physical findings include

obesity, tibia varum, genu valgum,

tibial torsion, femoral torsion,

disorders of muscle tone, and

ligamentous laxity that can

modify both the natural history and

the severity of flatfoot

casted

Metatarsus

Adductus

No medications for this disease

but treatments are identified.

Stretching exercises may be

needed. These are done if the

foot can be easily moved into a

normal position. The family will

be taught how to do these

exercises at home.Your child may

need to wear a splint or special

shoes, called reverse-last shoes,

for most of the day. These shoes

hold the foot in the correctposition.

Physical examinationis all that is

needed to diagnose metatarsus

adductus.

A careful exam of the hip should also

be done to rule out other causes of

metatarsal adductus.

For having the casts, the interventions are to

keep the cast clean and dry, Check for cracks

or breaks in the cast, Rough edges can be

padded to protect the skin from scratches.

Do not scratch the skin under the cast by

inserting objects inside the cast.

Use a hairdryer placed on a cool setting to

blow air under the cast and cool down the

hot, itchy skin. Never blow warm or hot air

into the cast.

Do not put powders or lotion inside the cast.

Cover the cast while your child is eating toprevent food spills and crumbs from

entering the cast.

Prevent small toys or objects from being put

inside the cast.

Elevate the cast above the level of the heart

to decrease swelling.

Erb's Palsy No medications for this disease Your doctor may order an x-ray or Range of motion; exercise of affected area.

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but there are treatments

identified. Though mild cases

tend to heal on their own,

exercise and physical therapy

help to ensure a full recovery.

However, if the infant has not

healed after several months,

surgery may be necessary.

*Neurolysisa procedure in

which scar tissue is cleared from

the nerve

*Secondary surgeries such as

tendon transfer and osteotomy

(arm correction)

*Physical therapy

other imaging study to learn whether

there is any damage to the bones

and joints of the neck and shoulder.

He or she may also do some tests to

learn whether any nerve signals are

present in the muscle of the upper

arm. These tests may include an

electromyogram (EMG) or a nerve

conduction study (NCS).

hydration of the patient; monitor status of

the affected area.

Metachromatic

Leukodystrophy

There is no cure for MLD. Bone

marrow transplantation may

delay progression of the disease

in some cases. Other treatment is

symptomatic and supportive.

Medications include pain

medications and the doctor may

order only those who can relieve

specific symptoms

Possible tests include:

Blood or skin culture to lookfor low arylsulfatase A

activity

Blood test to look for lowarylsulfatase A enzyme levels

CT scan DNA testing for the ARSA

gene

MRI Nerve biopsy Nerve velocity conduction

studies

Urinalysis Urine chemistry

Arthrogyrposis There is no cure for

arthrogryposis, but early vigorous

Physical therapy: physiotherapy,

consisting of stretching, splinting,

Exercises, range of motion; monitor patient.

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physical therapy can help stretch

out the contracted joints and

develop the weak muscles.

Splints can also help stretch

joints, especially at night.

Orthopedic surgery may also be

able to relieve or correct joint

problems. Medications are given

such as pain medication to

reduce symptoms felt by the

patient.

casting, etc. helps significantly

improve the range of movement of

the affected joints. Physiotherapy

strengthens and reinforces the joints

as well as the muscles, thus making

the joints more flexible and mobile.

Occupational therapy: in addition

to stretching, splinting and casting of

the joints, occupational therapy

incorporates training in fine motor

skills and ADL; as well as, tackling

psychological and psycho-social

repercussions of having a deformity.

Surgery: Experts say that, sincethere are a host of mobility

impairments in the patient,

customized orthopedic rectification

is particularly beneficial. Orthopedic

surgery, including osteotomy, may be

performed to treat severely afflicted

joints. Whats more, various other

symptoms associated with the

disorder, such as club foot, hernia

and hip displacement, are alsomanaged through surgical

intervention, and these significantly

enhance the quality of life.