ortiz, richard j.; connolef thomas p. bibliographic ... · searching. five bibliographic searchers...

135
ED 112 950 4 AUTHOR , Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. TITLE Bibliographic Searching: Main Entry Vs. Title Access, Acompaat10 Time Study.-__ PUB DATE Adg 73- / kOTE 136p.. DOCUMENT RESUME It 002 672 EDRS PRICE 'MF-$0.76 HC-$6.97 Plus Postage / / / .DESCRIPTORS *Bibliographic Citations; Comparative Ana sig; *Information Retrieval; Information See ng; Libraries; *Library Skills; *Search rategies IDENTIFIERS. English Language,Books By Title; Library of Congress; National Union Catalog ABSTRACT A timed cdmparison was made of two methods of searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union Catalog. The authors then timed themselves searching the same items by title in the English Language BoOkS by. Title and in Library of Congress National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (LC NPAC)adepositou_ card 'file arranged_ Comparisons revealed that, for a sample size of 771 items, seardling by maiMie A ntriet in the Nationalnion Catalog is 89.3 percent slower than searching by title 1.n the LC NPAC file, and it is 84.8 percent'slower than searching by title in the English Language Books by Title. (Author/EH) ********* ************************************************************* r.` * Docu ents,acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublishe4 * * materials available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to he best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproZucibi3ity are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the Microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC.Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS1s not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Re Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *******************t************************************************** \ ,4

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Page 1: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

ED 112 9504

AUTHOR , Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P.TITLE Bibliographic Searching: Main Entry Vs. Title Access,

Acompaat10 Time Study.-__PUB DATE Adg 73- /kOTE 136p..

DOCUMENT RESUME

It 002 672

EDRS PRICE 'MF-$0.76 HC-$6.97 Plus Postage //

/

.DESCRIPTORS *Bibliographic Citations; Comparative Ana sig;*Information Retrieval; Information See ng;Libraries; *Library Skills; *Search rategies

IDENTIFIERS. English Language,Books By Title; Library of Congress;National Union Catalog

ABSTRACTA timed cdmparison was made of two methods of

searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves whilesearching by possible main entries in the National Union Catalog. Theauthors then timed themselves searching the same items by title inthe English Language BoOkS by. Title and in Library of CongressNational Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (LC NPAC)adepositou_card 'file arranged_ Comparisons revealed that, for a samplesize of 771 items, seardling by maiMie Antriet in the NationalnionCatalog is 89.3 percent slower than searching by title 1.n the LC NPACfile, and it is 84.8 percent'slower than searching by title in theEnglish Language Books by Title. (Author/EH)

********* *************************************************************

r.`

* Docu ents,acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublishe4 *

* materials available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort ** to he best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal *

* reproZucibi3ity are often encountered and this affects the quality *

* of the Microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available *

* via the ERIC.Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS1s not *

* responsible for the quality of the original document. Re Reproductions ** supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *

*******************t**************************************************\ ,4

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC-SEA NG:

/

MAIN ENTRY VS. TITLE ACCESS, A COMPARATIWIIME STUDY

3

A Research Paper/7

-Presented to. ,

the Faculty of the Graduate School of Librarianship

University of Delmer

In F4lfilLment

of 97-491.02-Reseaych M'ithods n Librarianship:

t I

1

Rs arhj aper

by

Richard Prtiz and Thomas P. Connole

i August 1973

U S OEPARYMENT OF HEALTH,EOUCATION L WELSARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EOU CAT IOPTHIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRarOUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED CROWTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINAT ING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTAY CO DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NkTIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

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4.

iv4

*CKNOWLEDGMENTS

" The authors exptess thankVo Dr. M. Nabil Hamdy, Associate

Professor, Graduate School of Librarianship., sity of Denver,\

for suggesting this study; Robert Ortiz for suggestions

guidance; and D.'LIvan Timm, Louella Farbes, and Judy Holley,

s archers.in the Acquisidsons Department whose endurance and coopera-;

tion made th±s study Possible. A special thanks to Mrs. Harriet

Ort whose support was greatly appreciated.

The authors would also like to'express appreciation to

Penrose Libra University of Denver, particularly Mr. John Bretton,

Head, Acquisitions Department and Norlin Library, University of

-Colorado Libraries, Boulde, , Colorado, particularly.Mr. Eugene

Petriwsky, Catalog D

tiohs Department

meet' Mead.

N-1

rtment Head, Ms. Harriet Rebdldela, Acquisi-

, and Paul Sheldon, Catalog Maintenance Depart-.

C

I

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/

TABLE /6F CONTENTS

1

CHAPTER PAGE. -

. I. INTRODu ON:. /,

.

1

around / 1

/Problem Sta,t ement I: Main Entry Searching 2

. ,

4 Problem fatement II: Title Searching ...... . . 4.

Justifation of the Study 6

/Methodology ... 7

/ ,

Tobis Used in the StUdy 10

Hypothesis and Operational 11)efinitions 13

/ Limitations of the Study 15/

' FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER I I 17

I '. DATA ANALYSIS 19

.Sample Description 19

Time Analysis 19 '

Cost Analysis ! P 20

..,..- Standard Cost 21

Sources of Error 26

FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER II 28

III. CONCLUSIONS -.29

FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER III 30.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 31

APPENDIX A - Tables 1, 2, and 3 32

APPENDIX B - Flowcharts,J, II and III 99

APPENDIX C :-Search Rules 102

APPENDIX D - Procedure for LC Proof- 105

APPENDIX E - Filing Rules for Title,Arrangement of Proof/

Master File 109

APPENDIX F - Introduction to ELBT 120

APPENDIX G - Examples of Main Entry Conflicts' 122

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background 1

The bibliographic searcher in any 11 _rary has a variety ofL

information to gather and.a variety of tasks to Perform both in the.

gathering of that information and as a reisult of that information. .

Most generally, the bibliographic searchelr has the following duties:

1. To establish the ex t author a title of'the item ter

I'

consideration.

2. To establish its relationship, f any,,tR other editions

0

of the same title.

3. To establish bibliographic 10.story, wh ther it

is identical or closely related to another work Published

under a different title, belong to a 'series of works, or

is part Of another work:

1

4. To deter4ine whether or not the library already possesses

a copy of the work, another edition or translation, or

the whole of which it is a part.

i

-

5. To determine the cost of the work and the source from %Ali h

it can be Obtained. 7

,16. TO determine what the correct eltry will be.

The terms "bibliographic searching" or "sar/7 chine are more narroJly

/ Iconstrued for the purposes of this introductory discussion to me

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L

"looking for an LC card for a particular item through bibliographic

tools'containing LC cards. "2

The ultimate goal of searching in many kibraries, inbluding

the Penrose Library at the University of Denver, is the pre- catalog-

ing of the item. iNormally, pre-cAaloging involves the locating of

an LC card for the item in the National Union Catalog (the NUC), i.e.

locating a "match." The LC card is then reproduced, yielding "LC

copy",3

or a note is made as"to where,"LC"4

can be found for future

reproduction. In the case of an itelakin hand, LC copy is sent to

e. the Cataloging Department along with the item. In the case of a

request, a note is made on the request form as to where LC can be

found. When the item arrives LC is located, a picture of it is

taken,, and the LC copy is then sent to Cataloging along with,the item.

Problem Statement I: Main Entry Searching

order to search the NUC effectively, the searcher must know I

not o y precisely what item he is looking-for but alAo precisely.

how tha item might be represented in the NUC. The NUC, unlike pub- ..0.-

lic car catalogs, is a single-entry catalog whose single entry is a

main entry determined by Library of Congress catalogers using ALA and 4 ',..c - '..'

. AACR rul s for main entry as applicable under the policy of superim-

position. The AACR gives two definitions for main entry: 1) "The

complete catalog record of a bibliographic entity, presented in the

form by which the entity is to be uniformly identified and cited,"

and 2) "the heading under whikh such a record is represented in the

catalog or, if there is no h ading, the title.5 'In this study, the

term "main entry" is used i4 the second tense, as a heading.

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T .

3---

Under LC's policy o6Isuperimposition, a main entry is estab-

lisheCNT AACR rules only if no main entry has been established under

the older ALA rules used previous to the adoption of the AACR rules.6

Since both sets of rules are generally compatible, the bibliographic

searcheit Penrose Library uses the AACR rules to judge possible

main ents to guide his search.

The searcher, therefore, must not only be alert to that entry41.

which is most likely to be the main entry, ,but also be alert'to the

possibility that under AACR rulei a number of entries may be good

candidates for selection as the main entry for a particular item.

The partial or complete proceedias.of a symposium, for example,

may be entered under the name of the symposium er the name of an

editor, or under the distinct title of t item containing those

proceedings.7

In many areas AACR les are so vague as to the

chqice of a n entry tha he cataloger must use what he considers

to be ood judgme the selection of his main entry. As M. Nabil

has'co uded in a recent study of the AACR rules:

Above all it is ,clear ler the determination of themain entries according the rues is a rathercomplex process and one which call result in inconsistent,arbitrary or subjective decisions. The selection ofthe main entry, as specified by the rules, requires aconsiderable amount of decision making and searching

t through reference sources, which is both time-consumingand costly."8

Similarly, the searching of an item through the NUC by possible

main entries is both time-consuming and costly. The bibliographic

searcher, being a sub-professional and being expected ta find a match,

as (Puickly' possible, does not normally have the time fo sit down

. with the AAC rules in hand and inteepret them for each item he,

3

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A.

,

. =

searches. The searcher must'instead rely -Co his geWdrknowledge of4.

the AACR rules and on-his experience. He is, therefore, forced td

list and search all the possible entries that in his fudment2-h 4Library of Congress cat ger might select.as themain entry. Since

there might be a number of author and corporatcPossibilities for

main entry (as well as the possibility of title main entry) and since

the names of authors and corporateliodies are sut ect to formalization

under one or the other sets of rulfitt4i4.,by.the Li y of Congress,

i . ''"..,,... ........

:. ......

as many as four possible Ain entries ov confront the searcher and

having to search five possible main entrie§-ione item is not

ii.I'

Problem Statement II: Title Searchink

, unheard of.

It is more and more being suggested by persons knowledgable

in the library world that a search by title through a title access

tool would be quicker and cheaper than a earch bytain entry or

possible main entries through the NUC. The.advantage of title access

is obvious: in the vast majority of cases the searcher would be

required to search only one bit of bibliographic information in order

to locate the entire LC card.* Occasieally two titles would have to

be searched if the item had a distinctive title and.were part of a

set with a different title that the Library,of Congress may have cata-

loged es a set or if the title of the item were unclear due to its

presentation on the tithe page, A number of other circumstances

might require a two-title searchfor an item, but an item having more

than two possible titles is extremely rare.'9 Moreover, the searcher,

would have to be familiar y with those rules pertailn4,-to the

9

r

t

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recording of the title and these rules are considerably simpler than

the rules for main entry.

A number of studies have been done which demonstrate the

desirability of title access for the benefit of library patrons as

well., as bibliographic searchers., One

University of Michigan by Tagliacozzo

chance that a usel would approach the

sun study, carried out at the

et al., reports that "the

catalogue witty perfect or nearly

perfect information is much higher ip the case of titles than in the

case of authors (70.0% v. 41.0%)."10

Another study, don at the

A fc Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, England, by

Ayers et al., reports that, "....the title information was completely,

accurate for more than 90% Of..the''Sample, while the comparable figure

for author informai on was under 75%. , Elizabeth Tate, in a study

examining, "...the ALXIn library catalog in terms of its effitiency

in locating boo s;" reports "...the title is a more'. .

efficient-fiqing device than th If the title is

so superior to main entry in the..- location of items, it iS only logi-

cal to exploit this uper city in order to make the bibliographic

searcher's search this gh single-entry ca)elogs quiCker and less .

costly.

In a \tiu when bibliographic control is being hamper d by slow

and cumbers cataloging rules that cannot keep up with th ,delude

of items being published and when library budgets fOr outine cata-

loging functions are being strained and even cut, librarie are

becoming less interested in preserving the literary unit and more

interested in being able to quickly and inexpensively locate a par-.

titular item. The recent vote of the National I4ogram for Acquisi-

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tions and Cataloging (NPAC) libraries to have depository cards from

LC arrangedtby title rather than by main entry and OCLC's on-line

title access capability are demonstrations of the demand for and the

tility of title access,tools. Moreover, the recent publication of

Gale's English Language Books by Title13

(1970), of Abel's MA lus:

A Catalogin Service14 (1973), and of Information Dynamics Corpora-

tion's LC/ itle Register15

(1973) are evidence that libraries are

creating a commercial market for tools that permit the efficient

location of bibliographic information. Hopefully, the results of

is study will show not only tht the research methodology adopted

is a valid one, but also that th ;title approach to bibliographic

searching, and beyond that to the*bliographic control of materials,.

practical and relatively inexpensive approach that ought to be

, I.

Justi

study was suggested to the authors, by Dr. M. VaBil Hamdi,

Associate Professor of LibraryScience,Graduate School of Librarian-

ship, University of Denver. A literature search following Dr. Hamdy's

suggestion revealed a complete lack of literature on the time and

cost involved in searching by,main entry versus the timean4 cost

involved in searching by title. In a.less formal sense, the study

is further justified by the personal, interest of the authors, both of

Nwhom are bibliogiaphic searchers at the Penrose Library, Wiyersity

of Denver, and thus well aware of the great amount of time and money

goes into the main entry searching method used by the library.

,

JV

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O

Methodologymsmr

This study is to develop reliable data for the expression of

time and cost of bibliographic searching. If this study_ is to

b

develop such data, it must be concerned with the control of the.

following variables:

1. Who is to do the searching?

2. That is to be searched?

-1 3. Where is the searching to be done?

4.' What is the method of searching used?

4 k

5. What tools are to be used jn searching?

6. What'type of data is e collected?

7. How is the data to b analyzed?

These variables as listed above suggest the discussion which\

r.

7

follows.

The searching was done by five bibliographic searchers at

the University of Denver, 'en se Library, Acqu'sitions Department.

11\chAThe authors shall assume that ea searcher is competent; however,

the data collected supplies enough information to include correction

for varying compet9ies.

The material searched was selected from those'library ma - :a s

received by the Acquisitions Department from January t. arch 1973.

All' materials that were searched by the five bib ographic.searchers,

and that were estimated or known'to have an .mprint date'of 1969 or

later were included in ehe sample. Th only restri4ti.on«which was

placed; but

1,00D.

never met, was that the sample ze should not taxceed

The searching was done in'two libraries and three ocations,

,r13444

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If

8

First the samples were search/ by the five searchers at the biblio-

.

grtphies section of the, reference collection, Penrose Library,

using the Library of Congress' National Union Catalog (NUC) whose

entry access is the main entry. The sample was then taken to the

University of Colorado Norlin Library, 'catalog Department, where it

was searched by one of the authors through the file of Title II (T II)

L.C.-Depository Cards whose entry access is title. The same sample

was then taken to the Penrose Library Acquisitions Department and

searched by the other author through the Gale Research Company's

English Language Books by Title (ELBT) whose entry access is title.

Prior to searching in ELBTAthe sample was modified to conform to the

limitations of, this tool--all foreign language titles and all those

titles whose imprint dates were estimated or known not to be between

-1969-1971 were removed from the sample. Through this process, the

sample.size was reduced from 771 to'307.

The method of searching was therfore defined in two entry access

modes. One was by ti le in the ELBE and T II. The other was by main

entry in the%NUC.--_____

The searching in the ELBT and T It was done by ,the authors-since

it would have been detrimental for Penrose Library to'allow the fiveA

searchers to re-search items in the ELBT and T II after having

searched the items in the NUC.

In order to carry out the actual timing for each search.,the five

searchers were given a twolme-manusi-iEiltled, "Search Rules."

(See Appendix C, p. 100) This contains four.main S6,ctionS: a) objec-

tives, b) general instructions, c) search methodology and d) timing .

methodology. A gederal meeting was held .o those to be involved in

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6,

04

9

r the search at which time the searchers were given an opportuqity to

question any statements they felt were unclear or ambiguous. Stop-

watchesi)were then made available-.to the searchers and the sample

search began.

Since the entire searching process andjhe physical location of

bibliographic tools vary from library to lib\ary, only the time

involved in.the search through the three'tools (NUC, T II, and ELBT)

was timed. The authors realize that this is only part of the total

search mechanism.

The tools used for searching

.

Congress' National Union Catalog,

Depository,Card file, and the Gale

Language Books by Title. ,T4y are

following section..

in this study were the Library of

the Title II Library of Congress'

Research Company's, English

discussed in greater detail in the

The type of data to be collected by' the five searchers was

explained in a second general meeting. The authors asked the

searchers to do the following things: 1) continue t9 supply the

cataloging department with pre - cataloging information, 2) time, theI

search in the NUC with a stopwatck, 3) record this time in the:".

appropriate place on the data.sheet (See "Search Rules", p. 2;.

,

Appendix C, p,01), 4) record only a perfeCt match and identify it .1

with,a () on the data%sheet in the NUC search, and 5) make out a

separate data sheet for each of the possible main entries searched.

The data sheet was then submitted to careful scrutiny by the searchersA

/

/ and ali questions wereNdiscussed.

The cost,analysis by time variance method used in this study was

chosen because it is a standard accounting method,,widely used in

01.

.41,.

44

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/V 7

business and industry, and because it is an'appropriate method by

which. to evaluate the searching procedure. In this inethcid standard

searching times and standard rates of pay are established and then

compared with actual times and actual rates of pay on a per item

basis. The standald time is standard in the sense that it 'is anC

average time; no arbitrary times are used. The time variance method

yields tables that show standard times and real times for each of the

tools in which the item was searched. Since time is the primaryiAinit

Illo,.

.

applyI

,

of data, the authors feel other libraries will be able to itheirI

particular rates of pay to the data and thus determine their4

costs of searching. Such tables are readable and megningfUl once the

basic'principles of the method are .understood. The author feel that

cost; determined in this study as'k Lunction of time and r t of pay,

will. suffice to show the n)ost inexpensive method of search

Tools Used in the Study

Three tools were chosen for study and comparison: the NUC;

the ELBT16

; and the LC NPAC depository card set (which all hettA

after 3e referred to as the "Title II'file") arranged by title, lo-

cated at the Norlin Library, "UniverSity of Colorado, Boulder,

4t

loaado. This Title II file also contains a negligible number of

1cards for items cataloged originally at. the Ncirlin.Library. The NUC

the Title II files were Chosen because they are standa d tools

used by many libraries in their bibliographic searching op rations.

The T tle II file, )f course, is influenced by local filin, exclu-t

-lion a weeding practices, but basically a Title II file arranged

by tit e is a Title II file arranged by title./7

The ELBT, proickbly

tok

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O.

the littliest

4

11

wn and least used of the three tools, was chosen

/because it offers the location of LC cards by title in books- catalog

form. Moreover, since.the,ELBT uses the same foiit as the NUC, card

r &production facilities used'for the NUC can also be used for card

reproduction from the ELBT.

The NUC contains all catalog cards printed at the Library of

Congress for monographs and serials ,cataloged by the Library of

Congress as well as union catalog entries for the ame types of items.

The NUC is lished monthly with three quarter cumulations which

are then replaced by annual cumulations. at the end of the year except

at the ena of each fifth year when a quinquennial cumulation replaces

the four previous

terly catalogs of

cumulation. Thus

annual cumulations along with the monthly and'quar-

the year immediately,prededing ,the. quinquennial

, when the Deceriler issue appears, the searcher must

search through at least,six catalogs (three quarterly and three.

monthly) to cover that single year. Binge quarterly cumulations are

slow in appearing and since the yearly and quinquennial cumulations

do not begin to appear for some months into.the next year, it is not

unusual that more than six NUC catalogs must be searched. For

example, at the time of this writing, searchers at Penrose Library

must search for, an item, published in 1972 through nine NUC catalogs--

three 1972 monthlies, three 197.2 quarterlies and three 1973 thlies

(the March 1973 quarterly has not yet appeared and the firs volu es

of the 1968-1972 quinquennial set are not expected until the end of

the year).

,When the study began, items were searched through any of the

ap4propriate NUC catalogs held by Penrose Library at that time. They

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are:

1969 - ye

1970 -

,rty cumulation

71(

- quarterly cumulation,,s

July -Sept. - efuarterlycumulation

1971

J

ly cumulation

4.-March - quarterly cumulation

5

197

ct.

/Dec.

Jan.-March - quarterly cumulatibn

April-June - quarterly cumulation

July-

AUgust

12

ring the course of the study, the July 1972 and August 1972 month-

es were superseded by the September 1972 quarterly and the OctoberAA.

972, November 1972 and December 1472 monthlies were received.. SinCe

he study was done under normal working conditions, items were

searched through appropriate NUC catalogs available at the time of

any particular search. The NUC is alphabeticaliparranged according

to LC rules foe filing.:

The ELBT contains all Library- of Congress NtAd'depository cards

for books and serials in the English language for 1969 through 1971,

arranging them by title.13he card is not altered in any manner,

hence the main entry still appears on the card although it is diste-

garded for arrangement purposes except when it is a title main,entry

or when it is used for sub-arrangement where more than one item have

identical titles. The filing order of the cards follows the rules'

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.13

outlined in the introduction to the ELBT (See Appendix F, p. 118).

The ELBT was originally' scheduled to be published in three quarterly

issues and one yearly cumulated set each year. Apparently due to

lack of interest in the tool, no quarterly issues for 1971 and 1972

were ever published. Thus the ELBT now consists of one 1969-1970

basic set and one 1971 yearly set. As of early spring of 1973, Gale .

Research, publishers of theELBT, was trying !to decide whether

or ndt to publish a 1972 yearly set. Since-no 1972 volumes haveAN

been received at Penrose Library as of late July of 1973,

it is probable that publication has been indefinitely post-

, poned.18

1

pothesis and Operational Definitions

The hypothesis of his study is thatil;ibliograimic searching by

title takes lees time t bibliographic searching by main entry.

A corollary hypothesis Of this study is that bibliographic; searthIng

by title is less costly tha4 bibliographic searching by Maip'entry." 4s>

"Bibliographic searching by main entry" is defined.ag I)looking for"

a match for a particular item in the NUC from,the most recent NIJC

catalog through the 1969 annual cumulative volume.on the basis Df Pre-,

selected possible main entry or main eiries; and 2) looking for a

match for a particular item in the N1JC from the earliest appropriate

catalog to.the most recent'on the basis of preselected possible main

entry or main entries. A search is ended when the L969 volume is

closed, when th---73grreneterrt-VITCEitardig is closed, or when a match

is found. A flowchart of bibliographic searching by main entry isA.

'given in Appendix B, Flowchart II, p. 98. Time is meaiuked by a stop-

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14

watch started by the searcher himself when he opens a particular NUC

catalog and stopped by him when that Catalog is closed. This-process

is continued until all appropriate catalogs have been searched or

until a match is found. "Bibliographic searching by title" is defined

as 1) looking for a, match for a particular item in the ELBT in the

1971 annual cumulation and then the 1969-1970 basic set or vice-versa

(depending On the imprint

title page or,,represented

looking for a match for a

date) on the basis of a title taken from a

as being a title on a request form and 2)

particular item in the appropriate catalog

drawer of Nolin Library's Title II file. Flowcharts of bibliographic

searching by title, in the ELBT and the Title II files are given in

Appendix B, Flowahart,I, p. 97 and Flowchart III, p. 99, respective-

ly. In the case of the ELBT, time is measured by a stopwatch started

by the searcher himself when he opens a particular volume, and stopped

by hi wben that volume is closed. This process is repeaied for the.

other appropriate volume if e)ma'tch is not found in the previous

, volume. In the case of the Title II file,, time is measured by a stop-

.

watch started by the searcher himself when he pulls out the appro-

priate Title II file drawerland stopped by him when that drawer is

pushed back into the cabinet or when a match is found. In cases

where the drawer has to be entirely removed from the cabinet; time.is

. measured by the searcher himself when he begins manipulating the

cards in thwdrawer and stopped when he ceases to manipulate cards or ,

"191t,

when a match1i7found. Cost is defined as time used in searching

multiplied by $ /sec.

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151

Limitations of the Study

There are four major liiittations to this study. First, it is

directly relevant only to those libraries that search the NUC for

LC copy or information in the course of their searching and/or 'pre

cataloging processes. Although no figures or estimates have been

/found in print concerning/the number of libraries using such'a

method, jhere is a general opinion among members of the profession

her at the Unive ity of Denver that enough medium'to large sized

Alit and versity libraries do rely on this method to make the

2 study sef01 within the profession./

,

A second limitation is the restriction of items searched to

items not excluded from Norlin,Library's Title II file as determined

by,.

thed.r exclusion policy.19 This is a self-imposed -Iiinitation so

that the Title II file can be used to measure 4thelhalNitle

searches rather than relying on a methodoly that would only simu-

late a title search. Moreover, the Norlin Library's policy does not

exclude such a large variety of type of cards that large numbers of

ca,rds w uld not b included ine file.

A third limitation is.thn/t, since the study was done in a par-

titular librar ; the nature, of the items available for searching- -

i.e., those acquired by Penrose Library--may not reflect the nature

of items acquired by all libraries using this type of searching. and /or

pre-cataloging. The problem here is greatest, perhaps, in public

libraries that tend to acquire heavily in popular fiction and popular

non-fiction--both being areas where items tend to have an obvious

single author and hence an obvious single main ,entry possibility.

The fourth and perhaps most seri:I:mg:limitation is that the

MIL

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selection of possible ma ries or main entry was done subjec-

tively by five bibliogr c searchers, including the authors of

this study, all employe in the Acquisitions Department of Penrose

Library. Suc subjecti ity in selecting possible main eniries or

main entry may result i bias. Since ffiese searchers each have one

to three years experien e in searching, they are assumed to be compe-

tent and hence any resui ting boa 'is non-systematic.

4

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FOOTO TES FOR CHAPTER I

1This list is tagen.fro George Lowy, A Searcher's Manual

(Shoe-String Press, 1965), pp. 3-4.

2This is not an operational definition. Operational defini-

tions are _given on 10. o,

3LC Copy -- a photograph of an LC card, reproduced from the NUCand used for card pro4uction at Penrose Library, University ofDenver.

LC -- the actual card image as it appears in the

5Anglo-American Cataloging Rules...North American Text withsupplement of additions and changes (Chicago: .AmeriCan Library

Association, 1970), p. 345,

6For samples of the result\of LC's superimposition policy see

Carolyn Small, "Anglo-American Cataloging Rules:, Selection and '

Form of Entry," Library Resources and Technical Services, XIII(Winter, 1969), p. 27.

7For some examples of conflicting\main entries for the same

item and other oddities see Appendix G, p. 120.

8M. Nabil Hamdy, The concept of main entry as)represented in theAnglo-American Cataloging Rules. A critical appraisal with some

suggestions: Author main entry vs. title main entry (Littleton,

Colorado: Libraries Unlimited; Inc., 1973), pp. '129-30.

9Far a rundown:op the many ways a title.can be abused by a.cataloger, see Seymotrr Lubetzky,,"Titles: Fifth Column of theCatalog," Library Quarterly, XI (October, 1941), pp. 412-423.

10Renata Tagliacozzo, Manfred Kochen and Lawrence Rosenberg,

"Access and Recognition: From Users' Data to Catalogue Entiies,"Journal of Documentation, XXVI (September, 1970),. p. 240.

11F. H. Ayers, Janice German, N.-Loukes, and R. H. Searle,

"Author versus Title: A comparative survey of the accuracy'of theinformation which the user brings to thd library catalogue," Journalil"of Documentation, XXIV (Decembr, 1968), p. 268.

12Elizabeth L. Tate, "Main entries and citations: One test of the

revised cataloging codes" Library Quarterly, XXXIII (April, 1963),

p. 185. :,

410

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18

13Eriglish Language Books by :ride (Detroit: Gale Research,

1969/70-).

MA14RC RC Plus: A Cataloging Service (Richard Abel Co., 1973-).

Ehis tool is a microfiche it ex by title to MARC tape records. It is

planned to include retrospective material from 1965:through 1972.Q

15LC/Title Register: English and Foreign Entries (Information

Dynamics Corp., L973-). This tool is .a microfiche, egister by titleof all NPAC deOsitory cards printed at the Library of Congress.It is planne to include retrospective material from 1970 through1972.

"See footnote 13.

17Exclusion and filing rules for the .Norl:in Library's Title II

file appear in ApOendices D and E, pp. 103 -117.'44

18Gale Research Company, private communication, January 9, 1973.

19See footnote 17.

a

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4

CHAPTER II

4k.

DATA ANALYSIS

Sample Description

The total number of samples is 771. Of the total, 307 were

searched in ELBT. 771 in NUC.and 771 in Title II. The ELBT sample

consisted of 125 requests, 161 monographs, and 21 serials. The T II

and NUC sample consisted of 177 requests, 572 monographs, and 22

serials. All three types of library materials (requests, mono

graphs, and serials) were treated identically in the searelling

prodess.

Time Analysis

In order to describe and compare the amount of time involved

in searching, it is best-to express first the information gathered

from Tables 1,,2, and 3 ( see Appendix A, pp. 32-98) in

Table I

form.

Total Total

Time No. of (-No. of

in hrs. Items Entries Succesful Match

ELBT 1.56 307 310 148

NUC*

9.62 307 441 215*

T II 1.03 307 310 215

*These data elements apply only to those same 307 items searchedin ELBT.

Table I shows\that the least time was taken when searched in

T II, and that the most time was taken in NUC. There is little

6.

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20

appreciable difference between time taken in ELBT,and T'II, the

difference being .53. However, using the main entry approach in

NUC resulted in a 'difference of 8.59 when compared to T II and

8.06 when compared to ELBT. Therefore, searching by main entry

resulted in 89.3% more time than T II title entry searching and

84.87. more time than ELBT title entry -Marching.

In searching, a perfect match for the item is also desired. If

one takes this into consideration, the success -of finding a perfect

match was 247.37 higher in the title access tools.

4

Table II

Total TotalTime No. of No. of

in hrs. Items Entries Successful Match

NUC 23.74 771 1224 229,

T II 3.03 771 784 361

Table II shows that the least time was taken when searched in

Title II, and that,the most time was taken in NUC. The table also

1

indicates that for the same number of items (771) searching through

the Title II was 87.1% faster than searching in the NUC and that

the success of finding a perfect tatch was 36.6% higher in Title II

than in NUC.

Cost Analysis

The cost analysis is to be carried out by the time variance

method. This method is employed by cost accountants` to- determine

overhead variances for budget control and product costing.1

The following'deflnitions should preface an, explanation of the

actual methodology in using this technique.

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C

7

Var able cost --"A cost which i uniform per unit;-but whicfluctuates in total in direct proportion tchanges in the r-lated total.activity or

. ? volume."2StandarWcost - "A carefully predetermined cost that should be

attained. Usually expressed per 'unit."3

'Variance - "The deviation of actual results from th;,expe ted, or budgeted.result."4 ,

'\

,71----- UsageNzriance - "The'standard price for a given regource,-\-\----,,, multiplied by the difference iwtween.t e

actual City used and the total standard

quantity allowe the number of goo units

--.._____:\ produced. "5 - ___ -

ace - "Usage variance applied to fib-or nd

,\ variable overheadaP5.

-,.. .. , )-Before,t s method s employed one must establish d' t ndard

.----

cost,' The.fn-klo g\is an e planation of this procedure,

\ 0

The

Standa

Standard \Cost = Standard R -te of Pay x Stan

Rate of pa in

$/mo. Hours/

Searcher A $326 0 40 *--

Searcher B $34' @ 32.5

Searcher C $34a @ 40

Searcher D $1L @ 32.5

-- Searcher E $3 0 0 32.5

t

Totals: $1, 86/mo. 172.5 hrs/wk.

Reducing to like units expressed in dollars per second we have

Standard Rate of Pay = $.000625/sec.

The sample was then separated by person. Using the weighted

average method, an average time was taken for each seateher per

searching method. This resulted in thelollowing standard times

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NUC

NN.

'22

Sea her A1%4.9 (total time in sec)

Similarly,

25 (no. of items)

6753.5

3- 97.0 sec/itemSearcher =

,

k

Searcher4560.6

- 970 ...sec/item

Searcher12446.0

= - 68.4 sec tem182

\\.39771.4

Searcher E =474

126.1 sec/item

An average of these times gives us :the

and

Standard Time = 93.2 sec/item

Standard Cost (NUC) = $:058titein\

IYda

= 770 sec/item

Similarly, other standards were established for T II where

Standard Cost (T II)6= $.009/item.

After reinoving those samples Which w re of valid,'a similar

techniqtyas employed which yielded a

Standard Cost (ELBT) = $.011/item

To recapitulate,-

.Standard

Standard

Standard

Cost (NUC) = $.058

Cost (T II) = $.009

Cost (ELBT) = $.011

Now that a standard cost has been established let us take the

item number Al and shOw how Tables

98) were computed.

3 of Appendix A (pp. 32-

s

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in Lntry Possibi lity No. / of Al'

Year/Vol CAL:. NO

Pnc:e

' Carda

in Tnt-'

k....en0.,,,...: .. ......7--1- r--4-'-'> CD

.171 .10

'Ce_ 13 .c E- 0 ...tie . l. ,,. 0CO a D. .r.c tl .".

Ci) cil tri "rt,

A, ',..) , , a) c Tu, ... ,,,, .-.

7-7 a ,.-.c4111/4_,

, . . . ....-.

/ q 7/ CC .c . co 00.,

E 49- ao w

a Lcil CJ *E' 1:3

6S ci co 12 cp 2

a 'il, 2 i z 43u

....«Ili 1:2 .0 0 cu *

7 CI cp 0 L. 13 a

71 W.0

72 ..................w 13 VI 4:: 2 .VIV) CD 2 - (071- '

Uu E .9 u9 ..cc CD ..)

v) .0 CO 0CO L- .0 c o

, 11) 0 ii2 a al.E cy 0 L-3owo

u48 3 1.,,,

-o c,c c ms °c >= g,c -i- .o 3 (0 .5.

4,

),)

_..SEA`lr:i TIN.: 1. , 'Fir-, ' 7' ;,. % 3 /

.',,-t'AL

,---:- ---*-7-:---. - . -,-, - .. ..- , -.-,---1.-:,-.-.MK 'IN I L,',. : ,i 4 I ',) t. . ts i ,,,.1Iv 1.16:3 ;I .;

( -.. , . . 4--,..,.- 17170 4 .1- ,

1111' c..4........2. .

. . 4

, ., ,......... 1 . 57,1\7-13-if ,1----', ''''.T.-1, . ;

;-'-. .:-Fii--,--- - 7-- ' -- ... :--,-- -----.

..

s 7. ; .r.i ! ....

3% 1,;..2 '. , / - , t . , i /"*'. 34; ..l,, t .1...,:. . ., i

I., 1.; 7i, i : ..-. 17.3. 4 1/.7 ,3t..(4,. _ .

TilLE'HM V t11( St'

Studies inliggadah and Folk-literature

1991-

TFI.I

' .1. . I : .(s.

12..7.71`1.`. 1'V r'.\*,;::;,7.:1:

' i. ; i,

/1///// :// l.'/://///////fri .11111/1/1//

T:Tr.: SEA,

Studies in Ag

1971

f :r*1-1."

SrGi.

and Folk-literature.

P le 4

TITL; LP'!" L \R",-T!!

:;"01,L, I

7 6:

lb-

. 'i-- '..) 2 - I ,,

1 i ':' i1 1) 7 J . 1

, 't -"': . i ; .....,Tn'f%L:6-34

rfhor L7) .278

' : ; I itt-;

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A x AR x.T

$.0005221sec x 15.8sec

$.008

S

minus

Item Al for ELBT

S X S

RxT$.011

$.011

$.003F = Vu

pluA

$.00F = Vtot

S x AR x T

24

$.000625/sec x r5 . sec

minus

$.001F = Veff

$.010

A x AR' x T

$.000522/sec x 123.6sec

$.067 minus

Item Al for NUC

x S

R x T

$.058

S x AR x T

$.000625/sec x 123.6sec

1

$.058 minus

$.009U = plus $.019U =

$.028U = tot

$..077

el

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Item Al for Title II

k

A x A. S x SR x T R X T

$.0005221sec x 12.7sec $.009

$.007 .minus

25

S x AR x T

$.000625/sec x 12.7sec

$.009 minus $.001.

$.01:2F = V .plus $.0011; = Veff

$.003F = tot

Where

R = Rate of Pay in dollars per hour; T = Time in minutes taken for

each search; U = Unfavorable; F = Favorable.

The variance is favorageif and only if the variance is less

than the standard cost. The variance is unfavorable if and only if

the variance is greater than the standard cost. The usage variance

is equal to the absolute value of the standard cost minus the actual

cost. The.efficiency variance is equal to the absolute value of the

standard cost minus the standard rate multiplied by the actual cost.

Total variance is equal to the sum of the usage variance and the

efficiency variance. The total variance is favorable if both the

usage variance and then efficiency variance are favorable. The

total variance is Unfavorable if the efficiency variance and the

usage variance are both unfavorable. If the usage variance and the

efficiency variance differ in favorability, the two are subtracted

and the larger determines the favorability or unfavorability as

shown in'the example above.

sat

V

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Table III

Cost Vu

Veff

Vtot

NUC $58.682 $15.356U $10.820U $26.176U

T II $ 7.461 $ .621U $ .074F $ .547U

It is quite evident that if it costs $58.68 to search by main

entry and $7.46 to search by title for, same number of items.c.c?

that searching by title in this study'costs less khan searching

by main entry. How much less --$51.22 less or in our case $.07

less per item.

Also,''an efficiency expression of $.074F as compared with

$10.82U can lead one to deduce that title entry searching is more

efficient than main entry searching even though both methods are

unfavorable when considering. the total variance.

Sources of Error

There are no calculations in the time analysis to correct for

dealing with the book catalog (NUC) and card catalog (T II). Such

an operation is not within the scope of this study. The cost

analysis by time variance method will correct for competencies

of the variouse.searchers which is the major source of variakility

in this study. 1.

The amount of error due to regular stochastic processes is

calculated in the following manner

SDtot'

where

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27

SD = Standard deviation

Vtot

= total variance

Therefore the

SD(ELBT)

= IT027

.8=

SD( C)

= 1267176ILT

SD(T II)

= 4317Y

A = .7

This results in an error possibility Of 21.9% for ELBT, 0.9%

for NUC and 9.3% for Title II.

'19\

Vt.

rtk'f.t

* 1

g 4")ILa

lt

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?.: .---

.

v

FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER II

.28

1 ,

Charles P. Horngren, Cost accounting: a managerial emphasis,

2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1967),

p. 229..

2Horngren,

3Horngren,

4Horngren,

5Ibid.

Cost accounting, p. 855.

Cost accounting, p. 854.4

Cost accounting, p. 855.

6Horngren, Cost accounting, p. 847.

c.

i

p

.

c

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CHAPTER III

CONCLUSIONS

Limitations imposed on the study do not reflect their sources

of error as strongly with a larger and more representative sample.

The authors feel the site of the sample enables them to be more

conclusive in making statements about the two methods of searching.

This study has achieved its goal in that it has shown under

the conditioits and methodology previously indicated that main entry

searching is more time consuming than title searching d that it

is also more costly.

The question now arises as to which bibliographim tool libraries

might use. Unfortunately, the publication of ELBT has been post-

poned indefinitely.1

This leaves libraries with the choice of.the

NUC and T II. The cost of the NUC is $730/yr and $675 for the

annual cumulation for a total of $1405/yr.2 The University of

Colorado Libraries estimates their cost of maintenance at $4,000/yr.3

47,

When one considers that searching the T II is 89.3% faster and that

the success in finding a perfect match is 27.3% higher, libraries

must decide their priorities and choose the method most applicable

to their library situation.

I

Or

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1

30

FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER 111

Gale Research Company, private communication, January 9, 1973.

2U.S. Library of Congress Publications in Print,(Washington,

D.C.: Library f Congress, 1972), p. 17..

3Universit of, Colorado Libraries. Catalog Maintenance Divi-

sion, priva \e unication, July. '26, 1973.

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c

r

-\

31

BIBLIOGRAP4Y

Anglo-American Cataloging Rules...Nor h American Text with supplementoradditions and changes. Chicago: American Library Associa-tion, 1970.,

,

AYers., F. H.; German? Janice, Loukes, N.,'and Searle, R. H. "Authorversus Titla4 A comparative survey of the accuracy of the infor-mation which the user brings'to the library catalogue." Journalof Documentation, XXIV (December, 1968), 266-72.

English Language Books by Title. Detroit: Gale Research, 1969/70-.

Gale Research Company. Private communication, January 9, 1973.

'Hamdy, H.. Nabil. The concebi. of main entry as represented in theAfiglo=AMerican Cataloging Rules. A critical appraisal withsome suggestions: Author main entry vs. title main entry.Littleton, Colorado: Libraries.Unlimited,'Inc., 19730.2:,

Horngren, Charles P. Cost accounting; a managerial emphasis. ed.

Englewood Cliffs., N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

LC /Title Register: English and Foreign'Entries. -InformationDynamics Corp., 1973-. .

Lowy 'George. Searcher's' Manual. She String Pregs, 196% .

Lubetzky, Seymour. "Titles: Fifth Col mn of the Catalog." LibraryQuarterly, XI (October, 1941), 412 30.

MARC Plus':. A Cataloging Service. Rich rd Abel Co., 1973-.

Small, Carolyn A. "Anglo-American Cataloging Rules: 'Selection andForm of Entry:" Library Resources and Technical Services, XIII(Winter, 1969), 26-31.

Tagliacotzo, Renata, Kochen, Manfred, d-Rosenberg, Lawrence."Access and Recognition: from u ers' data:to catalogue entries."

'Journal of Documentation, XXVI September, 1970), 230-49.

. Tate, Elizabeth, L. "Main Entries and itations: One test of.therevised cataloging code." Library Quarterly, XXXIII (April,1963), 172-91.

University of Colorado'Libraries. Catalog Maintenance Division,private communication, July 26, 1973.

U.S. Library of Congress Publications in Print. Washington, D.C.:Library of Congress,.1972.

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1.

(

tr.

-.

t

)

.o-

z'

a

i

0

APPENDIX A

r

......

C

I

..1

-N.

tilar.-:-

P

a

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Table 1

ELBT

Item No.

Search,

Seconds.

-No. of

Entries

:

Searched'

AxA

'SxS

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(V

)tot

A1

15.8

1.008

.011

.010

.003F

.001F

.004F

214.2

1*

.007

.011

.005

.004F

.002F

.006F

326.3

1.014

.011

.016

.005p

.008U

411.0

1*

.00 <

.011

.007

.005F

.004'F

.009F

58.3

1*

--

.00r

.011

.005

.007F

.006F

.013F

617.4

1*

.009

.011

.010

.002F

.001F

.003F

713.7

1*

,.007

.011

.012

.001F

.002F

.006F

812.2

1*

.006

.011

.008

5.F

.003F

.008F

912.2

1*

.006

.011

.008'

.005F

.003F

.008F

10

15.0

I*

.008.

.011

.009

.003F

.002F

.005F

11

9.3

1*

.005

.011

.006

006F

.J005F

.005F

12,

11.5

1*

.006

.011-

.007

r.

.004F

.009F

13

20.0

1*

.010

.011

.012

.001F

.001U

.000F

14

11.7

1*

.006

.011

.007

.005F

.004F

.009F

15

11.8

1*

.006_

.011

.007

.005F

.004F

'.009F

16

6.4

1*

r.-003

.011

.004

.008F

.007F

.015

F17

11.4

1*

.006

.011

.007

.005F

.0140t

F: 009F

18

16.2

1*

.008

.011

.010

.003F

.1F

.004F

19

8.0

1*

.004

.011

.005

.007F

.00

.013F

20

11.2

1*

.006

.011

.1007

.005F

:00

.009F

21

12.9

1 *,

.007

.011

.008

.004F

3F

..007F

22

28.6

1.015

.011

s.018

.004U

.007U

.011U

23

15.0

1*

.008

.011

.009

.003F

.002F

,.005F

24

14-.1

1*

.007

t.011

.009

.004F

.002F

.006F

B1

13.6

1*

.010

.011

.009

.001F

.002F

.003F

330.8

1*

.0282'...

.011

.025

.017U

4014U

.031U

*Successful match

Page 38: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

4 5 7 8 9

10

11

1213

14

15

16

1718 19

20

21

22

23

R1

R2

R3

R4

R6

R7

R

Search

Time in

Seconds

R 10

*

Entries

Searched

Ax A

f6Ve 1 (Continued)

Ugage

S x S

S x A

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

,

(V,eff)

Total

Variance.

(Vtot)

17.4,

1.012'

-011

.011

0.001U

.000

.001U

27.7

2.019

.011

.017

.008U

.006U

.014U

8.6

1*

.006

.011

.011

.005

.017

.005F

.008U

.006F

.011F

.006U

$.014U

27.4

1.019

51.1

2.028

-.011

.025

.017U

.014U

.031U7,

21.4 .

1.015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

_.006U

37.3

.2

.026

.011

.023

.015U

,0121J

.027U

34.3

1.023

.011

.021

.012U

.010U

.022U

19.8

1*

.014

.011

.012

.003U,

.002F

.001U

'

.004U

.003F

.005F

14..1

1*

.009

.011

.008

25.9

1.018

.011

.0l

.007U

.005U.,

'

.012U

18.8

1a

,013

.011

.012

.002U

.001U

.003U

18.9

1.013

.011

.012

.002U

.001U/

.003U

28.4

1.019

.011

.018

.008U

.009U /

.017U

25.2

1.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

.012U

43.8

1.017

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

.010U

24.0

1.017

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

.010U

21.0'

1lit

.015

.011

.011

.004U

.002U

.006U

11.5

1.036

.011

.032

.025U

.021U

.046U

7.7

'

1*

.005

:011

.005

-006F

.006F

.012F

7.6

1*

.015

.011(

.004

.006F

.007F

.013F

7.6

1 *

.012

.011

.011

'7N-;011

.007

.001U

.063F

.000

.001U

.0041\-)

.007F

11.0

1*

.008

15.3

1*

.011

.011

.010

.000

.001F

.001F

9.9

1*

.007

.011

.006

.004F

.005F

..009F

12.5

1*

.009

.011

.008

.002F

-.003F

.005F

10.2

1*

.007

.011

.006

.004F

.005F-

.009F

23.5

1.016

.011

.015

.005U

.004U

.009U

Successful match

Page 39: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

'

Item No.

eSearch

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Seached

BR 11

12.0

1*

R 12

12.9

1

R.13

17.6

1*

R 14

12.2

1*

R 15

11.4

1*

-R 16

=13.3

1*

R 17

18.0

1

R 18

22.5

1

R 19

22.0

1

R 20

12.8

1

R 21

21.1

.1

,

R 22

21.2

1*

R 23

17.8

1,

C1

22.3

1*

10

24.1

1

13

18.7

1,

14

21.3

1

,20

23.6

122

21.2

1

23

23.1

1

27

-021.4

1

28

21.3

kI-

30

23.5

1

33

19.1

_1

D15

16.2

1

11

24.6

1

20.3

14)

,

22

17.4

1*

,,,

//

Successful match

-_....g

...

\:

--._

4

Table 1 (Continaed)

A x A.

b

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

A

.008

.011

.008

.003F

.003F

.006F

.009

All

-.008

.002F

.003F

.005F

.012

.011

.011

.011U

.000

.001U

.009

.011

.008

.0020

.003F

.005F

.008

.011

'.007

.003F

.007F

.009

.011

-.008

.002F

.003FN

.005F

.013

.all

,-

.011

.002U

.000'

.002U

.016

:011

.014

.005U

.003U

.008U

.01

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

.009

.011

.008

.002F

.003F

.005F

.015

.011.

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

1015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

.012

.011

'.011'

.001U

.000

.001U

.013

.011

..014

.002U

.003U

.00SU

.014

.011

.01110

.011

,i-015

.012

.00311.

.000

.004U

.001U

.007p

.001U

.013

.011

.013

.002U

.002U

.004U

.014

.011

.014

.003U

.003U

.006U

:013

x.011

.013

.002U

.002U

.004U

.014

.011

.014

.003U

.003U

.006U

.013

.011

.013

.002U

.004U

-0

.011

.013

.002U

I.002U

.004U

-

.014.

.011

,.015

.004U

.007U

'. .011

.011

.011

.000

.000

.000

.011

'.'Q1,1

-.)

.010

.000

.001F

.001F

". 017

.011

`\.015

.006U

4,

.004U

.010U

.014

.011

.013

.003U

.002U

.005U

e012

11-

,.010

.001U

_.001F

.000

'7

Page 40: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 1 (Continued)

Item No.

'Search

Time in

conds

NO. of

Entries

Searched

-A x A

St

x S t

,

S x A

Usage

Variance

,(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot

)

23

8.3

.1*

.006

:011

.005

.005F

.006F

..001F

24

12.8

1*

.009

.011

.Q&A

.002F

.003F

.005F

38

10.0"

1*

.007

.011

.006

.004F

.005F

.009r

54

24.0

1.017

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

%010U

79

25.1

1*

.018

-011

.016

.007U

.005U

111

23.0

1.016,

.011

.014

.0054

.003U

..008U

120

19.6

1.

.014

.011

.012

.003U

.001U

.004U

12

21.4

1.015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

jl

23.8

1*

.017

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

.010U

8'8.7

1*

.006

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

.011F

.152

27.0

1*

1

.019

.016

.011

.011

..017

.015

.g00%

.006U

. .004U

.014U

.009U

/154

23.2

/ 158

12.1

1*

.009

.011

.008

.002F

.003F

.005F

/ 164_

9.7

1*

.007

.011

.006

.004F

.005F

.009F

170.

16.4

1*,

.011

.011

:.010

.000

.001F

.001F

171.

13.4

1*

.009

'

.011

.008

.002F

I.003F

.005F

172

11.4°.

1*

.008

.011

.011

.007

.012

.003F

.003U

.0000%

.007F

.004U

173

19.9

1*

.G14

1,75

19.7

1.C14

.011

'.012

.003U

.001U

.004U

176

9.5

1*

.007

,.011

.

.006

.004F

.005F

.009F

177

24.5

1*

.0127:44,..i,

.0]4

.011

.011

.015

.012

,.00 U

.00

.004U.

.001t

.orou

. 004U

178

19.9

1*

183

20.9

1*

.015

.011

..013

.004U

.002U

.006U

192

22.7

1.016

.011

.014

.005U

.003U

.008U

196

25.1

1.013

.011

.016

.007U

.012U

E9

31.4

1.021

.011

.020

. 010U

.019U

10

20.9

1.015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

1.014

.011,.

.013

.003U

.002U

.005U

"

Page 41: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

.

Xp.

CO

a

Table 1 (Continued)

* Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

-:-

No. of

.Entries

Searched

1.

'

A X A

,

'

SxS

'

S x A

Usage

,

Variance

(V u)

.

,"4

Efficiency

:Variance

-

(Veff

)

E.

"12

I 35..7'

1,

.025

.011

.02

.014U

.011U

13

37.9

1.026

.011

.024

.015U

.013U

14

N25.1

1.018

.011

7--

.016

.007U

.005U

15

16.3

1.011

.011

.010

.000

.001F

.16

21.4

1.015'

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

17

9.0

1*

.006

.011

.006

.005F

.005F

18

7.0

1*

.005

.011

--->04

.006F

.007F

19

15.4

1*

.010

..011

010

.001F

.001F

20

14.,,_

1*

.010

,

.011

.009

.001F

.002F

21

8.7--

1*

.006

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

22

12.6

1*

.009

.011

\\11

..002F

.003F

23

32.9

1*

-023

.011

.020

.012U

.009U

35

26.2

1..018

.011

.01'6

.007U

.005U

14.1

1*

.010

.011

.009-- -

.001F

.002F

65

22.6

1;.

.016

.011

.0147'

.005U

-.003U

67

19.4

1*

' .014

.011

.01f

.003U

.001U

74

22.3

1.016

.011

.014

.005U

.003U

98

16.1

1.011

.011

.011

.010

.015

.000

.006U

.001F

:004U

99

24.1

1 -_

..017

110

17.5

1.012

.011

.011

.001U

.000

120

22.2

1-

.016

.011

.014

.005U

.003U

130

201

11

,.015

,.011

.013

.004U

.002U

131

22.

-....

- 1

.016

.011

.014

.005U

.003U

143

21.2

\,..

1.015'

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

156

19.5

A 1

'.014

.011

.012

.003U

.001U

157

21.2

\,..

1.015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

158

21.1

.015

.011

.1013

.004U

.002U

159

26.0

1.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U -

Successful match

Total.

..,

- Variance

NOt)

.025U

.028U

.012U

.001F

.006U

.010F

.013F

.002F

.003F

..011F

.005F

.021u.

.012U

.003F

.008U

.004U

.008U

.001F

.010U

.:001U

.'008U

.006U

.008U

.006U

.004U

.006U

.006U

.012U

Page 42: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Item No,

'Search

'Time in

Seconds

No. of`

Entries

Searched

1

inued)

x A

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

Vu)u

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

TOtal

Varia

(V

t

E160

165

173

210

'212

213

.2140

218

221

222

227

229

230

27.8

17.4

23.4

23.5

24.0

21.4 2

`

25.0

26.-5

22.0

29

28

20

4:233

234

235

236

237 38 9

4

2 3

\.2 2

Successf

1.019

.011

.017.

1.012

.011

..011

1.016

.011

.015

1.016

.011

...015

1.017

.011

.015

L.015

.011

.013

..013

.111

.011

.017

.011

-.016

.019

.011

.017

-.015

.011

.014

.018

.011

.016

.019

;011

.017

.015

.011

..013

8.6

1.1

10.5

11.9

16.2

10.8

12.2

20.2

21.2

21,7

25.5

38.9

7.6

14.7

match

.00hu.

.006U

.014U

.001U

.000

.001U

',005U

.004U

..009U

.005U

.0041 //

,.009U

.006U

.004U/.

.010U

.084U

.00

I.006U

.002U

.006U

05U

.011U

.008U

/,.006U

.014U

.004U

.0031

-.007U

.007U

.005U

.012U

.008U

.006U

.014U

.004U

.002U

.006U

.005F

006F

.011F

.04F

0

04F

.004F

.008F

.004F

.004F

.0p8F

103F

.007F

.000

.001F

.001F

.003F

.004F

.007F

4005F

.005F.

.010F

.002F

.003F

.005F

.003U

.002U

' .005U

.004U

.002U

.008U

.004U

,.003U

.007U

:007U

.005U

.012U

.016U

'.013U

.029U

.006F

.006F

.012F

.013U

.010U

'.023U

.006

.011

.005

.607

:011

.007-

.007

.011

.007

.008

.011

.007

.011

.011

.010

-.008

.011

.007

.006

.011

.006

.009

.011

.008

.014

.011

.013

.015

.011

'-.013

.015

-'.011

.014

.018

:q11

.016

.027

\,011

.024

.005

.011 \,.

.005

.024

.011

.021

Page 43: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

,ti

s

Tle 1 (Continue!)

-Sear `h

Item No.

Time.n

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

\\SxS

S x A

Usage

Variance

.(Vu)

Efficiency'

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

.(Vtot)

E_298

8.7

1*

.006.

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

1011F

301

21.9

1015

.011

.014

.004U

.003U

.007U

302

191.8

1014,

.011

.012

.003U

.001U

.004U

- 323

9%1

1*

.006

.011,

.006

.005F

.005F

.010F

326

23.0

1*

.016

.011

.014

C005U

.003U

.008U

327

3.1

1*

.002

.011

.002

.009F

.009F

.018F

328

8.6

1*

.006

.011

.006

.005F

.005F

.010F

329

5.6

1*

.004

.011

'004

.007F

.007F

.014F

330

12.5

1*

.009

.011

.008

.002F

.003F

.005F

331

7.6

1*.

.005

.011

.005

.006F

.006F,

.012F

332

11.5

1*

.008

.011

.007

.003F

.004F

.007F

333

12.3

1*

-.009

.011

.008

.002F

.003F

.005F

334

7.8

1*

.005

.011

.005

.006F

.006F

.012F

335

11.0

1*

.008

.011

.007

.003F

.004F

.007F

336

10.0

1*

.007

.011

A06

.004F

.005F

.009Y

,337

25.0

i*

.017

.011

.016

.006U

.005U

.O11U

338

11.6

11'

.008

.011

.007

.003F

.004F

.007F

349-

31.5

.1%

.022

.011.

.020

.O11U

.009U

.020U

R 14

i13.1

1*\

.009

.0411

.008

.002F

.005F

R 15

24.0.

-1

.017

.011

.015

{.006U

404u

.0100

R 16

16.5

1* \

.01'2

.010:

.001U

.001F

.000

R 17

9.9

1*

.001

.011

.006;

.004F

.005F

.009F

R 18

26.3

1.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

..012U

R 19

11.1

1*

.008

.011

.007'

.003F

.004F

.007F

R 20

12.5

1*

.009

.011

.008

,.002F

.003F

.005F

R 21

18.0

1*

.013

.011

.011

.002U

.000

.002U

R 22

8.0

1*

.006

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

.011F

R 23

11.2

1*

.008

0k1

.N

.007

.003F

.004F-

.007F

* ,Successful match

\

Page 44: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

7.)

Tablet 1 (Continued)

Search

'Item No.-

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

SS x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

TOtal

Variance

(Vtot)

ER 24

29.2

'1

.020

.011

.018

.009U

.007U

.016U

R 25

8.7

,006

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

.O11F

R 26

13.2

14C".

.009

.01f

:008

'.002F

.003F

.00SF

R 27

10.8.

1.022

-.011

.019

.011U

.008U

.0194.1

R 28

,9.5

1*

.007

.011

40.606

.004U

.005U

.009U

-R 29

25.4

1-

.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

.012U

R 30

8.4

1*

.006

.011

..005

.005F

.006F

.O11F

R 31,

(2.9

1*

.009

.011

,.008

.002F

.003F

.00SF

R 34

13.6

1*

.010

.011

.009

.001F

.002F

.003F

R37

30.3

1.021.

.011

.019

.010U

.008U,

.018U

R 38

28.6

1.011

.018

.009U

.007U

.016U

R39

13.8

1 --

.010

.011

.009

.001F

.002F

.003F

R40

8.0

1*

.006

.011

.005

.00SF

.606F

.011F

a41

27.3

I*

.019

,.011

, .017

.018U

.006U

.014U

R 42

15.6

1*

.011

.011

010

.000

.001F

.001F

R 43

17.2

1*

.012

.011

.010

.001U

\.001F-

.000

R 44

28.0

1*

.020

.018

.009U

.ao7u

.016Y

R 45

27:3

1*

.020*

.611.

.017

.009U

.006u

.015U

R 46

12.8

1*

.009

.011

.008

',002F

.003P

.005F

R-48

10.5

1*

.007

\.011

.Q07

.004F

.008F

R 50

12.4

1*

,.007

.011

.008

.004F

.003F

az..0D7F

R 51

25.5-

.018,

.011

.016

.00,711

.005U

.012U

R 52

24.9

1*

.017

.011

..016

'

.006U

.005U

.011U

R53,

14.5

1*

.010

.011

'

.009

.001F

.002F

.003F

R 54

9.0

1*

.006

.011

.006

.005F

.005F

.010F

R 55

14.0

1*

.010

.011

.009

.001F

.0027

,003F

R 56

15.3

1*

.011

\\*Oil

\,.011

.010

.010

-.000

.000

.00jF

.001F

.001F

.001F

R 57

15.9

1*

.011

*Successful match

'

it

Page 45: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table

(Continued)

\ -

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched\

A k A

"S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

E,fficieficy

Variance

(Veff)

ER 58

12.2

Its

.009

.011.

.008

.002F

.003F

R 59

11.1

1*,

..008

.011

.007

.01:13F

..004F

R 60

13.0

1*

.011

.00

.002F

.003F

R 61

22.9

1*

1.016

1.016

.011

;014

.005U

.003U

R 62

16.5

1*

1.012

.011

.010

.001U

.001F

R 63

17.1

1*

%012

.011

.011

.001U

.000

R kin

25.4

-1*

.018

.01,1

\.01

.007U

.005U

R 65

21.4

1*

,.015

.011

'401

.004U

.002U

R 66

25.2

1.018

.0 1

.016

.007U

.005U

R 68/.'

13.1

1*

4009

.01

.008

.002F

.003F

R 70

21.7

1.015

.01

.\014

.004U

.003U

R18.7

1.013

:01\.011

.012

.002U

-

.001U

R 72

30.4

1.02

.010

.010U

.008U

R 73.

9.4

.01

.011

.012\

.003U

.001U

R 74

6.5

1.0 5

.011

.004\

.006F

.007F.

R 75

8.2

.0 6

.011

.005

.005F

.006F

R 76

6.8

1.0 5

.011

L004

.006Fy

.007F

R 78

11.6

1*

8.011

007

.003F

.004F

R 79

16.7

I-

12

.011

010

.001U

.001F

R.80

25.0

1.117

.011

016

.006U

.005U

R 82

24.0

1.

17

.011

,011

4015

.4010

.006U

.0

.004U

.001F

R 83

15.8

1*'

. 011

R 84

45.9

1.032

.011

.029

.02 U.

.018U

R 86

19.5

1.014.

.011

.012

.003U

.001U

R 87

27.0

1.019

.011

,0117

.008U

.006U

R 88

10.3

1*

.007

.011

. 406

.004F

.005F

R 89

21.8

1.015

.0

.014

.004U

.003U

R 90

8.8

1*

.006

/:011

!O6

.005F

.005F

*Successful match

44,1

1101

1121

Total

Variance-

(V\

)tOt

405F

.007F'

.oa5P

.008U

s.000

.

.001U

.012U

.006U

.012U

. 005F._

.pom

.0o3u

.0I8U

.004U

.013F

. 011F.

'

. 013F

. 007F

.000

.011U .1

.010U

. 001E.

.039U

. 004U

..014U

#400

9F. 007U

.010F

Page 46: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

O

"tTable

(Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

S.x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

ER93

18.4

1.1

13.011

.012

.002U

.001U

.003U

R 94

26.4

1*

.118

.011

.017

.007U

.006U

.013U

R 95 -

17.7

1012

.011

.011

.001U

.000

.001U

R 96

23.2

1016

.011

.015

.005U'

.004U

.009U

R 97

12.7

009

.011

.008

..,002F

003F

.005F

R 98,

24.1

1.017

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

.010U

R 99

29.0

1.120

1.011

'.018

.009U

.007U

.016U

8100

11.0

1*

.08

.011,

.007

003F

.004F

.007F

8101

26.0

1.

18

.011

.016

.007U .

.005U

.012U

810,2

10.8

'

1.108

.011

.007

.003F'

.004F

.007F

8103

16.3

11

.011

.010

.000

.001F

.00iF

8104

28,7*

1\

0'0

.011

.018

:009U

.007U

.016U

8105

24.1

1\ .0 7

1'

.011

.015

.006U

.004U

.010U

Rs) 06

15.9

1*

\.011

It

.011

.010

.000,

.001F

aro"

.001F

R10r

24.13

1017

.011

.016

.006U

.005U

.011U

8108

6.9

1*

574

'.011

.004

.006F

.007F

.013F

R109

14.2

*.010

.011

.009

.001F *.

.002F

/.003F

R110

28.2

I.02

.011

.018

.009U

.007U

.016U

R111

18.8

1.0131

.011

.012

.002U

'.001U

.003U

R112

10 9

.014

.011

.012

.003U

.00,1U

.004U

R113

23.\'

l.016

.011

.015

-

.005U

.004U,

.009U

R114

25.5

1r

.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

.0121.1'

R117

17.5

.012.

.011

.011

.001U

.000

.001U

R118

8120

R121

R122

R123

22.5

10.5

13.4

20.7

9.9

*Successft1 match

1.016

:Q11

/.014.

..005U

003U

.008U

1*.007

.011.

/.007,

.004F

-.004F

.008.F

1*

.009

.011

.008

(1.002F

.003F

.005F

1.014

..011

p; .013

.003U

.002U

.005U

1*

.007

.011,

/,006

.004F

.005F

.009F

Page 47: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

\\

Table 1 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entriei

Searched

exA.SxS

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(VtOt

)

ER124

11.1

1*

.008

.011

.007

.003F

.004F

.007F

R125

21.3

1.015

.011

.013

.004U

.002U

.006U

R126

26.Q

1.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

.012U

R127

26.1

1.018

.011

-.016

.007U

.005U

.012U

R130

10.9

1*

,_.008

.011

.007

.003F

.004F

.007F

R131

'

18.0

'

1.013

.011

.011

.002U

.000

.002U

R136

14.9

1.010

.011

.009

.001F

.002F

.003F

R142

27.1

'1

.019

.011

.017

.0408U

.006U

.014U

8148

9.9

1.018

.011

.016

.007U

.005U

.012U

307

565.7

310.

3.626

3.168

3.314

.458U

.146U

.604U

T

*SueceSsful'match

Page 48: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

4

5Table 2

NUC

Item No.

Search.

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

1123.6

1

ihr

2.41.3

4*

3467.9

4*.

463.2

3*

545L5

3*

676-3

3*

732.3

3*

832.3

910.0

3*

10

18%6

3*

11

16.8

3*

12

49.5

4*

13

28.3

3*'

14

59.0

3

15

12.1

3*

16

37.1

3*0

17

33.6

3

18

.18.7

3*

19

47.3

3*

20

35.4

3*

21

.15.9,

3*

22'

440.2

3

23

24.3

3*

24

26.5

3*

25

197.4

3*

1135.3

1*4

Successful match,

1

.A x A

S x S

S x A'.

Usage

Variance

(vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(Vtot

)

.067

.058

.077

.009U

.019U

.028U

.022

.058'

.026

.036F

.032F

.068F

.244

.058

.292

.186U

.234U

.420U

.033

.058

.040

.025F

.018F

.043F

.024

.058

.028

.034F

.030F

.064 F

.040

.048

.018F

.010F

.028F

.017

.058

.040

.041F

.038F

.079F

.017

.058

.020

,041F

.038F

.079F'

.016'

.058

.019

.042F

.039F

.081F

.010

.058

.012

.048F

.046F

..094F

.009

.058%

.011

.049F

.047F

.096F

.026

:058

'

.030

.032F

..028F

.060F

:015

.0gt

.018

.043F

.040F

.083F

.030

:058

.037'

.028F

.021F

.049F

.006

.058

.008

.052F

.050F

,.102F

' .019

.058

..023

.039F

.035F.

.074F

.018

.058

.021

.040F

.037F

.077F

.010

.058

.012

.048F

.046F

.094F

.025

.058

.030

.033F

.028F'

.061F

.018

.058

'.

.022

.040F

.076F

..008

1.058

.010

.050F

'.(211%

.098F

.230.

.058

.275

.172U

.389U

.058

.015

.045F

4.043F

.088F

.014

.058

.01,7

.044F

.041F

.085F

.103

.058

.123

.045U

.065U

.110U

-.095!

,058

.085

.037U

.027U

.064U

Page 49: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

4Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

B2 3

.

4 5 6 7 8 9-

10

11

12

)13

14 15

16

1718 ,

19

20

21 22

R1

R2

R3

R4

R6

R7

R8

Search

Time In

Seconds

,

No. of

Entries

-

Searched

,

A x A

-

'S x S

S x A

Usgge

Variance

(V)-

u

Efficiency

,Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

Cytot)

-f

.058

123.7

1.086

.058'

.077

..028U

.019U

.047U

122.8

1086.

.058

.077

.028U

.019U

.047U

5*

..058

...

-

44.

`.058

1,t

----

.058

155.9

1s

,.110

4.058

.097 .

.052U

.039U

.091U

354.3

4*

,.248

.058

.221

.190U

.163U

.353U

283.7

2I .105

.058

.094

.047U

.036U

.083U

258.2

6s

.180

.058

,..161

.122U

.103U

.225U

185.7

1j

.130

.058

.116

.072U

.058U

.130U,

112.1

1*

.066

.058

.070

.012U

.040U

76.6

\.054

.058 '

.048

.004F

.010F

.014F

166.6

1i

.

.116

.058

.104

'452

058U

.046U

.104U

95.1

1.066

.058

,,

.059 ..."°

.008U

,-.001U

:009U

171.4

1.120

.058

.107

.062U

.049U

.11IU

79.5

1.056

.058

.050

.--

.002F

.008F

.010F

38.7

1*

,.

.0t7

.058

.024

.031F

.034F

.065F

130.6

-1-

-----?,,

.0 1

.058

I .082

.033U

.024U

.057U

162.1

1,.113.

-.058'

.101

.055U

.043U

.098U

88.2

1.062

.058

.055

.004U

.001U

27.7

1*

k.019:

'

.058.

.017

.039F

.041F

(7----A03F

.080F

62.9

t.

3*.

L-.044

:058

-

.040

.014F

.018F

.032F

27.5

1*

.019

,.05g

.017

.039F

.041F

.080F

73.0

2*

.051

.058

.047

.007F

V.

.011F

.018F

20.8

1*

.015

.058

.013

.043F

.045F

.088F

-61.4

2*

.043

.4.0-58

.038

.015F

.020F

.035F

29.2

1*.

.020.-

.058

'.018

.038F

.040F

.078F

'Successful match

Page 50: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Item No.

Searc

'Time in

Seconds

4.

Table 2 ACcatinudd

\./

o. of

/Efficiency

Total

usage

ntries

'IlkS

.Sr >el

:Variande

Variance

Variance

Searched

/

`././

;\(

(Vu)

(%ff)

(Vtot

)

BR 91/

R 10

/R 11

-R 12

R 13'

R 14

R 15

-

R 16"

R 17

R 18

R 19

R 20

RRI /21

2

26.7

165.-7

376.6.

32.1

37.6

42.4

192.7

59.1

48.7

38.4

99.5

70.7

129.5

1*

419

/ 4058

1*

.116

..058

1*

.020,

'.058

1.034 ,"..,,

.058

2.130 /

/.058

/

1*

.022

'.'.058

1*

.02

,.058

.1*

.030'

.058

1.

.134

8(

1.

-,

.041

.0A--

i2

.034

.058

,

E1*

.027

,.058, ',

."1

2'-,

.027

1052

.1*

.050

7.058rt

2.057

,1.658-4-

R341\

121.4

1 2209.0

4169.5

5197.5

6100.7

731.8

83.0

9

10

8.3.

11

1 7.1

12

.4

13

13.1

Successful match

1.084

/.058

,

2i .058

.125

.058

.102

.058

.Y19'

.058

1I

'.460

.058

4l*

.058

1019 ,

/7 02

.058

-)

.Q58

42

G.239' ./.

'.058

,

/3

/ Jo g4

I.058

3/

»036

!.058;

/:6'2481

.058

i/

.017

.039F

.041F

.103

1"..058U

.045U

.01&

.038F

.040F

.030

.028F

'.(0);(2

,116.

.058U

.020

6F

.038F

.024

.027

.----/

,4028F

.031F

.034F

-120

1.076U

.017

.062U

.017F

;024F'

.021P

f..030'

:024

.028F

.024

.031F

.034F

.031F

.034F

.044

.008F

1.014F

.051 ,

.001F 1

.007F :

/'.076

'.026U

'.018U

..

:,

.130

.067U

.072U

.106

.6044U

.048U

.123

',061U

.065U

.063

.002U

:005U

.020

'.039F

.002

.056F

.

.038F

.-056V

----C

-.11-173;J.i

- - --

.'.249

.1911J

.099

.036U

:.0411i

.058

.002F

/ .000

.258

.190U

.200U

.080F

.103U

.078F

.052F

.130U

,----,..i22AL

.038F

.052F

.065F

.065F

.022F

.008F

.139.044UU

.=

.126U

.007U

.077F

.112F

.372U

.077U

.002F

.A...

LA

*

Page 51: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Tabl

DT

IContinued)

,

F

-Search

Item No.

j

Time in

Seconds

C14

284.5

15

159.0

16

245.7

17

266.7

18

332.0

'

`,_!19

194.3

20

178.1'

21

.83.61

/fi/

.88

23

.88.q

22

170.8,

24

35..1

25

72.9

26

78.0'

2T

382.3

28

2.

2930

;.X.0

32

/145:3

33

*

34

4122.3

d35

1'

241.5

36 4,

87.7

42,

179.

4

.,

i'

'

/,2

/2

/-.2

/'

/3

i3 1 _1 2

/1No. Of

/Entries

/-.SearChed

A .x A

S x

S x

A

----._170

.058

.178

O95

..058

.100

.047

.058

.153

.160

.058

,.167

.199

.058

.208

.117

.058

.121

.107

.058

;-.111

.050

.058

.052

-------.102

.058

.107

.181U

..:

2 1 1 .....-

2)

.2 2 Z 1 2 2 2 2 2

I.

f 3

f

3 3

'

4\

'

,'.073

.145,

.053

.108

.083

.141

.103

:108

.132

.058

;058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.053

.058

.021

.058

1 <

.044

.058

.229

.058

.047

.058

.158,

.058

.032

.058

-

'.081

.058

.087

.005588

45,

-'

1375

48

235.3

,

5'13

171.9

.8/

179.9

220.6

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Total.

Vaiian0e

Variance

//(Veff)

f

-(jVtat)

-

.112U

..1201.1,

'.232U

.037U

.042U

.079U

.089U

.095U

.184U

.102U

.109U

.2111.J

.141U

.150U

.291U

.059

.063U

.122U

li

.053U

.102U

00.8F

.050F

.058F

.044U

.049U

093U

.55'

.005F

.003F

.008F

.022

.037F

.036F

.073F

.046

.014F

.012F

.239

.171U

.009F

.020F

.049

.011F

.164

00U

.106U

'033

.026F

.025F

:051F

,.084

.023U

-.026b--

.049y

.090

.029U

:0321.1

.061U

;4'

--

-076

' .015U

,,,/

.018U

.15k

--.087U

:093U

.055

.00

.003F

.112

.e OU

.054U

.086

.025-1-,

.028U

'147

.083U.:

.089U

.107

'/'.041J

.049U

.112/

/ .050U

.054U

.138

(.074U

.080U

ccessful ,match

(

.033U

.180U

.008F

.10.41.1

.053U

.172U

.094-U

.104U

.154U

Page 52: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

,,

...

i>

f

Sealchir

No. of

IUsage

,ftficiency

,Total

Item No.

Time in

Entries

A x A

S x S

S x A

,Variance

C62

if

159.0.

Se ondS

//

Searched

-'

/(Vu)1

Variance

(Veff)

/

Variance

(Vtot

)

63.

77.3

1,,,,,-

188.6,

Z,V

1/157.7

V3 /

95.6

160.2

60.8

50.8

16.4

8119.6

9302.1

10

329.2'

11

12.7

13

50.9

15

1. 223.8

14

14 40.4

16

J i

59.2

18

43.2

17

34.8

"20

.27.8.

19

'

161.8

21

14.0

22

27.5

23

36.5

24

65.8

25

60.6

26

127.6

27

39.1

I-

.095

.058\

.09.9

/.037U

<

.046

..058

.048

.012F

4.132

.058

.118

.074U

.2

.110

.058

.099

.052U

li

.067

.058

.060

.011Ut

.;

Z*

.112

.058

.100

.054U

1.042

.058

.038

.016F

1.035

:058

.032

.023F

1 *

.011

.058

.010

2.084

.058

.075

.00427611;

3:

/.211

.058

.189

.153U

4.

.230

.058

(.206

.172U

1.009

.058

.008

.049F

1.036

.058

'

.032

.022F

1*

.028

.058

/.025

.030F

2:156

.058

i.140

.098U

1-

.041.

.058.

/.037

.017F

1.024

.058

.022

.034F

2*

.030,

.058

.027

.028F

3.113

.058

.101

.055U

1*

.019

.058

.017

.039F

1*/

.010

.058

.009

.048F

1.019

.058

.017

.039F

1*

.026'

.058

.023

1.

.046

.058

.041

.g312211;

2*

.042

.058

.038

.016F

2.089

.058

.080

.031U

1.027

.058

.024

.030

*/

--

Successful match:

(/,

.041U/

.078U

'

.022F

1

=1F1'

.134U

.041U

.093U

.002U

.013U

.042U.

.096U

.020F

_..

i.

.026F

..g=

.g11%

.131U

.-10945Z

.284U

--\

.148U

.320U

.050F

.099F

.026F

.048F

.180U

.082U

..033F

063F

.021F

T78OFF

.036F

.031F

.059F

.041F

.080F

.098U

.049F

.097F

.041F

.035F

_, .080F

.067F

.029F

.g2701;

--)

.036F

.053U

.022U

.034F

.065F

Page 53: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

V

/

.-

L (1

Item No.

Srch

T me in

econ

D'

31 /

32'

7.5

36.8

48.7

67.1

58.2

I

Table 2 (Continued)

of

Entries

Se J rchad

\

x A

S x

/g x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

1.033

.X15

.025F

.020F

.045F

I,',

.26

.023

.032F

.035F

.067F

ly!

-034

.630

.024F

.028F

.052F

1A047

.042

.011F

.016F

.027F

2*

-0 1

I58

.036'

.017F

.022F

.039F

3,

.91.9

2044 V

.058

.5

.006U

.001F

.00511-

123.9

-2

'AM

.058

7.029U

.019U

'.04-8t

3.5'1

141.3

2.099

.058

.089

.041U

.031U

..072U

S6

67.5

.047

.058

.041

.017F

.028F

'

/37

4'6.5

yt

.033

.058

.029

1 .025F

.029F

.054F

'7

171

'17 ,Aff

,,,''

1 *

n9r.

()cc:

n91

nl9p

mcp

_flA7F

39

79.

1.056

.058

.050

.002F

.008F

40

53.4

1.037

.058

.03,3

.021F

.025F

41

125.5

2.088

.058

.078

.00U

.020U

42

83.8

1/'/

.058

.'052

.001u

.006F

47.2

J.

/.033

.058'

,-.030'

.055F

.025F

`45

58.0

1.041

.058

.036

,:017F

.022F

46

61.5

.043

.058

.038

.020F

47

'50.3

1/

.035

.058'

.031

.023F

.027F

50

60.1

1.042

.058

.016F

.020F

51

104.9

3/

.073

.058

v7:067

.015U

.009U

53:

8.9

II.006

.95,8

.006

.052F

/.052F

'

54

75.6

1/

'.053

r,7

.058

.047

.005F

.011F

6

'57

,23.5

.016

.015

.042F

.0013fJ

58-1

141.2

7.058

.089

.041U

59

(7.0

.005

.08/

..004

.053F

.054F

60

8.6'

1.00

.058

..005

.052F

.053F

61

'

4.1

1.0 3

.058

.003

.055F

.055F

SucceSsful:Match

/010F

046F

.050U

.005F

.053F

.039F

.035F

. 050F

.036F

.024U

.104F

. 016F;

.085F,"

4"./107F

.1.05E

.110V /

Page 54: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

C Cal

.--.'''''l

Table- 2 (Continued

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

,Entries

Search e

A x A

.S x A

Usage

.Variance.,

(1712)

- _Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

D62411°

15.0

le

.010

'.058

.009

.048F

.049F

63

36.3

'1

.025

.058

.023

.033F

.035F

64

60.7

1.042

.058

.038

.016F

.028F

65

37.8

1.026

.058

:024

.032F

.034F_

66

36.3

1.025

.058

:023

.033F

.035F

67

49.1

1.034

.058

.031

.024F

.027F '

68

16.2

2.011

.058

.010-

.047F

.048F

,69

147.5

3.103

.058

.092

.034U

70

170.9

3.119

-

.058

.107

.061U

.0

71

75.2

2.053

.058

.047

.005F

.0 1F

-

72

:16.2

1*

.011

.058

1.010

.047F

.04

73

136.7

3..096

.058

.085

.038U

.027U

74

154.2

3.

.108

.058

.096

.050U

.038U

75

60.9

1.043

.058

.038

.015F

.020F

76

49.1

1.034

.058

.031

.024F

.027F

77

12L.0

,1

1.,085

.058

.076

.027U

.018U

78

103.1

2.072

.058

.064

.014U

.006U

79

114.5

1.080

.058

1.072

.022U

.0141L

80

19.2 /

1*

.013.

%058

.012

.045F

.046F

81

107.1/

2.075

.058

.067

.017U

.009U

83

59.//

2*

42,

.058

,.037

.016F

.021F

84

61/9

3043,

.058

.039

.015

.019F

85

100.0

1*

%070

.058

.063

.01

:005U

86

22.:2

,2

/.016

.058

.014

.04 F

a.044F

87

73,6

.051

.058

.046

.007F

.012F

\88

90

/f

.007

.058

.006

.051F

.052F

90

9 5'

.007,

.058

.006

.051F

152F

91

,0

1*

.006W

.058

.005

.052F

.053F

Success

1 match

'

/

,$ "

Total

Varianc

(Vtot

)

.097F

. 068F

. 044F

. 066F

. 068F

.051F

.1:0)%1FJ

. 110U

. 016F

. 095F

1065U

. 088U

.OS1F

.020U

// .036U

,091F

.026U

.037F

.034F

.086F

. 103F

.103F

. 105F

Page 55: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

\ 41

,.

Search

No. of

Item No.

Time in

Entries

.Seconds

Searched

92

46.4

1

93

37.8'

2*

94

41.2

2*

95

,26.8

3

96

222.3

3

97

10.1

1

98

133.8

3

99

53.1

1

100

71.2,

1

101

84.5

2102

40.9

1

103

92.3

1

104

57.2

1.

C.

41'

105

138,7

.2

C.,:,

'06

,60.3

1

107

.1.6

2

108

50.1)

1

------11109

60.6

1

110

60.9

1"

111

164.6

2

113

13.0

1

114

115

60.8

2

116

--

1

117'

'5.4

2*.

'118

4. 0

2

119

92..

120

113.9

*Successful match

4k,

Table.* (Continued)

A * A

S * S

.0..=

.1=

=ai

pric

wam

ac-

.

S * A

.

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

.032

.058

.029

-

.026F

.026

058

.024

.032F

.029

. .058,

.026

,.029F

.019

.058

'

.017

.039F

.155

'

.058

.139

:097U

.007

.058

.006

.051

.0'4,

.058

,.084

.C36

.037

.058

.033

.02 V

.050

.058

.045

.0

F

.059

.058

.053

.0 1U

.029

.058

.026

..29F

.065

.058

.058

.07U

.040

.058

.036

018F

.097

s

.058

.087

039U

04'

.058

.037

.016F

.0/

.058

.064

013U

035

.058

.031

:023F

.042

.058

.038

..016F

.043

.058

..038

.015F

,.115

.058

4,

.103

.008

.057U

.049F

.009

.058

.0I2F

.042

.058

,.016F

58

-.0'j.

.051U

.026F

.109'

.1O58

.ETT-----71358

007U U

ficiency

*Total

Va lance

Variance

(ieff)

(V Got)

tot

..

1 cn °

.029F

.055F

.

.034F

.066F

.032F

.061F

.041F

.080F

.081U

.178U

-1.052F

.103F

.026U

-.062U

.025F

.046F

.013F

.021F

.005F,

.004F

.032F

.061F

.000

.007U

.022F

.040F

.029U

.068U

.021F

:037F

006U

.019U

.027F

.050F

.020F

'.036F

.020F

.'035F

.045U

.050F

102U

.099F

.017-F

.029F

020F

.036F

40

..239U

29F

.090U

.055F

.000

007U

.013U

'`

.035U

Page 56: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

;.

Item No.

Search

'

No. oi.""

Time in

Entries

Seconds

Searched

D_121

'

122

123

'162.8

82.8

26 6

Table 2 (Continued)

-

Usage

Efficiency

Total

S x S

a x A

Variance

Variance

-

Variance

-

,(Vu)'

,(Neff)

(Vtot)

.114

.058

.102

.056U

.044U

.100U

1.05;

.058

.052

010

.006F

.006F

1*

.058

.017

039F

.041F

.080F

.066

8.057

.008U

.001F

.007U

.009

058'

00,7

049F-

051F

.100F

.046

058

'41

.012F

.017F

.029F,

.054U

.042U

.096U

-----.039

.014F.

019F

.033F

.047

058

.042

.011F

.016F

.027F

.036

.058

.032

.022F

-

.026F

.048F

1.028

.058

'

.025

.030F

.033F

.063F

1.042

.058

.038

- .016F

.020F

.036F

1.035

.058

.031

.023V

.027F

..050F

1.058

1.013

.058

.012

.045F

.046F

.091F

1*

.027

.05, 8

.024

.031F

.034-F

',

.065F

.007

.058

.007

.051F

.0 lE

'.102F

.103

.058

..092

.045U

.0 4U

'.079U

.160

.058

.143

.102U

.085U

.187U

.104

.058

.093

.046U

.035U

.081

2*

.018

.058

016

.040F

.042F '

.082F

1.004

.058

.004

.054F

.054F

.108F

.0

.058

I.010

.046F

.048F

.094F

072

.058

.064

.014U

.006U'

.020U

.076

.058

.068

.018U

s.010U

.028U

.046

.058

.042'

°.012F

.016F

.028F

*.022

.058

.020

.036F

.038F

.074F

\097

.058

.087

.039U

.029U

.068U-

..

fE

126

65.9

127

160.5

128

'

129

.66.9

t"

130

131

9.6

1S2

6

13

13142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

'150

49.

38. .5

228 5

148 8

6 3

16.6

1 1

" 103.0

15

109.0

153

66 4

154

1 7

155

138.6

*Successful match

44.

3*

2,

1

Page 57: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Item No.

Search.. No. of

Time in

Seconds

D'

156

9.Q

157'

52.8

158

33.6

159

72.1

160

5.)

161

u56.0

162

110.3

163

26.5

164

30.9

165

64.8:

'1.66

116.4

167

3 .6*

C"

168

56.

169

170

109.7

171

18.1

172

13.4

133

' 20.0

1741 N

i 35.1

17

1 54.4

17

19.2

1/

12.7

178

17.5

179

211.2

180

71.5

181

214.1

182.

}9.21

183

30.0

Sucessful match

0

Entries

Searched

A x A

..

1*

-., .006

1*

.037

1 *.

.03

1.

,.050

1*

.003

1*

.039

2.077

1 1*

.019

.022

1.045

1.011

1.027

1.039

2.106

1.077

1*

.013

1*

.009

1*

.014

'1*

.025

2.038

1*

.013

1.009

1-.012

4.148

2.050

3.f5o

1.006

1.021

Table 2 (Continued

S XS

SxA

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

. Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance'

)(V tot)

tot

.058

.006

.052F

.052F

.104F

.058

.033

.021F

.025P

.046F

.058

.021

035F

.037F

.072F

.058

.045

.008F

.013F

.021F

.058

.003

.055F

.055F

.110F

".058

-.058

.035

.069

.

..g199F1.

.023F

.011U

.042F

,.030U

.058

.058

.017

.019''''

.039F

.036F

.041F

.039F

.080F

.075F

.058

-041

'NN:013F

.017F

.030F

.058

.010

-:047F

.048F

.095F

..058

.031F

.019F

.034F

.023F

.065F

.042F

.058

,:(0:1

.058

.095

.048U

.037U

.085U

.058

.069

.019U

.011U

.030U

.058

.011

.045F

.047F

-:092P

.058

.008

.049F

.050F

.058

.013

.014F'

..045F

.g9594

.058

.022

.022

..036F

.068F

.058

.034

.032F

.024F

.044F

.058

.012

,.045F

.046F

.091F

.058

..008

.049F

.050F

.099F

.058

.011

.046F

.047F

d093F

.058

.132

.090U

.074U

.164U

.058

.045

.008F

.013F

.021F

.058

.134

..-

.092U

.076U

.168U

.058

.006

.052F

.052F

.104F

.058

.019

.037F

.039F

.076V

V

Page 58: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

N

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

INo. of

Time in

,i

Entries

Seconds

'Searched

A x A

S x S

S x A

Usage

Efficiency

TOtal

Variance

'Variance

Variance

(V )

(Veff)

(Vtot

)

185

184

186

187

189

188

19d

1..91

192N

193

194

28.0

'2

''

13.8

24.4

1 I

64.4

65.9

11.5

13.8

13.8

95.5

NN

64.8

N.

7.6

195

N.2

196

.

66:5

197

31.0 NJ

198

15.7

19 -9

132.2

200

22.2

178.1

E

279,3

3)

212.1

4260.9

582,3

6136.7

7158.0

862.9

-9 - _480.6

10

82:9.---____

11

239."7.-."

Successful match

1.010

.058

.009

.020

.058

.018

2.017

.058

.015

1.045

.058

.040

1.003

.058

.007

1.046

.058

.041

-

1.096

.058

.086

1.009

.058

.009

1.067

.058

.060

2*

.045

.058

.041

1.005

.058

.005

1.006

.058

.006

1*

.046

.058

,.042

1*

.022

.058

.019

1.001

.058

.010

2.092

.058

.083

4"

1\

.016

.058

'.014

1.

.055

.058

.059

1.055

.058

.050

'

3.158

.058

.133

6.182

.058

.163

116)

:058

.058

.051

2.096

.058

.085

2.110

.058

.099

2.044

.058

.039

3.336

.058

.300

1*

'

NO58

.058

.052

.168

.058

* .184

.048F

.049F

.097F

.038F

.040F

.041F

.043F

.051F

.018F

.012F ,

.005117t

.050F

.038U

.02811.

.049F

.049F

.009U

.002U

.053F

.01 -7F

%051F

.653F

.052F

.052F

.012F

.016F

.036F

.039F

:047F

.048F

.0340

1.025U

.044F

.042F

:009F

.003F

F008

.090U

,

.075U

.003F

,.

.124U

.105U

.000

.007F

.038U

.027U

.052U

.041U

,T8IL

.02/T

,000

h .006F

.110U

.126U

..078F

.084F

.069F

.029F

.101F

.066U

.098F

.011U

.1065

.068F

.104F

.028F

.075F

.095F

.059U

.086F

.012F

,011F

.165U

).229U

.007F

.065U

.093U

.033F,

.520U

.006F

vi

.

.236U

t...)

Page 59: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

\Table 2 (Continued)

'Search

No.

of

Item No.

Time in

Entries

Seconds

Searched

Usa e

Efficiency

S >cS

SxA

Vari nce

Variance

(Veff)'

Ei/

12

13

14

15

16-

7

18

19

20 21

.22

23 24

25

26

27

1?8

29

30

31'

32

33

34

35 36

u.

t),

63.7

2*

294.0

2

243.9

1

189.1

3*

2

185.4

1

197.1

1

37.1

lec'*

113.2

1

107.7

1*

96.1

1*

167.0

2

90.6

Pc\;

14.6

1*

101.2

71.

106.5

1

126.9,e

1

174.6

=;.

2

76.0

24

191;7

2

36.3

3

193.2

3

150.2

'2

294'.4

2

24:5.0

116.0

a3.'

Total

Variance,

(vtot)

-.045

.058

.040

013F

.018F

.031F

.206

.058

'

.184

.148U

.126U

.274U

.170

.058

'

.152

112U

.094U

-.206U

.132

.058

.118

.074U

...060U

..134U

.197

.058

.176

.257U

.139U

.118U

.072U

.058U

.13QU

.130

.058

.116

.

.138

.058

.123.

.080111i'

.065U

.145U,

.067F'

.013U

.026

.058

.023

.032F

.035F_

.079

.058

.071

.021U

.034U

..017U

.009U

.026U

N'.075

.058

.067

.

.067

.058

.060

.009U

.002U

.011U

,

.117

.058

.10k

.105U

.059U

.046U

.063

.058

.057

.004U

.005U

.001U

.010,

.058

.009

.048F

.049F

.097F

.071

.058

.063

.005U

.013U

'.018U

.074

.058

.067

.016U

.009U

.025U

.089

.058

%079

----.031U

.021U

.052U,

.122

-..058

.109 L

.064U

.051U

.115U

.053

.058-

.048

.005F

.010F

.015F

1130=

.062U

.144U

A.140

.058

.120

.077U

.063U

25.

..058.

.023

'

.035F

.068F

.135

,.058

.121'

.140U

105

.058

.094

'

.047U

.046U

.083U

.20.6

:058

2.184'

.148U

.126U

.274U

in

.171

.058"

.153

.095U

3.113U

.208U

.093U

.081

'

.058

1.073

.02)U

.015U

.038U

.151

%.058

.136

.078U

.171U

.121

-058

.109

.063U

.051U

.114Ur.p.

r14-=

.

3a218,3

4'

39

._173.8

2

*Successful match

I.

A13

-

Page 60: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

E40

64.6

1*

41

273.2

3

42

33.8

2

43

114.9

2

44

115.4

1

'45

165.1

2

_46

47

276.8

5

307.4

4

\--....A48

295.9

3

147.3

4

50

81.4

1

51

94.9

1

1:-

52

100.1

'l'

1-

53

73.7

\1

54

104.1

1

55

88.3

\1

56

191.2

57

13.7

1*

59

70.1

1

60

77.7

1

61

174.5

1*

63

40.8

1*

.

64

83.5

1

65

65.2

1

66

72.3

-1

67

81.6

1.

68'

47.3.

1*

69

44.4

1

*Successful match

A x A

S x S

Usage

S x A

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(Vtot

)

045

.058

.191

.058

.024

'.058

.080

.058

.081

.058

.115'

.058

.193

.215

.058

.058

.207

.058

.103

.058

.057

.058

.066

.058

.070

.058

.052

.058

.072

.058

.062

.058

.134

.058

.009

.058

.049

.058

.054

.058

.122

.058

029

.058

58

.058

.0 6

.058

.05

.058

.057

.058

.033

.058

.031

.058

.040

.171

.021

;072

.072

.103

.173

.192

.185

.092

.051

. 059

.063

.046

.065

055

.120

.009

. 044

.049

.109

.026

.052

. 041

. 045

. 051

.030

.028

.013F

.133U

.034F

.022U

.023U

.057U

.135U

:157U

.149U

.045U

. 001F

.008U

. 012U

.006F

.014U

.004O

.076U

.049F-

. 009F

.004F

.064U

.029F

.000

. 012T

.007F

.001F

.025F

4

.0

.018P

.1212X

.113U

.071F

.014U

.037F

.036U

.014U

.037U

.045U

A102U

.115U

.250U.

.134U

T7611-11

.127U

.034U

.079U

.008F

.001U

.007F

.009U

.005U

,017U

.012F

.018'

.007U

.021U

.003F

.oplu

.062U

.138U

.098F

.014F

.023F

-.049F

.009F

.013F

..051U

.115U

..032F

.061F

.006F

.006F

(07F

17F

.029F

.0.013F

28F

.,020F

.008F

.053F

.1'0F

.057F

Page 61: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

Item N.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No

of

E tries

S arched

A x A

,S k S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(V )u

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

E/70

56.1

'1

.039

.058

.035

.019F

q

.b23F

.042F

71

84.2

1.059

.058

.053

.001F

.005F

.006F

72

251.5

2.176

.058

.157

.118U

.099U

.217U

73

33.8

2.024

.058

.021

.034F

.037F

.071F

74

314.0

2.219

.058

.19-6

.161U

.138U

.299U

75

55.6

2*

.039

.058

.035

.019F

.023F

.042F

76

252.0

3.177

.058

.158

.119U

.100U

.219U

77

68.7

1.048

,058

.043

.010F

.015F

.025F,

78

85.7

1.060

.058

.054

.002U

.004F

.002F

79

99.4

1.069

.058

..062

.O11U

.004U

:015U

80

21.3.1

2.149

.058

'

.133

.091U

.075U

.166U

81

52.5

1*

.037

,.058

.033

..021F

.025F

.046F

82

81.6

1.057

.058

,051'

.001F

..007F

.008F

84

50.1

1.035

.058

,031

!023F

.027F

.050F

85

603.5

4.422

.058

.377

.364U

.321U

.685U

86

54.6

1.038

.058

Nk

.034

.020F

.024F

.044F

87

105.0

1.073

:058

.066

.015U

.008U

.023U

88

96.1

1.067

.058

.060

.009U

.002U

.O11U

90

90.1

1.062

.058

.056

.004U

.002F

.002U

91

89.4

1.062

.058

.06

.004U

.002F

.002U

92

148.2

1.104

.058

.093

.046U

.035U

.081U

93

68,4

1,

.048

.058

.042

.010F

.016P

.026F

94

7Z.7

1.050

.058.

.045

.008F

.013F'

.021F

96

91.8.

1.064

.058

.057

.006U

.001F

.005U

97

'135.6

1.095

.058

.085

.037U

.027U

.064U

"t

98

67.5

1*

.047

.058

.042

.011F

.016F

.027F

99

302:1

2,211

.058

.189'

.153U

.131U

.284U

100

103.9

'

2.073

.058

.065

.015U

.007U

.022U

-c"t.n

*Successful match

-

Page 62: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

-Variance

(.V tot)

101

71.4

1.050-

.058

.045

.008F

.013F

.021F

102

81.6

2.057

.058

:051

:001F

.007F

.008F

103

185.3

2.129

.058

.116

.071U,

.058U

.129U

104

62.4

1*

.045

.058

.039

.013F

.019F

.032F

105

188.1

2.131

.058

.118

.0730

.060U

.133U

105a

25.E

1.018

.058

.016

.040F

.042F

.082F

106

1.010

.058

.009

.048F'

.049F

.097F

107

15.8

1.011

.058

.010

.047F

.048F

.005F

108

298.6

3.209

.058

.187

.151U

.129U

.280U

109

93.3

1.065

.058

.058

.007U

.000

.007U

110

66.7

.047

.058

.042

.011}

.016F

.027p,

111

86.1

1.060

.058

.054

.002U

.004F

..002}

112

188.8

1.132

.058

.118

.074U

.060U

.134U

113

91.0

1*

.064

.058

.057

.006U

.001F

.005U

114

97.7 .

1.068

.058

.061

.010U

.003U

.013U

116

7.7

1.005

.058

.005

.053F

.053F

.106F

117

36.6

1.026

.058

.023

.032FI

.035F

.067F

118

140.3 '

2.098

.058

..088

.040U

.030U

.070U

120

613.8

4.429

.058

.384

.3710

.326U

.697U

121

238.2

4.167

.058

.149

.109U

.091U

.200U

122

'176.2

3.123

.058

.110

.065U

.0520

.117U

123

74.0

2.052

.058

.046

.006F

.012F

.018F

124

74.8

1*

.052

.058

.047

.006F

.011F

.017F

..0070

127

92.4

1.065

.058

.058

.0070*

.!..000

128 t.

82.1

1.057

.058

.051

.001P

..007F

.008F

129

221.7

3.155

.058

.139

.097U

.081U

.178U

130

106.8

1.075

.058

.067

.017U

.009U

.026U

131

101.9

1.071

.058

.064

.013U

.0060

.019U

Successful match

Page 63: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2' (Continued)-

C :y--1

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

S x S

S x A

'

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Effici ncy

Var nce

,eff)

E132

1.058

1m,

133

162.2

2.113

.058

.101

.055U

.043U

135

89.7

1.063

.058

.056

.005U

.002F

136

97.8

1.068

.058

.061

.010U

.003U

137

127.0

3C....

089

.058

.079

.031U

.021U

,

138

60.5

2.042

.058

.038

.016F

.020F

I

138a

79.8

1.056

.058

.050

^.002F

.008F

139

127.8

"2

.089

.058

.080

.031U

.022U

140

121.5

2.085

.058

.076

.027U

.018U

141

150.0

2.

.105

.058

.094

.047U

36U

142

148.4

2.104

.058

.093

.046U

.0035U

143

185.4

1.130

.058

:116

.072U

.b58U

144

99.7

2'.070

.058

.062

.012U

.004U

145

94.9

2.066

.058

.059

.008U

.001U

146

-153.6

3.107

.05

-1/

.096

'

.049U

.038U

147

207.2

2.145

8.130

.087U

.072U

148

31.1

3.022

.058

.019

.,-,4.036F.

.039F

149

20.9

2.015

.058

.013

.043F

.045F

150

87.7

1.061

.058

.055

.003U

.003F

151

249.0

3.174

.058

,156

.116U

.098U

152

43.3

1*

.038

.058

.027

.020F

.031F

153

93.9

1.066

.058

.059

.008U

.001U

156

'-395.3

3.251

.058

.247

.193U

.189U

157

119.7

1084

.058

.075

.026U

.017U

158

1.092

.058

.082

034U

.024U

159

../131.4

) 98.0

2_

.069

.058

.061

1U

.003U

160

'

402.3

4.281

.058

.251

.193U

161

248.6

3174

.058

.155

.097U

Successful match

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

.098U

.003U

.013U\

.052U

.036F

.010F

.053U

.045U

.083U

.081U

.130U

.016U

.009U

.087U

.159U

.075F

.088F

.000

.214U.

.051F

.009U

.382U

.043U

.058U

.014U

.416U

th

.213U

co

Page 64: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veil)

Total

Variance

(V

)tot

-

162

177.7

2.124

.058

163,

99.7

1.070

.058

164

114.9

1.080

.058

165

71.3

1*

.050

.058

166

61.2

02

.043

.058

167

47.6

1.033

.058

'-\168

314.4

4*

.220

.058

169

182.5

5.128

.058

170

137.6

3.09b

.058

171

22.6

.016

.058

172

199.9

.140

.058

173

330.2

4.231

.058

174

209.4

3.146

.058

175

346.7

8.242

.058

176

53.2

2.037

.058

177

99.2

1.069

.058

178

1.058

179

82.5

1.058

.058

180

87.9

1.061

'.058

181

93.4

.065

.058

182

86.6

1.061

.p58

183

246.4

3.172

.056';

184

40.5

3*

.028

.05

185

45.7

2.032

.05a

186

7.8

2.005

.056

187

125.9

1.088

.058

188

254.5

2.178

.058

189

202.6

3.142

.058

*Successful match

.111

;062

.072

.0

.38

.30

.97

.114

.086

.014

.125

.206

.131

.217

.033

.062

.052

.055

.058

.054

.154

\.025

\.029

.005

\.079

066U

012.

0

.015M

.045F

.162U

.070U

.038U

.042F

.082U

.173U

.088U

.184U

.021F

.011U

.053U

. 004U

.014U

.013F

./020F

.028F

:139U

.056U

.028U

.044F

.067U

.148U

.073U

. 159U

.Q25F

TO4U

.000

.003U

.007U

.003U

.114,

.030F

ate

426F

kV

:053F

4030U

'.120U

.084U

27

.119U

.016U

.036U

.021F

.035F

.053F

.301U

. 126U

.066U

.086F

.149 U

.321U

.1616

.343U

.046F

.015U

06F3F

.000

.0U4F

.096U

.33F

29F

053F

/.621U

/ .101U

.069p

/

. 00 F

.00

.00

.001

.210U

.063F

i:055F

it 1.106F

I.051U

.221U

.153U

Page 65: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

C'

Table 2 (Continued)

Search

No. of

Usage

Efficiency

Total

Item No.

Time in

Entries

A x A

S x S

S x A

-'Variance

Variance

Variance

Seconds

Searched

.--

(Vu)

(Vtot

)

/.

,l'.

E191

3.6,

1$ ,

.072

.058

.065

193

87.3

1.061

,.058

.055

198

408.2'

4 (

.285

.058

.255

199

214.6

2$

.150

.058

.134

200

79.5

1'

.056

.058

.050

20

149.3/

2.104

.058

.093

2%3'

120,0

1.084

.058

.075

.014U

.007U

.021U

.003U

.003F

.000

.227U

.197U

.424U

.092U

.076U

.168U

.002F

.008F

.010F

.046U

.035U

.081U

.026U

.017U

.043U

04

92'.7

1.065

.058

.058

.107

205

105.8

1.075

.058

.066

206

153.3

3.

.058

'/

.096

207

86.1

3.060

.058

.054

208 /

84.2

2*

.204 /

.058

.53

*.059

2102

291.5

2*

.058

.0182

2,12

'

178.6

1/

.125

..058

.112

Al-3

- -

101.9

1/'

.071

.058

.064

// 214

96.6

1 /

215

106.6

2'

////

-\.068

.058

.060

\

.075

.058

.067

216

240.6

/..168

.058

.150

217

207.7

/7:1

-.145.

.058

.130

218

230.1

2.161

.0,58

.144

219

342.9

5.240

.058

.214

j/2220 /

78.0

2,.055

.058

.049

/2

//

138.5

3.097

.058

.087

1.2 2'

472.9

4.331

.058

.296

3131.8

1.092

.058

'.082

4 .

147.5

/2

.103

.058

.092

-

127.2

,/1

I'

.089 ,

.058

.080

26

.,

0J,

250.6

2.175

'

.058

.157

k

Successful match

.007U

.000

.007U

.016U

.008U

,.024U

.049U

.038U

.087U

'.002U

.004F

.002F

.001U

.005F

.004F

.146U

.124U

.270U

.067U

.054U

.121U

.013U

.006U

-.019U

.010U

.002U

.0120

.017U

.009U

.026U

.110U

.092U

.202U

.087U

.072U

.159U

.103U

.086U

.189U

.182U

.156U

.338U

.003F

.009F

.012F

.039U

.029U

.068U

.273U

.238U

.511U

.034U

.024U

.053U

.040

.034U

.079U

.031U

.022U/

.05311

.117U

.091U

.216U

,

-

Page 66: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Con

nued)

Item No.

'E

227

228

229

231

230

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

t".

240

"';=

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

24.8

249

4:i

25a

251

Search

Time in

Seconds

1

No. of

Entries;'

A x A

Searched

Usage

ff ciency

Total

S X A.

Variance

riance

Variance

(Vu)

ie(Veff)

(Vtot)

133.9

,313.3

,//124.9

149.2,

146.8

130.4

30.2

20.9

29.4

32.8

'48.1

46.7

44.4

42.5

193.9

84.9

65.0

78.8

2.0

/110.3

,90.5

300.0

,202.0

/,,

37.4

//

121.7

,

2y527

83.7

154.

2.094

.058

.084

.036U

.026U

3.21

.058

.196

.161U

.138U

1*

.7

.058

.078

.029U

.020U

1///103

.058

.092

.045U

.034U

.104

.058

.035U

.093

.046U

1 1i

.091

.058

.082

.033U

.024U

1*

.021

.058

/019

.037F

.039F

1.015

.058

/.013

.043F

.045F

1,t7

.G21

.058

/.018

.037F

.040F

1*

.027

.058

.02

.031F

.034F

,,1*

.034

.058

.030

.024F

.028F

1*

.032

.058

.029

.026F

.029F

1*

.031

.058

.028

.027F

.030F

tl*

.030

.058

.027

.028F

.031F

2.136

.058

.121

.078U

.063U

1.059

.058

.053

.001U

''.005F

1.045

.058

.041

.013F

.017F

1.055

.058,

.049

.003F

.009F

1.035

.058

.031

.023F

.027F

1.077

.058

.069

.019U

.011U

14063

.058

.057

.005U

.001F

2 7

..1210

.058

.188

.152U

.130U

.141

.058

.126

.083U

.068U

.026

.058

.023

.Q32F

.035F

1.085

.058

.076

.027U

.018U

f 1

.0,59

.058

.052

.001F

.006F

.108

.058

.096

.050U

.038U

'1

1.089

.058

.080

.031U

.022U

-*Successf

1111

.062U

(.299U

.049U

.679U

.081V

.057U

.076F

.088F

.077F

.065F

.052F

.055F

.057F

.059F

'.141U

.004F,

.012F

.12F

.050F

.030U

.004U

.282U

.151U

.067r

4045U

.007F

(088U

'.053U

Page 67: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

'(4

.

Table 2 (Continued)

Search,/

No. of

Usage

Efficiency

Total

Item No.

Time iii

Entries

.A x A

S x S

S x

Variance

Variance

Variance

,Seconds"

Searched

/.

(V)

(Veff)

(V

)tot

7'

255

16.3

1.025

.0587/z

.022

..-

.023F

o 256

236.2

2

A5

.458

I.

.148

.107U

257

119.2

1.

3-.:;:058

.075-

.025U

258

/244.0

2/

.171

7!

:058

'.153

-.113U

259

/145,6

1.102,,/

.058

.091

.044U

260 /

86.

1*

5161

.058

.054

.003U

261,7

102.

1,.071

.058

.064

.013U

262

357.0 \

4/ .250

.058

.223

.192U

263

116.4

\1

7/

.081

.058

.073

.023U

264'

452.6

3r"

.31

.058-

.283

.258U

265

55.9

1'

.0 9

.058

.035

.019F

266

118.7

1183

.058

.074

.025U

267

259-6

2.181

.058

.162

.123U

269

274.5

.192

.058

.172

i.121307;5

34

268

188.1

,,

2.131

.058

.118

270

119.3

2.083

.058

.075

271

135.2

.2

,.095

.058

.08

.037U

272

137.7

--'

1*

.096

.058

.0 6=

273

166.9

2'

.117

'

.058

104

274

57.2

1*

.040

.058

.036

',

.01'F

/275

121.8

1.092

.058

.082

',

.034U

276

78.2

1.055

.058

,;.049

9.903F

277

252.4

/-

2.176.

.058,,

.158

,18U

278

379.6

3.265

''"

.05

.237

.207U

279

196.5

11

:137

.0 8

.123

.079U,

281

555.9

6*

.389.{

,0'58

.347

.331U

280

- 483.8

2.338

58

.302

.280U

282

118.7

'

2*

.083

.058

.074

_.025U

4 / 036F

.059F

1.090U

.197U

I017U

.042U

.\095U

.206

.33U

.077U

*Successful match

04F

.001U!,-

\

.006U

.

rn

.165U

:357U

.015U

.038U

.225U

.473U

.023F

.042F

.016U

.041U

.104U

.227U

.06*

.133U

.11

.248U

.017

.042U-

.02 U

.064U

.0 ?8

.066U

4.105U

F(1/4

.040F

.024U

.058U

'

.009/F

.100U

,

/

.012F

.218U

.179U

.386U

.065U'

.144U

.244U'

.524U

.289U

.620U

.016U'

.041U

Page 68: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

a

Table 2'(Continued)

vt4

Search

No. of

Usage

Efficiency

Total

'

Item No.

Time in-

.Entries

A X A,

S x S

S x A

Variance

Variance

Variance

Seconds

Searche

(Vu)

(Veff)

(Vtot)

a

284

16.5

1*

.011

.058

285

,-,

159.9

`1

.1J%

.058

286,

97.0

'

1.06i

.058

287

132.7

1.093

.058

288

118.3

1.083

.058

289

136.1

1.095

:058

290

143.3

1.094

:058

291

111.4'

1.078

.058

292

357.7

2.250

'

.058

293

13.2

2*

:009

.058

29

54.1

1*

.039

.0,58

295

273.1

1.191

.058

296

120.9

1.085

.058

298

27.8

1*

.019

.058

299

178.9

1*

.125

.058

300

45.7

1*

,4032

.058

301

203.4

1.142

.058

307

699.1

3.489

.058

304

1.058

305

1.058

306

1.058

307

1.058

308

- --

1.058

309

r1

.058

,

310

310.3

2.217

.058

311

1

312

16,5.0

1..115

.058

313'

90.6

1.063

.058

.058

*' -Successful match

.010

.100

.061

.083

.074

.085

.084

.070

.224

.008

.034

.171

.076

.017

.112

.029

t127

.437

.047F

048F

.054U

.142U

.009U

.013U

.035U

.025U

.025U

.016U

.037U

.027U

.036U

.026U

.020U

.012U

:192U'

.166U

.049F

.019F

.024E

.133U

113U

.027U

.039F

.067U

.026F

.084U

.431U

.041F

.064U

,029F

.069U

.379U

.095F

.096U

.012U

.060U

.041U

- %I:164U

.062U

.032U

.358U

.099F,

.043F

.246U

.045U

,.080F

.131U

..055F

.153

.8

.192

.159U

.1346-

.293U

.057U

.045U

.104U

.005U

.001F

.004U

Page 69: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

I,I

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

-

Search

Time in

Seconds

E314

158.1

315

4,147.2, -.

.317

.88.i

316 -

- - - - °.

___,

,

319

59.5

321

120.3

4 -

320

121.6*

-324

44.5

-322_

267.8

23

48.6.

'S

328

20.6

326

65.5

3247

16.4

(.;

329

225.3

30

331

332

21..5

16

333

-)

334

0.0

..

.k

335

zr_,

336'

21.2

337

338

342

119.7

339

129.5

343

258.6

344

275.8

346

1306.0

Successful match

No. of

Entri%s

Searched

A x A

1

SS x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Neff)

Total

Variance

.(V

)tot

1..111

'ji::105

.100

.053U

.042U

.095U

omm

..1.

.103

J058'

.092

.045U

.034U

.079U

,458L.

-

1*

.062

.058

.05

.0040

.003F

.001U

1*

.042

.10)5

.037

.016F

.021F

,037F

1.

'.085

.(5:

.076

.027U

.0180

.045U

1.072

4 58

.064

.014U\

.006 1t

.020U

2 1* /

.187

-.034

458

.058

.167

.030

'4.024F

.129U

\,

.109U

.028F

.238U

.052F

lr

'.031

..028

(--

.027F

.030F

.057F

1*

.046

.140055:'

.012F

.017F

.029F

I,*

.011

.010

:0113

..047F

.048F

.095F

1*

.014

J058

.044F

.045F

-.1:117U

1*

.157

458

.141

'

.099U

.083U

1'

1958

4058

,1

.015

.058

.0 3

.043F

.045F

.0881'

..-,1*

1*

.012

.4588

.0

.046F

.047F

.093F

1*

if

.014

:058

.01

.0WF

k

W45F

.089F

1.

.1058

.-7--

1*

.015

-,.

.1058

.013

043F

-.045F

.088F

.-

11058

1.

.458

1 -

1.091

J05*

t

.0$1

.033U

.023U

.056U

1.084

.

10

.07

.0 6,q,_

.017U

.043U

.1

.181

'.058

.16

-..12 U

.104U

.227U

,2

.193

.i058)

.172

.135U

.156U

.114U

,1330

.249U

.21191.1

3.214

.0581

.191

I

Page 70: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

t

Table 2

(Continued

,Search

Item No.

Time in

Seconds

o. of

ktrAs

Searched

A x A

SS

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

E347

210.5

348

103.2

349

134.3

4.0

41 2

136.7

R3 --- 22.0

R4

130.5

R5

121.3

R6

r23.1

2 2 1 2*

1 2*

If

!

.147

.072

..063-

.096'

NO15

'.091

:0862

.086

1

R7

it

8

"R

9

R 10

R R 12

R13°

R'14

R 15

R 16

R 17

R 18

R 19

R

-a 21.

N-

R 23

85.0

57.2

.39.3

-186.6

57.3

101.9

41.5

21.8

117.6

122.2

18.8

f27,2

.22.1

15.0

33.0

24.5

29A

R 24

161..4

25

.0

*succeseful match

.058 8

.458.

..058

.058

'.058

.058

58

.\ .058

\.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058

.058.

.058

.058

.058

.058

:058

.058

.058

.058

.68

.058

..059

.040

.027

\.131.

,040

.071 "---!

A.029

4 .015

.082

.085-

.013.

v089

.015

.010

;.023

'.017

..021

.113

.020

,132

.065

.084

'.056

.085

.014

.082

.076

.077

.053

.036 1,0

'9215

.117.

'064

.026

.014

p74

.076

1.012

.080

.014

.009

!.02l

.015

r018

.101

.018

.089T

.014U'

.036U

.005U

.038U

.043F

.033U

.027U

028U

. 001U

.018F

.031F

.073U,

.018F

.013U

..1629F

.043F

.024U

,027U

I.045F

-.031U

')

.043F

/.048F /

.035FI

.041F.

.0371

.055U

. 038F

Efficiency

Variance

(Vetf)

To =1

Variane

(V tOt).

.074U

'-163U

.007U

.021U

.026U

.062U

.002F,

.$931J

.027U

_.065U

.044F

.087F

.024U

.057U

8U

.045U

9U

.047U

.005F

.0 4F

.022F

.0

V.033F

.064F\

.059U

.i132U

.022F

.040F

..006U

.019U

.032F

.061F

.087F

.016U

.040U

.018U

.045U

.046F

.091F

.022U

-.053U

.044F

.1087F

.049 F

.037F

1097F

/072F

.043F

.0g4F

.040F

.077F

.043U

.098U

.04QF

.078F

Page 71: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

r

r

Table 2 (Continued)

Igem No.

Search'

No. of

Time in

Entries

,'Seconds

Searched

- A x A

S x' S

S x A

Usage

ficispcy

Total.

Variance

JVariahce

Variance

(Vu

)

,(Veff)

'

(Vtot)

ER26

1Fr5

1*

.0 13

:058

.:012

R 27

36.3

2*

.025

.058

.023-

R 28

1,6.5

1*

.012

'

.058

.010

R9

425.1

3*

.297

.058

.266

R 3a

21.5

1*

.015

.058

R 31

15.2

1*

.011

.05

.010

R 32

264.3

2*

.185

8.165

R 33

111.7

1*

.078

.058

.070

R 34

17.3

1*

.012

.058

.011

R 35

1874_

2*

.131

.058

.117

R 37

39.0

1.167

0.058

.149

R 38

212.5

1.149

.058

.133

R 39

180.2

'1*

.126

.058

J .113

R 40

162..3

1*

.113

.058

.101

R 41

57.4

.040

.058

.036

R-42

25.8

1*

.018

.058

.016

R 43

14.0

1*

.010

.05p

.009

R 44

'39.7

1*

.028

.658

.025

R 45

32.4

1*

.023

.058

.020

R 46

26.5

1*'

.019

.058

.017

R 48

27.5

1*

.019

.058

.017

R 49

15.0

1*

.010

.058

.009

R 50

22.2

1*

.016

.0513

.014

R 51

41.3

1*

.029

.058

-026

R 5

,

75.4

2*

.053

.05

.047

R 53

18.1

1*

.013

.058

.011

R 54

7.1

1*

.005

.058

.004

R,55

18.4

1*

.013

. .058

.012

.

*Successful match

,045F

.033F

.04F

.239IL

.043F

' .047F

.127U

121;063

,,

.091U

.P09U

.055U

.068U

-..018F

'.040F

.048F

..030F

.035F

.039F

'.089F

.048F

.042F'

.029F

.005F

1.045F

.053F

.045F

4

.046F

.035F

,048F

.208U

.045F

.048F

.107U

.812U

,

:(011Z

..091U

..075U

.055U

v

.022F

.

.042F

.045F

..033F

.038F

.041F

.041F

.049F

.044F

.032F

.011F

*

.047F

.00::;

.091F

.068F

.094P

.447U

.088F

.095F

.234U

.032U

,132-tL

.093F

.200U

.11.r311.11

.098U

.040F\.

.082F

.097F

%063F

.073F

.080F

.080F

,...g9876;

T1E;

. .092F

.107F

.091F

Page 72: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

-

No, of,

Entries

Searched

A x A

S x A

Usage

Variance

(V )

Eff ciency

Variance

(V

)_eff

_

ER 56

24.8

1*

.017

.058

.016

.041F

\\

.042F

R 57

28.8

1*

.020

.05

.018

.038F

.040F

R 58

20.0

1.014

.058

.013

044F

.045F

R 59

26.0

1*

.018

.051

.016

:1540F

.042F

R 60

16.4

1*

.011

.058

.010

.047F

.048F

R 61

59.1

3*

.041

.-058

.037

.017F

:021F

62

251.9

1*

.176

.0511

.157

.118U

.099U

R 63

18.2

1*

.013

.058

.011

.045F

.047F

1

R 64

67.7.

2*

.047

.058

.042

.011F

.016F

R 65

22.5

1*

.016

.058

.014

.042F

.044F

R 66

271.9

1.190

'"

.058

.170

.1.32U

.112U

R 67

130.7

1.091.

.058

.082

.033U

.024U

R 68

17.8

1*

.012

:058

.011

-.046F

.047F

R 69

319:1

2.223

.058

.199

.165U

.141U

R70

140.2

1.098

..058

.088

.040U

4030U

R 71

123.0

1.086

.058

.077

..028U

.,019U

R 72

146.2

.102

.058

.091

.044U

.033U

R 73

7.4

1*

.058

.055

.003U

'.003F

R Tit

16.8

1*

.012

.058

.011

.046F

.047F

R 75

54.0

3*

1*

.038

.018

.058

..058

.034

.016

.020F

.040F

.024F

R 76

26.1

R 78

35.3

2*

.Q25

.05.4

.022

.033F

.036F'

R 79

116.4

1081

.05s

.073

.023U

.G15U

R80

132.8

1.093

.058

.083

.035U

.025U

.R 81

94.4

1.066

.058

.059

.008U

.001U

R 82

54.7

1*

.038

.058

.03,4

.020F

.024F

R 83

,162.0

1*

.113

.058

.101

.055U

.043U

R 84

120.0

1*

.084

.058

.075

.026U

.0171)

ISuccessful match

TOtai,

Variance

\. tot

)

.083F

. 078F

.089F

.082F

.095F

.038F

.217U

.092F

'.027F

'.086F

.244U

' .057U

.093F

.306U'

-.070U

7047U

077U

. 000

'.093F

.044F

..082F

.069F

.038U

.060U

.009U

. 044F

.098U

,.043U

A

Page 73: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 2 (Continued)

ItM No,

Time in

Entrles

A x A

S $ 8

S

Seconds

Searched

x A

Variance

Variance

T7iicaa7l:

-

Search)

No. of

,Usage

Efficiency

-q,

(VI)

(Neff)

Vaga

.143

4043

.0513

.128

.085U,

.070U

.155U

.05p-

038

.0151F)

..020F

.035F

1.072

058

4.014

.006U

.023U

020U

.090

.05ti

.08

85U

.076

.05;8

.068

f.28111.1

.010U

.025U

0280

.096

. 058

.086

.0381.1

.(4.1

(0111-1

.044

i018

.040

.274

618

.245.

.2161

.1871

.092

.029

' .058

058

.082

.026

.027U

.014F

.034U

.029F

.018F

.024U

.'018U

.032F

.058U

.00:::

:.061F

.085

.058

.076

.096

.058

.086

.038U

.028U

.066U .

O2tU

.081

.058

.p73

..015U

.038U

.

.045

.058

'.041

.013F

.037F

.050F

.112

.058

.100

.054U

,.042U

.096U

.008

.058 -

.007

.050F

.051F

.101F

ER 85

204.4

1R 86

61.2

1*

R 87

102.6

1*

R 88

129.2

'

1*

..-

R 89

108.6

1*

R 90

137.7

1*

/R 91

392.7

'3R 92

.'63.6

.1*

R 93

131.0

1*

R 94

41.3

1*

R 95

.122.2

1*

R96

\-

1.7

1

...,,

R 97

116.

1

R 98

65.0

1

R 99

160.3

1-

R100

11.8

1*

R101

/- 134.5

1*

094

,..O58 -

.084

.036U

026U

062U

R102

11.0

*008

.058

.007

.050F

.051F

101F

R103

-36 6

*' 026

.058

.023

.032F

035F

067F

R104

,152

1106

.058

.095

.048U

f..037U

:085U

R105

265.8

1186

.058

.166

.028U

.108U

.136U

R106

16.5

1*

..012

058

.010

.046F

048F

094F

NR107

207.0

'1

145

.058

sn2

---

.087U

071U

158U

R108

16 9

1*

.012

.0.2

011

0'6

F.047F

093F

R109

32.4

1*

023

.058

020

.035F

8F

.073F

R110

267 4

1.187

.058

l&7

129U

1 9U

238U

R111

31 6

1*

.022

.058

.020

.036F

38F

14F

R112

204 5

1.143

.;058

128

085U

0 OU

55U

*Successful match

4r

Page 74: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table

Continued)

1

,Search

-No. of

Item No.

. Time

in

fEntries

A X A

Si x S

Seconds

At§earched

if

I

--.

Usage

S x A

Variance

(Vu)

A'

bow

ER113

4.9

1.003

1.058

R114

78.6

1*

.055

1.058

R115

242.3

2/

.169

1.058

R117

1.103

1.058

R118

_147.8

220.6

2*

.154

1.058

R120

18.1

1*

.013

1.058

R121

2 31:2

1*

.016

1.058

R122.

229.9

2*

.161

1.Q58

R123

.18.2

1*

.013

;.058

R124

22.0

1*

.015

1.058

R125

110.1

1.077

;.058

-R126

203.9

.1

.143

1.058

R127

(24.6

2.017

1.058

R128

182.5

1.128

1.058

...

R129

66.7

2.047

.058

R130

102.7

1*

.072

1.058

R131

198.8

-2*

.139

1.058

R132

176.6

1.123

;.058

R133

17.6

1.012

.058

R134

143.4

1.100

1.058

R135

372..4

1/

.260

1

.058

R136

92.6

1*

.065

.058

R137

57.8

2.040

.i

.058

R138

160.9

1)

.112

.058

R139

161.8

1.113

.058

R140

143.1

1.100

,.058

R141

282.5

1.197

!.058

R142

137.3

14

.154

,.058

*1

Successful match

011

I

.003

.049

.151

.092

.138

.011'

.015

.144

.011

.014

.069

.127

.114

.042

.064

.124

.110

.011

:1090

.233

/11(8

036

01 01

.17

.138

.055F

.003F

.111U

.045U

.096U

.045F

.042F

.103U

.045F

.043F

,019u

.085U

.041F

%070U

.011F

.014U

.0811i

.065U

.046F

.042U

.202U

.007U

.018F

.054U

.055U

.042U

.139U

.0D6U

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

.055F

.110F

.009F

.012F

.093U

.204U

.034U

.079U

.O'80U

.1Z6f.i\

.047F

.092F-

.043F

.085F

.086U

.189U

.047F

.092F

'

.044F

.087F

.011U

.030U

.069U

.154U

.043F

a/.

.084F

.056U

.126U

.016F ,

.027F

.006U

.020U

.066U

.147U

.052U

.117U

.047F

.093F

.03kU

.074U

.04.5U

.277U

.000

.007U

.022F

.040F

.043U

.097U

.043U

.098U

.031U

.0q3U

.119U

.258U

.70U

Page 75: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Co-;

Table 2 ,(Continued)

Search

No. of

Item No.

Time in

Entries

A x A

S x S

S x-A

Seconds

Seafched

ER142a

220.7

2,.096

.058

.086

R143

142.3

1.,

.099

.058

.089

R143a

144.2

1.101

.058

.090

R144

135.2

1.164

.058

.146

R144f,

234.2

2,,.

.095

.058

.085

R145i

25.1

1-.018

.058

.016

R145a

238.7

2-

.167

.058

.149

R146

134.2

1.094

.058

..084

R146a

160.6

2.112

.058

.100

R147

97:2

1*

.083

.053

..074

R147a

119.0

f.070

.058

.061

R148

132.4

1,

.173

.068

.154

R148a

247.1

1.093-

.058

.083

R149

113.2

1.079

.058

.071

R145A

114.8

1t

,--1v,:-:, 080

.058

.072.

8150

328.6

3Aab,

'1:.230

058

"205

R150a

101.6

1-

471

58

.064

771

85476.4

1224

58.682.,

43.32

54.146

*4,

Successful match

it4

Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

°tot)

.038U

.028U

.066U

.04111

.031U

.072U

.043n

.032U

.075U

.106U

.088U

.194U

.027U

:027U

.054U

,040F

.042F

.082F

.109U

.091U

.200U

.036U

.026U

.062U

.054U

.042U

.096U

.025U

.016U

.041U

.012U

:003U

\__.015U

.115U

.0960

.211U

.035U

.025U

`.-0-600

.021U

.013U

.0340

..036U

.022U

.014U

.172U

.147U

..-319U

.'013U

...

.006U

,....,

'-.019U

15.356U

10:820U.

26.176U

O

Page 76: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

q.

Table 3

TITLE II

Search

No. of

4.

Usage

Efficiency

Total

Item No.

Time in

Entries

'

A x A

S x S

S x A

Variance

Variance-

Variance

Seconds

Searched

(Vu

)(Veff)

(T tot)

tot

112.7

'1

.007

.009

.008

.002F

.001F

214.7

1.008

.009

.009

..gglIFJ

.000

319.9

1.010

.009

.012

.003U

416.Z

1*

.008

.009

.010

.001F

.001U

/5

9.6

1*

.005

.009

.006

.004F

.003F

/6

18.6

1*

.010

.009

.012

.001U

.003U

11.4,

1*

.006

.009

.007

.003F

.002F

,:057'

814,0'

1*

.007

.009

.009

.002F

.000

917.1

1*

.009

.009

-.011

.000

.002U

10

12.1

1*

.006

'

.009

.008

.003F

.001F

11

7.7

1*

.004

,..009

.005

,.005F

.004F

' 12

12.5

1*

.007-

,.009

.008

.002F

.001F

13

10 2 \

.

'

1*

.005

.009

.006

.004F

.003F

14

11.5/

1*

.006

.009

.007

.003F

.002F

15

7.2

1*

.004

,.009

.005

.005F

.004F

16

10.1

'

1*

.005

.009

.006

.004F

.003F

17

'11.6

:'.

1.006

.009

.007

.003F

.002F

13

48.3

.

.004

.009

.005

.005F

.004F

- 19

5.5

.,

"1*

.003

.009

.003,

.006F

.006F

20

15.9

1*

.'O8

.009

.010

.001F

.001U

21

14.0

1*\

.007

1.009

.009

.002F

.000

..1

22

5.5 '

1'

.003

'1..g0099'

.003

.006F

.006F

23

8.2

1.004

.005

.005F

.004F

24

*14.5

11

.008

009

.009

.001F

.000,

25

* 5.9

1.

1*

.003

1009

.004

.006F

.005F

B1

12.5

'

1*

.009

1009

.008

.000

.001F

*

...-

1

Suctessfurmatch

.003F

.001F

.004U

.007F

.004U

.905F

KOO2F

3102U

.g04F

'.009F

.003F

.007F

.005F

.009F

,.007F

.005F

.009F

.012F

.002Y

.012F

i.009F

.001F

-..,

.011F

.001F

1.4

Page 77: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

<6'

.4

Table31

(Continued)

fl

Item No.

-Search

No. of

rite in

.Entriei

A'x A

Seconds

Searched

224.6

3.

20.7

49.74-z

525.8

651.6

70.0

:.19.4

9"13.2

10

11.0

11

20.6

12

19.3

13

1 .6

14

15

15

16.

16

23.9

17

9 19.0

18

.,--

13.5

19

21.0'

20

8.b

21

10.3

22

21.6

R1

14.2

R.

216.8

R3

10.8

R >4

10.1.

R6

9.6

R7

R8

10.2

Six S

i,

t

1.017

409

'.015

.008U

1.014

4009

.013

.005U

1.007

009

.006

.002F

1.026

4009

.024

.017U

2.036

.1009

1*

.007/

:14(00099

.032

.027U

.006

.002F

1*

.0

.012

.00S

U2*

.009

X909

.008

.000

J009

19013

.013

j:00000099

.004U

.009

.012

.013

.007

.001F

2

.001U

.004U

1.008.

1*

r.010

.009

:009

.002U

1*

t:.

.011

:009

.010

.002U

1.011

.010

-. 015

.008U

1:017

'1.009

1.013

*f.009

.012

,.004U

1.009

A09

.008

.000

1*

.015

:.009

.013

.006U

1.006

,009

.005

.003F

1*

.007

,..009

.006

_......-

.00(026iFi

1 :

.015'

;.009

.0

1*

.010

'.009

.00

E.

.000013uU I/

1*

.012

..009

.011

.007

.001F

1*

.008

'.009

1*

.007

'.009

.006

%002F

1*

.007

'.009

.006

.002F

1*

.005

.009

.005

.004F

X'

.1*

.007

.009

1606 A

.002F

Usage

Efficiency

S x A

Variance

Variance

(Vu)

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)-

\..

*Successful match

.006U

.004U

.003F

. 015U

.023U

.003F

..003U

.001F

.002F

. 004U

.003U

.000

.001U

.001U

.006U

.003U

.001F

.004U

.004F

.003F

.005U

.000

. 002U

.002F

.003F

.014U

.009U

.00SF

.03.2U

.050U

.005F

.008U

.001F

.-003F

.008U

'

.007U

.000

.003U

.003U

.014U

.007U'

.001F U

. 007F

.00SF

.001U,

.00SU

.003F

. 00SF

0F

t40,05F

04F

: .008F

.1.003F2

/.005F

Ai

Page 78: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Item No.

Table 3 (Continued)'

Search

No- of.

Time in

Entries

A x A

S x S

S x A

Variance

Variance

Variance

Seconds

Searched

(V u)

il(Veff)

(I/tot)

Usage

,Efficiency

Tot -2

BR

99.0

1*

R 10

9.2

1

R 11

8.1

1*

R 12

8.5

03.*

R 13

=9.0

1*

R 14

13.5

1*

R 15

A6.7'

1*

R 16

7.5

1*R 1/

12.9

1*

R 18

12.9

1*

R19

13.8

1

R 20,

13.6

1*

R 21

5.8

1*

R 22

9.3

1*

R 23

11.4

1

R341

8.6

1*

/1

33.3

r*

222.0

1*

419.2

1,*.

540.5

1

632.3

1

716,6

18

12.3

1

94.3

1

10

14.5

'1

11

12.2

1

12

22.4

1

13

28.0

1

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

.003F

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

;906

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

,:e000 4,:e.e,

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

';'.--

-,005

4.0Q9

.004

.004F

..°0=

'

:117;00,1.'"

il..., .009

.008

.000

,001F

.005F.

t. '

..0c

15. -

,!.009

4.

.005

.004F

.004F

.003F,

.001F

.001F

''..'4'`.;008-

'.009

.008

.000

..4e4,.010

1.009

..iggillij

).001F

.001F

4: :909.,

.009

.008

.000

':01V

.009

.000

00IU

.000

4.009

.009

.000

.002F

.005Ffk

.U1OF'

.1003F 4P

:004-

1.009

.004

.005F

.005F

.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

t008

i'.009

.007

.001F

:g13274

,...

.006

.009

.005

.0p4

.003F

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Page 79: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

,

/Item No.

,40

AD-t;.

Search

Time in

A-u4ti'.s

S xr S

Seconds

SeAttehed-

S x A

Usage

Efficiency

Total.

Variance

,Variance

Variance

(Vu)

(Veglf)

(Vtot

)

/-

C14

16.3

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609

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Page 80: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

C

Item No.

.Search

Seconds'

C62

9.7

63

4.9'-

D1

18.5

218.2

326.8

417.6

525.0

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16

29.1

1/0

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18

14.0

19

24.5

20

4.9

21

12.2

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17.4

No. of

Entries

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Table 3 (Continued)

A x A.

S x S

S x A

.Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

/Efficiency

Variance

(Veif)

Total

Variance

(V tot)

tot

.006

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.006

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.003F

-.006F

.003

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.003

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23

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25

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26

37.0

12

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12.6 -4

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Z

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Page 81: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

able 3 (Continued)

Search

'No. of

,7'11sage

Efficiency

To al

Item No.

Time in

Entries

A x

-S x S

S x A

Variance

Variance

Vance

Sec?hds

Searched

(1.1u)

(Veff

)tot)

28

34.0

29

15.5

30

19.5

31

26.5

3-2

10.2

33

23.8

34

15.0

35

18.8

36

19.8

37

, -26.6

38

22.8

14.0

115.6

41

28.6

42

15.2

44

18.8

45

22.2

46

10.1

47

/1 28:4

50

/

1 26.5

51

1 18.2

53,

/ 135.0

54

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57

30.4

.58

18.2

59

39.1

60

317,5

61

18.8

Successful' match

1 1 1 1 1*

1 1*

1 1 1 1*

1 1 1 1 1 1 1*

1

24

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11

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. 0 7

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Page 82: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

7V

Table 3 (Continued)

Item. No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

D62

27.8

63

33.1

64

32.9

65

37.4

66

55.6

67

23.2

68

27.1

69

17.9

70

34.0

71

16.0

72

721.0

73

16.4

74

49.6

-75

33.9

76

30.

77

33.1

78

'22.4

79

22.6

80

15.0

81

26.4

83

25.0

84

17.4

85

86

10.3

87

13.0

88

10.7

90

16.0

91

5.1

*Successful match

No. of

Entries

Searched

Usage

S '>( A

Variance

(Vu)

Eff

Var CVefciency

nce

1

.019

.023

.023

.026

-.039

.016

.019

.013

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.015

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.024

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009

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. 009

. 009

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. 01

0

.¢'10

013

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.0

.010U

414y

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// 030

/ - 007U

010U

.0 5

-0 di2U

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//.015U

.007U

.007U

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.008U

.003U

.001U

.002F

.000

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.005F

.008

.012

.012U

.014U

.026U

To al

Vari

ce

(Vtot."

.018U

,026U,

-026U

.031U-

.056U

09

.017

.016

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009

.006

.006

.007

.010

' .003

.006y

if-, :clou

/-i01811

.00su

.002U

.006U

.027U

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F.001U,

,003U

.0040

.010U

.010b

.022U

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.043U

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.001F

.001F

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.001U

.003U

.006F

.011F

Page 83: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

IP

Item No.

..

p Search

No.. of

Time-in

Entries

Seconds

Searched,

6

Table 3 (Continued)

Usage

.

S x

AVariance

(V ) u

Efficiency

Total.

Variance:

Variiince

(Veffy

(vtot)

92

11.2

93'

,.8.4

94.

8.9

95

'15.0

96

--

9.6

'5.1

12:1

8.7

9.0

14.9

6:9

14.3-

10.3

11'4

8.6

A98

99

;100 101-

.102

103

1q4

105'.

106

,,

107

108._

-,!

109

a110

111

113

114

ti

0-

1.008

"- : 4.009

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071*

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1*

..'

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.

is

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1.007

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1.005

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1.010

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1* 4

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Page 84: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

TSble 3 (Continued)

(et

di

.

Search

,.

No. of

usage

Efficiency

'Tim in.

Entries

A x A:

S x S

Vx A

Variance

Variance

Total

Item No

Variance

Seconds

Searchecilk

(V.0 )

.(Veff

)(Vtot)

D121

14.9

1*

.010

....

12Z

11.2

1.008

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85:7_

41*

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1.008

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L* '

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a.

5.2

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13:7

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1*

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11.1

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10.0'

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144

9.2

1.006

145

17.0

1.012

146

10:2

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6:7

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148..

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150

110

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1*

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,

154

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12.5

1*

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155

5.7

-1

1.004

SuoiDessful match

?

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1U

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:007

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.0.03F

-

.009

-9

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Page 85: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

-

Ttithle 3 (Continued)

f

4 `,% 6

Item No.

Search

,-

No. of

Time in

Entries

Seconds

.Searched

AxA

*

D156

'

1*

.00P4.

.,

157

,8.2

14.6

,

1*

.010

X58

7.4 ,.

v ,

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160

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161

9.5

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162

6.1

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163

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164

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166

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168

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6.6

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.1*

.005

.171

7.a, 40.

1*

.005

172

.14.6

1*

010

173

5.6

-1

.004

174

6_1____,-c:-_,

1*

.004

175

-6.7

..005

176

12.3'

1*

.009

177

9.5.

1*

'.007

178

9.1

1***.

..006''

179

20.2'

2*

.014

180

7.6

41*

.005

181

11.7

1.010

182

7.9

1.006

SxS

Usage

Efficiency

Total

Vaciance

',Variance.

Variance

Nu)

.(Yeff)

(V

)to

.009

'

-.00

.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

:009,

i

.009

.009

:009

--.

..009

'.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

,

.003F

.. .004r

.007F

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

0.005

.004F

.004F

.008F,

,

.009'

.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

.....009

.009

109

183'

5.6

1*

.004

.0

*Successfulmatch

.007

.002F'

.002F

.004F

.007

''.002F

.002F

.004F

..,_

.006

.002F

00 F

.005F

.004

X I

F0:

.010F

403

,010

.005

. 006

.007

.007

.004--

-.005

.005

.009,

.004

.004

.004

.opti

.006

.006

.013

.005

.009

. 005

-

.005F

,.006F

.011F

-;-1,002U

.001U''

.0

.004F

.002F

.003F

.001F

'.002F

.

.001F

2F

.004F

.005F

.004F

.004F

.004F

'

.004F'

.001U

.000

.005F

IT5

.005F

005E

.004F

.005F

.000

.001r_

.002F

.00F

.003F

.003r

.00511*

.004U

.004F

'

.004F

.001U

.000

/0i-

.003F

.004F

. 004

.00SF

.00SF

1.

.003U

.007F

.005F

.00'3F

.003F

.009F

.008F

..008F

.-.00IU

.010F

.010F

.009F

.001F

.005F

.006F

.009U

.008F

1001U

.007F

o.

Page 86: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

0

'Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

Usage

A x A

'SxS

SVariance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(11tot)

a184

16.2

1.

.011

.009

185

8.1

A*.

.006

.009

16

8.7

71.

,

.006

.009

187

19.5

f1

.014

.009

188

12.2

1*

.009

.009

189

18.0

1*

.013

.009

'190

18.2

1.013

.009

191

14.7

1"

.010

.Q09

192

9.7

114

.007

.009

193-

13,6

1.010

.009

194

8.0

1,

.006

.009

195

7.2

1r).

.005

.009

196

4.3

1*

.003

',009

197

--._

10.2

1'

.007

.009

*. :

198

17.5

.1-

-.012

.009

199

9.8

1.067

.009

.)

200

8.7

1.006

.009

E1

10..

1.007

.009

.:

29.3

.,

1:

.007

.009

--,

313.2

11*

.009

.009

433.9

2.024

'.009

516.5

1.012

.009

612.3

.1

.009

.009

741.2

.A29

.009

1

8.10.4

1'

.007

.009

926.3

1'

.018

'.009

10',

8.6

d*

.006

.009

11

13.2

'..

1.009

.009

.010

.005

.005

.008

.011

.011

.009

.006

.009

.005

.005

.003

'.006

.011

,006

.005

.006

.006

.009

-021

.010

.008

.026

.007

.016

.005

.008-

.002U

.003F

.003F

.005U

.000

N.

, .004U

.004U

.001U

.002F

.001U

.003F

.004F

.006F

.002F

.003U

.002F

.003F

.002F,

.002F

.000

.015U

3U

0

20U

002F

.009U

.003F

.000

.601U

.004F

.004F

.003U

.001F

.002U

.002U

.000

.003F

.000.

.004 F

.004F

.006F

.003F

.002U

:00

.004F

.003F

.003F

.000

.012U

.001U

,001F

.017U

.002F

.007U,

.004F

.001F

.003U

.607F

.007F

.008U

.001F

.006U

.006U

.001U

.005F

.001U

.007F

.008F

.012F

.0Q5F

.005U

.005F

.007F

.005F

.005F

000

.027U

.004U

.001F

..037U

.004F

st016U

.007J

.001F

*-

Successful match

Page 87: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

4,

ITah163 (Continued)

Item No.

E12 13

14

15

16

17

18'

19

20

'-'21

22

23

'24

25 26

27

28

29.

30

31

32,

--c.' 33

'

34

35

36 37

38

39

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries -1'

'Searched

'

A x A'

25.7

01

:.018

21.7

1.015-

16.5

1.0120

10.0

1*

.007

14.1

1*

.010

14.7

110

.010

9.6

1*

.007

.11.5

-1

:008

14.3

1*

.010

14.2

lir

,.

.010

35.6.

1*

.025

.34.5

1.024

14.1

1*

.^

,010

25.7

'

-1

.018

18.0

'

1'

.013

20.2

1.014

24.0

1*

'.017

13.2

1'.009

16.5

1.012

25.2

.1

.018

16.5

1.012

15:4

1.011

16.5

1.

.012\

35.9

----1

.025

14.4

1.010

20.3

-1*

.014

31.6

2.0-22

8.2

1.006

*Successful match

S x

SUsage

S x A

Variance

,--

(Vu

)

.009

.016

669

.014

.069

.010

.069

.006

.0te

.009

.00

.009

.009

',.006

.009

.007

.009

.009

.009

.009

'.009

.022

.009

..022

.009

.009

.0

.006U

.003

.02F

.0: U

.00 U

.002F

.001F

-1'001U

. 001U

.016U

. 015U

.001U

,009U

.004U

.005U

.008U

000

.003U

.009U

.003U

.002U

.003U

.0160

.001U

.005U

.013U

.003F

.009

:016'

.009

.011

.009

.013

.009

.015

.009

.008

..009

.010

.009

.016

.009

.010

.009

:010

.009

.010

.009

.022

.009

.00

.009

6.013

.009

.020'

.009

.005

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Tdtal

Variance

(V

)tot

.007U,

.016U

.005U-

.011U

.001U

.004U

.003F

.005F

.000

.001U

.000

.00IU

.003F

.00517

.002F

.003F

-.000

01U

<.000

.001U

Amu

.029U

.013U

.028U

.000

.001U

.04)U

.016U

.002U

.006U

.004U

.009U

.006U

.014U

.001F

.001F

.001U

.004U

.007U

.016U

.001U

.004U

:OO1U

.003U

.001U'

.004U

:013U

,.029U

.000

.001U

.0040

.009U

.011U

.024U

.004F

.007F

Page 88: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

C;.!

.6.1

'

Table

'oo

c,..)

(Conti

Item No.

Search

Tide in

Seconds

No. of.

Entries

Searched

A x A

0

S x S

'

S x A

Usage

V.

ce

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total.

Variance

(Vtot

)

'E

40

18.8

1.013

.009

.012

.004

.003U

.0070

41

54.7

2.

.021

.009

.019

.012U

.010U

.022U

42

16%3

-1

.011

.009.

.010

.002U

001U

.003U -

43

19.6

1.014

.

.009

.012

.003U

.008U

44

10.5

J.007

.009

.007

.°021Ej.

.002F

,004F

45

22.9

1.016

.009

.014

.09p

.905U

.001414

46

47.7

2.033

.009

.030

.OVIU

.0pU

47

23.0

2.016

.009

.014'

.007U

.005U

.012U

48

13.3

1:'009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

49

32.6

1.

.023

.009

.020

.014U

.O11U

.025U

5Q

16.2

1*

.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

51

21.6 .

1.015

.009

.014

.006U

.005U

.O11U

52

14.2

1.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

53

12.4

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

54

19.5

1.014

.009

.012

.005U

.003U

.008U

55

13.9

1.010

.009

, 009

.001U

.000

.001U

56

16.5

,mt

''''

1.012

.009

.010

.003U

.001U

.004U

57

.23.8

1*

.017

.009

.015

q.008U

.006U

.014U

59

18.5

1.013

.009

.012

.004U

.003U

.007U

60

3A

1.024

.009.

.022

.015U-

,.013U

.028U

'-61

16.9

f*

.012

.009

.011.--de

.003U

.002U

.005U

63

131,8

1*

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

64

17.51

1*

.012

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

65

k6.2

1.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

66

18.4

1.013

.009

.012

.004U

.003U

.007U

67

12.0

1*

.008

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

.002F

.68

33.6

1*

.023

.009

.021

.014U

.012U

.026U

69

.17.6

1*

.012

.009

.011

.003U

..002U

.005U

*Successful match

A

Page 89: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

-Table 3 (Cohtinued)

t7'.7

1/4

%.1

.4

Item

qNo.

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Searched

-...

A x A

-SxS

S x A '

Usage

Efficiency

Variance

Variance

"

(Vu)

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(Vtot

)

70

22.7

1*

.016

.009

.A14

.007V

.005U

.0K2U

71

22.4

1.016

.009

.014

.007U

.005U

.012U

72

21.3

1015

.009

.013

.006U

.004U

.010U

73

,9.3

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

-003F

.0,05F

74

36.0

1.025

.009

.023

.016U

.014U

.030U

75

43.2

1.030

.009

.027

.021U

.018U

.039U

76

16.2

1.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

77

20.8

1.015

.009

.013

.006U

.004U

.0.10U

78

18.5

1.013

.009

,012

.004U

.003U

.007U

79

29.5

1.021

.009

.018

.012U

.009U

.021U

80

21.0

1.015

.009

.013

.006U

.004U

.010U

81

13.2

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

-.001F

82

24.T

1*

.017

.009

.015

.008U

.006U

.014U

84

10.0

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

85

10.4

1.007

.009

.007

.002F

.002F

.004F

86

4.1

1*

.003

.009

.003

.006F

.006F

.012F

87

7.9

1.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

88

13.7

1.010

.009

.009

.000

.00k1U

.001U

90

9.0

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

91

15.2

1.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

92

12.0

-4*

.008

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

93

15.0

1.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

94

9.5

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

96

9.1

1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

97

12.5

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

98

5.5

1*

.004

.009

.003

.005F

.006F

L.011F

99

36.0

1.025

.009

.023

.016U

.014U

.030U

100

24.5

1.017

.009

.015

.008U

.006U

.014U

Successful match

Page 90: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

V

C.1

?A

Table 3 (Continued).

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

.No. of

Entries

Sea'rched

A x A

SxS

'

SxA

Usage

Variance

(V )

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(Vtot)

E,

101

;,2.0

oD 1

1.015

.009

.014

.006U

.005U

.011U

102

23.8

'1

.017

.009

.015

.00au

.006U

.014U

103

25.4

.1

.018

.009

.016

.009U

.007U

.016U

104

.10.0

%-...._12_k

.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

105

21.0

1.015

.0,09

.013

.006U

.004U

.010U

.105a

.16.2

1.011 ,

.009

.010

4,1702U

1001U

.003U,

'106

AA

14.2

1.010

..009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U,

..01SU

107

-27.7

*1*

.019

.009

.017

.010U

.008U

108

>,..

39.1

1,.027

.009

.024

.018U

.015U

.033U

109

5.6

1*

.004

.009

.004

.005F

.005F

.010F

110

16

1*

.011

-

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

..003U

111

.8

11.026

.009

.023

- .017U

.014U

.0S1U-

112

23.0.

,1

.016

.009

.014

.007U

.005U

.012U

113

9.2

1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

114-

20.6

1.014

.009

.013

.005U

.004U

.009U

s'

116

18.5

1.013

.009

.012

.004U

.003U

.007U

117

34.4

1.024

.009

.022

.0151)

.013U

.028U

118

10.6

1.007

.009

.007

.002F.

.002F

.004F

120

31.0

1.

.02'2

.0Q9

.019

.013U

.010U

.023U,

121

20.0

1,*

.014

-.009

.013

.005U

.004U

.009U

122

30.9

1.022

.009

.019

.013U

.010U

.023U

121

15.0

1.

.010.

.009

.009

.polu

.000

.001U

124

14.0

1*

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

127_

23.0

1.016

.009

.014

.007U

,.005U

.012U

128

--,

19.6

1.014

.009

.012

.005U

.003U

.008U

129

-25.0

,

.017

.009

.016

.008U

.007U

.015U

130

20.9

..015

.009

.013

.006U

.004U

.010U

131

14.7

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

*Successful match

at.

co

Page 91: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

a

'Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.-

Search

Time in

Seconds

No. of

Entries

Axti

SeArched

,19.6

133

15.3

135

17.2

136

145

137

10.0

131p

10.7

13ga

14.3

139'

18.0

140

17.2

141

18.1

142,

17.5

143

10.6

144

17.0

145

7.0

146

9.6

147

148

-5.3

149

14.5

150

27.9

151

25.7

152

24.8

153

5.7

156

9.7

157

7.2

15

10.3-

59

12.7."

160

9.6

161

8.2

1 1 1 1 1* 1 -1*

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1*

1 1 1 1*1*

1 1 1 1 1*

.014

.011

:012

.010

. 007

.007

.010

.013

.01

.013

.012

.007

.012

4.005

.007

. 007

.004

.010

.020

.017

.017

'

.004

.007

-Q05

Successful match

O

S xS

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

'Variance

,

(Veff

)

Total

.

:-Variance

,

(VtOt

)

.009

.012

.005U

.003U

.009

.010

.002U

.-001U

.003U

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

.009

:009

.001U

.00

.001U

.009

'.006

.002F

.003F,

.005F

.009

.007

.002F

.004F

.009

,.009

.001U

.000

,.001U

.009,

.011

.004U

.002U

.006U

.009f

-.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

.009

.004U

.002U

.006U

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

.009

.007

.002F

..002F

.004F

.009'

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

.009

.004

.004F

.005F

.009F

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

.009

.007

.002F

.002F

.004F

.009

.005F

.006F

'

.01IF

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

.009

.017

.001U

.130pu',

:0190

.009

.015

.01011.

.bo6u

t't

.0141.1_.\

.009

.016

.008U

0070

,p15y

.009

.004

,005F

%00,517.-

.orop

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A74.01,09

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.009

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Page 92: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Tab

le.:3

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tAtin

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)

,..

Sear

ch,

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187

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(Vu)

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Page 93: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

O

.31-Takle 3

(ColtinUed).

C-

4-4

,=,

Item No.

Search

Time in

\,

Seconds-

No. of

Entries

Searched

'4

191

11.9

.1

193

.12.2

1

198

11.7

1199

8.8

1

200

8.0

1201,

8.7

1

203 -

13.1

1

204

13.4

1

205

7.3

1 1

207

10.0

1

208

7.8

1*

210

1*

212,

4.9

1

213-

12.6

1

214

23.6

1ti

1.5

116

10.4

1

217

14.0

1

,218

9.2

1"

219

-15.8

1220

9.5

1

221.

13.3

1

11.4

'

1

223

11.4-

10^

.

224

9.8

1-

225

5.3'

1.

226

8.6

1*

Successful match

A x A'

.

.009'

.008

:6084

.006

.006

.006

.009

.009,

.005

.007

.005

.005

.007 .

.01

.009

.016_

.008

.067

.010

.006

.011

.007

.009

.008

.007

.008

.006,_-

.004

-S x

Usage,

-

6'x A

:-Variance

.

(Vu)

Efficiency,

Variance

(V

)

Total

Variande

(V tot)

tot

.

co

co

.4)09

T,,

.007

.001

F.002F.

.003

F-..

-.908

:000

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.006F

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--,

.Q05

- 7

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.004F

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09

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1:002F

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.005F

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.008F

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,

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.°01.014

Page 94: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Itetti No.

Search -

.

No. of

Time in

Entries

dreconds

Searched

A x A

S x

Usage'

Efficiency

Total-

,

x A

Variance

_Variance

Variance

(Vu)

(Veff)

Not)

'

E227.

14.0

228

9.3

229

17.0,

230

14.

231

9.0

'232

11.6

233

7.4

234

8.3

235

--,8.0

236

12.0

237

6.0

238

7i5

239

.7.7"

240

9.5

241

9.1

10.8'

2'43

14.8

244

9.7

245.

13.5

246

10.9

247

3,4

248

6.0

249

11.0'

250

14.2

251 1_,

7.5-

252

.-

12.0

253-

6.7 '

254

-14.0

,

*Successful Match,

It;

1.010

.009

-.009

.001U

.000

.001U

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

1*

.012

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

1.010

'.009

.009

,001U

.000

.001U

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

%.041,3F

.006F

1.

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

,003F

1*.

.005

.009

.005

.004F

.004F

.00SF

1 *'

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

.008

.009

° .008

.001F

.001P

.002,

1*

.004

.009,

°.004

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.005F

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1*,,

.005

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.004F

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1*

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.009

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'

--,*

.004

.gosF,

1*

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:009

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1.006

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1.008

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:007

.001F

.002F

/.003F

'

1.010

.009

.009

---5-

.001U

.000'

,001U

1.007

.009

.006

.002F.

'.003F

.005F

..009

.009

.008

.000,

.001F

.001F

1.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003P'

1.002

,009

.002

.007F

.007F

.014F

1.004

.009

-.004

.005F

.005F

.010F

1.008

.009

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-

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1.010

.009

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.000

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1*

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1'.005

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t..009V

1*

:T.010

.009

.009

.00,1U

.000

.001U

Page 95: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

r

r

01

Table 3 (Coninued)

Item No.

Search

Time

inSeconds

-No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

Usage

x A

0Ilriance

f(u)

',-)Effftiency_-

Variance

-(V eff

)

Total

Vatiance

(litot)

255

256,

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272,

273

274

275

276

277

278.

279

280

281

")282

*

.7.7

' 11.4-

13.7

14.9

6.4

11.7

7.0

18.1

8.0

11.4

11:0

10.6

7.8

12.3

13.2

_7.9

7.6

11.7

9.9

13.6

9.1'

7.9

15.4

9.6

9:3

18.1

12.8

-8.0

1 1 1 1

.1 1*

14

.055

.008

.01br'

:010

.004

.008

.095

.013

'

:006

.008

.005'

.007

.005

%009

.009

.006

.005

. 008

.007

.010

.006

.006

.011

. 007

.007

.016

.009

.006

.009

.005

.009

.007

.009

.009

.009

.009

.009

.004

.009

.007

.009

.004

.009--

.011

.009

:005'

.009

.007

.009

.007

.009

.007

.009

.005

.009

.008

.009

.008

.009

.005

.009

.005

.009

.007

.009

.006

.009

.009

.006

.009

.005

4.009-

,

.009

.009

'

;006

.009

.011.

.009

.008

.009

.005-

.004F

.001F

. 001U

. 001U

.

.005F

.001F

.004F

.004U'

.003F

.001F

:001F

-

.002F

.004Fi

. 000

.000

.003F

.004

. 001F

.002F

. 001U

.

.003F

.003F,

'.002

U.002F-

. 002F

.004U

. 000

.003F

.004F

.002F

. 000

.0o_

.005F

.002F

.005F

.002U

.004F

.002F

.002F

,002F

.004F

:001F

.001F

.004F

.004F

.002F

.003F

,000

,.003F

.004F

.003F

.003F

.002U

.001F

.004F

Successful match

.008F

003F

!.001U

.001U

.OlpF

.003

.009F

:=1;

.003F

.003F

`.004F

.008F

.001F

.001F

.007F

.008F

.gr5F

:001U

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. 0047

,

.005F

.)005F

40Q6U

. 001,F

.007

k

Page 96: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

'No. of'

Entries

Searched

A OA

5 x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

E284

9.8

1*

--, ,007

.009

0306

.002F

.003F

285

8.9

I*

.006

.009

.006

'.003P

:063F

286

8.8

1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

287

8.7.

1*

.006

.009

.,005

.003F

.004F

288

6.6

1*

.005

.009

.004

.004F

289

7.7

1005

--",p09'

.005

---.004F

.004F

290

8.9

1.006

.009

, .006,

.003F

.003F

,291

9.8

1.007

.009

i

.006

.002F

.003F

(

.,,

792

17.1

1*

.012

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

293

6.5

1*

.005

.009

.004

.004F

.005F

294

7.8

1*

.005

.009

.005

.004F

.004F

2g5--

,11.9

1.008

-409

.007

.001F

.002F

--296

9.1

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

298

13.6

1*

,.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

299

6.0

1.004

.009

.004

.005F

.005F

300

7.9

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

301

9.0

1*

,.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003V

302

8.0

,1

.006

.009

°,006

.003F

.004F

304

8.8

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

-003F

305

6.9

1.005

.009

.004

.-004F

.005F

_306

16.7

1'.012

.009

"---..010

.003U

.001U

307

8,7

1.006

.00,9

.005

.003F

.004F

-._

308

.8.7

1.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

309

'

8.7

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

310,

14.9

1.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

311

9,1

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

312

8.8

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

313

7.8

J

J-

.005

.009

.005

..004F'

.004F

*Successful match

:4

Total

Vari!ance

tot

)

.005F

.006F

.006F

.007F

-009F

.008F

.005F(/-

.00

F

//108P

03F

.006F

.001U

1

.010F

.007F

.006F

.007F

.006F

.009F

.004U

.007F

.007F

.007F

.001U

.006F

.006F

.008F

Page 97: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

-

Search

Time in

Seconds

--No. of

Time in

Seconds

AxA-

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Variance

(Vtot

)

g314

13.3

1.06

.009.

.008

,/

,

.000

.001F

.001F

315

13..2

1.009

.009

.008/

.000

.001F

.001F

316

9.4

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

317

16.0

1*

.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

319

14.0

1.010

.009

.009

-001U

.000

.001U

320

11.3

1.008

.009

.0Q7

.001F

.002F

.003F

1321

5.0

1*

.003

.009

.003

.006F

.006F

..012F

322

8.9

1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

323

8.2

1*

.006

-.009

.005

.003F

:004F

.007F

324

9.7

1*

.007

.009

.006.

.002P

.003F

.005F

326

9.21

1*

:006

.009

.006

.003F

403F

.006F

327

11.5

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

328

7.9

1*

.006

'.009

.005

.003F

.06AF

.007F

329

3.7

1*

.003

.609

.002

.006F

.007T

.013F

330

8.4

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004P\

.007F

331

10.5

1*

.007

.009

.007

.002F

.002F\

%005F;

332

10.6

1*

.007

.009

.007

.002F

.002F

s,

.004F

333

5.8

1*

.504 4

x.009

.004

.005F

.005F

.010FA

334

8.6

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007P

335

16.0

1*

.011

.009

.010

'.002U

.00IU

.003U

336

8:9

1*

.006

,.009

.006

.003F

.003F

,.006F

337

7.3

1*

.005

.009

.005

.004F

.004F

.008F

338

10.0

1*

.007

.009

.006

.002E

.003F

.005F

8.7

1.006

.009

.005

6.003F

.004F

.007F

342

7,9

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

%a

.007F

343

7.1

1.005

.009

.004

.004F

.005F

.009F

4.3

1*

.,

.003

.009

.Q03

.006F

.006P

.012F

.344

346

8.7

1.60

.- :009

.0Q5

.003F

.004F

.607F

*SucceSSful_match

Page 98: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds.

No.

Entri

Searche

'Ax A

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance.,

(Vu

)

E347

15.0

1.010

1.009

.009

.001U

348

12.3

1009

5.009\

.008

.000

349

14.0

1010

.009

.009

.001U

R1

18.1

1*

3.

.009

.011

.004U

R2

11.1

1.0

.009

.007

.001F

R3

11.7

1*

.008\

.009

.007

.001F

'

R14

11.5

1..008 *\,

.009

.007

.001F

R5

12.1

1*

.008

,X

.009

.008

.001F

R6

11.5

1*

'.008

.009

.007

.001F

R7

24.8.

2*

.017

\ 009

.016

.008U

R8

10.1

-1*

.007

\09

.006

.002F

18.8

1*

4.013

.0O

:012

.00

R 10

-r:-9- - _

1*

.006

.009

.005

I.003

R 11

15.4

1.011

.009

1010

.002U

R 12

6.8

1.005

.009

.004

.004F

R 13

11.5

1*

.008

.009

\007

.001F

R 14

12.2

1*

.009

.009

-

08

.000

R 15

10.5

1*,

.007

.009

.0

.002F

R 16

12.0

1*

.008

.009

.008V

.001F

R 17

11.6

0 1*

,;.008

.009

.007

.001F

R 18

9:7

1*

.007

.o.o9

.006

.002F

R 19_

9.1

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

R 20

,11:1

lk

.008

.009

.008

.001F

R 21

11.9

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

R 22

9.0

-1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

R 23

'12.5

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

R 24

10.6

1*

'.007

.009

.007'

.002F

,R 25

12.8

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

*Successful match

fic ency

Total

,cria

ce

Variance

(eff

(V tot)

tot

.0 .002U

.002F

.002F

.002F

.001F

.002F

.007U

.003F

.003U

.004F

.001U

.005F

.002F

.001F

A002F

,001F

,.002F

5 .003F

..004F

.001F

.002F

.003F

.001F

.002F

.001F'

'

.001U

.001U

-

. 006U

.003F

.003F

003F

02F 3TV

.01

-11'

.0051.\

.007U '

.007F

\

. 003U

.009 F

.001,F

.004F

.002F

.003F

.005F

.007F

.002F

.003F

.006F

.001F

.004F

.001F

%.0

Page 99: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 -(Con- tinued)

Item No.

Search

No. of

Time in

rEntries

Seconds

,Searched

ER 26

8.7

-1*,

R 27

11.7

*

R 28

10.3

XR 29

.9.2 .

1*''

R 30

10.0

1*

R 31

9,..6

1*

R 32

.3

1*

R 34

/4.b

1*

9.8

1*

R 33

R 35

13.1

1*

R 37

9.6

1*

R 38

9.4

1

R 39

14.5

1*

(2,

R 40

14.6

1*

R 41

1-0.8

1*

R 42

16.5

1*

R 43

12.2

1*

R 44

12.2

1*

R 45

13:0

1*

R, 46

12.0

1*

R 48

117T

1*

R 49

10.8

1*

- --

R 50

11.0

1*

R Si

11.8

1*

R 52

15.1

1*

R 53

13.0

1*

R 54

14.1

1*

'R 55

18.7

-1*

Successful match

A x A

S x S

S,-x A

Usage

Variance

(V u)

Efficiency

-Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(V tot)

tot

.006

.009

\.

.205

03F

.004F

.007F

.008

.009

.007

.0 1F

.002F

.003F

.007

.009

.006

.0

F.003F

.005F

.006

.009

.006

.00 F

.003F

.006F

.007

.009

.0b6

.002

.003F

;005F

.007

.009

.006

.002

.003F

.005P

.007

;009

.006

,.002F

.003F

.005F

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U,

.007

.009

.006

.00217

.003F

.005F

.009

.009

.008

.0(10

.001F

.001F

.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F-

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

-.006F

.C10

.009

.009

-.001U

.000

.001U

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

.008

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

.0102F

.012

.009

.010

.003U

.001U

.0 4U

.009

.039

.008

.000

.001F

0F

.009

,009

.008

.000

.001-F

01.009

A009-

.008

.002F,

.001F

\\:

03F

.008.0

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

02F

.008-'

/-.009

.007

.0Q1F

.4 2F

.003F

--0.08

.009

*---:0-29--

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

.008

-X0-7

.001F

.002F

.003F

.008

.009

.007

.021F

.002F

.003F

.011

.009

.009

.002U

.000

.002U

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

.010

.009

4.009

.001U

.000'

'.001U

.013

.009

.012

.004U

.00lp

.007U

-

Page 100: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Item No.

Search

No..of

Time in

Entr1es

Seconds

Searched

Tabl

ER 56

R 57

R 58

-R 59

R 60

R 61

R 62

R 63

R 64

R 65

R 66

R 67

R 68

R R .7

,R 71

R 72

11,6

14.2

9.9

17.2

-

12.6

-

10.2

6.7

13.8

13.5

19.5

12.4

11.4

10.0

12.8

11.1

9.1

7.0

14.5

1*1* 1*

.0

1*

.0 2

19

1*

607

1*

105

1*

..010

1*

.009

.014

*.009

1.008

1*

.007

1*.

.009

1*

.008

1.006

1*

.005

. 010

. 008

. 007

.008

. 012

. 010

. 010,

.00a

. 007

. 010

. 007

. 00

. 017

.R 74

.8

1*

R 75

9.-Z."-,

1*

R 76

11.2

1*

R 78

17.5

/1*

R 79

15.0

1*

R 80

14.7

1

R 81

11.1

1

R 82

10.3

1*

R 83

14.0

1*

R 84

9.7

1*

Successful match

3 (Continued)

S x S

S x A

Usage

Variance

(Vu)

.009

.007

.00IF

.009

.009

.0m

.009

.006

.002F

.009

.011

:1003U

.009

.008

-.000

.009

.006

.002F

.009 -

-004

.004F

.00g

.009

.001U*

.009

.008

.000

.009

.012

.005U-

.009

.008

.000

.009

2.007

.00IF

.009

.006

.002F

:009

.008

.000

.009

,.008

.001F

.009

.009

.006

.004

.06A.

,004F

.009

.009

.001U

.009

.007

.001F

.009

.006

.002F

.009

.007

.001F

.009

.011

.003U

.009

.009

.001U

.009

.009

.001u

.009

.007

,001F

.009

.006

..002F

.009

.009

.001U

.009

.006

'`,,

.002F

Efficiency

Total

Variance

Variance

(Veff

)(Vtot

)

.002F

.003F

.000

.001U

.003F

.005F

.002U

.005U

.001F

.001F

.003F

.005F

.005F

.009F

.000

.001U

.001F

.001F

.003U

.008U

.001F

.001g

.002F

.003F

.003F

.005F

.001F.

.001F

.001F

.002F

,..003F

t006F

.005F

.009F

.000

.001U

.002F

.003F

.003F

.005F

.002F

.003F

.002U

.005U

.ott

.001u

.000

.001U

.002F

-.003F

.003F

.005F

.001F

.000

.003F

..005F

Page 101: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3'(Continued)

Search

Vo

Time in

No. of

Entries

Searched

A x A

S x

SUsage

S x A

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff)

Total

Variance

(V

)tot

ER 85

14.6,

1.010

----409

'

.009

.001U

.000

R 86

11.3

1*

.008

.009

----_.007

.001F

.002F

R 87

19.8

1*

.014

.009

.012 -__

.005U

.003U

R 88

12.1

1*

.008

.009

.008

,001F

.001F

'

R 89

10.0

1*

.007

.009

.006

.0020

.003F

R 90

13.1,

1*-

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

R 91

9. 40

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003.F,

R 92

8.0

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

R 93

11.0

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

R 94

13.0

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

R 95

13.6

1*

".010

.009

.008 ,

.001U

.001F

R 96

16.3

l's

.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

R 97

8.5

,-

14.

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

R 98

14.4

1*4

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.006'

R 99

18.2

0,/t\

.013

.009

.011

.004U

02U

R100

13.1

.1*

.009-

.009

.008

.000

.00IF

R11.8

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

\.

102

13.1

1*

.009

.0Q9

.008

.000

.001F

R103

12.1

1*

.008

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

R104

12.0

1*

.008

.009

.008

.001F

.001F

R105

8.1

1.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

R106

13.0

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

R107

9.0

1*

.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

R108

11.1

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

R109

14.1

1*

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

R110

7.6

1*

.005

-.009

.005

.004F

.004F

003F

.003F

R111

R112

16.6

.012

.009

.010

.003U

------,_______

011114

*Successful match

.001U

.003F

.008U

.002F

.-005F

.001F

.005F

.007F

.003F

.001F

.000

.o03u

.007F

.001U

.006U

.001F

.003F

.001F

.002F

.002F

.007F

'.001F

.006F

.003F

.001U

.008F

.006F

.004

Page 102: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

Time in

Seconds

ER113

R114

R115

R117

R118

R120

R121

R122

R123

R124

R125

R126

R127

R128

R129

8130

R131

R132

R133

R134

R135

R136

R137

R138

R139

R140

R141

\h-1,42

16.5

15.4

11.9

14.0

12.3

10.9

10.9

11.6

10.0

17.2

15/f\

10.2

19.9

11.2

17.

13.0

10.2

10.9

15.1

18.0

1£00

5.8

11.9

10.9

12.4

16.8

13.0

Successful match

No. of

Entries

Searched

A * A

S x S

;Usage

Variance

(Vu

)

Efficiency

Variance

(Veff

)

Total

Variance

(V tot)

tot

1*

.012

.009

.010

.003U

.00111-

.004U

1*

.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

1*

.008

:009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1*

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.0031'

1*

.00`8

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1*

.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F,

1*

.012

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

1*

.011

.009

.009

.002U

.000

.002U

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

1*

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

1.012,

.009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

1*

.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

(1 1

.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1*

.011

,009

.009

.002U

.000

.002U

1.013

.009

.011

.004U

.002U

.006U

1.0131

.009

.011

.004U

.002U

'.006U

1*

.004

.009

.004

.005F

.005F

.010F

1.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1.008

.0q9

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

1.009

.069

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

1.012

:009

.011

.003U

.002U

.005U

1.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

1*

.010

- .009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

C

I

Page 103: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Table 3 (Continued)

Item No.

Search

- No. of

Time in

Entries

Seconds

Searched

A x A

S x

Usage

S x A

Variance

(Vu)

Efficiency

Variance

f)/

Total

Variance

(V'tot)

E'R142a

15.0

1.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002

.003F

R143

Y6.9

1*

.005

.009

.004

.004F

.005

.009F

R143a

11.0

1.008

.009

.007

.001F

.0021

.003F

R144

14.8

1.013

.009

.012

.0041J

.063U

.007U

R144a

18.6

1*

.010

.009

.009

.001U

.000

.001U

R145

9.0

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

R145a

8.3

1.006

.009

.006

.003F

.003F

.006F

R146

9.8

1.007

.009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

R146a

11.5

1.008

.009

.007

.001F

.002F

.003F

R147

9.8

1*

.006

.009

.005

.003F

.004F

.007F

R147a

8.6

1.007

I- .009

.006

.002F

.003F

.005F

R148

14.0

1.011

.009

.010

.002U

.001U

.003U

R148a

-16.1

1.010

.009

.009

,001U

.000

.001U

R149

12.5

1.009

.009

.008

.000

.001F

.001F

R149a

15.0

1-,

.010

.009

.009

.001U

,1.000

.001U

R150

16.0

1.011

.009

.010

.002U

!-

,.001U

.003U

R150a

15.7

1.010

.009

.010

.001U

.001U

.002U

771

10920.1

784

7.461

6.840

6.766

.621U

.074F

.547U

*Successful match

Page 104: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

4.

Z,

4-1

Ns

ARPENDIX B

4

_

Page 105: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

{.,Request.

Book. etc.

Starch

MIT?

IN

Search ELM'

under

different

spelling?

so

A

FLOUCHART IIPENGLISH LANGUAGE EY TITLE SEARCH

YRecord

location

Record

location

Continue

search for

record

match

y.

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Search

NUC

FLOWCHART II:

NATIONAL UNION CATALOG SEARCH

ts.

sot

Ent

or

o

entry

tch*

record

twitch?

record

location

end

AO

I.

ew

fcrent enq

warra

re

N

to

Continue

search for

ecord mate

Search NUC

under

new_form

record

match?

s entr

a differ

It to..

record

location

Continue

search for

ecord mate

record

match?

cro

es ent

appear ns

-re

cet

See

cross-

reference

record

switch?

re ther

er possib

trie

s -A

*/0

0....

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MM

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Page 107: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

Requests,

books, etc.

FLOWCHART III:

TITLE II FILE SEARCH

-4)

Search

Title -II

File

pull card,

reproduce

4

Page 108: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

ti

cr

APPENDIX_

4

gr

Page 109: Ortiz, Richard J.; Connolef Thomas P. Bibliographic ... · searching. Five bibliographic searchers timed themselves while searching by possible main entries in the National Union

a

102

SEARCH RULES

Objectives: To know

,l. what was searched.2. the time required for/the search.

General Instrftions:

1. Search t me will be t ken fo; the NUC only.

2. Record all tires in th appropriate squares provided on the search

slip.

y 3. Any search at you feel is appropriate and for which asquare has not been provided, should be recorded on the back of

the searc4. When a

check of

slit with an 'explanationoof what was seardhed.fec ,LG'match is fq,u d, mark the appropriate box with a

u record thdAel

5. Any furthe questions shOuld be dii-eCted to Tom Connole or

Richard priftiz.

6. Attach/alli search slips to the item searched. 1/4.

Search Methodology:,

1. Search as you would normally search the/item, but be consistent, .

(e.g.,if you normally search forward trough the monthlies andquarsteriies, always search forward th bugli the monthlies and

alquarterlies).

2. Each entry possibility is considere -aistinct and should beentered on a separate search slip with specific timing fq.r thatpossibility (e.g., xreferences will be considered anotherpossibility and will be timed appropriately).

Timing Methodology:

1. Start the stop watch when opening a specific volume or when

starting, t leaf from one point within a volume to another point

within th sam6.volume.

2. Stop the s op watch when'yseful copy or cross reference is found(do not include time tak4Ito record the location) or when youare convinAthere is no useful copy at that point (do notinclude ti aken to record the failure to locate useful copy).

3. Wear the stop watch where it is most comfortablelNut be as'consistent as possible.

4. Do not include any travel time -- i.e. the time taken in replacingand obtaining volumes from the shelf.

Thank you,

'3.

Tom Connole and Richard Ortiz

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Main Entry Possibility No. of Item (I Item13

LC Year/Vol CALL NO. TITLE II FILE

LC Page

LC Card

Main Entryz

Title

Date

1941

1962

19681969

1970

19711972

1973

Notes:

111

SEARCH Time 1 Time 2

Mb.

Time 3 TOTAL

NUC MIN SEC MIN ISEC MIN SEC

Yrl 1969

all 11.111"...-Yr1 1970 alliiall..."-

Yr1 1971 11%111.I -lagQtly 1971Mtl 1971

Yrly 1972 ...Qtly 1972 /,'

Mtly 1972Qtly'1973Mtly 1973

Searcher

M.

TOTAL:

TITLE ENTRY SEARCH - 1i1

Title:

SEARCH TIME

TITLE II FILE MIN I SEC

TITLE ENTRY SEARCH - #2

Title:

SEARCH TIME

TITLE II FILE MIN SEC

/11////////////W/ ///////i/////////////ELBT

TITLE ENTRY SEARCH 111

Title:

SEARCH TIMEELBT MIN SEC

Cum. 69-70

JeAtl1971_

TITLE ENTRY SEARCH 112

Title:

SEARCHELBT

TIMEMIN SEC

Cum 69-70

Y.e.4X1Y 1921

Type of Main Entry:

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4

II

Perose Library Search Slip

LC Year/Vol

LC Page

LC Card

Main Entry

Title

Date

4,19411962

19681969

1970

19711972

1973

/

A.

CALL NO,

Notes:

Searcher:

4 1

-..... -a

1

104

7, I

,

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APPENDIX D

Yet

41"

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PROCEDURE FOR EW L.C. PROOF

1 eb 71

1. Sort

105

2

I. Discard

A. 1)fotion picilures and film strips: denoted by the wordmdtion picture or the word filmstrip in italics.

B. Cross references: denoted by the word see between twoentries pr X in the lower right-hand corner.,

C. BF, Q, R, S, T, U, V call numbers in all languages ei.i:tzp-t

English, French, and German.D. Cards for all titles not friyoman alphabet and cards for

all titles in Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, Yugosla-vian, etc.) and Eastern languages4Turkish, Indonesian)and Rumanian language and Scandinaqan languages (Nor-wegian, ,Swedish, Finnish, Dutch (the Netherlands)).

1. Thee languages can be recognized by the place ofpublication or the L.C. designation. When making a

decision let the language of the title have priorityin decision making. The place of publication of L.C.designation may not coincide with the language of thetitle in 'Some cases and should be used only as an aidwhen in doubt.

II. Keep

A. In other words keep only English, French, German, Spanish,Portuguese, Italian and Latin language titled cards.Also, Q, R, S, T, and BF call numbers in English,French and German., All other titles in all other

languages can be discarded.

Remaining cards are separated according to the following:

A. Government Documents: those cards authoredby the U.S.,United Nations and Colorado..1. In addition, U.S. cards must have been published by

the U.S. Government Printing Office,2. -Note: Follow the above' rules for sorting governme4

docuMents, i.e. discard cross refs. Also separategovernment doCument information cards.

B. Music1. Phonodiscs and records: denoted by phonodisc or

. record in italicS.

2. M call numbers:Example: M801.B4 not MN, ML, etc.

C. Information cards .

D. Phonotapes: denoted by phonotapes in italicsE. "Our proof" (As in II. above).

IV. Next

A. Send phonotapes to audiovisual, government documents andmusic to their libraries. J

B. First letter information cards and leave ineoan accessibleplace.

ty

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)106

C. Tickometerize the other cards as follows:1. Proof:sheets to be dated: our proof, music, gov. docs.2. Proof, sheets to be green stamped: our proof, gov. docs.

3. Proof sheets to be-speed striped: our proof, music,gov. idocs.

PROCEDURE FOR PRPARING MASTER FILES AND REFILES

I

1. Remove (peeli off labels and liquid paper typing) any locationnotes and/or library designation (CoU),appearing below the callnumber. ,

2. Check frontiof. cards for Microforms, designated by the wordMicroform in the call number position, and theses, designated by /initial call line of T1953date. Check verso for recats andtransfers, designated by abbreviation r or tr before the catalogee's initials; cancel with a vertical line any uncancelled

.m. request lines; and line through any uncancelled B's (abbreviationfor bindery) Microforms, theses, recats and transfers are to bereturned to ,Roz.

r

4

L

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PROCEDURE FOR NEW L.C. PROOF

28 Jan 72

Sorting

I: Keep

107

A. All English, French, and Germ'an language titled cards.

B. Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Latin language titledcards for all call numbers except BF, Q, R, S, T, U., and V.

C. Government DocumentsAhose cards authored by the U.S.,United Nations, or Colorado.

1. In addition U.S. cards must have been published by theU.S. 'Government Printing Office in order to be sent to

Gov.- Doc.'s. Those cards not published by thelI.S. Gov.

Print. Office are kept but are filed in the proof/master

file.

2. Discard X-references for documents. Separate govern-.

, ment document informition cards and file with the other

information ca/s.D. Music

I. phonodiscs, phonotap s, and records: denoted by the

word phonodisc, ho ta e, or record in italics or by

an M or R in the lo er right-hand corner of card.

M call numbers:Example: M80.1.B4, not MN, ML, etc.

E. Information cards

II. DiscardA. Mtion ictures, film Strips, and microfilm: denoted by the

woad motion picture, filmstrip, or microfilm in italics or

by an F in the lower right-hand :corner of the card,

B. Ca ds for all titles not in Roman alphabet, Slavic).Angu-ag s (Russian, Polish, Yugoslavian, etc.), Eastern lanp.1-

ag s (Turkish, Indonesian), African languages. Romanian

language, and Scandinavian languages (Norwegian, Swedish,Fin ish, Danish and Dutch (the Netherlands).1. These languages can be 'recognized by the place of

publication or the L.C. designation. When making a

decision let the language of the title have priority

in decision making. The place of publication or L.C.designation may not coincide with the language of thetitle in some cases and should be used only as an aid

when in doubt.

III. Next

A. Tickometerize the remainin "keep" cards as follows:

1. Proof sheets to be dated: our proof, music, gov. docs.

2. Proof sheets to b6-green stamped: our proof, gov. docs.

3. Proof sheets to be speed striped with current color:our proof, music, gov. docs.

B. Put Music (i.e., phonodiscs, phonotapes, records, M call

numbers) and Gov Doc. cards in appropriate boxes. (Cards

are sent. once a week to the libraries).

C. First letter information cards and file in the boxes on

shelves behind LAIII's desk.

4-14

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108

D. First letter and pre-file our proof, keeping each letterrubber-banded together separately.

PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING MASTER FILES AND REFILES

1. Remove (p el off labels and liquid paper typing) any locationnotes andlor library designation (COD) appearing be147 the callnumber.

2. Count master files and refiles separately and record numbers inblue ring'binder.

3. Combine refiles and masterfiles and prefile and distrib te.

tp

')t 4

Cto

4

' /

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;

\I

i

t.

APPENDIX E

c

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tiY

'1

FILING RULES FOR .

TITLE ARRANGEMENT

OF

PROOF/MASTER FILE

University of Colorado

Norlin Library

Technical Services.Aision

April 1972

tz)

4

109

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F

110

FILING RULES FOR TITLE ARRANGEMENT' OF PROOF SHEETS

I. Basic rule

A. Arrange all entries by title, both English and foreign Lan-'

guage, alphabetically according to the order of the Englishalphabet. All Aph-Roman alphabets are to be arranged by theromanized form. Card in the Cyrillic alphabet usually havethe title transi.iterated in the lowerright hand corner.

B. Arrange word by word,-4phabeting letter by letter withinthe word. Apply the principle of "nothing before something,"considering the Space between words as "nothing."

EXAMPLE: 1 .

New Amsterdam NOT New AmsterdamVew England NewarkNew wives for,old New EnglandNewark 'NewmanNewman New wives for old

C. Disregard the modification of all letters, including theumlaut. Arrange a, a, A, 6, I, 6, yr, U, as a, e, i, o, u;

9, 6, 6, /, 5, a, i, as c, 1, n, s, z.

i-delandic and Anglo-Saxon:.-D QS File as d

)0 (Thdrn) File as th

D. Arrangement of identical titles:. Arrange all titles, whether title main entry or not, in the

following order:1. Title,

2. Main entr5, (skip this step if title is a title m.e.)3. Date of publication (reverse chronological order)4. Place of publication (alphabetically, i.e., London

'precedes New York)5. .Publisher (alphabetically-Le:1 Macmillan precedes

Scarecrow)

E: Disregard any printed filing titles that may appear on proofsheets.

II. Signs and symbols

A. Signs at the beginning of a title, such as ..., orto be aiSregarded, the title being arranged by the word thatfollows the signs.

B. Ampersand and other symbolsAlphabet the character "&" as "and", "et", "und", etc. ac-cording to the language used. c/o as "in care of ", fir/ as

"with% w/o as "without," @ as "at".

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111

III. Initials

A. Arrange an initial before a word beginning with the samefirst letter.

B. Arrange initials standing for names of organizations,broadcasting stations, etc., whether punctuated or not,as initials and not as abbreviations, i.e., not as ifspelled out in full.

C. Note that initials are often written without periods, andsometimes in lower case or a.'combination of caps and lowercase,,rather than all caps.

D. Acronyms

1: File as a word when written with a combination of capsand lower case: Agard, Algol, Cobol, Snobol, Fortran,

Nato.

2. File as initials when written in all caps, whetherthere'are spaces and/or periods between the letters orriot: NATO, U.N.E.S.C.O., S E A T 0, SAC.

IV. Abbreviations

A. Arrange abbreviations as if spelled in full; e.g., Dr., Mr.,Mrs., Mlle.i S., Ste., etc., as Doctor, (or in German,Doktor), Mister, Mistress, Mademoiselle, San or,Sanctus,Saint, Sainte, etc. Also Ha (Greek 'A) as Hagios. This

includes initials and other abbreviations used for geographi-cal names; e.g., N.Y., as New York, Gt. Brit. as GreatBritain.

B. Disregard the abbreviations k., R. etc. (standingfor Kaiserlich, K6niglich, Imperiale,Aeale, etc.) at thebeginning of names of foreign learned-academies, societies,etc., and arrange by the word following the abbreviations.The words far which these abbreviations stand are notfamiliarly known or'sPoken aS'palrof the name. 'In thenames of English societies, Imperil and mal are not Lobe disregarded:,

V. Elisions

Arrange elisions as they,are printed and not as if spelled infull. Treat as one word the contraction of two words resultingfrom an elision. Example: can't, don't. Exception: Foreign

articles and prepositions with a final vowel elided are to betreated as separate words and not as contractions.

EXAMPLE: . Bibliotheque eanthropologieBiblioth que d'histoire

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C

Bihliotheque de la revolutionC'e4Cak'n EriCapo d'annoDe l'intelligenceDe la visaa internacionalFlower o' the lilyFlower of destinyWho is who in literatureWho'd be kingWhom thegcids destroyWho's whoWhose home is the wilderness

VI. Initial article

1

112

A. In alphabeting titles, disregard an initial article regard-less of case in all languages. (See Appendix A - Articles

to be disregarded).

B. In case the form of the indefinite article is the same asthat of the numeral "one" (e.g. ' theFtench-"un" or "une")'care must be taken to distinguish ,the use, because-the---_numeral is to be regarded in

VII. Punctuation marks. Possessive case, etc.

In alphabeting titles, ignore comma, colons, and semicolons.File until you come to a period or a question mark, unless thetitle contains an author statement.

n,

EXAMPLE: Arctic adventure, by Henry Wilson. In this case;'Istop

after the title; that is, after adventute. 'This holds true forall languages. Even if you are unsure of which words mean la(par, por, von, de), you can tell by the form: title, comma,short word, author's name.

VIII. Numerals

A. Numbers at the beginning of titles will file before ini-tials, at the beginning of the alphabet. Ignore trans-literations of numbers.

EXAMPLE: 4 [i.e. Quattro] Movimenti per un 'significato.

file'as: 4 Movimenti per un s :nific

B. Spelled numbers should be filed alp seetically:Fo th annual report'enry the sixth.

C. Interfile cardinal and or nal numbers.

D. Rates will be ,regarde as numerals and will be filed intheir numerical se once with other numerals.

4

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113

E. Numerals will be filed chronologicaTly before alphacharacters in the same posItion.

EXAMPLE: Contratto collettivo nazionale di lavoro 10 giugnoA1952.ft t 11 novem 1965.

" 13 luglio 1967." 25 luglio 1966." manuale.

OMPRERENSIVE EXAMPLE: 4 Movimenti.

5t* European Conference.14-18: the educationDie 95 [Fiinfundneunzig] Thesen.

300 yearsThe 1971 encyclopedia2,000 years of art.

IX. Words spelled in two ways.

When pale headings begin with a word that may be spelled in twoways, arrange according to the spelling that is 4iven. Do not

inter-file titles which have different spellings.

X. Hyphened and compound words

A. Arrange Hyphened words as separate words if the two parts

can stand alone.

B. Arrange as one word, CompoUnd words that are printed as of

C. Arrange as one word, words with a hyphened prefix such asanti-, co, electro-, ex-, inter-, mid-, non-, pan-, post-,pre-, pro-, re-, .trans-, tri-, etc. These prefixes cannot

stand alone as words.

EXAMPLE: folk lore (file as 2 words)

folk-lore (file as 2 words)

folklore (file as 1 word)

XI. Names

A. Names compounded of two words

Arrange names consisting of two or more words, with or with-

out a hyphen as separate words. ThiS includes names begin-

ning with New, Old, East, North, Saint, San, Santa, etc.

B. Names with a prefix

1. Arrange a name with a prefix as one word. This includes

names in which an article or a preposition is written aspart of the name and is not transposed; such names asApThomas, D'Arcy, Des Barres, Du Challu, Fitz Allen,(Fitz is regarded as a prefix), Le Sage, L'Estrange,

(

MacFingal, O'Neal, Van Allen, Gum Felde, Zur Briicke,ZuTavern,ps-Er6s (Hungarian), etc.

....,.%A.,...?

.

\

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114

2. Names beginning with d prefix M' and Mc are filed as if, s lled Mac, because they.are-so pronounced.

C.' Orien al names

vcr.At

1. Mohammedan (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) and Hebrew names.Disregard the initial article al"- or el- (or the assimi-lated forms ad-, as-, az-) prefixed to Arabic, etc.,names (e.g., a1-Ghazzali) and the article ha- or he-prefixed to Hebrew names. But when the article comesbetween the parts of a name (e.g., 'Abd al Latif) it isto be regarded.

12. Chinese names.ANib Arrange Chinese names by the first part (family name)

'whether it is separated by g comma or not. But an oldChinese name that consists of only two hyphened sylla-bles (e.g., Lao-Tzu, "the Old One") is to be filed as atwo-word phrase.

D. Names spel'l'ed differently

Arrange separately names that differ it spelling howeverslightly.

Xli. General arrangement under title.

A. At the.beginning of a title the author%s name; even in thepossesSive Labe, should be regarded.

EXAMPLE: Byron adaptations.Byron's Childe Harolds pilgrimage.Byron's genius.Byron's poetical works.

B. Editions: Arrange editions of identically worded titles bydate, in reverse chronological order, i.e., latest date. '

first.

C. Translations: Arrange each translation" alphabetically by

its own title.

XIII. Sections which are exceptions to normal filing rules

A. Proceedings.

All titles beginning with the word "Proceedings" and havingan author entry will be sub-arranged alphabetically by theauthor entry. Title main entries beginning with the word"Proceedings" are arranged alphabetically word-by-word in asection following the author/title cards.

A

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115

B. Works, Poems, Letters, etc. ...

Several sections of the file will not be arranged word forword. Any title In these sections which has the fo(Poems) of (author's name). will be filed as if tyre werea period preceding the word "of". These titles will beinter-filed with titles taking the form Poems.

EXAMPLE: Poems of William Wordsworth.and'

Poems. [author on card is Wordsworth]Inter-file these two titles as if each saidPoems.

Sections arranged in this manner include: Comillete...

(works, poemS, 'etc.), Letters, Oeuvres, Oeuvres completes,Poems, Poetical works, Report, Werke, and Works.

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I 116

APPENDIX A

(Modification of American Library Association,.A1A rules for filing catalog cards, 2nd ed.,

)

Chicago, 1968, pp. 233-236)

INITIAL ARTICLES TO BE DISREGARDED IN FILING

The following table lists delnite and indefinite articles in

various languages (all genders and both numbers) which should be dis-regarded. Under each language they are listed in the following order:Singular--masculine, feminine, neuter; Plural- -same; an elided formfollows its corresponding word or group of words; each article islisted only once under each language. The words tile-parentheses are

variant or dialect forms. An alphabetical index to all articles in

the table follows the table.*Before an indefinite article indicat /s that the same form is

also used for the cardina umeral "one,' therefore care must be

taken to distinguish the ng.

Language

ArabicBohemian, see CzechBulganianCroatian, see Serbo-

CroatianCzech (Bohemian)Danish

DutchEnglishEstonianFinnishFrench

GerbanGreek, Classical

(Romanized)

Greek, Modern(Romanized)

Hebrew(Romanized)

HungarianIdelandic (Modern)

Italian

LatinLatvian, see LettishLettish

Difinite article

41-;\ el-

No articlesDeny, Det, De(Di)

De, Het, 't, 'sTheNo articlesNo articlesLe, La, L', LesDer, Die, Das'Ho, HE, TO, Hoi, Hai,Ta, To

Ho, He, To, Hoi, Hai,Ta,

Ha-(Ho-),He-

0 Indefinite article

none

none

*En, *Et

*ten, Eene, 'nA, !.n

*Un, *Une*Ein, *Eine,1

none

*Henas(Heis), *Mia

*Hena(Hen)none

A, Az *Egy

Hinn, Hin, Hio, Hinir, none

HanarIl,ta, Lo, I, Gli, G1', *Un, *Uno, *Una,

Le, L' *Un'

No articles

No articles

1. The numerals "Ein" and "tine" are sometiKes spaced (E i n;

E i n e) to distinguish them from the indefinite article.

A., 0 010

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Language

LithuanianNorwegian (Riksmal)Norwegian (Nynorsk)

orerly calledandsmal)

PolishPortugueseRumanianRussianSerbo-CroatianSlovakSlovenianSpanishSwedishTurkish (New)

Uk!rainian

WelshYiddish

(Romanized)

Definite article/

No articlesDen, Det, DeDen, Det, Dei

No articles0, A,2 Os, As2

No articlesNo articlesNo articlesNo articlesEl, La, Lo, Los, LasDen, Det, DenoneNo articlesY, Yr noneDer, Di, Die, Dos(Das) A, An, *Eyn, *Eyne

117

Indefinite article

*En, *Et*Ein, *Ei, *Eit

*Um, *Uma*Un, *Una, *0

*Un, *Una*En, *Ett*Bir

2. The words "a" and "as" with accents in Portuguese are not

articles and must be regarded in filing.

At,

6

I

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118

ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO ARTICLES IN ABOVE TABLE

*Before an indefinite article indicates that the same form is alsoused for the cardinal numeral "one", therefore'care must be taken

to distinguish the meaning.

A

al-

An

As

Az

BirDas

De

Dei

Den

Der

DetDi

Die

Dos

*Een, Eene*Egy

*Ei

*Ein

*Eine

*Eit

El

e l-

*En

*Et

*Ett*Eyn, *EyneG1', GlihaHAi,He

he-*Heis*Hen, *Hena, *HenasHet

Hin, Hiner, Hinir, HinnHo

ho-Ho i

Il

L'

La

EnglAsh, Hungarian, Portuguese,Yiddish

Arabice4

----English, YiddishPortugueseHungarian '

TurkishGerman, dish

Danish, Zutch, Norwegian(Riksmal),Swedish

Norwegian(Nynorsk)Danish, Norwegian, SwedishGerman, YiddishDanish, Norwegian, SwedishDanish, YiddishGerman, YiddishYiddiqhDutchHungarianNorwegian(Nynoxsk)German, Nprwlian(Nynorsk)GermanNorwegian(Nynorsk)Spanish -

ArabicDanish, Norwegian(Riksmal), SwedishDanish, Norwegian(Riksmal)SwedishYiddishItalianHebrewGreekGreekHebrewGreer, ModernGreek, ModernDutchIcelandicIcelandic.GreekHebrewGreekItalianFrenchFrench, Italian, Spanish

n.

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119

Las Spanish

Le French, Italian

Les French

Lo Italian, Spanish

Los Spanish

*Mia Greek, Modern1 n Dutch

0 Portuguese, *Rumanian

Os Portuguese

Is Dutcti

It Dutch

Ta Greek

The English

To Greek

To Greek, Classical

*Um, *Uma Portuguese

*Un A French, Italian, Rumanian, Spanish

*Un' Italian

*Una Italian, Runamian, Spanish

*Une French

*Uno Italian

Y,, Yr Welsh

No articles: Czech (Bohemian), Estonian, Finnish, Latin,Lettish, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-

Croatian, Slovak, Slovenian, Ukrainian.

*ft

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..'",

APPENDIX F

N

This document was processed for the ERIC Document Reproduction Service

by the ERIC Clearirighouse at Stanford. We are aware that some pages probably

will not be readable in miCrofiche or in Hardcopy form. However, this is the best

available copy, and we feel that the document should not be withheld from

interested readers on the basis of these unreadable pages &on

.......4 i....0

v' f

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Introduction

raditionally. . and for 'reasons good and %Wherein inthemselves. published bibliographies. cataloiis. and otherrecords pertaining to books are usually arralig%d by theestablished author entry, most commonly b_y_ the surnameof a person.

the author-entry system has not been without short-comings. howeser. Author entry has meant. for mint*,that the entire bibliographic record is inaccessible if anauthor's name is lacking. incomplete. or incorrect. evenif the title is correct. If there Is a y doubt about theauthor:s name. or if the or is atm used to a corporateauthor of uncertain identity. consi rabic searching is

required to locate, the entry in ucsti

In technical processing activi cs, t ese drawbacks tothe author-entry system have m©i t at skilled personnelfamiliar with the possible problems has been required forsuch activities as searching. It has also meant that duph-cation,ot purchases. inaccurate reports of holdings. andother unhappy consi.quences have sometime., resulted fromf2nlure by even experienced librarians to look in just the

/right place in catalogs or files.Today, however, this traditional approach is recognized

as not necessarily the only system, and many libraries.book dealers, and others maintain certain records in titlerather.than author sequence,

Access by, title is possible. of `course. in- most publiccatalogs of an individual library's holdings. and in certainpublished bibliographies. such as Curnulattse Book IthleAand Books in Print. Valuable as they. arc, however. theseand other records which permit access by title all haveindividual gaps in coverage tysith respect to place or dateof publication. type of publisher. etc.) which limit theirusefulness.

These volumes of 1..ntiltsh Language Books by Dile:Catalog o/ Library of Congress Panted Coeds representthe beginning of a sustained effort b(aproside bibliogiaphiccontrol by title on a halts which is both broader in geo-graphic scope wand more comprehensive with respect totypes of material covered than any cvisting, publishedrecord. ( the present volumes will be followed by quarterlyand annual supplements.)

I , I 1%11 I 1\fol Af.I ON II NI F. ()NI y ( It1111(1.1.2,N

nghsh 1.artenuce Books by tale is !lased on I ihc.ii%

of Congress pinned cards. although I ( is not. of comse.connei.IFLI stn,' the publication in any capacity Spcohi..111,

the material tn'this 11)69-197t) cumulation is taken limnt, complete sets of depository eards.41isiiiliiited M 1111

of ( ongiess during 196970 ( aids school lot n1%111.1011

in the elimulation pertain to maiorials lietioc,1 to he tonepleiely of print walls in the I tilish !mimic% the jilasc oforigin of these motet ials is nut .1 Litho m sv h s non hi,inclusion. wok. rn ) netts,' ale included nt I / It/less of (tic y,(

%mutat ly tt 1111,10/14 I IS 1101 LItIltItit it d m st ht Ilanof items tot I I ( VI( WI of 1,11141(..111011 Ilk II a.those 1%%110.1 11% gil\ uui,iieul ii ai n%1%,. sosiation.. situ

4

120

agentaes, etc are omitted from Many other bibliogy phictOols, but are included in LLI1r:.'

Loa includes. entries for 'publications in microform.in addition to entries for boa's. maps and periodicals Itdoes run include cards for music scores and phonorecordsor motion pictures and filniqiips (Separate volurnexover-ing films and iiminged hr ?ale are published as part of theiVatrurtal Union Catalogri"

lhe full text of the Library of Congress card is ie-produced in 1.LlJT. This means that when an LC entryfor a book is found, a catalog card can be prepared mime&ute4 hit/lour reft.rtnce to MIL other sourer. Furthermore,the reduction ratio used is the same as that used in LC'son printed catalogs. and the.Polaroid camera and othersimilar cataloging devices used with LC catalogs are entirelycompatible with entries in ELBT.

In summary. 1 his publication of 1969-1970 catalogingin talc sequence provides an alternative means of accessto more than 160.00(1 English language titles. Included arethe following types of material. Many of which ,arc notlisted in any other source by title:

a) Books and monographs of commercial publishersh) lsublications of university presses

c) Publications of institutes. research units, and otherbodies connected with universities

d) Local, state. federal. and foreign gosernmentpublications

el Reprinted monographs and other materials

f) Pamphlets

g), Reports and other materials issued bs bothcommercial and nonprofit research centers andby 'professional emiterences. ineeting,s, and symposia

h) atlases and gateteers

11

))

k)

Microform%

Association and society ptiblications()Mei published materials in 1 nglish Latalogedby the 1 do a: y of ( r, edi,11. v, ot pirh/n/ietur t moil, 17. (// ortt:to .

loss 1 \ I Ions Ant Atm tat.

Alphabetical oivlet has. in encial. been based tm theI shut: Rii/i 4. tot du /hi tion,ity ( at,,/,,,, .1*.t th, I s! .ran

of l on.1/41, t1')Ch) Ilse billowing ale sonie tit the kLypiav(kes followed

.1)

hl

.Staitt %% 0.11 .1(1 00,3111.11 1'.l'I Ot the 41% el

title Ale 1,11.0..1 11i30.4)1riC1.111011 III .1,1,111gt IlleVIi\\ II" ''I';11 sIIII''' t :.''11III"Il' III' \ 'II' 'II "II"by the ainhoi .11 01_14 re L t I his is espeo illyapplitatil% lot wit.10.101 )011.11,011 titli. sinh asr, t. ", 1 ,,,,,,, ,,,,,r-V.., ,, dm, , 11 ,14, 0, '1.4

t. I I .1111011, . lilt 'lilt,, \\ k11. Ilt: 14 t it 1 mu , .1 It% ,I tie

14 1,11144 11111 Oh II li ht. t. t. II \ I 1,1.1% . of

phIllit, mom .thI ishIslolici

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d)

et

I siles btginiting with initials ale laced at thebeginning of the letter ol 'the alphabet iepressniedhs the hrst imtt.d ot the title.%arum ot entry %studs hale usually been'mei elated by cross ielerences

Huss Intl A( ( I 55 HI I I'S kRIANSAND Rt St SRC Ill RS

In a sr' es 01 tne needs at potential users. librarianssaid that LLB! yid!:

.I) Use added flesibility to search and researchactivities which unitl now hate been handicappedby the almost esclusise use of author names as thebasis for organizing catalogs. indexes. bibliographies.etc.

h) Simplify searching and permit use of subprofessionalsfor this function.

c) Make possible the immediate preparation of catalogcards by the Polaroid process or, s:Iar methods.

121

once the 'lir% is found. since limit pi intet LC cardsare.usol compiling 1111/. I comp' e textof I ( cards is reproduced. using t same reductionlaw as is used for I C printed catalog .

d) Prot ide .1 means of handling the fiequent inquiriesconcerning hooks who;e authors are not k own.(five an alternate point of entry when the itle isdealt% established huLthe author is uncertz4n. or iscited incorrectly.

I) Help eliminats confusion when main entryinhumation in inter - library loan requests does notcorrespond with main entry established by thelending library.

Lnable the determination of LC card order numhcrwhen author entry is in doubt.

I he editors believe these expectations will he fully met.I tics will appreciate learning of other situations in whichthis comprehensive title catalog is useful, as well as receiv-ing any suggestions as to how it can be made esen mores aluable.

c)

g)

zi2

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rr

APPENDIX G

kis

-J

2

*

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f

East African Academy.Human adaptation in tropieal Africa; papers presented

at a planmy session On the theme "NInn in his Ea-t Africanenvipmment" at the fourth ,..ymposium of the East AfricanAcademy, Kampala, September 1900, Edited by R. J.Olembo. 'Nairobi, East African Pub. House flOGR)

153 p. 111mi. 22 cm. 15.00

Includes bibliographies.

1 '.latbruiw nphl .111 1:its1. 1. 11.1111)0, 11. .1.. ed.II. Title.

GF721.E2E2

Library of Conarea. 71 121

72-980955

4

Human adaptation in tropical Africa; Impels presented atplenary session on the theme "man in his East African en-vironment- at the fourth symposium of the East AfricanAcademy, Kampala, September 196(1. Edited by R. J.Olembo. 1Nairobi, East African Pub. House 1190R1

153 r cm.

Includes IdhliottaphIcal references.

)I. Africa. En.tCont reases.

Aft loin Acadony.

D1121.1184 .

Library of Congre.x 70 12)

o

t. Olembo, It. 1:,.t

70-1:1-17gMARC

122

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Lang, David MarshallA guide to Eastern literatures: edited by Davidktr.. I, :tng1

New York. Praeger (19711

x. 500 p. 24 cm. '$15.00

ineindes bibliographies.

1. Oriental literature. 2. Oriental literatureBloblbllogra hy.

PJ307.L.'3 197th 809.8'95 '79-154114rev MARC

Library of Conszre,4 71 1r721t31

f.

A Guide to Eastern literatures. Edited by David M. Lang.New York, Praeger (19711

:in p: rut. s15.00

111,1116N niniwgraphit.4.

1. Oriental Mena:tic. 2. Oriecntal Ilternture--Blobibliography.1. Lam:. 1)avid

P1,1307.08 80.8'95 --- 79457114MARC

Library of Congre44 71 171

4

a

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7.

Johnston, Ronald Carlyle, comp.Two 91(1 French Gaucam romances. Part 1. Le chevalier

and 14n. mule haus frein, edited Nvith introduction,notes and glos:,ary by R. e. Johnston and D.D. R. Owen.Part 11. Parallel readings with Sir Gawain and the GreenKnight, by D. I). R. Owen.. Edinburgh, Scottish Academic

4%Press; London, Distributed by Chatto and Windus1972.208 p. 23 tin. £3.00 II 73103343

Old French test; English introductions, notes and commentary.Bibliography : p. 28-29.L French poetry Old French. 2. GawalnRomances. I. Owen,-

Douglas David Roy. joint comp. II. Le chevalier a .1Tptte. 1972.II!. Palms de Maisieres, 13th cent. La mule sanz frain. 1972. IV.Title.

PQ1314.J6 841'1ISBN 0-7011-1871-7

Library of emigres: 73 1:11

I

73-160992MARC

Two Old French d'auvain romances: part I, Le chevalier itl'Epite and La mule sans frein. Edited with introd.. notesand glossary by R. C. Johnston 'Intl D. D. -1.{. Owen. PartII, Pantile] readings with Sir Gawain and the GreenKnight, by D. D. R. Owen, New York, Barnes & Noble(1973,c19721

Nit. 203 p. 23 cm.\

Iiihifogra by : p. 28-29.

1. Le chevalier it 1'Ep6e. 2. I'aiens de Maisiires, 13th cent. Lanude cant frain. I. Johnston, Itonald Carlyle, 1907- ed.II. O en. Douglas David It. y. ed. 111. Le lawalior it l'Epice. 1973.IV. Palen:: de 1iaisi4es. 13th cent. La mule snnz fraiy. 1973.

19,1411.C6 1973

Library of Cougless

841'.1'030351 73-161:6)MAItC

73 1.13

O

124