ortop nxt robotics techniques workshop 2009 “opening doors to the worlds of science and technology...
TRANSCRIPT
ORTOP
NXT Robotics Techniques Workshop 2009
“Opening doors to the worlds of science and technology for
Oregon’s youth”
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Goals Audience: Rookie coaches/mentors,
experienced coaches & mentors Provide material that is immediately usable
with your team Gain experience with 3 motor robot &
missions More experience programming Mindstorms
NXT You should have already attended NXT
workshops I & II and/or coached a team in a 2008 tournament
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Instructor Contacts
Ken Cone [email protected] 503-415-1465
Dale Jordan [email protected]
Leroy Nuckles [email protected] 503-264-2088
Jim Ryan [email protected]
om 971-215-6087
Roger Swanson [email protected]
om 503-297-1824
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ORTOP Project Administrator
Cathy [email protected]
503-725-2920(after August 1, 2009)
FLL Operational Partner for Oregon
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Agenda Introductions (5 min) Slide Review (20 min) Review mission video(s) NXT Techniques lab exercises (90 min)
Distance sensor Loops, Variables, My Blocks Mission exercise
Review & questions
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Our Mission FLL is not just about building robots and
competing in tournaments Develop team member skills
technical team building research & presentation
Technical problem solving can be fun The youngsters do the work Introduce possibility of a technical career
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CanDo Challenge Simple project, but good learning tool What did you learn?
Unexpected things happen – cans get caught under the wheel, it goes the “wrong” direction
Take it in smaller steps – “Let’s see what happens before it hits a can”
Mechanical problems may do you in Clarify the “rules” – know the requirements Experiment – “Just go try it. We can rework it.” Keep it simple
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Engineering Design Process
Redesign
Communicate
Test and Evaluate
Create a Prototype
Choose the Best Solution
Develop Possible Solutions
Define theProblem
Research the
Problem
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Building Strong Structures
Note how NXT parts are all pinned together using Technic parts
Here are three cross bracing examples Ref: Minnesota HighTekKids.org “Robot
Building” http://www.hightechkids.org/coach-library
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Gears Gears
Spur Gear (show example) instructor holds beam class person turns axles and feels torque on other axle tactile feedback = learning about gears and torque
Gear Ratio and Speed turn the large gear one complete turn How may revolutions does the small gear turn? Is gear ratio the same as the ratio of gear teeth?
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Gears Gears & Pulleys
Worm Gears (show example) one way transfer of power
Crown & Bevel Gears turn 90 degrees
Spur Gears change direction & change torque
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MotorsOne Move block in the program controls both motors
The robot moves straight - motors will adjust speed as the robot moves
Try programming tests for straight and curved movements, adjusting the turn slider for each test
What happens at the extreme ends of the turn slider? There are Move blocks and Motor blocks – Motor
blocks allow ramp up and ramp down of speed(speed vs. time)
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Base Robot Chassis
3 motor base Level, square Screen location Attachments Nxtprograms.com
TriBot design, built in Educational Kit Class comments on various designs
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Program Memory
Firmware & programs stored in flash (like photos on a digital camera)
Maximum available memory is ~125KB Firmware refresh and all files deleted
Each program is ~0.1KB overhead E.g. Move block ~5.1KB, two ~5.8KB E.g. Move + Wait for light sensor ~7.7KB Use My Blocks for subroutines for better memory usage Click NXT Window then Memory to view memory usage
Instructor show this command Refer to NXTmemory.doc for more details
Instructor, show this file
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Writing Efficient NXT-G Programs Maximize free space by deleting default files
that are downloaded with firmware Maximize code reuse
Use only Move or only Motor blocks Loops and My Blocks Combine multiple programs – can combine 2
programs into 1 and select which of the two sequences to run programmatically (using a touch sensor, for example)
Minimize Sound and Display blocks Use Mini-Blocks
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NXT SoftwareV1.1, 2.0
New version V1.1 released summer/fall 2007 2008 kits will have v1.1 2007 kits may or may not. Check and see
As of Jan 2009, kits shipped with 2.0, $80 single license
Main advantage is performance enhancements Downloading to NXT is faster Size of blocks on the NXT is smaller
Mini-Blocks can be downloaded:mindstorms.lego.com/support/updates
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Lab Exercises Lab Sections
Lab 1 - The Distance Sensor Lab 2 – Loops, Variables & My Blocks
This exercise shows 2 different techniques to program the robot to go in a square
Introduces different programming techniques
Shows memory usage of different techniques Mission programming using 3 motor
design
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Lab Exercises Show video: examples of robots with
fixtures for each mission Introduce yourself to other team members Begin with Lab1&2 exercises Add attachments to 3 motor base to run
1-2 missions 90 min to complete the labs Ask questions, chances are someone else
has the same question Have fun!
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Lab Conclusions LAB Conclusions
Each team briefly explain a section of what you learned in this workshop
What advice would you have for a team starting out with NXT?
Teaching for understanding “creates challenging situations in which students test their knowledge by solving problems, building products, and giving performances or writing reports that synthesize thorough analysis of a topic, a concept, or an idea.” *
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Next Steps Register your team with FLL Share with your team
NXT Robotics Techniques slides NXT Techniques labs Mindstorms NXT tutorial (show tutorial) Build and test 2-3 robot designs, then have
your team select a hybrid of best features Challenge the kids!
Make up your own exercises – stress basics & reliability
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Resources Tutorial, Dale Yocum
Download from http://cgsinfo.catlin.edu/msrobotics/html/downloads.html
takes time, go through in sections NXT Tutorial is also available online:
http://www.ortop.org/NXT_Tutorial/ Requires Adobe Macromedia Shockwave
Player and high speed download connection
Inscite www.hightechkids.org www.nxtprograms.com
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Parting Thoughts From “All I Really Need to Know (About Creative Thinking) I
Learned (By Studying How Children Learn) in Kindergarten* Tips from 12 year olds on being creative:
Start simple Work on things that you like If you have no clue what to do, fiddle around Don’t be afraid to experiment Find a friend to work with, share ideas! It’s OK to copy stuff (to give you an idea) Keep your ideas in a sketch book Build, take apart, rebuild Lots of things can go wrong, stick with it
*MIT Media Lab
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Review & Questions
Please give us your input Let ORTOP know how we can improve
the program Thanks for volunteering! Your effort
make learning possible. Disassemble robots (keep caster assy
together) and put pieces back into kits http://www.ortop.org/fll