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Page 1: OSHA Manual / MSDS Book Locations Richmond Office · OSHA Manual / MSDS Book Locations Richmond Office: OSHA Manual – Human Resource office MSDS Book ... †Post OSHA citations,

OSHA Manual / MSDS Book Locations Richmond Office:

OSHA Manual – Human Resource office MSDS Book – Warehouse manager’s office

The Playroom Upstairs

Charlottesville Office:

OSHA Manual – Warehouse manager’s office MSDS Book – Warehouse manager’s office

Fredericksburg Office:

OSHA Manual – Education room MSDS Book – Warehouse

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RIGHTS ANDRESPONSIBILITIESEmployers must:• Follow all relevant OSHA safety and health

standards.

• Find and correct safety and health hazards.

• Inform employees about chemical hazardsthrough training, labels, alarms, color-coded systems, chemical information sheets and othermethods.

• As of January 1, 2015, notify OSHA within 8 hours of a workplace fatality or within 24 hoursof any work-related inpatient hospitalization, amputation or loss of an eye (1-800-321-OSHA[6742]); www.osha.gov/report_online).

• Provide required personal protective equipmentat no cost to workers.*

• Keep accurate records of work-related injuriesand illnesses.

• Post OSHA citations, injury and illness summarydata, and the OSHA Job Safety and Health - It’sThe Law poster in the workplace where workerswill see them.

• Not retaliate against any worker for using theirrights under the law.

* Employers must pay for most types of required personal protective equipment.

Employees have the right to:• Working conditions that do not pose a risk of

serious harm.

• Receive information and training (in a language workers can understand) about chemical andother hazards, methods to prevent harm, andOSHA standards that apply to their workplace.

• Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses.

• Get copies of test results done to find andmeasure hazards in the workplace.

• File a complaint asking OSHA to inspect theirworkplace if they believe there is a serious hazard or that their employer is not followingOSHA rules. When requested, OSHA will keep allidentities confidential.

• Use their rights under the law without retaliation.If an employee is fired, demoted, transferred orretaliated against in any way for using their rightsunder the law, they can file a complaint withOSHA. This complaint must be filed within 30days of the alleged retaliation.

AT-A-GLANCE

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) was passed to

prevent workers from being killed or seriously harmed at work. This law

created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which

sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. OSHA

also provides information, training, and assistance to employers and workers.

Under the OSH Act, employers have the responsibility to provide a

safe workplace.

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OSHA STANDARDSOSHA standards are rules that describe the methods employers are legally required to followto protect their workers from hazards. BeforeOSHA can issue a standard, it must go through avery extensive and lengthy process that includessubstantial public engagement, notice and com-ment. The agency must show that a significantrisk to workers exists and that there are feasiblemeasures employers can take to protect theirworkers.

Construction, General Industry, Maritime, and Agriculture standards protect workers from a widerange of serious hazards. These standards limitthe amount of hazardous chemicals workers canbe exposed to, require the use of certain safepractices and equipment, and require employersto monitor certain workplace hazards.

Examples of OSHA standards include require-ments to provide fall protection, prevent trenchingcave-ins, prevent exposure to some infectious diseases, ensure the safety of workers who enterconfined spaces, prevent exposure to such harmful substances as asbestos and lead, putguards on machines, provide respirators or othersafety equipment, and provide training for certaindangerous jobs.

Employers must also comply with the GeneralDuty Clause of the OSH Act. This clause requiresemployers to keep their workplaces free of seriousrecognized hazards and is generally cited when nospecific OSHA standard applies to the hazard.

INSPECTIONSInspections are initiated without advance notice, conducted using on-site or telephone and facsim-ile investigations, performed by highly trainedcompliance officers, and based on the followingpriorities: • Imminent danger. • Catastrophes – fatalities or hospitalizations. • Worker complaints and referrals. • Targeted inspections – particular hazards, high

injury rates. • Follow-up inspections.

On-site inspections can be triggered by a com-plaint from a current worker or their representativeif they believe there is a serious hazard or thattheir employer is not following OSHA standards or rules. Often the best and fastest way to get ahazard corrected is to notify your supervisor oremployer.

When an inspector finds violations of OSHA standards or serious hazards, OSHA may issue citations and fines. A citation includes methodsan employer may use to fix a problem and thedate by when the corrective actions must be completed.

Employers have the right to contest any part ofthe citation, including whether a violation actuallyexists. Workers only have the right to challengethe deadline for when a problem must be resolved.Appeals of citations are heard by the independentOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission.

HELP FOR EMPLOYERSOSHA offers free confidential advice. Several programs and services help employers identifyand correct job hazards as well as improve theirinjury and illness prevention programs.

Free On-Site ConsultationOSHA provides a free service, On-Site Consulta-tion, for small businesses with fewer than 250workers at a site (and no more than 500 employ-ees nationwide). On-site Consultation services areseparate from enforcement and do not result inpenalties or citations. Each year, OSHA makesmore than 29,000 consultation visits to smallbusinesses to provide free compliance assis-tance. By working with the OSHA Consultation Program, certain exemplary employers may request participation in OSHA’s Safety and Health Recognition Program, SHARP. To locate the OSHA Consultation Office nearest you, visitwww.osha.gov/consultation or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

Compliance AssistanceOSHA has compliance assistance specialiststhroughout the nation who can provide general information about OSHA standards and compliance assistance resources. Contact yourlocal OSHA office for more information or visitwww.osha.gov/dcsp/compliance_assistance/cas.html.

Cooperative ProgramsOSHA offers cooperative programs to help prevent fatalities, injuries, and illnesses in the workplace. Alliance Program – OSHA works with groups committed to worker safety and health to developcompliance assistance resources and educateworkers and employers. OSHA Strategic Partner-ships (OSP) – Partnerships are formalized throughtailored agreements designed to encourage, assist, and recognize partner efforts to eliminateserious hazards and achieve model workplace

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safety and health practices. Voluntary ProtectionPrograms (VPP) – The VPP recognize employersand workers in private industry and federal agen-cies who have implemented effective safety andhealth management programs and maintain injuryand illness rates below the national average fortheir respective industries. In VPP, management,labor, and OSHA work cooperatively and proac-tively to prevent fatalities, injuries, and illnesses.

INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONOSHA Training InstituteThe OSHA Training Institute (OTI) Education Cen-ters are a national network of nonprofit organiza-tions authorized by OSHA to deliver occupationalsafety and health training to private sector workers, supervisors, and employers.

Educational MaterialsOSHA has a variety of educational materials andelectronic tools available on its website at Theseinclude utilities such as expert advisors, electroniccompliance assistance, videos and other informa-tion for employers and workers. OSHA’s softwareprograms and eTools walk you through safety andhealth issues and common problems to find thebest solutions for your workplace.

OSHA’s extensive publications help explain OSHAstandards, job hazards, and mitigation strategiesand provide assistance in developing effectivesafety and health programs.

Visit www.osha.gov/publications or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

QuickTakesOSHA’s free, twice-monthly online newsletter,QuickTakes, offers the latest news about OSHA initiatives and products to assist employers andworkers in finding and preventing workplace hazards. To sign up for QuickTakes, visitwww.osha.gov/quicktakes.

WHO DOES OSHA COVERPrivate Sector WorkersOSHA covers most private sector employers andworkers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia,and other U.S. jurisdictions either directly throughFederal OSHA or through an OSHA-approved stateprogram. State-run safety and health programsmust be at least as effective as the FederalOSHA program.

State and Local Government WorkersState and local government workers are not covered by Federal OSHA, but they do have protections in states that operate their own programs. The following states have approvedstate programs: AK, AZ, CA, CT, HI, IA, IL, IN, KY,MD, MI, MN, NC, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OR, SC, TN, UT,VA, VT, WA, WY, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, New York and theVirgin Islands programs cover public sector (stateand local government) workers only. Federal OSHAcovers private sector workers in these jurisdictions.

Federal Government WorkersOSHA’s protection applies to all federal agencies.Although OSHA does not fine federal agencies, itdoes monitor federal agencies and responds toworkers’ complaints.

Not Covered by the OSH Act:Self-employed workers; and workplace hazardsregulated by another federal agency (for example,the Mine Safety and Health Administration, the Department of Energy, or Coast Guard).

CONTACT OSHA For questions or to get information or advice, to report an emergency, report a fatality or catastro-phe, order publications, sign up for OSHA's e-newsletter QuickTakes, or to file a confidentialcomplaint, contact your nearest OSHA office, visitwww.osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA(6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.

For assistance, contact us. We are OSHA. We can help.

It’s confidential.

OSH

A 3

439-B

-12R

2014

U.S. Department of Labor

www.osha.gov

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Right to Know for Healthcare Employees

To keep you informed about the hazards you may face at work, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) created standards that instruct employers and give employees the Right to Know about hazards in their work environment. Such standards are:

Hazard Communication

Standard

Bloodborne Pathogens

Standard

Tuberculosis Guidelines

Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) Guidelines

Chemical Safety

Chemical manufacturers must:

Determine the physical and chemical hazards of their products and the possible health

effects.

Label chemical containers.

Provide Safety Data Sheets (SDS) that list detailed information about hazardous

chemicals.

Employers must:

Implement a written hazard communication programs that includes:

Listing hazardous chemicals in the work-place.

Labeling on-site chemical containers.

Making SDS available to employees.

Training employees about chemical safety procedures.

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Employees must:

Participate in safety training programs.

Read labels and SDS.

Understand the hazards you face.

Follow safety procedures on the job.

What is a Hazardous Chemical?

Hazardous chemicals can create two types of hazards:

Physical and chemical hazards & Health hazards.

Physical and Chemical Hazards are hazards that are:

Flammable. They catch fire easily.

Explosive. They cause a sudden release of pressure, gas, and heat.

Reactive. They burn, explode, or release toxic vapor if exposed to other chemicals, heat, air,

or water.

Health Hazards can have immediate symptoms, described as:

Irritating. They cause rashes or other skin irritations.

Corrosive. They burn skin or eyes.

Toxic. They cause illness or even death.

Protect your Body from Chemicals.

Hazardous chemicals can enter your body through:

Absorption. Skin and eye contact can cause burns, allergies, vision problems, or

blindness. Cuts and other skin injuries allow chemicals to pass into your blood stream.

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Inhalation. Inhaling hazardous chemicals causes dizziness, headaches, nausea, and

throat or lung damage.

Ingestion. Ingestion can occur by swallowing hazardous chemicals when you eat, drink,

or smoke in areas where chemicals are located. These chemicals can damage your

internal organs.

Injection. Accidental needle puncture allows toxins to enter your bloodstream directly

and circulate throughout your body.

Chemical Labels

All hazardous chemicals must be labeled by their manufacturer or distributor. By law, the

chemical label must contain:

The common or chemical name of the substance.

The hazardous ingredients present.

Physical and health hazards that could occur if you don’t handle the chemical properly.

The name and address of the manufacturer.

There are two common symbols used on labels to quickly provide information of the relative

hazards of a material.

One is called the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) warning diamond:

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The other is the Hazard Materials Information System (HMIS):

Know the Hazards you face.

You may be exposed to many hazards every day. Know the hazards you face in your work area.

Home Medical Equipment

Disease-causing microorganisms can be found on returned equipment. Toxic chemicals used to clean and disinfect equipment can burn the skin or eyes and cause serious, long-term health problems. Flammable liquids and gases can also be hazardous.

Nursing (including aids and attendants)

Anesthetic gases can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, birth defects, and cancer. Other hazards include anticancer drugs, radiation, and disease-causing microorganisms.

Use your Right to Know to stay safe and Healthy.

You have a Right to Know about the physical and health hazards in your workplace, as well as

the steps your employer is taking to protect you from them. It’s up to you to use this information

to keep yourself and others safe.

Learn what hazards you face.

Read and follow the information on labels and SDSs.

Follow company safety procedures, including Universal Precautions.

Use assigned protective clothing and equipment.

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Job Safety and HealthIT’S THE LAW!

All workers have the right to:

� A safe workplace.

� Raise a safety or health concern with your employer or OSHA, or report a work-related injury or illness, without being retaliated against.

� Receive information and training on job hazards, including all hazardous substances in your workplace.

� Request an OSHA inspection of your workplace if you believe there are unsafe or unhealthy conditions. OSHA will keep your name confidential. You have the right to have a representative contact OSHA on your behalf.

� Participate (or have your representative participate) in an OSHA inspection and speak in private to the inspector.

� File a complaint with OSHA within 30 days (by phone, online or by mail) if you have been retaliated against for using your rights.

� See any OSHA citations issued to your employer.

� Request copies of your medical records, tests that measure hazards in the workplace, and the workplace injury and illness log.

Employers must:

� Provide employees a workplace free from recognized hazards. It is illegal to retaliate against an employee for using any of their rights under the law, including raising a health and safety concern with you or with OSHA, or reporting a work-related injury or illness.

� Comply with all applicable OSHA standards.

� Report to OSHA all work-related fatalities within 8 hours, and all inpatient hospitalizations, amputations and losses of an eye within 24 hours.

� Provide required training to all workers in a language and vocabulary they can understand.

� Prominently display this poster in the workplace.

� Post OSHA citations at or near the place of the alleged violations.

FREE ASSISTANCE to identify and correct hazards is available to small and medium-sized employers, without citation or penalty, through OSHA-supported consultation programs in every state.

U.S. Department of Labor

Contact OSHA. We can help.

1-800-321-OSHA (6742) • TTY 1-877-889-5627 • www.osha.gov

OSHA

316

5-04

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This poster is available free from OSHA.

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BRIEFThe Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)), revised in 2012, requires that the chemical manufacturer, distributor, or importer provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (formerly MSDSs or Material Safety Data Sheets) for each hazardous chemical to downstream users to communicate information on these hazards. The information contained in the SDS is largely the same as the MSDS, except now the SDSs are required to be presented in a consistent user-friendly, 16-section format. This brief provides guidance to help workers who handle hazardous chemicals to become familiar with the format and understand the contents of the SDSs.

The SDS includes information such as the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical. The information contained in the SDS must be in English (although it may be in other languages as well). In addition, OSHA requires that SDS preparers provide specific minimum information as detailed in Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200. The SDS preparers may also include additional information in various section(s).

Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets Sections 1 through 8 contain general information about the chemical, identification, hazards, composition, safe handling practices, and emergency control measures (e.g., fire fighting). This information should be helpful to those that need to get the information quickly. Sections 9 through 11 and 16 contain other technical and scientific information, such as physical and chemical properties, stability and reactivity information, toxicological information, exposure control information, and other information including the date of preparation or last revision. The SDS must also state that no applicable information was found when the preparer does not find relevant information for any required element.

The SDS must also contain Sections 12 through 15, to be consistent with the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), but OSHA will not enforce the content of these sections because they concern matters handled by other agencies.

A description of all 16 sections of the SDS, along with their contents, is presented below:

Section 1: Identification

This section identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the recommended uses. It also provides the essential contact information of the supplier. The required information consists of:• Product identifier used on the label and any other common names or synonyms by which the

substance is known.• Name, address, phone number of the manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party, and

emergency phone number.• Recommended use of the chemical (e.g., a brief description of what it actually does, such

as flame retardant) and any restrictions on use (including recommendations given by the supplier).

1

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Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification

This section identifies the hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS and the appropriate warning information associated with those hazards. The required information consists of:• The hazard classification of the chemical (e.g., flammable liquid, category1).• Signal word. • Hazard statement(s). • Pictograms (the pictograms or hazard symbols may be presented as graphical reproductions

of the symbols in black and white or be a description of the name of the symbol (e.g., skull and crossbones, flame).

• Precautionary statement(s). • Description of any hazards not otherwise classified.• For a mixture that contains an ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity, a statement describing how

much (percentage) of the mixture consists of ingredient(s) with unknown acute toxicity. Please note that this is a total percentage of the mixture and not tied to the individual ingredient(s).

Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients

This section identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product indicated on the SDS, including impurities and stabilizing additives. This section includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. The required information consists of:Substances• Chemical name.• Common name and synonyms.• Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.• Impurities and stabilizing additives, which are themselves classified and which contribute to

the classification of the chemical.Mixtures• Same information required for substances.• The chemical name and concentration (i.e., exact percentage) of all ingredients which are

classified as health hazards and are:

° Present above their cut-off/concentration limits or

° Present a health risk below the cut-off/concentration limits.• The concentration (exact percentages) of each ingredient must be specified except

concentration ranges may be used in the following situations:

° A trade secret claim is made,

° There is batch-to-batch variation, or

° The SDS is used for a group of substantially similar mixtures.Chemicals where a trade secret is claimed• A statement that the specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of

composition has been withheld as a trade secret is required.

1 Chemical, as defined in the HCS, is any substance, or mixture of substances.

2

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Section 4: First-Aid Measures

This section describes the initial care that should be given by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical. The required information consists of:• Necessaryfirst-aidinstructionsbyrelevantroutesofexposure(inhalation,skinandeyecontact,

and ingestion). • Descriptionofthemostimportantsymptomsoreffects,andanysymptomsthatareacuteor

delayed.• Recommendationsforimmediatemedicalcareandspecialtreatmentneeded,whennecessary.

Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures

This section provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical. The required information consists of:• Recommendationsofsuitableextinguishingequipment,andinformationaboutextinguishing

equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation.• Adviceonspecifichazardsthatdevelopfromthechemicalduringthefire,suchasany

hazardous combustion products created when the chemical burns. • Recommendationsonspecialprotectiveequipmentorprecautionsforfirefighters.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

This section provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties, or the environment. It may also include recommendations distinguishing between responses for large and small spills where the spill volume has a significant impact on the hazard. The required information may consist of recommendations for:• Useofpersonalprecautions(suchasremovalofignitionsourcesorprovidingsufficient

ventilation) and protective equipment to prevent the contamination of skin, eyes, and clothing. • Emergencyprocedures,includinginstructionsforevacuations,consultingexpertswhen

needed, and appropriate protective clothing.• Methodsandmaterialsusedforcontainment(e.g.,coveringthedrainsandcapping

procedures). • Cleanupprocedures(e.g.,appropriatetechniquesforneutralization,decontamination,cleaning

or vacuuming; adsorbent materials; and/or equipment required for containment/clean up).

Section 7: Handling and Storage

This section provides guidance on the safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage of chemicals. The required information consists of:• Precautionsforsafehandling,includingrecommendationsforhandlingincompatible

chemicals, minimizing the release of the chemical into the environment, and providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating, drinking, and smoking in work areas is prohibited).

• Recommendationsontheconditionsforsafestorage,includinganyincompatibilities.Provideadvice on specific storage requirements (e.g., ventilation requirements).

3

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Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

This section indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure. The required information consists of:• OSHAPermissibleExposureLimits(PELs),AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrial

Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the safety data sheet, where available.

• Appropriateengineeringcontrols(e.g.,uselocalexhaustventilation,oruseonlyinanenclosedsystem).

• Recommendationsforpersonalprotectivemeasurestopreventillnessorinjuryfromexposureto chemicals, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., appropriate types of eye, face, skin or respiratory protection needed based on hazards and potential exposure).

• AnyspecialrequirementsforPPE,protectiveclothingorrespirators(e.g.,typeofglovematerial,such as PVC or nitrile rubber gloves; and breakthrough time of the glove material).

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

This section identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture. The minimum required information consists of:• Appearance(physicalstate,color,etc.); •Upper/lowerflammabilityorexplosivelimits;• Odor; •Vaporpressure;• Odorthreshold; •Vapordensity;• pH; •Relativedensity;• Meltingpoint/freezingpoint; •Solubility(ies);• Initialboilingpointandboilingrange; •Partitioncoefficient:n-octanol/water;• Flashpoint; •Auto-ignitiontemperature;• Evaporationrate; •Decompositiontemperature;and• Flammability(solid,gas); •Viscosity.The SDS may not contain every item on the above list because information may not be relevant or is not available. When this occurs, a notation to that effect must be made for that chemical property. Manufacturers may also add other relevant properties, such as the dust deflagration index (Kst) for combustible dust, used to evaluate a dust’s explosive potential.

4

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Section 10: Stability and Reactivity

This section describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and the chemical stability information. This section is broken into three parts: reactivity, chemical stability, and other. The required information consists of:Reactivity• Description of the specific test data for the chemical(s). This data can be for a class or family

of the chemical if such data adequately represent the anticipated hazard of the chemical(s), where available.

Chemical stability• Indication of whether the chemical is stable or unstable under normal ambient temperature

and conditions while in storage and being handled. •Descriptionofanystabilizersthatmaybeneededtomaintainchemicalstability.•Indicationofanysafetyissuesthatmayariseshouldtheproductchangeinphysical

appearance.Other• Indication of the possibility of hazardous reactions, including a statement whether the chemical

will react or polymerize, which could release excess pressure or heat, or create other hazardous conditions. Also, a description of the conditions under which hazardous reactions may occur.

• Listofallconditionsthatshouldbeavoided(e.g.,staticdischarge,shock,vibrations,orenvironmental conditions that may lead to hazardous conditions).

• Listofallclassesofincompatiblematerials(e.g.,classesofchemicalsorspecificsubstances)with which the chemical could react to produce a hazardous situation.

• Listofanyknownoranticipatedhazardousdecompositionproductsthatcouldbeproducedbecause of use, storage, or heating. (Hazardous combustion products should also be included in Section 5 (Fire-Fighting Measures) of the SDS.)

Section 11: Toxicological Information

This section identifies toxicological and health effects information or indicates that such data are not available. The required information consists of:• Informationonthelikelyroutesofexposure(inhalation,ingestion,skinandeyecontact).

The SDS should indicate if the information is unknown.• Descriptionofthedelayed,immediate,orchroniceffectsfromshort-andlong-termexposure.• Thenumericalmeasuresoftoxicity(e.g.,acutetoxicityestimatessuchastheLD50(median

lethal dose)) - the estimated amount [of a substance] expected to kill 50% of test animals in a single dose.

• Descriptionofthesymptoms.Thisdescriptionincludesthesymptomsassociatedwithexposure to the chemical including symptoms from the lowest to the most severe exposure.

• IndicationofwhetherthechemicalislistedintheNationalToxicologyProgram(NTP) Report on Carcinogens (latest edition) or has been found to be a potential carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs (latest editions) or found to be a potential carcinogen by OSHA.

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Section 12: Ecological Information (non-mandatory)

This section provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. The information may include: • Datafromtoxicitytestsperformedonaquaticand/orterrestrialorganisms,whereavailable

(e.g., acute or chronic aquatic toxicity data for fish, algae, crustaceans, and other plants; toxicity data on birds, bees, plants).

• Whetherthereisapotentialforthechemicaltopersistanddegradeintheenvironmenteitherthrough biodegradation or other processes, such as oxidation or hydrolysis.

• Resultsoftestsofbioaccumulationpotential,makingreferencetotheoctanol-waterpartitioncoefficient (Kow) and the bioconcentration factor (BCF), where available.

• Thepotentialforasubstancetomovefromthesoiltothegroundwater(indicateresultsfromadsorption studies or leaching studies).

• Otheradverseeffects(e.g.,environmentalfate,ozonelayerdepletionpotential,photochemicalozone creation potential, endocrine disrupting potential, and/or global warming potential).

Section 13: Disposal Considerations (non-mandatory)

This section provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or reclamation of the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices. To minimize exposure, this section should also refer the reader to Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal Protection) of the SDS. The information may include:• Descriptionofappropriatedisposalcontainerstouse.• Recommendationsofappropriatedisposalmethodstoemploy.• Descriptionofthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesthatmayaffectdisposalactivities.• Languagediscouragingsewagedisposal.• Anyspecialprecautionsforlandfillsorincinerationactivities.

Section 14: Transport Information (non-mandatory)

This section provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea. The information may include:• UNnumber(i.e.,four-figureidentificationnumberofthesubstance)2. • UNpropershippingname2. • Transporthazardclass(es)2. • Packinggroupnumber,ifapplicable,basedonthedegreeofhazard2. • Environmentalhazards(e.g.,identifyifitisamarinepollutantaccordingtotheInternational

Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)). • Guidanceontransportinbulk(accordingtoAnnexIIofMARPOL73/783 and the International

Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code)).

• Anyspecialprecautionswhichanemployeeshouldbeawareoforneedstocomplywith,inconnection with transport or conveyance either within or outside their premises (indicate when information is not available).

2 Found in the most recent edition of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

3MARPOL73/78meanstheInternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips,1973,asmodifiedbytheProtocolof1978relatingthereto,asamended.

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Section 15: Regulatory Information (non-mandatory)

This section identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that is not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. The information may include:• Anynationaland/orregionalregulatoryinformationofthechemicalormixtures(includingany

OSHA, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, or Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations).

Section 16: Other Information

This section indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known revision was made. The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to the previous version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an explanation of the changes. Other useful information also may be included here.

Employer ResponsibilitiesEmployers must ensure that the SDSs are readily accessible to employees for all hazardous chemicals in their workplace. This may be done in many ways. For example, employers may keep the SDSs in a binder or on computers as long as the employees have immediate access to the information without leaving their work area when needed and a back-up is available for rapid access to the SDS in the case of a power outage or other emergency. Furthermore, employers may want to designate a person(s) responsible for obtaining and maintaining the SDSs. If the employer does not have an SDS, the employer or designated person(s) should contact the manufacturer to obtain one.

ReferencesOSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and Appendix D.United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), third revised edition, United Nations, 2009. These references and other information related to the revised Hazard Communication

Standard can be found on OSHA’s Hazard Communication Safety and Health Topics page, located at: http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html.

Disclaimer: This brief provides a general overview of the safety data sheet requirements in the Hazard Communication Standard (see 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200). It does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities in the standard or the Occupational Safety andHealthActof1970.Sinceinterpretationsand enforcement policy may change over time, the reader should consult current OSHA interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements. Please note that states with OSHA-approved state plans may have additional requirements for chemical safety data sheets, outside of those outlined above. For more information on those standards, please visit: http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/statestandards.html.

This is one in a series of informational briefs highlighting OSHA programs, policies or standards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list of compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.

DSG BR-3514 2/2012

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How to read a Chemical Label Hazardous materials should always be properly labeled. One common type of label is the US National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) system. Although they look rather simplistic, an NFPA label carries a lot of information for those who understand how to interpret it. For example, NFPA labels are color-coded. Each color on the label represents a different type of hazard. What these colors represent must be remembered first. On top of the color coding, NFPA also uses a numbering system. On every NFPA label, there should be a number from zero to four inside the blue, red and yellow areas. The numbers indicate the degree of a particular hazard.

The Blue Section - Health Risks

4 The substance is a severe health risk if the substance is not handled safely. Substances carrying a four in the blue section could c cause death or irreversible injury.

3 The substance could cause serious temporary or irreversible injury.

2 The substance could cause temporary incapacitation.

1 The substance could cause irritation.

0 There is no health hazard.

The Red Section - Fire Risks

4 A flammable vapor or gas which burns readily.

3 A flammable liquid or solid which can be readily ignited.

2 The substance must be heated for ignition.

1 The substance must be preheated before ignition can occur.

0 There is no fire hazard.

EXAMPLE

Blue = Health hazard

Red = Fire hazard

Yellow = Reactivity hazard

White = Special hazard

0 = minimal hazard 1 = slight hazard 2 = moderate hazard 3 = serious hazard 4 = severe hazard

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The Yellow Section - Reactivity Hazards

4 The substance is readily capable of detonation or explosive reaction.

3 The substance may detonate when exposed to heat or an ignition source.

2 The substance is readily capable of non-explosive reaction.

1 The substance may become unstable at high temperatures.

0 The substance is stable.

The White Section - Special Hazards OX Oxidizer ACID Acid ALK Alkali COR Corrosive

Use no water

Radioactive

Regardless of the numbers on the label - even if they carry ones or zeros - be cautious. All chemicals should be treated with the utmost of care. Users must also have the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on hand for all chemicals they use. The MSDS contain detail information on:

• Name & trade name of the substance • Hazardous ingredient(s) it contains • Physical characteristics of the chemical • Protective equipment to be used • What to do in event of a leak or spill • Any other precautions to be followed

Adapted for print from: http://www.ab.ust.hk/sepo/tips/ls/ls004.htm.

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You must also train workers who are required towear personal protective equipment on how todo the following:• Use protective equipment properly,• Be aware of when personal protective equip-ment is necessary,

• Know what kind of protective equipment isnecessary,

• Understand the limitations of personal protec-tive equipment in protecting workers frominjury,

• Put on, adjust, wear, and take off personal pro-tective equipment, and

• Maintain protective equipment properly.

Protection from Head InjuriesHard hats can protect your workers from headimpact, penetration injuries, and electricalinjuries such as those caused by falling orflying objects, fixed objects, or contact withelectrical conductors. Also, OSHA regulationsrequire employers to ensure that workerscover and protect long hair to prevent it fromgetting caught in machine parts such as beltsand chains.

Protection from Foot and Leg InjuriesIn addition to foot guards and safety shoes,leggings (e.g., leather, aluminized rayon, orotherappropriate material) can help preventinjuries by protecting workers from hazardssuch as falling or rolling objects, sharp objects,wet and slippery surfaces, molten metals, hotsurfaces, and electrical hazards.

Protection from Eye and Face InjuriesBesides spectacles and goggles, personalprotective equipment such as special helmetsor shields, spectacles with side shields, andfaceshields can protect workers from the haz-ards of flying fragments, large chips, hot sparks,

Employer ResponsibilitiesOSHA’s primary personal protective equip-ment standards are in Title 29 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I,and equivalent regulations in states with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find protec-tive equipment requirements elsewhere in theGeneral Industry Standards. For example, 29CFR 1910.156, OSHA’s Fire Brigades Standard,has requirements for firefighting gear. In addi-tion, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construc-tion industry. OSHA’s general personal protec-tive equipment requirements mandate thatemployers conduct a hazard assessment oftheir workplaces to determine what hazardsare present that require the use of protectiveequipment, provide workers with appropriateprotective equipment, and require them to useand maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition.

Using personal protective equipment is oftenessential, but it is generally the last line ofdefense after engineering controls, work prac-tices, and administrative controls. Engineeringcontrols involve physically changing a machineor work environment. Administrative controlsinvolve changing how or when workers dotheir jobs, such as scheduling work and rotat-ing workers to reduce exposures. Work prac-tices involve training workers how to performtasks in ways that reduce their exposure toworkplace hazards.

As an employer, you must assess your work-place to determine if hazards are presentthat require the use of personal protectiveequipment. If such hazards are present, youmust select protective equipment and requireworkers to use it, communicate your protectiveequipment selection decisions to your workers,and select personal protective equipment thatproperly fits your workers.

FactSheetPersonal Protective EquipmentPersonal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect workers from serious

workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physi-

cal, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Besides face shields, safety

glasses, hard hats, and safety shoes, protective equipment includes a variety of devices

and garments such as goggles,coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.

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This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer toTitle 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.

U.S. Department of Laborwww.osha.gov(800) 321-OSHA

For more complete information:

DOC 4/2006

optical radiation, splashes from molten metals,as well as objects, particles, sand, dirt, mists,dusts, and glare.

Protection from Hearing LossWearing earplugs or earmuffs can help preventdamage to hearing. Exposure to high noiselevels can cause irreversible hearing loss orimpairment as well as physical and psychologi-cal stress. Earplugs made from foam, waxedcotton, or fiberglass wool are self-forming andusually fit well. A professional should fit yourworkers individually for molded or preformedearplugs. Clean earplugs regularly, and replacethose you cannot clean.

Protection from Hand InjuriesWorkers exposed to harmful substances throughskin absorption, severe cuts or lacerations,severe abrasions, chemical burns, thermalburns, and harmful temperatureextremes willbenefit from hand protection.

Protection from Body InjuryIn some cases workers must shield most or allof their bodies against hazards in the work-place, such as exposure to heat and radiation aswell as hot metals, scalding liquids, body fluids,hazardous materials or waste, and other haz-ards. In addition to fire-retardant wool and fir-eretardant cotton, materials used in whole-bodypersonal protective equipment include rubber,leather, synthetics, and plastic.

When to Wear Respiratory ProtectionWhen engineering controls are not feasible,workers must use appropriate respirators toprotect against adverse health effects caused bybreathing air contaminated with harmful dusts,fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, orvapors. Respirators generally cover the noseand mouth or the entire face or head and helpprevent illness and injury. A proper fit is essen-tial, however, for respirators to be effective.Required respirators must be NIOSH-approvedand medical evaluation and training must beprovided before use.

Additional InformationFor additional information concerning protec-tive equipment view the publication, Assessingthe Need for Personal Protective Equipment: AGuide for Small Business Employers (OSHA3151) available on OSHA’s web site at www.osha. gov. For more information about personalprotective equipment in the construction indus-try, visit www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/construc-tionppe/ index.html.

Contacting OSHATo report an emergency, file a complaint or seekOSHA advice, assistance or products, call (800)321-OSHA or contact your nearest OSHAregional or area office.