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OSHA Office of Training & Education 1 Introduction to OSHA

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Page 1: OSHA Office of Training & Education1 Introduction to OSHA

OSHA Office of Training & Education

1

Introduction to OSHA

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OSHA Office of Training & Education

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What is OSHA?What is OSHA?

OOccupational ccupational SSafety and afety and HHealth ealth AAdministrationdministration

Responsible for worker safety and Responsible for worker safety and health protectionhealth protection

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Is there a need for OSHA?Is there a need for OSHA?

More than 90 million Americans spend More than 90 million Americans spend

their days on the job. their days on the job. Nearly 6,000 fatalitiesNearly 6,000 fatalities

50,000 work-related illnesses deaths50,000 work-related illnesses deaths

5.7 million non-fatal workplace injuries5.7 million non-fatal workplace injuries

Injuries costs - over $125 billionInjuries costs - over $125 billion

Each year...Each year...

Source - OSHA Publication 2056Source - OSHA Publication 2056

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The Need for The Need for LegislationLegislation

Until 1970, no uniform & Until 1970, no uniform &

comprehensive provisions comprehensive provisions

existed for protection existed for protection

against workplace S&H against workplace S&H

hazards.hazards.

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The Need for The Need for LegislationLegislation

In 1970, In 1970, Congress Congress

considered considered these annual these annual

figures:figures:

14,000 worker 14,000 worker deathsdeaths

2.5 million workers 2.5 million workers disableddisabled

300,000 new 300,000 new occupational occupational disease casesdisease cases

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Public Law91-596

The Williams-Steiger Occupational

Safety & Health Act of 1970

OSH Act

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". . . ". . . to assure so far as to assure so far as possible every working man possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working and healthful working conditions and to preserve our conditions and to preserve our human resourceshuman resources." ."

An ActAn Act

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OSHA’S Purpose - OSHA’S Purpose - Section 2 Section 2

Encourage reduced workplace hazardsEncourage reduced workplace hazards Implement new/improve existing S&H Implement new/improve existing S&H

programsprograms Provide for S&H researchProvide for S&H research

Establish employer / employee Establish employer / employee

responsibilities for S&H conditions.responsibilities for S&H conditions.

Build on employer/employee S&H Build on employer/employee S&H

initiatives.initiatives.

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OSHA’S Purpose - OSHA’S Purpose - Section 2 Section 2

Occ. health focus to prevent diseases in the work Occ. health focus to prevent diseases in the work

environment.environment. Establish training to increase number & Establish training to increase number &

competence competence Develop mandatory job S&H standardsDevelop mandatory job S&H standards Enforce these effectively Enforce these effectively Develop recordkeeping & reporting requirementsDevelop recordkeeping & reporting requirements Provides assistance, training & other support Provides assistance, training & other support

programs to help employers and workersprograms to help employers and workers

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OSHA’S Purpose - OSHA’S Purpose - Section 2 Section 2

Provide for the development, analysis, Provide for the development, analysis,

evaluation and approval of state evaluation and approval of state

occupational safety and health occupational safety and health

programs. programs.

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Has OSHA Made a Difference?Has OSHA Made a Difference?

Helped cut the work-related fatality rate Helped cut the work-related fatality rate 50%50% Worked with employers / employees to reduce workplace Worked with employers / employees to reduce workplace

injuries & illnesses by injuries & illnesses by 40%40% Virtually eliminated brown lung disease, andVirtually eliminated brown lung disease, and

Reduced trenching & excavation fatalities by Reduced trenching & excavation fatalities by 35%35%

YES!Since 1970:

Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, BLS, U.S. DOL.Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, BLS, U.S. DOL.

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Who is covered by the Who is covered by the OSH Act?OSH Act?

Most private sector Most private sector employeesemployees

Coverage is provided directly Coverage is provided directly by federal OSHA or through by federal OSHA or through an OSHA-approved state an OSHA-approved state programprogram

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The Act’s Coverage The Act’s Coverage IncludesIncludes

Manufacturing Manufacturing ConstructionConstruction LongshoringLongshoring AgricultureAgriculture Law and medicineLaw and medicine Charity and disaster reliefCharity and disaster relief Organized laborOrganized labor Private education. Private education.

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NOTNOT CoveredCovered Self-employed persons (i.e. : homeowners);Self-employed persons (i.e. : homeowners);

Farms at which only immediate family Farms at which only immediate family

members are employed; members are employed;

Worksites / conditions regulated by other Worksites / conditions regulated by other

federal agencies under other federal federal agencies under other federal

statutes*statutes*

* * Areas not covered specifically are still covered by OSHA.Areas not covered specifically are still covered by OSHA.

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OSHA StandardsOSHA Standards OSHA develops and enforces OSHA develops and enforces standards that standards that employersemployers must must follow.follow.

OSHA-approved OSHA-approved States programsStates programs must set standards must set standards at least as at least as effectiveeffective as federal standards. as federal standards.

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What does OSHA What does OSHA Require?Require?

Determine which standards apply Determine which standards apply to your workplaceto your workplace1910 General Industry1910 General Industry

1926 Construction1926 Construction

1928 Agriculture1928 Agriculture

Follow the OSHA standards and Follow the OSHA standards and requirementsrequirements

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Duties - Section 5Duties - Section 5

Where OSHA has not promulgated specific Where OSHA has not promulgated specific standards, employers are responsible for standards, employers are responsible for following the Act's following the Act's General Duty ClauseGeneral Duty Clause {Section 5(a)(1)}. {Section 5(a)(1)}.

””Each employer - shall furnish...a place of Each employer - shall furnish...a place of employment which is free from employment which is free from recognized recognized hazardshazards that are causing or are likely to cause that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his death or serious physical harm to his employees."employees."

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Inspections, Inspections, Investigations & Investigations & Recordkeeping - Recordkeeping -

Section 8Section 8 8(a) OSHA representatives are authorized:8(a) OSHA representatives are authorized:

(1) To enter without delay, at reasonable times, & (1) To enter without delay, at reasonable times, &

(2) To inspect during regular working hours and (2) To inspect during regular working hours and at reasonable times and to question privately at reasonable times and to question privately employers and employeesemployers and employees

8(b) Subpoena power8(b) Subpoena power

8(c) Recordkeeping and posting8(c) Recordkeeping and posting

8(f) Employees right of complaint8(f) Employees right of complaint

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Citations - Section Citations - Section 99

(a) If an employer violates Section 5 of Act or (a) If an employer violates Section 5 of Act or any standard, a citation will be issued. Each any standard, a citation will be issued. Each citation will:citation will:

Be in writingBe in writing

Describe the particular violationDescribe the particular violation

Fix a reasonable abatement periodFix a reasonable abatement period

(b) Posting of citations(b) Posting of citations

(c) Time limit - 6 months to issue citation(c) Time limit - 6 months to issue citation

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Enforcement - Enforcement - Section 10Section 10

(a) (a) Employers right of contestEmployers right of contest; Citations ; Citations can be contested before the Safety and can be contested before the Safety and Health Review Commission, an Health Review Commission, an independent quasi-judicial branch of the independent quasi-judicial branch of the Department of LaborDepartment of Labor

(c) Employee’s right of contest of (c) Employee’s right of contest of abatement datesabatement dates

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Judicial Review - Judicial Review - Section 11Section 11

(a) Appeals & review of Commission (a) Appeals & review of Commission orderorder

(c) Prohibits discrimination against (c) Prohibits discrimination against employees filing complaints under employees filing complaints under OSHAOSHA

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Penalties Penalties Section 17Section 17

Penalties increased in 1990Penalties increased in 1990

‘‘Willful’ & ‘repeated’ violations-maximum $ 70KWillful’ & ‘repeated’ violations-maximum $ 70K

Minimum $ 5,000 – ‘Willful’Minimum $ 5,000 – ‘Willful’

‘‘Serious’ & ‘Other than Serious’ to $ 7,000Serious’ & ‘Other than Serious’ to $ 7,000

Failure to abate –max of $ 7000/day violation Failure to abate –max of $ 7000/day violation

continuescontinues

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Title 29Title 29 Title 29 is set aside for OSHATitle 29 is set aside for OSHA

The regulations are broken down The regulations are broken down into Partsinto Parts

Part 1926, are the “Construction Part 1926, are the “Construction Standards”Standards”

Each Part is then broken into major Each Part is then broken into major Subparts Subparts

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Part 1926 Major Part 1926 Major SubpartsSubparts

Subpart D - Occupational Health and Subpart D - Occupational Health and

Environmental ControlsEnvironmental Controls

Subpart E - Personal Protective and Life Subpart E - Personal Protective and Life

Saving EquipmentSaving Equipment

Subpart F - Fire Protection and PreventionSubpart F - Fire Protection and Prevention

Subpart G - Signs, Signals and BarricadesSubpart G - Signs, Signals and Barricades

Subpart H - Materials Handling, Storage, Subpart H - Materials Handling, Storage,

Use, and DisposalUse, and Disposal

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Part 1926 Major Part 1926 Major SubpartsSubparts

Subpart I - Tools – Hand and PowerSubpart I - Tools – Hand and Power

Subpart J - Welding and Cutting Subpart J - Welding and Cutting

Subpart K - ElectricalSubpart K - Electrical

Subpart L - ScaffoldsSubpart L - Scaffolds

Subpart M - Fall ProtectionSubpart M - Fall Protection

Subpart N - Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Subpart N - Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,

Elevators and ConveyorsElevators and Conveyors

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Part 1926 Major Part 1926 Major SubpartsSubparts

Subpart O - Motor Vehicles Subpart O - Motor Vehicles

Subpart P - Excavations Subpart P - Excavations

Subpart Q - Concrete and Masonry Subpart Q - Concrete and Masonry ConstructionConstruction

Subpart R - Steel ErectionSubpart R - Steel Erection

Subpart S - Underground ConstructionSubpart S - Underground Construction

Subpart Z - Stairways and LaddersSubpart Z - Stairways and Ladders

Each Subpart is then broken down into Each Subpart is then broken down into SectionsSections

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Reading StandardsReading Standards 29 CFR 1926.451 (g)(4)(i) 29 CFR 1926.451 (g)(4)(i)

2929 United States Code Title United States Code Title

CFRCFR Code of Federal Regulations Code of Federal Regulations

19261926 Part - Part 1926 covers Construction Part - Part 1926 covers Construction

{Subpart: Subpart L - Scaffolds}{Subpart: Subpart L - Scaffolds}

451451 Section Number; General Requirements Section Number; General Requirements

(g)(g) Major Paragraph; Fall Protection Major Paragraph; Fall Protection

(4)(4) Paragraph Subsection; Paragraph Subsection; Guardrail SystemsGuardrail Systems

(i)(i) Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms.sides and ends of platforms.

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29 CFR 1926.405 (j) (4) (ii) (C) (1)

Lower Case Alphabetical

Italicized Arabic Number

Upper Case Alphabetical

Lower Case Roman

Arabic Number

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Recordkeeping and ReportingRecordkeeping and Reporting• Employers of 11+ employees Employers of 11+ employees

must maintain records of must maintain records of occupational injuries & illnessesoccupational injuries & illnesses

• AllAll employers must display the OSHA poster employers must display the OSHA poster

• Must report any accident resulting in a Must report any accident resulting in a fatality or in-patient hospitalization of 3 or fatality or in-patient hospitalization of 3 or more employees within 8 hrs.more employees within 8 hrs.

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Recordkeeping FormsRecordkeeping Forms

300 Log maintained 300 Log maintained on a calendar year on a calendar year basisbasis

300A Summary for 300A Summary for the previous year the previous year must be posted from must be posted from February through February through April April

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What are workers’ responsibilities?What are workers’ responsibilities? Read the OSHA posterRead the OSHA poster Follow employer’s safety & health rulesFollow employer’s safety & health rules Wear or use all required gear and Wear or use all required gear and

equipmentequipment Follow safe work practices, as directed by Follow safe work practices, as directed by

your employeryour employer Report hazardous conditionsReport hazardous conditions Report hazardous conditions to OSHA, if Report hazardous conditions to OSHA, if

employers do not fix thememployers do not fix them Cooperate with OSHA inspectorsCooperate with OSHA inspectors

(see OSHA Workers' web page for more information)

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OSHA Workers' PageOSHA Workers' Page

www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/index.html

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What are workers’ rights?What are workers’ rights? Identify & correct problems, working with their Identify & correct problems, working with their

employers whenever possibleemployers whenever possible

To complain to OSHA about workplace conditions To complain to OSHA about workplace conditions threatening their health or safety - in person, by threatening their health or safety - in person, by telephone, by fax, by mail or electronically through telephone, by fax, by mail or electronically through OSHA’s web siteOSHA’s web site

Section 11(c) of the OSH Act gives workers the right Section 11(c) of the OSH Act gives workers the right to seek safe and healthful conditions on the job to seek safe and healthful conditions on the job without being disciplined or firedwithout being disciplined or fired

(see OSHA Workers' web page for more information)

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What are employers’ rights &What are employers’ rights & responsibilities? responsibilities?

Provide a workplace free of recognized hazardsProvide a workplace free of recognized hazards

Follow the OSHA standardsFollow the OSHA standards

The OSH Act grants employers important rights, particularly during and The OSH Act grants employers important rights, particularly during and after an OSHA inspectionafter an OSHA inspection

Employers must provide training, medical examinations and recordkeepingEmployers must provide training, medical examinations and recordkeeping

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Competent Person in ConstructionCompetent Person in Construction• A person who;A person who;

Knows the right standard,Knows the right standard, Can identify hazards in the operation, andCan identify hazards in the operation, and Is designated by the employer, and has the authority to take appropriate actions.Is designated by the employer, and has the authority to take appropriate actions.

• "Competent Person" is found in many standards."Competent Person" is found in many standards.• Some standards set specific requirements for the "competent person."Some standards set specific requirements for the "competent person."

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Workplace InspectionsWorkplace Inspections

• Establishments covered by the Establishments covered by the OSH Act are subject to OSH Act are subject to inspection by inspection by OSHA compliance OSHA compliance safety and health officerssafety and health officers (CSHOs)(CSHOs)

• Most inspections are conducted Most inspections are conducted without advance noticewithout advance notice

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What Types of Hazards are Addressed in Standards?

ElectricalElectrical CranesCranes FallsFalls ExcavationExcavation Confined Confined

SpacesSpaces

Scaffolding

Machines

Stairways & Ladders

Chemical

Physical

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Employer may Qualify for Employer may Qualify for "Focused Inspection" "Focused Inspection"

Has to meet certain conditionsHas to meet certain conditions Adequate S&H program ANDAdequate S&H program AND

Designated competent personDesignated competent person

Inspector will "focus" on these four Inspector will "focus" on these four hazard areas:hazard areas: FallsFalls

Struck byStruck by

Caught in/betweenCaught in/between

Electrical Electrical

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Inspection ProcessInspection Process

CSHO displays official CSHO displays official credentialscredentials

Opening conferenceOpening conference Walk-around Walk-around

inspectioninspection Closing conferenceClosing conference

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Conducting the Conducting the Walkaround InspectionWalkaround Inspection

CSHO & accompanying representatives CSHO & accompanying representatives (employer and employee) inspect for (employer and employee) inspect for potentially hazardous working conditionspotentially hazardous working conditions

CSHO discusses possible corrective CSHO discusses possible corrective actionsactions

CSHO may consult, at times privately, CSHO may consult, at times privately, with employeeswith employees

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What Happens After What Happens After an OSHA Inspection?an OSHA Inspection?

May or may not issue citationsMay or may not issue citations

Citations inform employer and employees of the Citations inform employer and employees of the regulations and standards allegedly violated regulations and standards allegedly violated and of the proposed time for abatement and of the proposed time for abatement

Employer must post a copy of each citation at Employer must post a copy of each citation at or near place where violation occurred, or near place where violation occurred, for 3 for 3 days or until violation is corrected, days or until violation is corrected, whichever is longer whichever is longer

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Sources of AssistanceSources of Assistance• OSHA web site (www.osha.gov)OSHA web site (www.osha.gov)• Consultation assistanceConsultation assistance• Federal and State area officesFederal and State area offices

Speakers, publications, a/v aids, technical Speakers, publications, a/v aids, technical adviceadvice

• Training and educationTraining and education OSHA Training Institute (OTI) and the OTI OSHA Training Institute (OTI) and the OTI

Education CentersEducation Centers OSHA Outreach Training ProgramOSHA Outreach Training Program

• OSHA Office of State ProgramsOSHA Office of State Programs• Voluntary Protection ProgramsVoluntary Protection Programs

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OSHA Web Site(www.osha.gov)

About OSHA (events, what’s new . . .)About OSHA (events, what’s new . . .)

Compliance Assistance (regulations, directives, Compliance Assistance (regulations, directives, consultation, eTools, training . . .)consultation, eTools, training . . .)

Cooperative Programs (VPP, partnerships …)Cooperative Programs (VPP, partnerships …)

News Room (publications, news releases . . .)News Room (publications, news releases . . .)

Safety / Health Topics (technical links to Safety / Health Topics (technical links to various topics)various topics)

Statistics (Inspection data, BLS survey link ...)Statistics (Inspection data, BLS survey link ...)

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Where to Get OSHA StandardsWhere to Get OSHA Standards

Federal Register in public Federal Register in public libraries or at GPO web sitelibraries or at GPO web site

CD-ROM subscription through CD-ROM subscription through U.S. Government Printing Office U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO)(GPO)

Code of Federal Regulations Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in public libraries and (CFR) in public libraries and through GPOthrough GPO

OSHA web site - OSHA OSHA web site - OSHA standards, interpretations, standards, interpretations, directives (www.osha.gov)directives (www.osha.gov)

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Consultation AssistanceConsultation Assistance Provided at no cost Provided at no cost Developed for smaller employers with more Developed for smaller employers with more

hazardous operationshazardous operations Delivered by state government agencies or Delivered by state government agencies or

universities employing professional safety universities employing professional safety and health consultantsand health consultants

No penalties are proposed or citations No penalties are proposed or citations issuedissued

Possible violations of OSHA standards are Possible violations of OSHA standards are not reported to OSHA enforcement staff not reported to OSHA enforcement staff unless employer fails to eliminate or control unless employer fails to eliminate or control any serious hazard or imminent dangerany serious hazard or imminent danger

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OSHA Emergency Hot-LineOSHA Emergency Hot-Line1-800-321-OSHA1-800-321-OSHA

• Report workplace safety or health fatalities or the hospitalization of 3 or more employees• Report a workplace hazard• File a complaint about a workplace hazard • Request information on OSHA• Request an OSHA publication

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SummarySummary OSHA helps save lives and prevent injuriesOSHA helps save lives and prevent injuries

OSHA balances a cooperative approach OSHA balances a cooperative approach with traditional enforcementwith traditional enforcement

OSHA standards are the enforceable OSHA standards are the enforceable requirements for worker safety and healthrequirements for worker safety and health

Inspections are OSHA’s way to ensure Inspections are OSHA’s way to ensure compliancecompliance

OSHA offers various means of assistanceOSHA offers various means of assistance