(otba) fganh ikb&vk/kfjr ewy;kadu % fganh ^v* – ix / 3 reliable enterprises f r e e d o w n l...

eqDr ikB&vk/kkfjr ewY;kadueqDr ikB&vk/kkfjr ewY;kadu

1.

2.

cky&e”knwjh

2

10

eqDr ikB~; lkexzh

vkn'kZ iz'u ,oa muosQ mÙkj

laHkkfor iz'u ,oa muosQ mÙkj

eqDr ikB~; lkexzh



8

17

25

28

cky&ckfydkvksa dk vleku fyax vuqikr

CBSEOTBA

ts ine pan ekxZ] nfj;kxat] ubZ fnYyh-2/16, –110002

nwjHkk"k bZ&esyosclkbV %

: :9911 103 103, 011-30180040; [email protected]

fganh-II/2014

( – IX)l=k

d{kkfo"k;&lwph

ijvk/kfjr

(OTBA)

fjyk;cy baVjizkbtst(dkWUosaV ifCyosQ'ku dh vuq"kaxh iQeZ)

fjyk;cy

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1- cky&e”knwjh

eqDr ikB~; lkexzhizLrkouk

d{kk uoha esa fganh ^v* fo"k; osQ varxZr cky&e”knwjh dh leL;k ls lacaf/r dfork ^cPps dke ij tkjgs gSa* esa lqcg&lqcg NksVs cPpksa dks LowQy u tkdj dke ij tkus osQ fy, D;ksa ckè; gksuk iM+rk gS tSls iz'umBk, x, gSaA d{kk uoha eas fganh c* esa Hkh [kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* dfork esa va/sjh cncwnkj xfy;ksa eas cPpksa }kjkvxjcÙkh cukus tSls LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd dk;Z dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA bl vè;;u lkexzh esa ns'k esacky&Jfedksa osQ laca/ esa rF;kRed tkudkjh izLrqr dh xbZ gSA fofHkUu vk¡dM+ksa osQ lg;ksx ls fo|kFkhZ ns'k eascky&e”knwjh dh nj] f'k{kk] cPpksa osQ izfr gksus okys vijk/ dk rqyukRed vè;;u dj losaQxsA cky&Je ls tqM+sdkuwuksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxs rFkk mu ij ppkZ djsaxsA lkFk gh f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwu 2009 vkSj loZ f'k{kk vfHk;kutSlh ;kstuk,¡ ns'k eas cky&e”knwjh ls fuiVus osQ fy, D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSa bl ij fo|kFkhZ d{kk eas vkSj viusifjokj esa ppkZ djsaxsA bl izdkj os ,d ,slh lksp&le> osQ okgd cu losaQxs tks lekt esa laosnu'khy okrkoj.kcukus eas lgk;d fl¼ gks losQxhA

lkjka'kμvkt Hkkjr esa lkjh nqfu;k dh rqyuk esa lcls vf/d ;qok gSaA 0&14 vk;q osQ cPps ns'k dhoqQy tula[;k dk ,d&frgkbZ gSaA nqfu;k osQ 10&19 o"kZ osQ fd'kksj vkSj fd'kksfj;ksa dk ?kj Hkkjr gSA ,slsesa cPpksa dks ysdj cukbZ tkus okyh uhfr;k¡ vkSj dkuwuksa dks vkSj Hkh izHkko'kkyh cuk, tkus dh vko';drkgS D;ksafd vkt cPpksa dh f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj Hkkoh jks”kxkj laca/h pqukSfr;k¡ gekjs lkeus gSaA cPpksa osQ izfrgksus okys vijk/ksa osQ izfr laosnu'khy gksuk vfr vko';d gSA cPpksa osQ lkFk gksus okys ,sls gh ,d vijk/^cky&e”knwjh* osQ fo"k; esa ge ;gk¡ rF;kRed tkudkjh izLrqr dj jgs gSa rkfd vki Lo;a cPpksa osQvf/dkjksa dks tkusa] le>sa rFkk bl leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ fy, vius Lrj ij lrr~ iz;kljr jgsaA

vkt osQ cPps dy dk Hkfo"; gSaμbloDrO; dk Hkkjr osQ fy, fo'ks"k egÙo gSD;ksafd vkt ns'k esa fo'o dh rqyuk esa lclsvf/d ukStoku yksxksa dh tula[;k gSA ;wukbVsMus'kUl fpYMªUl iaQM (;wfulsiQ) dh fjiksVZLVsV vkWiQ n oYMZl~ fpYMªuμ2011 esa tkudkjhnh xbZ Fkh fd Hkkjr esa yxHkx 24 djksM+30 yk[k cPps ,sls gSa ftudh vk;q 10&19 o"kZgSA bl iafDr esa nwljk LFkku phu dk (20 djksM+70 yk[k)] rhljk LFkku vesfjdk dk (4 djksM+40 yk[k) vkSj pkSFks LFkku ij baMksusf'k;k vkSjikfdLrku nksuksa (4 djksM+ 10 yk[k) gSaA

eqDr ikB&vk/kfjr ewY;kadu % fganh ^v* – IX / 2


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cPPkksa osQ vf/dkjkas dks lacksf/r djrs gq, varjkZ"Vªh; etnwj laxBu us Hkh xaHkhjrk fn[kkrs gq, lu~ 2016 rdiwjh nqfu;k ls LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd ekus tkus okys O;olk;ksa ls cky&e”knwjh dks [kRe djus dk y{;fu/kZfjr fd;k gSA lkFk gh bl fn'kk esa rs”k xfr ls dke djus ij tksj fn;k x;k gSA fo'oHkj eas 12 twu dkscky&Je osQ f[kykiQ fo'o fnol euk;k tkrk gSA lu~ 2010 esa iwjh nqfu;k esa cky&e”knwjh dh nj esa dehns[kh xbZ gS] ysfdu blosQ ?kVus dh nj cgqr gh /heh gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr esa cky&e”knwjh dh nj ij D;k vlj gqvk gS\ dkuwu osQ vuqlkj fdl mez rdosQ cPpksa dks cky&Jfed dgk tkrk gS\ bl leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls dkuwu cuk, x, gSa\ D;kvkius v[+kckjksa] Vsyhfo”ku ;k fiQYeksa eas cky&Jfedksa dh O;Fkk dks i<+k ;k ns[kk gS\ vki vius fo|ky; ;k ?kjesa bl fo"k; ij ppkZ djsaA vius vè;kid vkSj ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa dh lgk;rk ls cky Je ls tqM+s dkuwuksa dhtkudkjh izkIr djsaA ge ;gk¡ oqQN rF; vkSj vk¡dM+s izLrqr dj jgs gSa ftlls vki Lo;a bl leL;k osQ izfrlaosnu'khy gksdj ,d lkFkZd lksp cuk losaQxsA

rkfydk 1-1 % 5&14 o"kZ osQ cPpksa esa cky&e”knwjh osQ tula[;k lacaf/r vk¡dM+k (djksM+ esa)

o"kZ tula[;k

1971 10753985

1981 13640870

1991 11285349

2001 12666377

2004&2005 (us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu] NSSO) 9075000

2009&2010 (us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu) 66ok¡ losZ 4983871

Hkkjr esa cPpksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dks ysdj le;≤ ij dne mBk, tkrs jgs gSaaA cky&Je fu"ks/,oa fofu;eu vf/fu;e] 1986] ca/qvk e”knwj iz.kkyh mUewyu vf/fu;e] 1976] loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku]f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwuμ2009 vkfn ns'k esa ekStwn gSa fdarq fofHkUu vk¡dM+ksa osQ lanHkZ esa cky&Jfedksa dhfLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k djuk vko';d gS ftlls lgh fn'kk esa iz;kl fd, tk losaQA vki cPpksa ls tqM+s dkuwuksa dhfoLr`r tkudkjh izkIr djsaA f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwu osQ fo"k; esa tkusaA


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rkfydk 1-2 % us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu] NSSO }kjk 2009&2010 esa 66osa nkSj osQ losZ esa fofHkUujkT;ksa ls izkIr 5&14 o"kZ osQ cky Jfedksa osQ vk¡dM+s izLrqr fd, x, gSaA

jkT; yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡ oqQy izfr'kr

vka/z izns'k 108923 125739 234662 4-71

vle 156488 32666 189154 3-80

fcgkj 235309 41213 276522 5-55

NÙkhlx<+ 4305 7321 11626 0-23

fnYyh 18576 0 18576 0-37

xqtjkr 166432 224255 390687 7-84

gfj;k.kk 50737 21459 72196 1-45

fgekpy izns'k 4456 2942 7398 0-15

tEew vkSj d'ehj 12413 16872 29285 0-59

>kj[kaM 67807 14661 82468 1-65

dukZVd 110589 115908 226497 4-54

osQjy 1182 1583 2765 0-06

eè; izns'k 149142 41875 191017 3-83

egkjk"Vª 120600 140073 260673 5-23

vksfM'kk 90912 43651 134563 2-70

iatkc 32466 16370 48836 0-98

jktLFkku 136239 269697 405936 8-14

rfeyukMq 3471 13880 17351 0-35

mÙkj izns'k 18029 9342 27371 0-55

mÙkjk[kaM 1160114 615219 1775333 35-62

if'pe caxky 389211 162373 551584 11-07

vf[ky Hkkjr 3057998 1925873 4983871 100-00


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rkfydk 1-3

izfr 1000 O;fDr;ksa ij fu;qDr cky Jfedksa dk foHkktu

vk;q (o"kZ esa) xzkeh.k 'kgjh oqQy

yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡ yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡ yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡

5&9 2 1 2 1 2 12004&2005

10&14 54 49 44 24 52 43

2009&20105&9 2 1 0 0 1 1

10&14 27 21 24 8 26 18

Ïksr % us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu] 2004&2005] 2009&2010 (Hkkjr esa jks”kxkj vkSj csjks”kxkjh dh fLFkfr)

lk{kj vkSj fuj{kj yksxksa dk izfr'kr (tux.kuk 2011) (fp=k 1-1)

35%

65%

26%

74%

2001 2011

fuj{kj

lk{kj


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rkfydk 1-4 % fofHkUu jkT;ksa eas lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) (tux.kuk 2011)

jkT; iq#"k efgyk oqQy

vka/z izns'k 75.56 59.74 67.66

vle 78.81 67.27 73.18

fcgkj 73.39 53.33 63.82

NÙkhlx<+ 81.45 60.59 71.04

fnYyh 91.03 80.93 86.34

xqtjkr 87.23 70.73 79.31

gfj;k.kk 85.38 66.77 76.64

fgekpy izns'k 90.83 76.60 83.78

tEew vkSj d'ehj 78.26 58.01 68.74

>kj[kaM 78.45 56.21 76.63

dukZVd 82.85 68.13 75.60

osQjy 96.02 91.98 93.91

eè; izns'k 80.53 60.02 70.63

egkjk"Vª 89.82 75.48 82.81

vksfM'kk 82.40 64.36 73.45

iatkc 81.48 71.34 76.68

jktLFkku 80.51 52.66 67.06

rfeyukMq 86.81 73.86 80.33

mÙkj izns'k 79.24 59.26 69.72

mÙkjk[kaM 88.33 70.70 79.63

if'pe caxky 82.67 71.16 77.08


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cky&e”knwjh esa yxs gq, cPps vizf'kf{kr dkexkj cudj jg tkrs gSaA vr% ,d le; osQ ckn buosQ ikl jks”kxkjosQ volj vkSj ekè;e cgqr gh lhfer jg tkrs gSaA ,sls esa 15 ls 29 o"kZ osQ ;qokvksa esa csjks”kxkjh laca/h vk¡dM+ksadks vkiosQ voyksdu osQ fy, izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA

15&29 o"kZ osQ ;qokvksa esa csjks”kxkjh dh fLFkfr ls lacaf/r vk¡dM+s (fp=k 1-2)

25

20

15

10

5

01992-94

A B C D1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10A A AB B BC C CD D D

A

B

C

D

9 11.1 12 10.9

7.6 10.6 12.7 12

13.7 14.7 13.7 10.5

21.2 19.1 21.5 18.9

xzkeh.k iq#"kxzkeh.k efgyk,¡'kgjh iq#"k'kgjh efgyk,¡

lu~ 2001 dh tux.kuk esa fn, x, vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj ns'k esa LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd ekus tkusokys O;olk;ksa esa yxs 5&14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa dk ikbZ&pkVZ izLrqrhdj.kA (fp=k 1-3)

?kjsyw dk;ks± esa<kcksa] gksVyksa] jsLrjka esa

vxjcÙkh] /wi]

fMVts±V cukus esa

iku] chM+h] flxjsV

cukus esa

cqukbZ

d<+kbZ esa

fuekZ.k dk;ks± esa

b±V osQ HkV~Vksa esa

vkHkw"k.k cukus esa

pVkbZ cukus esa

okguksa osQ lq/kjus esa

phuh feV~Vh dklkeku cukus esa

vU;

15% 6%

1%

20%

11%

17%

7%

3%

3%

4%

2%

11%

Ïksr % us'kuy lSEiy losZ


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vkidks ;g Hkh Kkr gksxk fd cPpksa osQ f[kykiQ gksus okys vijk/ksa esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gS tks ,d xaHkhj elykgSA 2010 esa us'kuy Økbe fjdkWMZ C;wjks osQ }kjk miyC/ djk, x, vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj cky&vijk/ dk jk"Vªh;vk¡dM+k 26,694 Fkk] tksfd 2011 esa c<+dj 33,098 gks x;k FkkA vr% cky vijk/ esa 24» o`f¼ ns[kh xbZ gSAblesa lcls vf/d cky&vijk/ izfr'kr mÙkj izns'k (16-6») dk gSA blosQ ckn] eè; izns'k (13-2»)] fnYyh(12-8»)] egkjk"Vª (10-2»)] fcgkj (6-7») vkSj vka/z izns'k (6-7») gSaA uhps izLrqr fd, x, ikbZ&pkVZ esa cPpksaosQ fo#¼ gksus okys fofHkUu vijk/ksa dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA (fp=k 1-4)

gR;k

'kkjhfjd 'kks"k.k

vigj.k

cPpksa dks vukFkNksM+ nsuk

ukckfyx yM+fd;ksadk 'kks"k.k

vU; vijk/

4.38%

21.48%

46.17%2.11%

2.60%

23.21%

cPpksa osQ f[kykiQ gksus okys vijk/

Ïksr % Økbe bu bafM;kμ2011] us'kuy Økbe fjdkWMZ C;wjks


fuEufyf[kr iz'u dk mÙkj nhft,μ (10 vad)iz'uμlHkh rkfydkvksa vkSj fp=kksa dks è;kuiwoZd le>sa vkSj crk,¡ fd oqQy feykdj ns'k esa

cky&e”knwjh dks ysdj oSQlh fLFkfr gS\ D;k fp=k 1-4 esa n'kkZ, x, vijk/ cky&e”knwjh djus okys cPpksaosQ lkFk ,d vke leL;k curs tk jgs gSa\ dkj.k crkrs gq, mÙkj nhft,A bl leL;k ls fuiVus eas f'k{kkD;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gS\

mÙkjμfiNys dbZ o"kks± osQ iz;kl rFkk fofHkUu naMkRed rFkk lq/kjkRed dkuwuksa ,oa fofu;euksa osQ ckotwn ns'kesa cky&e”knwjksa dh la[;k xaHkhj cuh gqbZ gSA o"kZ 1971 ls ysdj o"kZ 1981 rd] ,d n'kd eas] cky&e”knwjksa dhla[;k esa yxHkx 26» dh o`f¼ gqbZA vxys n'kd (1981&91) osQ nkSjku yxHkx bruh gh deh gqbZA iqu%1991&2001 osQ n'kd esa yxHkx 10&15» dh o`f¼ gqbZA o"kZ 1971&2001 rd osQ fiNys rhu n'kdksa osQ vk¡dM+ksaij xkSj djsa rks ns'k esa cky&e”knwjksa dh la[;k djksM+ esa FkhA igyh ckj 2004&05 esa ;g la[;k yk[kksa esa vkbZ tksns'k dh oqQy vkcknh dk 1&1-5» FkhA o"kZ 2004&2010 osQ nkSjku fofHkUu ljdkjh] xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa rFkklkekftd iz;klksa ls cky&e”knwjksa dh la[;k orZeku esa yxHkx vk/h (yxHkx 49 yk[k) jg xbZ gSA


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gkyk¡fd bu iz;klksa dk ldkjkRed izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gS] fdarq cky&e”knwjh dh leL;k dks [kRe djukvHkh Hkh ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gSA

rF; ,oa vk¡dM+s n'kkZrs gSa fd cPpksa osQ f[kykiQ gksus okys vijk/ksa esa vizR;kf'kr o`f¼ gqbZ gSA us'kuy ØkbefjdkWMZ C;wjks }kjk fd, x, losZ osQ vuqlkj fiNys ,d o"kZ (2010&11) esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij cky&vijk/ osQ ekeyksaesa djhcu 24» dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA cky&vijk/ osQ ekeys mÙkj izns'k esa lokZf/d ntZ fd, x, gSaA

cPpksa osQ 'kks"k.k ls lacaf/r vijk/ksa osQ ekeyksa esa 'kkjhfjd 'kks"k.k osQ ekeys lokZf/d (21-48») gSaA blosQckn vigj.k] gR;k] cPpksa dks vukFk NksM+ nsuk] ukckfyx yM+fd;ksa dk 'kks"k.k vkfn tSls ekeys vkrs gSaA

;fn ge buosQ dkj.kksa ij xkSj djrs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd xjhch ,oa vf'k{kk buesa izeq[k gSaA ftu jkT;ksa esa lk{kjrknj de gS ogk¡ cky&e”knwjh dh leL;k vf/d ns[kh xbZ gS tSlsμmÙkj izns'k] fcgkj] eè; izns'kA fdarq mPp lk{kjrknj okys jkT;ksa tSlsμfnYyh] egkjk"Vª] vka/z izns'k vkfn esa Hkh bl lkekftd oqQjhfr dk foÑr :i izHkkoh gSA xjhchosQ dkj.k ekrk&firk cPpksa dks LowQy u Hkstdj dke ij Hkst nsrs gSa rkfd vf/d&ls&vf/d e”knwjh izkIr dj?kj osQ [kpsZ dks pyk;k tk losQA rkRdkfyd vkenuh osQ ykyp esa bu cPpksa dk Hkfo"; va/dkje; gks tkrk gSAbruk gh ugha] fofHkUu [krjukd m|ksxksa@O;olk;ksa tSlsμvxjcÙkh] fMVjtSaV] iku] chM+h] flxjsV] b±V osQ HkV~Vs vkfnesa vLokLF;dj ekgkSy eas dke djus osQ dkj.k vkxs pydj bUgsa LokLF; laca/h xaHkhj leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djukiM+rk gSA bl rjg vle; gh buls budk cpiu Nhu fy;k tkrk gSA

vf'k{kk cky&e”knwjh gh ugha dbZ vU; leL;kvksa dh Hkh tuuh gSA okLro esa f'k{kk vk/kjHkwr vf/dkj ekukx;k gS rkfd O;fDr ,oa lekt osQ lexz fodkl ,oa l'kfDrdj.k tSls y{;ksa dks izkIr fd;k tk losQA blh mís';ls o"kZ 2009 esa ljdkj us f'k{kk dk vf/dkj vf/fu;e ikfjr fd;kA ^loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku* vkt ns'k esa dkiQhyksdfiz; gSA blosQ rgr 6&14 o"kZ rd osQ cPpksa dks eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk izko/ku fd;k x;k gSA vc osaQnz,oa jkT; ljdkjsa lHkh cPpksa dks vfuok;Z :i ls f'k{kk nsus osQ fy, ckè; gSaA

^f'k{kk dk vf/dkj vf/fu;e* osQ izHkko Hkh ldkjkRed gSaA vkt xjhc cPpksa] Jfedksa osQ cPpksa] cky&e”knwjksasvkfn osQ chp f'k{kk dh jks'kuh iSQykbZ tk jgh gSA vR;ar xjhc oxZ osQ ;s cPps /u ,oa bPNk'kfDr osQ vHkko easf'k{kk ls oafpr jg tkrs FksA ysfdu eqÝr ljdkjh f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk ls ;s cgqr vf/d ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA blosQizHkko dks cky&e”knwjksa dh la[;k esa vk jgh deh osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

ljdkj us cPpksa dks eè;kg~u Hkkstu fo|ky; esa miyC/ djkdj u osQoy xjhc ek¡&cki osQ vkfFkZd&ikfjokfjdcks> dks de fd;k cfYd mUgsa cPpksa dks LowQy Hkstus osQ fy, Hkh izsfjr fd;k gSA xjhc cPpksa osQ LowQy dh vksjvkdf"kZr gksus dks blosQ ldkjkRed izHkko osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

dbZ jkT;ksa eas ljdkjksa us mUgsa ekè;fed ,oa mPp ekè;fed f'k{kk dh vksj izsfjr djus osQ fy, oL=k] lkbfdy]ySiVkWi vkfn tSlh lqfo/k,¡ eqgS;k djokbZ gSaA bUgsa yksdfiz; ,oa vkd"kZd dne ekuk tk ldrk gSA ;fn LokLF;laca/h oqQN ;kstukvksa dks Hkh fo|ky; Lrj ij 'kq: fd;k tk, rks lgh vFkZ esa cPpksa osQ f'k{kk osQ lkFk lok±xh.kfodkl dh /kj.kk dks iq"V fd;k tk ldrk gS tks fd cky&e”knwjh ,oa vf'k{kk&xjhch tSlh leL;kvksa ij djkjhpksV gksxhA


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1. f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwu 2009 rFkk loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku osQ fo"k; esa lacaf/r tkudkjh izLrqrdhft,A

mÙkjμf'k{kk fdlh Hkh O;fDr ,oa lekt osQ lexz fodkl rFkk l'kfDrdj.k osQ fy, vk/kjHkwr ekSfydvf/dkj gSA blls lekt dk Hkh fodkl gksrk gSA cPpksa dks eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk nsus osQ fy, laln us o"kZ 2009esa f'k{kk dk vf/dkj vf/fu;e ikfjr fd;kA blosQ rgr Ng ls ysdj pkSng o"kZ rd osQ lHkh cPpksa osQ fy,f'k{kk dks iw.kZr% eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSA vc ;g osaQnz rFkk jkT;ksa osQ fy, dkuwuh ckè;rk gS fd eqÝr,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk lHkh cPpksa dks lqyHk gks losQA cPpksa rd ekè;fed rFkk mPp f'k{kk igq¡pkus osQ fy, ;gvf/fu;e ,d egÙoiw.kZ dne gSA bldk lokZf/d ykHk Jfedksa osQ cPps] cky&e”knwj] izoklh cPps ;k fiQjlkekftd] lkaLÑfrd] vkfFkZd] Hkk"kkbZ vFkok vU; dkj.kksa ls f'k{kk ls oafpr cPpksa dks feysxkA

loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku Hkkjr esa ftyk vk/kfjr ,d fof'k"V foosaQfnzr ;kstuk gSA blosQ ekè;e ls izkjafHkd f'k{kkosQ lkoZHkkSehdj.k dh ;kstuk gSA bl vfHk;ku osQ varxZr jkT;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls 6&14 vk;q&oxZ osQ lHkh cPpksadks 2010 rd izkjafHkd f'k{kk miyC/ djkus dk y{; j[kk x;k FkkA Hkkjr esa cPpksa dks lk{kj djus dh fn'kk esapyk, tk jgs dk;ZØeksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i o"kZ 2000 osQ var rd Hkkjr esa 94 izfr'kr xzkeh.k cPpksa dks muosQ vkoklls 1 fdeh- dh nwjh ij izkFkfed fo|ky; ,oa 3 fdeh- dh nwjh ij mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; dh lqfo/k,¡ miyC/FkhaA ,d vuqeku osQ vuqlkj o"kZ 2002&03 esa 6&14 vk;q&oxZ osQ 82 izfr'kr cPpksa us fofHkUu fo|ky;ksa eas ukekadufy;k FkkA bl vfHk;ku osQ mís'; Fksμ

(i) lHkh cPpksa osQ fy, o"kZ 2005 rd izkjafHkd fo|ky;] f'k{kk xkjaVh osaQnz] oSdfYid fo|ky; dhmiyC/rkA

(ii) lHkh cPps 2007 rd 5 o"kZ dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iwjh dj ysaA

(iii) lHkh cPps 2010 rd 8 o"kZ dh LowQyh f'k{kk iwjh dj ysaA

(iv) thouksi;ksxh f'k{kk dks fo'ks"k egÙo fn;k tkukA

(v) L=kh&iq#"k vlekurk rFkk lkekftd oxZ&Hksn dks lekIr djukA

(vi) o"kZ 2010 rd lHkh cPpksa dks fo|ky; esa cuk, j[kukA

2. cPpksa osQ fy, cukbZ tkus okyh uhfr;k¡ vkSj dkuwuksa dks vf/d izHkko'kkyh cuk, tkus dhvko';drk D;ksa gS\ vkt ns'k dks cPpksa ls lacaf/r fdu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS\

mÙkjμcPpksa osQ fy, cukbZ tkus okyh uhfr;k¡ vkSj dkuwuksa dks vf/d izHkko'kkyh cuk, tkus dh vko';drkblfy, gS] D;ksafd Hkkjr esa lkjh nqfu;k dh rqyuk esa lcls vf/d ;qok gSaA 0&14 vk;q osQ cPps ns'k dh oqQytula[;k dk ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk gSaA nqfu;k osQ 10&19 o"kZ osQ fd'kksj rFkk fd'kksfj;ksa dk ?kj Hkkjr gSA ;s ;qok oxZgh vkus okys le; eas ns'k dk Hkfo"; cusxkA vr% bl oxZ osQ fy, fo'ks"k iz;kl djuk vfr vko';d gSA


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vkt ns'k dks cPpksa ls lacaf/r vusd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA ftuesa cPpksa dh f'k{kk] LokLF;rFkk Hkkoh jkstxkj izeq[k gSaA ogha cPpksa osQ izfr vijk/ksa esa Hkh dkiQh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA bu vijk/ksa osQ izfr laosnu'khygksuk vfr vko';d gSA cPpksa osQ lkFk gksus okys vijk/ksa esa cky&e”knwjh Hkh izeq[k gSA ;g ,d ,slk vijk/ gStks ns'k osQ lkeus izeq[k pqukSrh cudj mHkjk gSA ogha bls lekIr djuk vR;ar vko';d gSA

3. vkt osQ cPps dy dk Hkfo"; gSaμbl oDrO; dk Hkkjr osQ fy, fo'ks"k egÙo D;ksa gS\ ;wfulsiQdh fjiksVZ esa D;k tkudkjh nh xbZ gS\ bl fjiksVZ esa vU; fdu ns'kksa osQ fo"k; esa D;k tkudkjh nh xbZ gS\

mÙkjμvkt osQ cPps dy dk Hkfo"; gSaμbl oDrO; dk Hkkjr osQ fy, fo'ks"k egÙo blfy, gS] D;ksafd vktHkkjr eas fo'o dh rqyuk esa lcls vf/d ukStokuksa dh tula[;k gSA

;wfulsiQ dh ,d fjiksVZ LVsV vkWiQ n oYMZl~ fpYMªuμ2011* esa ;g tkudkjh nh xbZ Fkh fd Hkkjr esa yxHkx24 djksM+ 30 yk[k cPps ,sls gSa ftudh vk;q 10&19 o"kZ gSA

bl fjiksVZ esa phu] vesfjdk] baMksusf'k;k rFkk ikfdLrku osQ fo"k; esa ;g tkudkjh nh xbZ gS fd 10&19 o"kZvk;q osQ cPpksa dh tula[;k dh n`f"V ls phu dk nwljk LFkku (20 djksM+ 70 yk[k), vesfjdk dk rhljk LFkku(4 djksM+ 40 yk[k) rFkk baMksusf'k;k vkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa dk lfEefyr :i ls pkSFkk LFkku (4 djksM+ 10 yk[k) gSA

4. varjkZ"Vªh; e”knwj laxBu us lu~ 2016 rd osQ fy, dkSu&lk y{; fu/kZfjr fd;k gS\ cPpksa osQLokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd O;olk; dkSu&dkSu ls gks ldrs gSa\ mnkgj.k nsdj Li"V dhft,A

mÙkjμvarjkZ"Vªh; e”knwj laxBu us lu~ 2016 rd iwjh nqfu;k ls LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd ekus tkus okysO;olk;ksa ls cky&e”knwjh dks [kRe djus dk y{; fu/kZfjr fd;k gSA lkFk gh bl fn'kk esa rst xfr ls dke djusij tksj fn;k x;k gSA fo'oHkj esa 12 twu dks cky&Je osQ f[kykiQ fo'o fnol euk;k tkrk gSA lu~ 2010 esaiwjh nqfu;k esa cky&e”knwjh dh nj esa deh ns[kh xbZ gS] ysfdu blosQ ?kVus dh nj cgqr gh /heh gSA cPpksa osQLokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd O;olk; fuEufyf[kr gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) iku] chM+h] flxjsV vkfn ls lacaf/r O;olk;A

(ii) vxjcÙkh] /wi] fMVts±V vkfn ls lacaf/r O;olk;A

(iii) <kcs] gksVy] jsLrjka vkfn ls lacaf/r O;olk;A

(iv) ?kjsyw dk;Z (fdlh ?kj esa ukSdj osQ :i esa dk;Zjr)A

(v) phuh feV~Vh dk lkeku cukus dk O;olk;A

(vi) okguksa dks lq/kjus] mudh lkiQ&liQkbZ djus ls lacaf/r O;olk;A

(vii) b±V fuekZ.k O;olk;A

(viii) pVkbZ] ydM+h dk lkeku cukus dk O;olk;A

(ix) vkHkw"k.k O;olk;A

(x) iVk[kk O;olk;A


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gekjs ?kj osQ ikl ,d xjhc cPpk <kcs ij dke djrk FkkA oqQN le; ckn irk pyk fd ranwj osQ /q,¡ osQdkj.k mls lk¡l dh chekjh gks xbZ FkhA

5. lu~ 2001 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa cky&e”knwjh dh nj ij D;k vlj gqvk gS\ D;k vkiuscky&Jfedksa dh O;Fkk dks i<+k ;k ns[kk gS\ ;g lc tkudj vkidks oSQlk yxk\ vius 'kCnksa esa O;Drdhft,A bl leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, cuk, x, fdlh ,d dkuwu dk uke fyf[k,A

mÙkjμlu~ 2001 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa cky&e”knwjh dh nj esa dkiQh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA lu~ 2001 esa tgk¡cky&e”knwjksa dh tula[;k dk vk¡dM+k 1,26,66,377 Fkk] rks ogha 2004&05 esa ;g vk¡dM+k ?kVdj 90,75,000

jg x;kA 2009&10 esa blesa vkSj fxjkoV vkbZ rFkk ;g 49,83,871 ij igq¡p x;kA gk¡] geus cky&Jfedksa dh O;Fkkdks i=k&if=kdkvksa] v[kckjksa vkfn eas i<+k gSA ogha Vsyhfotu ;k fiQYeksa esa ns[kk gS fd fdl izdkj NksVs&NksVs cPpksadk cpiu Nhudj mUgsa [krjukd dkeksa esa /osQy fn;k tkrk gSA fdl izdkj bu cPpkas dks de iSlk nsdjvf/d&ls&vf/d dke fy;k tkrk gSA ogha dke osQ lkFk&lkFk budk 'kks"k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA ;s cPps ftuO;olk;ksa esa dk;Zjr gSa] os buosQ fy, LokLF; dh n`f"V ls cM+s gh ?kkrd gSa] ysfdu bl vksj dksbZ è;ku ughansrk gSA

bu cPpksa dh bl ihM+k dks ns[kdj rFkk tkudj gesa cgqr vf/d nq[k gqvkA gekjs eu esa rjg&rjg osQ iz'umBus yxs fd bu cPpksa dks fdl ckr dh ltk nh tk jgh gS\ buls budk cpiu D;ksa Nhuk tk jgk gS\ D;k cPpksadh t:jr dh phtsa ugha jgh gSa\ D;k buosQ i<+us osQ fy, cus LowQy u"V gks x, gSa\ vxj ugha rks buosQ lkFkcky&e”knwjh tSlk f?kukSuk vijk/ D;ksa fd;k tk jgk gS\

bl leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, vusd dkuwu cuk, x, gSa] ftuesa ls cky&Je fu"ks/ ,oa fofu;eu vf/fu;e]1986* izeq[k gSA

6. Hkkjr eas cPpksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dks ysdj cuk, x, dkuwuksa osQ uke fyf[k,A f'k{kkdk vf/dkj dkuwu osQ fo"k; esa laf{kIr tkudkjh izzLrqr dhft,A D;k blls cky&e”knwjh dh fn'kk esa oqQNlq/kj gq, gSa\

mÙkjμHkkjr eas cPpksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dks ysdj cuk, x, dkuwuksa esa ^cky&Je fu"ks/ ,oafofu;eu vf/fu;e] 1986*] ^ca/qvk e”knwj iz.kkyh mUewyu vf/fu;e] 1976*] loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku] f'k{kk dkvf/dkj dkuwu] 2009 vkfn izeq[k gSaA

f'k{kk fdlh Hkh O;fDr ,oa lekt osQ lexz fodkl rFkk l'kfDrdj.k osQ fy, vk/kjHkwr ekSfyd vf/dkjgSA blls lekt dk Hkh fodkl gksrk gSA cPpksa dks eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk nsus osQ fy, laln us o"kZ 2009 eas f'k{kkdk vf/dkj vf/fu;e ikfjr fd;k gSA blosQ rgr Ng ls pkSng o"kZ rd osQ lHkh cPpksa osQ fy, f'k{kk dks iw.kZr%eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSA vc ;g osaQnz rFkk jkT;ksa osQ fy, dkuwuh ckè;rk gS fd eqÝr ,oa vfuok;Zf'k{kk lHkh cPpksa dks lqyHk gks losQA cPpksa rd ekè;fed rFkk mPp f'k{kk dks igq¡pkus osQ fy, ;g vf/fu;e,d egÙoiw.kZ dne gSA

blls cky&e”knwjh dh fn'kk esa dkiQh lq/kj gqvk gSA vkt f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwu osQ dkj.k vusd xjhccPpksa] Jfedksa osQ cPpksa] cky&e”knwjksa vkfn dks f'k{kk izkIr gks jgh gSA ;s oxZ ,slk oxZ Fkk] tks #i;k [kpZ djosQf'k{kk izkIr ugha dj ik jgk FkkA ysfdu ljdkj }kjk eqÝr f'k{kk fn, tkus ls ;s ykHkkafor gq, gSaA f'k{kk izkIr gksusosQ dkj.k vusd cPps cky&e”knwjh NksM+dj f'kf{kr gks jgs gSaA


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7. us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu (NSSO) }kjk lu~ 2009&2010 esa cky Jfedksa dks ysdj fd, x,losZ esa fdl jkT; esa cky Jfedksa dk izfr'kr lcls de vkSj fdl jkT; esa lcls vf/d Fkk\ yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa rFkk oqQy Jfedksa dh la[;k fdruh Fkh\ vkiosQ fopkj ls blosQ D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\

mÙkjμus'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu (NSSO) }kjk lu~ 2009&2010 esa cky Jfedksa dks ysdj fd, x,losZ esa osQjy jkT; esa cky Jfedksa dk izfr'kr lcls de (0-06 izfr'kr) vkSj mÙkjk[kaM jkT; esa lcls vf/d(35-62 izfr'kr) FkkA osQjy esa yM+dksa dh la[;k 1182 rFkk yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k 1583 FkhA ogha oqQy cky Jfedksadh la[;k 2765 FkhA nwljh rjiQ mÙkjk[kaM eas yM+dksa dh la[;k 11,60,114 rFkk yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k 6,15,219

FkhA ogha oqQy cky Jfed 17,75,333 FksA

osQjy esa cky Jfedksa dk izfr'kr lcls de gksus esa ogk¡ osQ yksxksa osQ lk{kj gksus dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA osQjyesa vf/drj yksx lk{kj gSa vkSj os vius cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsrs gSaaA ;gk¡ xjhch dk de gksukHkh cky Jfedksa dh la[;k de gksus dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA ;gk¡ dh izfr O;fDr vk; Hkh vPNh gS ftl dkj.kcPpksa dks dke djus dh t:jr ugha iM+rhA ;gk¡ osQ yksx jkstxkj dh n`f"V ls Hkh dkiQh vkxs gSaA

mÙkjk[kaM esa cky Jfedksa dh la[;k vf/d gksus osQ fy, izfr O;fDr vk; lkekU; gksuk rFkk xjhch izeq[k dkj.kgSaA igkM+h {ks=k gksus osQ dkj.k ;gk¡ jkstxkjksa dh deh gS ftl dkj.k cPps Hkh NksVs&eksVs dkeksa eas yx tkrs gSaA devk;q esa gh mudh f'k{kk NwV tkrh gS vkSj os cky&e”knwjh osQ f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA

8. lu~ 2004&2005 esa izfr 1000 O;fDr;ksa ij fu;qDr 10&14 o"kZ osQ cky Jfedksa dh la[;kxzkeh.k {ks=k esa fdruh Fkh\ buesa fdrus yM+osQ rFkk fdruh yM+fd;k¡ Fkha\ ogha lu~ 2009&2010 esa ;gla[;k fdruh jg xbZ\ 'kgjh {ks=k esa ;s vk¡dM+k de D;ksa gS\

mÙkjμlu~ 2004&2005 esa izfr 1000 O;fDr;ksa ij fu;qDr 10&14 o"kZ osQ cky Jfedksa dh la[;k xzkeh.k{ks=k esa 103 FkhA buesa 54 yM+osQ rFkk 49 yM+fd;k¡ FkhaA ogha lu~ 2009&2010 esa ;g la[;k 48 jg xbZ] ftlesa27 yM+osQ rFkk 21 yM+fd;k¡ FkhaA

'kgjh {ks=k esa ;s vk¡dM+k de blfy, gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ xk¡oksa dh vis{kk xjhch de gSA ogha 'kgjh yksx cPpksadh f'k{kk dks Hkh dkiQh egÙo nsrs gSaA 'kgjksa esa cky&e”knwjh osQ fo#¼ cuk, x, dkuwuksa dk Mj Hkh yksxksa esajgrk gSA

9. lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa fdrus izfr'kr yksx lk{kj rFkk fuj{kj gSa\ lclsvf/d lk{kjrk nj fdl jkT; dh gS\ lcls de lk{kjrk nj okys rhu jkT; crkb,A bu jkT;ksa dhlk{kjrk nj de gksus osQ dkj.kksa dh leh{kk dhft,A

mÙkjμlu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa 74 izfr'kr yksx lk{kj rFkk 26 izfr'kr yksx fuj{kj gSaA

lcls vf/d lk{kjrk nj (93-91) osQjy dh gSA ;gk¡ iq#"k lk{kjrk nj 96-02 rFkk efgyk lk{kjrk nj91-98 gSA

lcls de lk{kjrk nj okys rhu jkT; fcgkj (63-82)] jktLFkku (67-06) rFkk vka/z izns'k (67-66) gSaA

bu jkT;ksa esa lk{kjrk nj de gksus osQ dbZ dkj.k gSa] ftuesa xjhch izeq[k gSA xjhch osQ dkj.k cPpksa dks i<+k;k&fy[kk;k ugha tkrk gSA ogha ekrk&firk dh csjkstxkjh osQ dkj.k Hkh cPps cky&e”knwjh dk f'kdkj gksdj f'k{kk ls


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oafpr jg tkrs gSaA vk/kjHkwr lajpuk] tSlsμLowQy] f'k{kd vkfn dh deh osQ dkj.k Hkh lk{kjrk nj esa deh vkbZgSA lkFk gh yksxksa esa f'k{kk osQ izfr tkx:drk u gksus osQ dkj.k Hkh lk{kjrk nj de gSA

10. rkfydk 1-4 osQ vuqlkj fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa iq#"k lk{kjrk nj rFkk efgyk lk{kjrk nj esa varj dhD;k fLFkfr gS\ lcls vf/d varj fdl jkT; esa gS\ ns'k esa bl varj osQ eq[; dkj.k dkSu&dkSu ls gksldrs gSa\ efgykvksa dh f'k{kk ij de è;ku nsuk fdl izdkj vuqfpr gS\

mÙkjμfofHkUu jkT;ksa esa iq#"k lk{kjrk nj rFkk efgyk lk{kjrk nj esa dkiQh varj gSA osQjy dks NksM+dj lHkhjkT;ksa esa bl nj esa dkiQh varj gSA fcgkj] NÙkhlx<+] gfj;k.kk] tEew vkSj d'ehj] >kj[kaM] eè; izns'k] vksfM'kk]jktLFkku] mÙkj izns'k rFkk mÙkjk[kaM tSls jkT;ksa esa rks ;s varj cgqr vf/d gSA

lcls vf/d varj jktLFkku esa gSA ns'k esa bl varj osQ eq[; dkj.k fuEu gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) efgykvksa osQ fy, f'k{kk dks vko';d u le>ukA

(ii) efgykvksa ij dbZ izdkj osQ ca/u gksukA

(iii) efgykvksa ij ?kjsyw dk;ks± dk cks>A

(iv) efgykvksa dks iq#"kksa osQ leku u ekuukA

(v) efgykvksa osQ izfr vlqj{kk dh HkkoukA

efgykvksa dh f'k{kk ij de è;ku nsuk iw.kZr% vuqfpr gSA efgyk,¡ Hkh iq#"kksa dh Hkk¡fr ifjokj] lekt rFkk jk"VªosQ fy, cjkcj dk egÙo j[krh gSaA os iq#"kksa osQ leku gh lHkh dk;ks± esa ;ksxnku ns ldrh gSaA muosQ fcuk thoudh dYiuk djuk ,d Hkze gh gSA

11. lu~ 1999&2000 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2009&2010 esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iq#"k csjkstxkjh (15&29 o"kZ)esa deh D;ksa vkbZ gS\ ogha efgyk csjkstxkjh c<+us dk dkj.k D;k gS\ 15&29 o"kZ osQ ;qok vf/d la[;keas csjkstxkj D;ksa gks tkrs Fks\ 'kgjh {ks=k esa bl vk;q&oxZ dh csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr esa lq/kj osQ D;kdkj.k gSa\

mÙkjμlu~ 1999&2000 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2009&2010 esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iq#"k csjkstxkjh (15&29 o"kZ) esadeh jkstxkj osQ volj c<+us osQ dkj.k vkbZ gksxhA ogha 'kgjh {ks=kksa eas jkstxkj c<+us dk izHkko Hkh xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ijiM+k vkSj ;gk¡ jkstxkj esa o`f¼ gqbZA

efgyk csjkstxkjh c<+us dk laHkkfor dkj.k iq#"kksa dk jkstxkj c<+uk gks ldrk gS] D;ksafd tc iq#"kksa dks i;kZIrjkstxkj feyus yxk rks efgykvksa us dke djus dh ctk; vius ?kjsyw dkeksa dks izkFkfedrk nh gksxhA

15&29 o"kZ osQ ;qok vf/d la[;k eas csjkstxkj blfy, gks tkrs gSa] D;ksafd cky&e”knwjh esa yxs gq, cPpsvizf'kf{kr dkexkj cudj jg tkrs gSaA vr% ,d le; osQ ckn buosQ ikl jkstxkj osQ volj vkSj ekè;e cgqr ghlhfer jg tkrs gSaA 'kgjh {ks=k esa bl vk;q&oxZ dh csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr esa lq/kj dk izeq[k dkj.k u,&u, jkstxkjosQ volj miyC/ gksuk gSA 'kgjksa eas ;qokvksa osQ ikl vusd {ks=kksa eas dke djus osQ volj gksrs gSaA ogha 'kgjksa esaf'k{kk dks Hkh vf/d egÙo fn;k tkrk gS ftl dkj.k ;qok oxZ i<+&fy[kdj jkstxkjijd dk;ks± esa yx tkrk gSA'kgjksa dk ;qok oxZ Lo;a dk O;olk; Hkh vklkuh ls dj ysrk gS vkSj jkstxkj izkIr djrk gSA


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12. Hkkjr esa ,sls dkSu&dkSu ls O;olk; gSa] tks muesa yxs 5&14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa osQ LokLF;osQ fy, gkfudkjd gSa\ buesa ls fdu nks O;olk;ksa esa lcls vf/d cPps dk;Zjr gSa\ iku] chM+h rFkk flxjsVcukus dk O;olk; cPpksa osQ fy, fdl izdkj ?kkrd gS\

mÙkjμHkkjr esa ,sls dbZ O;olk; gSa] tks muesa yxs 5&14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa osQ LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjdgSa] ftuesa ls izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

(i) <kcksa] gksVyksa rFkk jsLrjka O;olk;A

(ii) vxjcÙkh] /wi] fMVts±V cukus dk O;olk;A

(iii) iku] chM+h] flxjsV vkfn dk O;olk;A

(iv) cqukbZ] d<+kbZ vkfn dk O;olk;A

(v) fuekZ.k dk;ks± (Hkou vkfn) ls lacaf/r O;olk;A

(vi) b±V vkfn osQ fuekZ.k laca/h O;olk;A

(vii) vkHkw"k.k fuekZ.k laca/h O;olk;A

(viii) okguksa dks lq/kjus dk O;olk;A

(ix) phuh feV~Vh dh oLrq,¡ cukus dk O;olk;A

(x) iVk[kk fuekZ.k laca/h O;olk;A

(xi) ?kjsyw dk;ZA

iku] chM+h rFkk flxjsV fuekZ.k O;olk; vkSj fuekZ.k dk;ks± esa lcls vf/d cPps dk;Zjr gSaA

iku] chM+h rFkk flxjsV cukus dk O;olk; cPpksa osQ fy, vR;ar ?kkrd gSA bl O;olk; esa dk;Zjr cPpksa dksvusd izdkj dh chekfj;k¡ gks tkrh gSaA ogha mUgas NksVh vk;q esa budh yr yx tkrh gSA bu eknd inkFkks± dk lsoudjosQ os xyr dk;ks± esa fyIr gks tkrs gSaA

13. lu~ 2010 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2011 esa cky vijk/ dk jk"Vªh; vk¡dM+k fdruk c<+k gS\ lclsvf/d cky vijk/ izfr'kr fdl jkT; dk gS\ bldk D;k dkj.k gks ldrk gS\ cky vijk/ dh izeq[kJsf.k;k¡ dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\ buesa vigj.k dk izfr'kr lcls vf/d gksus dk D;k dkj.k gS\

mÙkjμlu~ 2010 esa us'kuy Økbe fjdkWMZ C;wjks osQ }kjk miyC/ djk, x, vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj cky vijk/dk jk"Vªh; vk¡dM+k 26]694 Fkk] tksfd lu~ 2011 esa c<+dj 33]098 gks x;kA vr% cky vijk/ esa 24» o`f¼ns[kh xbZA

lcls vf/d cky vijk/ izfr'kr mÙkj izns'k (16-6») dk gSA bldk dkj.k xjhch] csjkstxkjh] vf'k{kk vkfngks ldrs gSaA buosQ dkj.k yksx cPpksa osQ izfr vijk/ksa dks vatke nsrs gSaA ykyp rFkk xyr ekufldrk osQ dkj.kHkh bu vijk/ksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA vigj.k tSls oqQÑR;ksa dh o`f¼ osQ ihNs Hkh ykyp gh izeq[k gksrk gSA vf/d&ls&vf/d iSlk dekus dh pkg esa yksx bl rjg osQ vijk/ djrs gSaA


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cky vijk/ dh izeq[k Jsf.k;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

(i) 'kkjhfjd 'kks"k.k

(ii) gR;k

(iii) vigj.k

(iv) cPpksa dks vukFk NksM+ nsuk

(v) ukckfyx yM+fd;ksa dk 'kks"k.k

(vi) vU; vijk/

buesa vigj.k dk izfr'kr lcls vf/d gksus dk dkj.k yksxkssa dk vklkuh ls /u dekus dh pkg gSA blh dkj.kcM+s&cM+s yksxksa] m|ksxifr;ksa] e'kgwj gfLr;ksa vkfn osQ cPpksa dk vigj.k djosQ cnys esa eksVh /u jkf'k ek¡xh tkrhgSA ogha vigj.k djosQ viuh dksbZ vU; ek¡x Hkh iwjh djkbZ tkrh gSA

14. ns'k esa cky&e”knwjh dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ cky&e”knwjh dh leL;k lekt rFkk jk"Vª osQ fy, fdlizdkj ?kkrd gS\ bls de djus ;k lekIr djus esa f'k{kk dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS\

mÙkjμns'k esa cky&e”knwjh dh fLFkfr dkiQh fodV gSA us'kuy lSEiy losZ laxBu (NSSO) }kjk 2009&2010esa 66osa nkSj osQ losZ esa fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls izkIr 5&14 o"kZ osQ cky Jfedksa osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj vf[ky Hkkjresa 49]83]871 cky Jfed gSa] ftuesa 30,57,998 yM+osQ rFkk 19,25,873 yM+fd;k¡ gSaA tgk¡ osQjy tSls jkT; esabu cky Jfedksa dh la[;k dkiQh de gS rks mÙkjk[kaM tSls jkT; esa ;g vk¡dM+k dkiQh vf/d gSA f'k{kk osQ {ks=kesa lq/kj osQ lkFk&lkFk cky Jfedksa dh la[;k eas oqQN deh vkbZ gSA ogha cPpksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dksysdj cky&Je fu"ks/ ,oa fofu;eu vf/fu;e] 1986*] ca/qvk e”knwj iz.kkyh mUewyu vf/fu;e] 1976*] loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku*] ^f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwu] 2009* vkfn ns'k esa ekStwn gSaA

cky&e”knwjh dh leL;k lekt rFkk jk"Vª osQ fy, vR;ar ?kkrd gSA ftldk dkj.k ;g gS fd cPps gh fdlhlekt ;k jk"Vª dk Hkfo"; gksrs gSaA os vkus okys le; esa ns'k osQ ftEesokj ukxfjd curs gSaA ;fn os cPps cky&e”knwjhdk f'kdkj cu tk,¡xs] fiQj ns'k dk Hkfo"; fdlosQ gkFk gksxk\ cky&e”knwjh osQ dkj.k cPps lekt esa fiNM+ tk,¡xsvkSj ,d le; ,slk vk,xk tc os csjkstxkjh dk f'kdkj gksaxsA

cky&e”knwjh dks de djus ;k lekIr djus esa f'k{kk dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA ;fn cPpksa dks mfprf'k{kk nh tk, rks os cky&e”knwjh ls cp ldrs gSaA ogha ;fn ek¡&cki i<+s&fy[ks gksa rks os cPpksa dh f'k{kk dh rjiQè;ku nsaxs] mUgsa cky&e”knwjh dh nyny esa ugha /osQysaxsA f'k{kk osQ ekè;e ls cPpksa rFkk ek¡&cki dks ;s le> vktk,xk fd cPpksa osQ fy, cky&e”knwjh mfpr ugha gSA f'kf{kr O;fDr dks cky&e”knwjh osQ fo#¼ cus dkuwuksa dkHkh Hk; jgsxkA


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2- ckyd&ckfydkvksa dk vleku fyax vuqikr

eqDr ikB~; lkexzhizLrkouk

d{kk uoha esa fganh ^v* fo"k; osQ varxZr lekt esa efgykvksa dh f'k{kk vkSj fookg osQ lanHkZ esa :f<+oknhekufldrk dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl vè;;u esa lekt eas yM+fd;ksa dh ?kVrh tula[;k] LokLF; vkSj f'k{kkdks la[;kRed rF;ksa osQ lanHkZ esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gS ftlls f'k{kkFkhZ vius dkS'ky ls vè;;u djsa] fo'ys"k.k djsavkSj bl fo"k; ij KkuktZu djosQ ,d ,slh lksp&le> osQ okgd cusa tks lekt eas laosnu'khy okrkoj.k cukus easlgk;d fl¼ gks losQA

lkjka'kμ^;=k uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs jeUrs r=k nsork* vFkkZr~ tgk¡ ukjh dh iwtk dh tkrh gS ogk¡ nsorkvksadk okl gksrk gSA ysfdu bl ckr dks lekt us dnkfpr vHkh tkuk ugha gSA yM+fd;ksa dh ?kVrh la[;k lektosQ ,d ,sls i{k dks mtkxj djrh gS tks yM+fd;ksa osQ izfr yksxksa osQ nwljs ntsZ osQ O;ogkj dk ifjpk;dgSA ysfdu bl fo"k; dks vkiosQ vè;;u gsrq D;ksa izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS\ ;k fiQj yM+fd;ksa dh la[;kde gksus ls vkf[kj D;k iQoZQ iM+rk gS\ ,slh dkSu&lh leL;k,¡ gSa tks yM+fd;ksa osQ ?kVrs tula[;k vuqikrdk ifj.kke gSa\ bu iz'uksa ij vki vius fo|ky; esa] vius ifjokj esa ppkZ djsaA ;gk¡ vkiosQ le{k fLFkfrdh xaHkhjrk dks le>us osQ fy, rF;kRed tkudkjh izLrqr dh tk jgh gS] ftlls vki bl leL;k dhHk;kogrk dks le>sa] tkusa vkSj bl fn'kk esa lq/kj osQ fy, xfr'khy gks losaQA

tux.kuk&2011 ls izkIr urhtksa ls Li"V gks pqdk gS fd fiNys ,dn'kd esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa dh tula[;k esa deh gqbZ gS ysfdu ;fnyM+dksa dh rqyuk esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k dks ns[kk tk, rks budh la[;kesa T;knk fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ gSA yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k esa yxHkx 30 yk[kdh ?kVkSrh gqbZ gS tks fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls Bhd ugha gSA 0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksaosQ fyax vuqikr esa tks varj vk;k gS mlls irk pyrk gS fd yM+fd;ksaosQ izfr vkt Hkh lekt esa iwokZxzgxzflr nksgjh ekufldrk gSA

lu~ 2011 esa gqbZ iaægoha jk"Vªh; tux.kuk esa fn, x, vk¡dM+ksa dks ns[ksaA

rkfydk 1-1 % tula[;k (djksM+ksa esa)

2001 2011 varj

Hkkjr 102.9 121.0 18.1

xzkeh.k 74.3 83.3 9.0

'kgjh 28.6 37.7 9.1

Ïksr % www.censusindia.gov.in


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rkfydk 1-2 % fyax vuqikr (izfr 1000 iq#"kksa ij efgykvksa dh la[;k)

2001 2011 varj

Hkkjr 933 940 + 7

xzkeh.k 946 947 + 1

'kgjh 900 926 + 26

0-6 o"kZ

Hkkjr 927 914 – 13

xzkeh.k 934 919 – 15

'kgjh 906 902 – 4


rkfydk 1-3

tux.kuk 0-6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa dh oqQy tula[;k oqQy tula[;k esa 0-6 o"kZo"kZ tula[;k 2001-2011 (djksM+ esa) cPpksa dk oqQy tula[;k

(djksM+ esa) eas Hkkx (izfr'kr esa)

oqQy yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡ oqQy yM+osQ yM+fd;k¡

2001 163.84 85.01 78.83 1028.74 532.2 496.54 15.93 15.97 15.88

2011 158.79 82.95 75.84 1210.19 623.72 586.47 13.1 13.3 12.9

Ïksr % tux.kuk 2011] Hkkjr] vkWfiQl vkWiQ jftLVªkj tujy bafM;k

xzkiQ 1-1 % Hkkjr esa fyax vuqikr dk pyu (1961&2011)

990980970960950940930920910900890880

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

lHkh vk;q lewg0&6 o"kZ

976

964945 940

914

927934930

962

941933

927


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rkfydk 1.4 : 0-6 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k < 900

jkT;@osaQæ 'kkflr izns'k 0-6 o"kZ (izfr 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa)

gfj;k.kk 830

iatkc 846

tEew vkSj d'ehj 859

fnYyh 866

paMhx<+ 867

jktLFkku 883

egkjk"Vª 883

mÙkjk[kaM 886

xqtjkr 886

mÙkj izns'k 899

rkfydk 1.5 : 0-6 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k > = 950

jkT;@osaQæ 'kkflr izns'k 0-6 o"kZ (izfr 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa)

fe”kksje 971

es?kky; 970

vaMeku&fudksckj }hi lewg 966

NÙkhlx<+ 964

v#.kkpy izns'k 960

vle 959

f=kiqjk 953

if'pe caxky 950

fgekpy izns'k 906

rkfydk 1-4 vkSj 1-5 Ïksr % tux.kuk 2011] Hkkjr] vkWfiQl vkWiQ jftLVªkj tujy bafM;k


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vkidks ;g Hkh Kkr gksxk fd ns'k esa ,sls Hkh jkT; gSa tgk¡ 0-6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa dk fyax vuqikr cgqr vPNkgSA osQjy vkSj iqnqPpsjh esa izfr 1000 yM+dksa ij Øe'k% 1084 vkSj 1038 yM+fd;k¡ gSaA osQjy jkT; dk ekWMy iwjsns'k osQ fy, ,d mnkgj.k gSA ;gk¡ u osQoy fyax vuqikr cfYd cPpksa dh f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; dks ysdj Hkh lclsvPNh fLFkfr gSA vkf[kj osQjy us ,slh dkSu&lh uhfr;k¡ viukbZ gSa ftlls ;g jkT; ,d vkn'kZ cu x;k gS\ vkitkuus dk iz;kl djsaA

lu~ 2008&2010 esa lSEiy jftLVªs'ku flLVe] vkWfiQl vkWiQ jftLVªkj tujy vkWiQ bafM;k }kjk ns'k esa cPpksaosQ tUe osQ le; esa fyax vuqikr osQ laca/ esa losZ fd;k x;k Fkk ftlesa izkarokj izfr 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyukesa tUe ysus okyh yM+fd;ksa dk vuqikr iatkc esa (832)] gfj;k.kk esa (848)] osQjy esa (966) vkSj NÙkhlx<+esa (985) ik;k x;k FkkA ;g vleku vuqikr ns'k esa gksus okys dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k tSls f?kukSus vijk/ osQ laca/ easHk;kud fLFkfr dk laosQr nsrk gSA lkFk gh ;g jk"Vª dh mUufr esa fo"ke fLFkfr dk ifjpk;d gSA vkils ;g vkxzgfd;k tkrk gS fd vki vius fo|ky; vkSj ?kj esa bl fo"k; ij ppkZ&ifjppkZ djsa fd vkf[kj yM+fd;ksa dh tUenj de D;ksa gks jgh gS\

tUe nj osQ ckn f'k'kq eR;q nj osQ laca/ esa vk¡dM+s D;k dgrs gSa] bldh tkudkjh Hkh ;gk¡ izLrqr dh tk jgh gSA

xzkiQ 1-2 % f'k'kq e`R;q nj laca/h vk¡dM+s

100806040200

1990 1994 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

yM+fd;k¡yM+osQ

817873 75

6457 5956 5655 55 52 52 49 4946

xzkiQ 1-3 % f'k'kq e`R;q nj 'kgj vkSj xk¡oksa esa

100806040200

1990 1994 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

xzkeh.k'kgjh

86

50

80

5266

38

62

39

61

37

58

36

55

34

51

31

Ïksr % tux.kuk] Hkkjr] vkWfiQl vkWiQ jftLVªkj tujy bafM;k

iaægoha tux.kuk 2011 esa ns'k esa lk{kjrk laca/h tkudkjh miyC/ djkbZ xbZ FkhA vxz i`"B ij nh xbZ rkfydk1-6 vkSj 1-7 ls vki ;g tkuus vkSj le>us dk iz;Ru djsa fd f'k{kk ns'k esa yM+fd;ksa osQ csgrj thou vkSj csgrjfyax vuqikr osQ laca/ esa D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, vki osQjy esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k vkSj


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fyax vuqikr dk rqyukRed :i ls vè;;u djsaA vkils ;g vkxzg fd;k tkrk gS fd ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk osQ fo"k;esa cukbZ xbZ ;kstukvksa tSls ykMyh] lcyk rFkk ckfydk le`f¼ ;kstuk vkfn osQ fo"k; esa tkuus dk iz;kl djsaA

rkfydk 1-6 % lk{kjrk nj 1951&2011 (izfr'kr esa)

tux.kuk o"kZ oqQy O;fDr iq#"k efgyk iq#"kksa vkSj efgykvksa esa lk{kjrk nj varj

1951 18.33 27.16 8.86 18.30

1961 28.3 40.4 15.35 25.05

1971 34.45 45.96 21.97 23.99

1981 43.57 56.38 29.76 26.62

1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.84

2001 64.83 75.26 53.67 21.59

2011 74.04 82.14 65.46 16.68

rkfydk 1-7 % fofHkUu jkT;ksa eas lk{kjrk nj (tux.kuk 2011)

jkT; vkSj osaQæ 'kkflr izns'k iq#"k efgyk iq#"kksa vkSj efgykvksa esa lk{kjrk nj varj

gfj;k.kk 85.38 66.77 18.61

iatkc 81.48 71.34 10.14

tEew vkSj d'ehj 78.26 58.01 20.25

fnYyh 91.03 80.93 10.10

paMhx<+ 90.54 81.38 9.16

jktLFkku 80.51 52.66 27.85

egkjk"Vª 89.82 75.48 14.34

mÙkjk[kaM 88.33 70.70 17.63

xqtjkr 87.23 70.73 16.50

mÙkj izns'k 79.24 59.26 19.98

fe”kksje 93.72 79.40 14.32

es?kky; 77.17 73.78 3.39

vaMeku&fudksckj }hi lewg 90.11 81.84 8.27

NÙkhlx<+ 81.45 60.59 20.86


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v#.kkpy izns'k 73.69 59.57 14.12

vle 78.81 67.27 11.54

f=kiqjk 92.18 83.15 9.03

if'pe caxky 82.67 71.16 11.51

fgekpy izns'k 90.83 76.60 14.23

osQjy 96.02 91.98 4.04

iqnqPpsjh 92.12 81.22 10.90


xzkiQ 1-4 % 6 ls 17 o"kZ osQ yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa dk LowQy tkus dk izfr'kr(rhljk us'kuy iSQfeyh gsYFk losZ 2004&2005)

6-17 o"kZ 6-10 o"kZ 11-14 o"kZ 15-17 o"kZ

10080604020

0

yM+osQyM+fd;k¡

7566

85 81 8070

4934

;wukbVsM us'kUl fpYMªUl iaQM (;wfulsiQ) dh fjiksVZ LVsV vkWiQ n oYMZl~ fpYMªuμ2011 esa ;g tkudkjhnh xbZ gS fd Hkkjr nqfu;k dh lcls vf/d fd'kksfj;ksa (10&19 o"kZ) dk ?kj gSA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh Hkkjr esayM+fd;ksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dks vkok”k nh tkrh jgh gSA Hkkjr osQ lkFk&lkFk vU; ns'kksa esa yM+fd;ksaosQ LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk dks ysdj tkx`fr ykus osQ iz;kl gks jgs gSaA ;wfulsiQ us 15&29 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa esa vjDrrk(vuhfe;k) vkSj de otu (vaMjosV) ls lacaf/r vk¡dM+s miyC/ djok, gSa ftUgsa vkiosQ vè;;u osQ fy, izLrqrfd;k tk jgk gSA


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xzkiQ 1-5 % mi&lgkjk vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;k15&29 o"khZ; yM+fd;ksa esa vjDrrk (vuhfe;k)

8070605040302010

0

68 66 63 59 57 56 52 51 51 49

ekyh

lsusxy ?kkuk

csfuu

dkaxks

Hkkjr

xq;kuk

fl,jkfy;ksu

la;qDr

x.kjkT;

ratkfu;k

40 izfr'kr fpÉ ij fLFkr {kSfrt js[kk ml lhek dks iznf'kZr djrh gS ftl ij vjDrrk dksjk"Vªh; ukxfjd LokLF; leL;k eku fy;k tkrk gSA

Ïksr % Mh-,p-,l- rFkk us'kuy losZ] 2003-2009.

mi&lgkjk vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;k15&29 o"khZ; yM+fd;ksa esa de o”ku (vaMjosV)

50

40

30

20

10

0

47

4035 34 34 33

30 29 28 27

cqfoZQuk

iQklks

Hkkjr

bjhfV

ª;kckaXykns'k

ukbt

jlsu

sxybfFk;

ksfi;k

ukehfc;k

pkM

oaQcksfM;k

18-5 osQ 'kjhj&Hkkj lwpdkad osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr

Ïksr % Mh-,p-,l- rFkk vU; us'kuy losZ] 2002-2007.

mijksDr xzkiQ esa 40» dks n'kkZus okyh {kSfrt js[kk yM+fd;ksa esa ,uhfe;k dh og fLFkfr crkrhgS ftl ij igq¡pus osQ ckn ;g ,d xaHkhj :i ys ysrh gS ftldk nq"izHkko Hkkoh ih<+h ij Hkh iM+ukLokHkkfod gSA

yM+fd;ksa osQ fookg vkSj fookg osQ le; mudh vk;q osQ laca/ esa fofHkUu ns'kksa esa fd, x, losZ (;wfulsiQfjiksVZ 2011) ls izkIr vk¡dM+ksa dks vxz i`"B (xzkiQ 1-6) ij iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa osQ fookgosQ fy, U;wure vk;q 18 o"kZ vkSj yM+dksa osQ fy, 21 o"kZ fu/kZfjr dh xbZ gSA


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xzkiQ 1

-6

Ïksr % M

h-,p-,l- r

Fkk v

U; us'kuy

losZ] 2

000-

2009

.

020406080100

1313

16

2529

3236

3944

4449

5051

5155

5658

5961

6262

6363

6467

7175

7985

8686

18 o

"kZ ;k v

f/d fdarq

20 o

"kZ dh vk;q l

s igy

s foo

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fiNys i`"B ij fn, x, xzkiQ esa Hkkjr vkSj usiky esa yM+fd;ksa osQ fookg vkSj vk;q ls lacaf/r vk¡dM+ksaosQ izLrqrhdj.k dh ,d rkfydk uhps nh tk jgh gSA

rkfydk 1-8

vk;q oxZ Hkkjr (izfr'kr esa) usiky (izfr'kr esa)

0 – 15 14 21

15 – 18 31 40

18 – 20 19 10


fuEufyf[kr iz'ukssa osQ mÙkj nhft,A (nks iz'u 5 vad ;k ,d iz'u 10 vad dk iwNk tk,xk)

iz'u 1- rkfydk 1-4] rkfydk 1-5 vkSj rkfydk 1-7 dk rqyukRed vè;;u djrs gq, crkb, fdf'k{kk dh mUur fLFkfr dU;kvksa osQ tula[;k vuqikr dks fdl :i esa izHkkfor djrh gS\ ckfydkvksa dhf'k{kk nj dks csgrj cukus osQ fy, f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa dkSu&lh ckrsa 'kkfey dh tkuh pkfg,¡A (10 vad)

mÙkjμvk¡dM+s iznf'kZr djrs gSa fd lk{kjrk nj dk izfr gtkj yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k ls utnhdh laca/gSA ge gfj;k.kk vkSj iatkc dk mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA iatkc esa iq#"k ,oa efgyk lk{kjrk njsa Øe'k% yxHkx 81 rFkk71 izfr'kr gSa tcfd gfj;k.kk esa ;s njsa Øe'k% 85 rFkk 66 izfr'kr gSaA bu jkT;ksa esa izfr gtkj yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksadh la[;k Øe'k% 846 rFkk 830 gSA pw¡fd gfj;k.kk esa lk{kjrk nj iatkc dh rqyuk esa de gS vr% izfr gtkjyM+osQ& yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k eas Hkh mlh vuqikr esa gSA ;gh fLFkfr dekscs'k jktLFkku] tEew vkSj d'ehj tSls jkT;ksaesa Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA nwljh rjiQ ;fn ge egkjk"Vª] fnYyh ;k mÙkjk[kaM dks mnkgj.k osQ :i esa ysrs gSa rksikrs gSa fd tSls&tSls iq#"k ,oa efgyk lk{kjrk njksa eas o`f¼ gksrh gS] izfr gtkj yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k eas HkhØfed o`f¼ ntZ gks jgh gSA

fetksje] es?kky;] v#.kkpy izns'k] fgekpy izns'k vkfn jkT;ksa esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ izfr gtkj yM+dksa dh rqyukesa vU; jkT;ksa dh vis{kk yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k vf/d gSA bu jkT;ksa dh lk{kjrk njsa Hkh vf/d gSaA

gfj;k.kk esa izfr gtkj yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k lcls de gksus dk eq[; dkj.k lk{kjrk nj esa deh rFkkfofHkUu lkekftd O;oLFkk,¡ gSaA ;gk¡ iq#"k ,oa efgyk lk{kjrk nj dk varj 18-61» gSA

;fn ge NÙkhlx<+ dk mnkgj.k ysa rks ,d fojks/kHkklh fdarq ldkjkRed fLFkfr ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl jkT;esa Hkh iq#"k&efgyk lk{kjrk nj esa yxHkx 21» dk varj gSA fdarq vk¡dM+s n'kkZrs gSa fd ;gk¡ izfr gtkj yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k gfj;k.kk] iatkc] fnYyh] jktLFkku vkfn tSls jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa dgha vf/d gSA lkFk gh ;gvuqikr jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls Hkh vf/d gSA

;fn ge mlosQ ihNs osQ dkj.kksa ij xkSj djsa rks ikrs gSa fd NÙkhlx<+ ,d vkfnoklh cgqy jkT; gS tgk¡ izk;%vkfnoklh lekt esa ekr`lÙkkRed lkekftd O;oLFkk dh ijaijk jgh gSA bu ijaijkvksa ,oa ekU;rkvksa eas efgykvksa dksde&ls&de cjkcjh dk ntkZ rks izkIr gS gh] lkFk gh dbZ ekeyksa esas ifjokj dk usr`Ro Hkh muosQ gkFkksa eas gksrk gSA;gh dkj.k gS fd bu l'kDr vkfnoklh lektksa esa yM+fd;k¡ lqjf{kr gSa rFkk budk vuqikr Hkh o/Zeku gSA


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vk¡dM+s geas ;g Hkh crkrs gSa fd lk{kjrk dh nj yM+fd;ksa osQ vuqikr osQ c<+us ;k ?kVus dk ,d egÙoiw.kZdkjd rks gks ldrk gS fdarq ,dek=k dkjd ughaA ysfdu ;g Hkh ,d rF; gS fd mUur f'k{kk nj gesa lkekftdoqQjkfr;ksa] vuqfpr O;ogkjksa] oqQizFkkvksa vkfn dks nwj djus osQ fy, izsfjr djrh gSA lekt dh lksp esa cnyko lsO;oLFkk ,oa O;ogkj esa Hkh dbZ Økafrdkjh ifjorZu gks ldrs gSaA fuf'pr :i ls ngst] dU;k&Hkzw.k gR;k] yM+dksa}kjk oa'k ijaijk dk ogu vkfn tSlh ekU;rkvksa ij c<+rh f'k{kk&nj dk izHkko iM+sxkA bl izHkko osQ ifj.kke osQ :iesa yM+osQ& yM+fd;ksa osQ vuqikr esa Hkh o`f¼ vo'; gksxhA

iqu%] yM+fd;ksa eas f'k{kk osQ izlkj ls mUgsa gj rjg ls dkfcy vkSj l{ke cuk;k tk ldrk gSA mudh vkRe&fuHkZjrk lekt dh lksp esa efgykvksa osQ izfr O;kid cnyko dk dkjd lkfcr gksxhA bUgha ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdjljdkj us ^ykMyh*] ^lcyk* rFkk ^ckfydk le`f¼* vkfn tSlh ;kstukvksa dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA ^ykMyh* ;kstukfnYyh dh yksdfiz; ;kstuk gSA blosQ varxZr fnYyh eas iSnk gqbZ os lHkh yM+fd;k¡ bl ;kstuk dk ykHk ys ldrhgSa ftuosQ vfHkHkkod fiNys rhu lkyksa ls ;gk¡ jg jgs gSa rFkk mudh vk; 1 yk[k #i, okf"kZd ls de gSA bldkmís'; yM+fd;ksa dks vkRe&fuHkZj cukuk rFkk mudh mfpr f'k{kk dks lqfuf'pr djuk gSA

blh rjg ^lcyk* ;kstuk 11&18 o"kZ dh fd'kksfj;ksa dks l'kDr rFkk Lokcyach cukus] muosQ LokLF; rFkk iks"k.kesa lq/kj djus rFkk mUgsa vkSipkfjd ,oa vukSipkfjd f'k{kk iznku djus osQ mís'; ls 'kq: dh xbZ gSA

iqu% ^ckfydk le`f¼* ;kstuk dks yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh dh mez c<+kus rFkk muosQ fy, vk; osQ volj l`ftrdjus osQ mís'; ls 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA

loZ&f'k{kk vfHk;ku ,d ,slh gh O;oLFkk gS ftlosQ rgr izkFkfed f'k{kk osQ lkoZHkkSehdj.k dk iz;kl fd;kx;k gSA blosQ varxZr 6&14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa dks izkjafHkd f'k{kk miyC/ djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA

cPpksa rd ekè;fed rFkk mPp f'k{kk igq¡pkus osQ mís'; ls ljdkj us f'k{kk osQ vf/dkj dkuwu dks ikfjr fd;kAblus viuk izHkko fn[kkuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA f'k{kk O;fDr dks tkx:d rFkk izxfr'khy cukrh gSA ;fn yksxksa eas f'k{kkdk izlkj gks rks u osQoy efgykvksa rFkk yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/r dbZ oqQjhfr;ksa rFkk oqQizFkkvksa dks vklkuh ls nwj fd;ktk ldrk gS] cfYd mudh l'kfDrdj.k dks lkFkZd fd;k tk losQxkA l'kDr ,oa Lokcyach efgyk ns'k&lektlHkh dh le`f¼ ,oa fodkl dk èotokgd lkfcr gksaxhaA

iz'u 2- lHkh xzkiQ vkSj rkfydkvksa osQ vè;;u osQ ckn vki ns'k esa yM+fd;ksa dh fLFkfr dk fdl:i esa vkdyu djrs gSa\ larqfyr fyax vuqikr osQ fy, D;k dne mBk, tkus pkfg,¡\ roZQiw.kZ mÙkjnhft,A (5 vad)

mÙkjμmiyC/ vk¡dM+s ns'k esa yM+fd;ksa dh fLFkfr osQ fdlh [kkl ldkjkRed igyw dks iznf'kZr ugha djrsAo"kZ 2001&11 osQ n'kd esa tgk¡ oqQy tula[;k esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ yM+dh dh izfr'kr la[;k 15-97 ls fxjdj13-3 gks xbZ gS] ogha blh vk;q&oxZ osQ yM+fd;ksa dh izfr'kr la[;k esa vis{kkÑr vf/d fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZ gSA;g 2001 dh oqQy tula[;k osQ 15-88» ls fxjdj 2011 esa 12-9» gks xbZ gSA

;fn ge o"kZ 2011 osQ vk¡dM+ksa ij xkSj djsa rks ns[krs gSa fd cgqr&ls ,sls jkT; gSa tgk¡ 0&6 o"kZ vk;q&oxZosQ cPpksa esa izfr gtkj yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k 10» ls 17» rd de gSA [kkldj tc gerFkkdfFkr le`¼ jkT;ksa tSlsμgfj;k.kk] iatkc] tEew&d'ehj vFkok fnYyh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ;s vk¡dM+s dkiQhfujk'kktud gSaA


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oqQN ,sls Hkh jkT; gSa tgk¡ izfr gtkj yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k 906 ls 971 osQ chp gSA bujkT;ksa esa NÙkhlx<+ tSls vkfnoklh cgqy jkT; rFkk fetksje ,oa es?kky; tSls NksVs&NksVs jkT; 'kkfey gSaA xkSj djusokyh ckr ;g gS fd gfj;k.kk ,oa iatkc tSls rFkkdfFkr fodflr jkT;ksa dh rqyuk eas bu jkT;ksa esa yM+fd;ksa dhla[;k vk'kk txkus okyh gSA

osQjy ,dek=k ,slk jkT; gS tgk¡ ;g vuqikr iz'kaluh; gSA bldk Js; ljdkj dh fofHkUu uhfr;ksa rFkk mPplk{kjrk nj dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA

fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ns'k esa yM+fd;ksa dh tulkaf[;d ,oa vkuqikfrd fLFkfr larks"ktud ugha gSAbls larqfyr Lrj ij ykus osQ fy, gesa fo'ks"k iz;kl djus gksaxsA

gekjs lekt dks efgykvksa ,oa yM+fd;ksa osQ izfr tkx:d djus dh egrh vko';drk gSA gesa vius iqjkrufopkjksa dks NksM+dj vkxs c<+uk gksxkA ngst] dU;k&Hkzw.k gR;k] xSj&cjkcjh tSlh izFkkvksa vkSj O;ogkjksa ij pksV djuhgksxhA

oDr vk x;k gS fd ,d ckj fiQj ls gesa ^^;Lrq uk;ZLrq iwt;Urs jeUrs r=k nsork%** tSlh dFkuh dks rRijrkosQ lkFk djuh esa cnyuk gksxkA yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk rFkk LokLF; ij lokZf/d è;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA ifjokjvFkok lekt esa muosQ lkFk xSj&cjkcjh osQ O;ogkjksa ij dBksjrk ls jksd yxkbZ tk,A

yM+fd;ksa dks fofHkUu Lokcyacu&ijd izf'k{k.k nsus dh vko';drk gSA mudh vkRe&fuHkZjrk ns'k ,oa lektdh liQyrk dh dlkSVh gksxhA

ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡ tSlsμ^lcyk*] ^ykMyh*] ^ckfydk le`f¼* vkfn dks bl fn'kk esalkFkZd iz;kl ekuk tk ldrk gSA ljdkj dk ^loZ&f'k{kk vfHk;ku* yM+fd;ksa dh lk{kjrk c<+kus esa lgk;d fl¼gks jgk gSA ^ykMyh* ;kstuk yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dks lqfuf'pr djus dh vksj ,d Bksl dne gSA vU; jkT; ljdkjksadks Hkh bls izzHkkoh <ax ls ykxw djuk pkfg,A ^ckfydk le`f¼* ;kstuk yM+fd;ksa dks vk; osQ volj miyC/ djkusdk ,d egÙoiw.kZ iz;kl gSA

iz'u 3- xzkiQ 1-5 vkSj xzkiQ 1-6 dk rqyukRed vè;;u dhft, vkSj yM+fd;ksa osQ LokLF;] fookgvkSj fookg osQ le; vk;q tSls fo"k; ij fVIi.kh dhft,A (5 vad)

mÙkjμfn, x, xzkiQ iznf'kZr djrs gSa fd ekyh tSls ns'k esa 15&29 o"kZ vk;q&oxZ dh yM+fd;k¡ vjDrrk lslokZf/d ihfM+r gSaA lsusxy rFkk ?kkuk esa Hkh deksos'k ;gh fLFkfr gSA bu lHkh ns'kksa eas ;g xaHkhj jk"Vªh; yksd LokLF;leL;k dk :i ys pqdk gSA

bl ekeys eas Hkkjr Hkh ihNs ugha gSA ;gk¡ Hkh yM+fd;k¡ vjDrrk tSlh leL;kvksa ls ihfM+r gSaA fdarq ;fn gevYi&Hkkjrk (vaMjosV) dh fLFkfr dk vkdyu djrs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd Hkkjr esa yM+fd;k¡ vjDrrk osQ lkFk&lkFkvYi&Hkkjrk ls Hkh ihfM+r gSa] tks leL;k dks vkSj vf/d tfVy cuk nsrk gSA ;g xaHkhj oqQiks"k.k dh leL;k dhvksj bafxr djrk gSA

;fn ge cqfoZQuk iQklksa dk mnkgj.k ysa rks yM+fd;ksa esa vjDrrk dh fLFkfr ogk¡ Hkh yxHkx Hkkjr tSlh gh gS]fdarq ogk¡ vYi&Hkkjrk dh fLFkfr Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa vk/h gSA vxj ge lsusxy ls Hkkjr dh rqyuk djsa rks ikrsgSa fd] gkyk¡fd vjDrrk dh fLFkfr ogk¡ Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa vf/d xaHkhj gS] fdarq ogk¡ dh yM+fd;ksa dk vkSlrotu Hkkjr dh yM+fd;ksa dh vis{kk dgha cgqr vf/d gSA ;s vk¡dM+s lkfcr djrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; yM+fd;ksa dksvjDrrk rFkk vYi&Hkkjrk nksuksa gh leL;kvksa dk ,d lkFk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA


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blosQ dkj.kksa ij xkSj djasa rks dbZ lkjs dkj.k utj vkrs gSaA ;gk¡ gekjs ns'k esa dbZ ckj NksVh mez esa yM+fd;k¡dh 'kknh dj nh tkrh gSA tSfod rFkk ekufld :i ls vHkh mudk 'kjhj ifjiDo Hkh ugha gqvk gksrk gS fd osek¡ cu tkrh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr cPpk vkSj ek¡ nksuksa osQ LokLF; osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA

NksVh mez esa 'kknh osQ dkj.k dbZ ckj yM+fd;k¡ viuh i<+kbZ iwjh ugha dj ikrh gSaA blls vkxs u osQoy muosQcPps cfYd [kqn osQ Hkfo"; ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSA D;ksafd ,d f'kf{kr ek¡ fuf'pr :i ls tkx:d gksaxh] [kkldjvius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ,oa csgrj LokLF; osQ fy,A

de mez dh ek¡ ls mRiUu cPps dbZ ckj 'kkjhfjd&ekufld :i ls vfodflr gksrs gSaA ,sls cPpksa dk Hkfo";fujk'kkiw.kZ gh gksrk gSA

bl lcosQ ihNs dbZ rjg dh :f<+okfnrk] ngst vkfn tSls dkjd izHkkoh gksrs gSaA yksx yM+fd;ksa dks cks> le>rsgSaA os lksprs gSa ftruh tYnh gks losQ budh 'kknh dj viuh tckonsgh ls eqfDr ik,¡A bl lksp us vYio; eas fookgdks c<+kok fn;k gSA

yksxksa dk ;g Hkk lkspuk gS fd ;fn yM+fd;k¡ T;knk i<+&fy[k ysaxh rks muosQ ;ksX; yM+dk [kkstuk dfBu gksxkAlkFk gh vf/d i<+s&fy[ks yM+osQ osQ fy, vf/d&ls&vf/d ngst nsus dh t:jr gksxhA

vr%] vko';drk gS fd bl rjg dh lksp ,oa fopkjksa ij izgkj fd;k tk, rFkk f'k{kk dh jks'kuh lekt esa][kkldj efgykvksa rFkk yM+fd;ksa osQ chp] rsth ls iSQykbZ tk,A


1. yM+fd;ksa dh ?kVrh tula[;k osQ dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k gSa\ ,slh dkSu&lh leL;k,¡ gSa] tks yM+fd;ksaosQ ?kVrs tula[;k vuqikr dk ifj.kke gSa\

mÙkjμyM+fd;ksa dh ?kVrh tula[;k osQ fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k bldk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA

(ii) yM+osQ dh pkg osQ dkj.k Hkh yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k esa deh gqbZ gSA yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd yM+dk ughagksxk rks oa'k oSQls pysxkA

(iii) vkfFkZd foo'krk Hkh bldk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA csfV;ksa dh 'kknh eas gksus okys [kpZ ls cpus osQ fy,yksx yM+dh u gksus dh bPNk j[krs gSaA

(iv) yM+fd;ksa osQ izfr gksus okys vijk/A

(v) yM+fd;ksa osQ LokLF; ij fo'ks"k è;ku u nsukA

yM+fd;ksa osQ ?kVrs tula[;k vuqikr osQ ifj.kkeLo:i vusd leL;k,¡ mRiUu gqbZ gSa] ftuesa ls izeq[kfuEufyf[kr gSaμ

(i) yM+fd;ksa dh deh osQ dkj.k fookg osQ fy, yM+fd;ksa dk u feyuk ,d izeq[k leL;k cu xbZ gSA

(ii) ifjokj esa dbZ fj'rksa dk vHkko gksuk] tSls dbZ ifjokjksa eas yM+osQ gh gksus ls mUgsa cgu dk fj'rk ughafey ikrk gSA

(iii) lekt esa ukjh dk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA yM+fd;ksa dh deh ls lekt esa ,d v/wjkiu vk x;k gSA


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2. lu~ 2001 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2011 esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k esa fdruh o`f¼ gqbZ\ ogha izfr 1000iq#"kksa ij efgykvksa dh la[;k dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ 'kgjh {ks=k esa efgykvksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼ osQ dkSu&dkSuls dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\ 0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh tula[;k de gksus osQ mÙkjnk;h dkj.kdkSu&ls gSa\

mÙkjμlu~ 2001 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2011 esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k esa 18-1 djksM+ dh o`f¼ gqbZA ogha izfr1000 iq#"kksa ij efgykvksa dh la[;k esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZA

'kgjh {ks=k esa efgykvksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼ osQ fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) 'kgjh {ks=k esa dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k dkuwu dk Hk;A

(ii) LokLF; lqfo/kvksa dk vklkuh ls miyC/ gksukA

(iii) f'k'kq tuu osQ nkSjku vusd lqfo/k,¡ feyukA

(iv) efgykvksa esa Lo;a dks ysdj tkx:drk vkukA

(v) efgykvksa osQ izfr vijk/ esa deh vkukA

0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh tula[;k de gksus osQ mÙkjnk;h dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

(i) pksjh&fNis dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k djukA

(ii) larku osQ :i esa iq=k izkfIr dh pkgA

(iii) yM+fd;ksa osQ izfr nwljs ntsZ dk O;ogkjA

(iv) yM+fd;ksa dh yM+dksa osQ leku mfpr ns[kHkky u djukA

3. lu~ 2001 esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ oqQy cPpksa dh la[;k fdruh Fkh\ blesa fdrus yM+osQ rFkk fdruhyM+fd;k¡ Fkha\ lu~ 2011 esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k fdruh jg xbZ\ lu~ 2001 dh rqyukesa lu~ 2011 esa yM+fd;ksa dh oqQy tula[;k fdruh gks xbZ\ yM+fd;ksa dh tula[;k c<+us dk dksbZ ,ddkj.k crkb,A

mÙkjμlu~ 2001 esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ oqQy cPpksa dh la[;k 163-84 djksM+ FkhA blesa 85-01 djksM+ yM+osQ rFkk78-83 djksM+ yM+fd;k¡ FkhaA lu~ 2011 esa 0&6 o"kZ osQ cPpksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k 75-84 djksM+ jg xbZA

lu~ 2001 dh rqyuk esa lu~ 2011 esa yM+fd;ksa dh oqQy tula[;k 586-47 djksM+ gks xbZA

yM+fd;ksa dh tula[;k c<+us dk izeq[k dkj.k yksxksa dh ekufldrk esa cnyko vkuk gSA vkt yksx yM+dk&yM+dh dks ,d leku ekuus yxs gSaA

4. lu~ 2011 esa lHkh vk;q lewgksa dh oqQy tula[;k eas o`f¼ gqbZA ysfdu 0&6 o"kZ lewg dh tula[;keas deh osQ dkSu&ls dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\ 0&6 o"kZ vk;q lewg esa 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa lcls deyM+fd;k¡ fdl jkT; esa gSa vkSj lcls vf/d yM+fd;ksa okyk jkT; Hkh crkb,A blosQ dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.kgks ldrs gSa\

mÙkjμlu~ 2011 esa lHkh vk;q lewgksa dh oqQy tula[;k eas o`f¼ gqbZA ysfdu 0&6 o"kZ lewg dh tula[;keas deh vkbZ] bldk izeq[k dkj.k dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k rFkk yksxksa dk tula[;k o`f¼ osQ izfr tkx:d gksuk gks ldrkgSA vkt yksx c<+rh tula[;k osQ [krjksa dks Hkk¡i x, gSa vkSj NksVs ifjokj esa fo'okl djus yxs gSaA og de cPpsgksus ij mudh mfpr ns[kHkky gksus dh ckr dks le> x, gSaA


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0&6 o"kZ vk;q lewg esa 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa lcls de yM+fd;k¡ gfj;k.kk (830) esa gSaA lcls vf/dyM+fd;k¡ osQjy (1084) esa gSaA

fdlh Hkh jkT; esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k de gksus dk izeq[k dkj.k yM+osQ dh pkg rFkk yM+fd;ksa dks derjvk¡duk gks ldrk gSA ogha yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k vf/d gksuk] yM+fd;ksa dks yM+dksa osQ leku le>us rFkk cjkcjegÙo nsus dks n'kkZrk gSA

5. osQjy jkT; dk ekWMy iwjs ns'k osQ fy, ,d vPNk mnkgj.k D;ksa gS\ osQjy us ,slh dkSu&lh uhfr;k¡viukb±] ftlls ;g ,d vkn'kZ jkT; cu x;k\

mÙkjμosQjy jkT; dk ekWMy iwjs ns'k osQ fy, ,d vPNk mnkgj.k gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ u osQoy fyax vuqikr] cfYdcPpksa dh f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; dks ysdj Hkh lcls vPNh fLFkfr gSA ;gk¡ cky Jfedksa dh la[;k lcls de gS ;k;s Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd u osQ cjkcj gSA osQjy esa lk{kjrk nj vU; jkT;ksa dh vis{kk lcls vf/d gS ftlesa efgyklk{kjrk nj Hkh lokZf/d gSA

osQjy us ,slh dbZ uhfr;k¡ viukb±] ftlls ;g ,d vkn'kZ jkT; cu x;k] ftuesa ls izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

(i) f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa dkiQh lq/kj fd,A

(ii) tula[;k dh xq.koÙkk ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;kA

(iii) LokLF; lsokvksa esa dkiQh o`f¼ dhA

(iv) ekuo lalk/u dk oqQ'ky iz;ksx fd;kA

(v) jkstxkj osQ u,&u, voljksa dh [kkst dhA

(vi) efgykvksa osQ fodkl ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;kA

(vii) lkoZtfud lqfo/kvksa dh o`f¼ dhA

(viii) ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ykxw fd;kA

6. ,d losZ osQ vuqlkj izkarokj 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk eas tUe ysus okyh yM+fd;ksa dk vlekuvuqikr ns'k esa fdl Hk;kud fLFkfr dh vksj laosQr djrk gSA oqQN jkT;ksa osQ mnkgj.k }kjk Li"V dhft,A;g vlekurk jk"Vª dh mUufr esa fo"ke fLFkfr dh ifjpk;d fdl izdkj gS\

mÙkjμ,d losZ osQ vuqlkj izkarokj 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk eas tUe ysus okyh yM+fd;ksa dk vleku vuqikrns'k esa gksus okys dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k tSls f?kukSus vijk/ dh Hk;kud fLFkfr dh vksj laosQr djrk gSA mnkgj.kLo:iiatkc esa 1000 yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa 832 yM+fd;k¡ gSa rks gfj;k.kk esa ;g la[;k 848 gSA osQjy esa ;g vk¡dM+k966 vkSj NÙkhlx<+ esa 985 gSA

;g vlekurk vius vki esa ,d ladV gS rFkk jk"Vª dh mUufr esa fo"ke fLFkfr dh ifjpk;d gS] D;ksafd ;fnyM+osQ&yM+dh osQ chp dk ;s varj c<+rk jgsxk rks thou csgn eqf'dy gks tk,xkA thou osQ fy, ukjh&iq#"k dkleku egÙo gSA ;fn yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k de gksrh jgh rks Hkfo"; esa geas vusd fj'rksa ls oafpr gksuk iM+ ldrkgSA ge vius yM+dksa dk fookg fdlls djsaxs ftlls ifjokj vkxs c<+ losQA blfy, gesa ukjh dh egÙkk le>rsgq, yM+fd;ksa dh ?kVrh la[;k ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A oSls Hkh vkt ukjh iq#"kksa osQ lkFk da/s&ls da/k feykdjpy jgh gSA og ,d x`fg.kh osQ lkFk&lkFk dk;kZy; vkfn esa dke djosQ Hkyh&Hkk¡fr viuk nkf;Ro fuHkk jgh gSAukjh osQ dbZ :i gSaA og ek¡] iRuh] cgu vkfn dbZ fj'rksa dk vk/kj gSA


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7. lu~ 2010 esa lu~ 1990 dh rqyuk esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ blosQ dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.kgks ldrs gSa\ xk¡oksa esa 'kgjksa dh rqyuk esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj vf/d D;ksa gS\ bls de djus osQ fy, mik;lq>kb,A

mÙkjμlu~ 2010 esa lu~ 1990 dh rqyuk esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj esa dkiQh lq/kj gqvk gSA ;g lu~ 1990 osQ vk¡dM+sosQ vuqlkj f'k'kq e`R;q nj 81 yM+fd;k¡ vkSj 78 yM+dksa ls ?kVdj 49 yM+fd;k¡ vkSj 46 yM+osQ jg xbZ gSA blosQfuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) vkt igys osQ eqdkcys izlo dh mfpr O;oLFkk gS ftlls f'k'kq e`R;q nj ?kVh gSA

(ii) tUe osQ le; de otu osQ lkFk iSnk gq, cPpksa dh mfpr ns[kHkky ls os lqjf{kr jgrs gSaA

(iii) LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k dk;ZØeksa dh Hkh blesa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA

(iv) ljdkj }kjk pkfyr dbZ lsokvksa] tSlsμvk¡xuckM+h vkfn us csgrj dk;Z fd;k gSA

(v) yksxksa esa vius cPpksa dks ysdj dkiQh tkx:drk vkbZ gSA os vius cPpksa dk Hkyh&Hkk¡fr [;kyj[krs gSaA

xk¡oksa esa 'kgjksa dh rqyuk esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj vf/d fuEu dkj.kksa ls gSμ

(i) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 'kgjksa dh rqyuk eas LokLF;&lqfo/kvksa dh deh gSA

(ii) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ?kj esa gh izlo djk ysrs gSa ftlesa dbZ ckj f'k'kq dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA

(iii) xk¡oksa esa vusd chekfj;k¡ gksuk Hkh bldk izeq[k dkj.k gSA

(iv) de vk;q esa yM+fd;ksa dk fookg djus ij og tYnh xHkZ /kj.k dj ysrh gS vkSj mldk cPpk iw.kZr%LoLFk ugha gksrk] ftlls mldh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA

(v) vi;kZIr iks"k.k Hkh bl leL;k dk ,d dkj.k gSA

bls de djus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; fd, tk ldrs gSaμ

(i) xk¡oksa eas LokLF;&lqfo/kvksa dh iwfrZ dh tk,A

(ii) izlo osQ fy, vLirky ;k ljdkjh LokLF; osaQnz ij gh ys tk,¡A

(iii) xk¡oksa esa iSQyh chekfj;ksa dh jksdFkke osQ fy, mfpr dne mBk, tk,¡A

(iv) yM+fd;ksa dk fookg lgh vk;q esa djsaA

(v) uotkr f'k'kq ;k xHkZorh efgyk dh mfpr ns[kHkky dh tk,A

8. lu~ 2011 esa oqQy lk{kjrk nj fdruh gS\ blesa iq#"k lk{kjrk nj fdruh gS vkSj ;g efgyklk{kjrk nj ls fdruh vf/d gS\ fdl jkT; esa efgyk lk{kjrk nj lcls vf/d gS\ blosQ izeq[k dkj.kdkSu&ls gks ldrs gSa\ ik¡p lcls de efgyk lk{kjrk nj okys jkT;ksa osQ uke fyf[k,A vkiosQ jkT; dhiq#"k rFkk efgyk lk{kjrk nj fdruh gS\

mÙkjμlu~ 2011 esa oqQy lk{kjrk nj 74-04» gSSA blesa iq#"k lk{kjrk nj 82-14» gSA ;g efgyk lk{kjrk njls 16-68 izfr'kr vf/d gSA

osQjy esa efgyk lk{kjrk nj (91-98») lcls vf/d gSA

blosQ izeq[k dkj.k ;gk¡ efgykvksa dh f'k{kk osQ izfr fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk] efgykvksa dks iq#"kksa osQ leku le>uk]efgykvksa osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡ gks ldrs gSaA


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jktLFkku (52-66»)] tEew vkSj d'ehj (58-01»)] mÙkj izns'k (59-26»)] v#.kkpy izns'k (59-57») rFkkNÙkhlx<+ (60-59») lcls de efgyk lk{kjrk nj okys jkT; gSaA

gekjs jkT; fnYyh dh iq#"k lk{kjrk nj 91-03» rFkk efgyk lk{kjrk nj 80-93» gSA

9. ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk osQ fo"k; esa cukbZ xbZ ;kstukvksa tSlsμ^ykMyh*] ^lcyk* rFkk ^ckfydkle`f¼ ;kstuk* osQ fo"k; esa laf{kIr tkudkjh nhft,A

mÙkjμykMyhμ^ykMyh* ;kstuk dks fnYyh ljdkj us lu~ 2008 esa ykxw fd;kA bl ;kstuk dks fo'ks"k :ils yM+fd;ksa dks vkRe&fuHkZj cukus ,oa mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus osQ mís'; ls ykxw fd;k x;k gSA ^ykMyh*;kstuk eas dbZ ,sls izko/ku gSa tks vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ dh yM+fd;ksa osQ Hkfo"; dks vkfFkZd etcwrh iznkudjus esa lgk;d fl¼ gks jgs gSaA fnYyh esa iSnk gqbZ os lHkh yM+fd;k¡ bl ;kstuk dk ykHk izkIr dj ldrh gSa ftuosQvfHkHkkodksa dh okf"kZd vk; ,d yk[k #i, ls de gks vkSj og de&ls&de fiNys rhu lky ls fnYyh eas jgjgs gksaA

^ykMyh* ;kstuk osQ varxZr fnYyh osQ fdlh Hkh vLirky@ufl±x gkse vFkok laLFkk eas tUe ysus okyh ckfydkdks 11000 #i, fn, tkrs gSaA blosQ vykok d{kk ,d] Ng vkSj ukS esa nkf[kys osQ le; ckfydk osQ [kkrs eas ik¡pgtkj #i, tek fd, tkrs gSaA

lcykμ11 ls 18 o"kZ dh fd'kksfj;ksa osQ fy, pykbZ tk jgh jktho xka/h fd'kksjh l'kfDrdj.k ;kstuk dks^lcyk* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA lcyk [kklrkSj ls mu fd'kksfj;ksa ij osaQfnzr gS tks LowQy ugha tk jgh gksaA ^lcyk*osQ eq[; mís';ksa esa fd'kksfj;ksa dks l'kDr ,oa Lokoyach cukuk] muosQ LokLF; ,oa iks"k.k esa lq/kj djuk] vkSipkfjd,oa vukSipkfjd f'k{kk iznku djuk 'kkfey gSaA lHkh ;qofr;ksa dh LokLF; tk¡p Hkh bl ;kstuk osQ varxZr dh tkrhgSA vk¡xuckM+h osaQnzksa esa bu ;qofr;ksa dks fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij O;kogkfjd tkudkjh Hkh nh tkrh gSA ;g ;kstuk Hkkjrljdkj osQ efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; }kjk pykbZ tk jgh gSA

ckfydk le`f¼ ;kstukμlu~ 1997 esa 'kq: dh xbZ ;g ;kstuk ckfydkvksa dh fLFkfr dks lq/kjus osQ fy,ljdkj dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ igy gSA bl ;kstuk ls yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh dh mez c<+kus rFkk vk; osQ voljksa vkSjxfrfof/;ksa dks cukus osQ fy, iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA ckfydkvksa osQ izfr ifjokjksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dk udkjkRed joS;kcny jgk gSA mUgsa izfro"kZ dh nj ls ljdkj }kjk lgk;rk jkf'k feyrh gSA

10. lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj lcls de efgyk lk{kjrk nj okys rhu jkT;ksa osQ ukefyf[k,A bu jkT;ksa esa efgyk lk{kjrk nj de gksus osQ dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\ bl fLFkfr esa lq/kjosQ fy, dkSu&ls iz;kl fd, tk ldrs gSa\

mÙkjμlu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj lcls de efgyk lk{kjrk nj okys rhu jkT; jktLFkku (52-66»)]tEew vkSj d'ehj (58-01») rFkk mÙkj izns'k (59-26») gSaA

bu jkT;ksa eas efgyk lk{kjrk nj de gksus osQ fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs gSaμ

(i) efgykvksa dh f'k{kk ij ikfjokfjd rkSj ij fo'ks"k è;ku u nsukA

(ii) efgykvksa dks iq#"kksa osQ leku u le>ukA

(iii) efgykvksa dh f'k{kk dks ysdj mfpr uhfr;k¡ u gksukA

(iv) efgykvksa dks ?kj rd gh lhfer j[kukA

(v) fyax vuqikr esa varj gksukA


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bl fLFkfr esa lq/kj osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr iz;kl fd, tk ldrs gSaμ

(i) ifjokj esa yM+fd;ksa dks leku egÙo nsuk rFkk yM+dksa osQ leku i<+us osQ fy, LowQy HkstukA

(ii) efgykvksa dks Hkh iq#"kksa osQ leku le>ukA

(iii) ljdkj }kjk efgykvksa dh f'k{kk dks ysdj fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡ cukukA

(iv) efgykvksa dh egÙkk le>dj mUgsa fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa Lora=krk nsukA

(v) dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k tSls oqQÑR; ij jksd yxkdj fyax vuqikr esa varj dks de djukA

11. 15&17 o"kZ dh vk;q eas yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa osQ LowQy tkus osQ izfr'kr eas fdruk varj gS\ ;g varjvU; vk;q oxks± osQ eqdkcys vf/d D;ksa gS\ lcls de varj fdl vk;q&oxZ esa gS vkSj D;ksa\

mÙkjμ15&17 o"kZ dh vk;q eas yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksa osQ LowQy tkus osQ izfr'kr eas 15 izfr'kr dk varj gSA ;gvarj vU; vk;q oxks± osQ eqdkcys vf/d blfy, gS] D;ksafd bl vk;q esa lcls vf/d yM+fd;ksa dk fookg djfn;k tkrk gS vkSj mudk LowQy NwV tkrk gSA lcls de varj 6&10 o"kZ vk;q&oxZ esa gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fdvf/dka'k yksx vius cPpksa dks izkFkfed f'k{kk vo'; fnykrs gSa] fiQj pkgs og yM+dk gks ;k yM+dhA ysfduyM+fd;ksa dh vk;q c<+us osQ lkFk mudh f'k{kk ij de è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA mu ij ?kj dh ftEesnkfj;k¡ Mky nhtkrh gSa vkSj de vk;q esa fookg Hkh dj fn;k tkrk gSA

12. ;wfulsiQ dh fjiksVZ ^LVsV vkWiQ n oYMZl~ fpYMªuμ2011* osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 10&19 o"kZ dhfd'kksfj;ksa dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ Hkkjr esa 15&29 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa esa vjDrrk (vuhfe;k) rFkk de otu(vaMjosV) dk izfr'kr D;k gS\ 40» dks n'kkZus okyh js[kk D;k crkrh gS\

mÙkjμ;wfulsiQ dh fjiksVZ ^LVsV vkWiQ n oYMZl~ fpYMªuμ2011* osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr nqfu;k dh lcls vf/dfd'kksfj;ksa (10&19 o"kZ) dk ?kj gSA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh Hkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dksvkokt nh tkrh jgh gSA

Hkkjr esa 15&29 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa esa vjDrrk (vuhfe;k) dk izfr'kr 56 gSA ogha de otu (vaMjosV) dkizfr'kr 47 gSA

40» dks n'kkZus okyh {kSfrt js[kk yM+fd;ksa eas vuhfe;k dh og fLFkfr crkrh gS ftl ij igq¡pus osQ ckn ;g,d xaHkhj :i ys ysrh gS ftldk nq"izHkko Hkkoh ih<+h ij Hkh iM+uk LokHkkfod gSA

13. Hkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa rFkk yM+dksa osQ fookg dh U;wure vk;q fdruh gS\ fdl vk;q&oxZ esa lclsvf/d yM+fd;ksa dk fookg fd;k tkrk gS\ usiky esa 18&20 vk;q&oxZ esa yM+fd;ksa osQ fookg dk izfr'krde D;ksa gS\

mÙkjμHkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa osQ fookg osQ fy, U;wure vk;q 18 o"kZ rFkk yM+dksa osQ fy, 21 o"kZ fu/kZfjr gSA15&18 o"kZ osQ vk;q&oxZ esa lcls vf/d (31 izfr'kr) yM+fd;ksa dk fookg fd;k tkrk gSA

usiky esa 18&20 vk;q&oxZ esa yM+fd;ksa osQ fookg dk izfr'kr de blfy, gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ dkiQh yM+fd;ksadk fookg 15&18 vk;q&oxZ esa fd;k tkrk gSA

(otba) fganh ikb&vk/kfjr ewy;kadu % fganh ^v* – ix / 3 reliable enterprises f r e e d o w n l...

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