otec_final_presentation.ppt

December 18, 2009Pierre CannonSumon NandyAmy Nandy

OTEC African Deployment

Problem Statement, MissionProblem Statement: A clean, renewable energy source that provides baseload power without impacting the environment, regardless of seasonal weather conditions, does not exist for supplying power to African nations.Mission: To develop a feasible architecture and business strategy for an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion system deployed off the African coast.OTEC African Deployment12/18/2009*


Project Team RoleSponsor : Lockheed MartinTeam Role: Research Contractor Sponsor Focus Areas Tasks:Feasibility study for possible OTEC site off African continent Investigation of planning activities required for OTEC deploymentDevelopment of location specific requirements for areaBusiness/Financial plan for profitability in 30 years12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


OTEC DescriptionOceanic Thermal Energy ConversionOTEC utilizes the oceans 20C natural thermal gradient between the warm surface water and the cold deep sea water to drive a Rankine CycleOTEC utilizes the worlds largest solar radiation collector - the ocean. The ocean contains enough energy power all of the worlds electrical needs.12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


1. Power input to pumps to start process4. Expanding vapor drive the turbine, and electricity is created by a generator5. Heat extraction from cold-water sink to condense the working fluid in the condenser.Cycle begins againReturn to step 23. Heat addition from the hot-water source used to evaporate the working fluid within the heat exchanger (Evaporator)2. Fluid pump pressurizes and pushes working fluid to evaporatorOTEC African Deployment*


OTEC Project Development Process12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Work ProductsCost ModelRisk Management StrategyHouse of QualitySystem Description DocumentBusiness / Marketing ApproachSystem Architecture Views (SV-)System Functionality Sequence ModelTechnology S-CurvesCPN Simulation ModelProject Schedule12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Stakeholder Needs AnalysisOTEC African DeploymentOTEC SystemDesign TeamLockheed MartinGMU SEOR FacultyPartners / SubcontractorsInterfacesOcean EnvironmentElectric CompanyFinancing GroupCompetitorsOil IndustryHydroPowerLocal CommunityCitizensLocal GovtEnvironmentalAfrican Sustainable EnergySpecial Interest Groups12/18/2009*Engineering Characteristics Evaluated using House of QualityPrioritized Stakeholder NeedsCompetitive Energy CostMinimal Time to MarketReplaces Non-renewable sourcesAdaptable to Future MarketsScalable CapacityRelated Engineering CharacteristicsHigh Efficiency ComponentsUtilize Commercial ComponentsSubsystems powered by system power outputModular design for power producing systems


Regulations & StandardsPlatform Safety: Maritime Safety (DOT, USCG 46 CFR)Luminaries (UL 1598A)Electrical Installations on Shipboard (IEEE P45.1, P45.5)Designing & Construction of Floating Platforms (API RP 2FB)Underwater Cabling: Design & Construction (IEC 60092-350; NAVY OPNAV 11310.3B)Sheathing (IEC 60092-351, -359)Installation & Test (IEC 60092-350, -352; IEEE 45 INT 1-2)Workforce Safety: Job Hazard Analysis (OSHA 3071)Workplace First Aid (OSHA 3317)Hazardous Waste Operations (OSHA 3172)Occupational Health & Safety (OSHA 29-CFR 1910.1)Habitation on Offshore Installation (ABS Pub. 105)12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Other ConsiderationsSupplier QualificationSeveral key components to be sourced (Water Pump, Turbine, Generator, Heat Exchangers & Power Cabling)Institution of Preferred Supplier Qualification SystemProcess/Product control plan to ensure quality components & participation in the auditing of their processesSuppliers will be empowered - push high standards of quality to 2nd tier suppliers since their company reputation is at stakeStandards Based Procurement - ensure that even the 2nd tier vendors push for quality - end products delivered to the OTEC system have higher reliabilityIntegrated Logistics SupportMaintainability support for equipmentSupport team to handle any questions/issues during program execution, with trained staff to deal with all situational needs12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Trade Study Research12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Sponsor RequirementsLocation shall be located off the African coastHumanitarian efforts strengthen US ties with African nationsSponsor has not conducted in-depth research in this areaAfrica is becoming a hot topic in Renewable Resources Locations shall provide:At least 20 C temperature difference between surface water and 1000 m deep waterEconomic Stability Political stability (reduces program risk)Established power infrastructure to I/F with OTECLittle or no coastal pirating crime

OTEC African Deployment*12/18/2009


Africa Continent OverviewOver 500M people, yet 75% of landmass uninhabitedHighest birthrate of any continent with population expected to reach 2B by 2050Fastest growing region on earth facing most serious problems of food and waterHigh potential for commercial OTEC plant off western coast

Political instability & poor infrastructure plague the continent

12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Possible OTEC Locations12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*


Technical CaseOperational ConceptScope and ContextArchitecture EvaluationFunctional DecompositionArchitecture DevelopmentDoDAF DiagramsExecutable Architecture12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Operational Concept12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


System Boundary

Power Plant

Control System

Warm Seawater is External Input

Cold Seawater is External Input

Power to Power Plant is System Output

OTEC System P-DiagramOTEC SystemControlsWater PumpFluid PumpOTEC CPUTurbineGeneratorHeat ExchangersPipesWorking fluid

(Noise Factors)TemperatureSea stateWeatherCorrosion(Output Functions)PowerWater

(Input Signals)WaterStartup Power

*OTEC African Deployment


Architecture Evaluation12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Functional Decomposition 12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Operate OTEC System

Generate Power

Monitor Health

Control OTEC System

Monitor Fluid Pressure

Monitor Pump Power

Monitor Evaporator temperature

Monitor Condenser temperature

Monitor Generator Power

Monitor Turbine Speed

Pump Working Fluid

Pump Water

Drive Turbine

Spin Generator

System Boundary

Condense Working Fluid

Evaporate Working Fluid

Start OTEC System

Control System

Provide Power to Customers(Stakeholder)

Power Plant Power Distribution(Stakeholder)

Personal Generator

Oil Company

Hydroelectric Power

Run OTEC CPU

Stop OTEC System

External Systems/Context Diagrams12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Operate OTECSystem

Water

Water

Power

Regulations

Authorization

Standards

A0

Provide Power to Power Grid

ConsumerPower

Status

Startup Power

Performance Rules

EXTERNAL

OTEC IDEF012/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Architecture Development12/18/2009*OTEC African DeploymentThe Six Stage Process: Structured AnalysisL. Wagenhals, A. Levis, SYST 621


DoDAF DiagramsUtilized CORE v5 to develop DoDAF viewsDeveloped applicable DoDAF diagrams for an interoperable architecture12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


OTEC System Requirements12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Executable ArchitectureLeads to significant new insights into the design and operation of the OTEC system The structure CPN model is directly related to the functionality represented in the architecture12/18/2009*OTEC African DeploymentVideoSimulation


Executable Architecture ResultsThe executable CPN model provided additional input into the logical flow of the systemSystem Control function benefited the most from the modelHow to can the system be adjusted to maintain optimum performanceHow can the system be stopped in the event of an errorLed to additional requirements to perform control functionality12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*


Market AnalysisWorld Energy GoalsIncrease efficiencyDecrease dependence on foreign oilClean, Carbon Free FuelsRenewable sources

Renewable Market TrendsRenewable energy market will grow at 431% in the next 10 yearsOil predictions at 26% and natural gas at 46%. Oil Industry Driving Change due to Rapidly Rising Costs, Limited Resources and Political Instability in Major Supplying CountriesData Source: OPEC



Investment StrategyFirst commercial plant in areas with high $/kWhInvestor may have funds up-front or financing agreementInstallation timing may impact subsystem technology choicesUtilize Patent process, proprietary markings, and legal teaming agreements

12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*Alternative Investment StrategiesMarket IntroductionHI Pilot OTEC PlantCommercial OTEC PlantEstablish Investment Partner Sign PPA

DeploymentContract TypeRiskProfitInternalIR&DHighHighThird PartyLicense AgreementLowLowShared ResponsibilityPower Purchase AgreementMedMed


Program Risks16 Risks identified in Risk Register

Each risk has a Risk Mitigation Strategy, Status, Probability, & Overall Risk Importance calculated as the sum of Schedule, Cost and Performance ImpactImpact Scores are on a scale of 0 (No Impact) to 10 (Extremely High Impact)12/18/2009*OTEC African DeploymentOTEC Program Risk R15OTEC Program Risk Register


Affordability CalculationsAssumptions100 MW Capacity, 99% Uptime, 30 year Financing at 8%Power Co. and Investor require 25% of income for internal costsSponsor sale price for system affordability: $307M12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*Net Present Value is $1.7B in 30 yearsCash Flow AnalysisDiscrete Chance NodesSales Income GrowthO&M Cost GrowthFixed Expenses$307M Investment


Growth PotentialElectricity Capacity ExpansionAdditional OTEC systems could be installedCurrent system could be upgraded to include more power modulesClean Water SystemUse the power created to create clean waterInstall an Open-Cycle system to create both at onceAlternative Technology SolutionsGeo-OTEC to power Oil PlatformsRenewable Fuels Ammonia as a Carbon CarrierAgriculture Ammonia as a fertilizer12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Summary and ConclusionsConsider methods to reduce system cost, consider:Sell directly to city to remove middle-manPlatform cost savings: less-robust design, shorter CWPRecommend Africa installation after OTEC is proven at large scaleAlternative technology approaches increase possible installation area to include colder water regionsWay Forward RecommendationsMeet early and often with environmental policy teams regarding licensing and permits to ensure compliance and a clear path aheadBegin talks with Nigerian government to express interest in developing OTEC near Lagos; Establish a partnership with power distributorVerify ocean temperatures & geography; Consider university research12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*


Thank YouLockheed Martin CorporationDr. Ted JohnsonKiffin Bryan

GMU SEOR FacultyDr. Thomas SpellerDr. Abbas K. ZaidiFaculty Reviewers



Stakeholder Value Mapping12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


12/18/2009*OTEC African DeploymentQuality Analysis


Risk Register12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*


Project PlanWBS Developed based on Project GuidanceTasks organized and linked in MS Project12/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Architecture DevelopmentL. Wagenhals, A. Levis, SYST 621 Lecture 812/18/2009*OTEC African Deployment


Technology S-CurvesKey technology Focus AreasCold Water PipeTurbine Technology12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*Cold Water PipeTurbine Technology


CPN Model12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*


CPN Simulation Video12/18/2009OTEC African Deployment*http://mason.gmu.edu/~amccull1/files/OTEC_CPN_Simulation.wmv


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otec_final_presentation.ppt

Documents

african coast

african nations

energy power

possible otec site

baseload power

working fluid

power input

renewable energy source