History of CALL:Other histories of CALL The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and MemexThe 50s: Preparing the ground

Rocío BoladoSeptember 30, 2008

Other histories of CALL

Two categories1. Properly

researched, objective historical accounts.

2. Interpretative; more subjective conclusions about advances and trends in the field.

Other histories of CALL

Kurshid Ahmad et al.(1985) – category 1; early history of the field.

John R. Russell (1995) – category 1; history of CALL in North America.

Warschauer (LLT Journal, Hawaii) – category 2; evolution of CALL, three trends

Mike Levy (2000) – category 1; review of 40 years in the field

Other histories of CALL

History of CALL series of phases led by technological considerations

linguists

never –really– in control

The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and Memex

1st demonstration of communication data at distance (NY – Hannover) – January, 1940

“Memoranding regarding Memex” published by Bush – March, 1941

The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and Memex

The bases of the computer are established, “First draft of a report on the EDVAC” by Von Neumann – June 1945

Construction of the Mark 1 –first main-frame computer by Max Newman – 1948; Great Britain

“A Top US scientist foresees a possible future in which man-made machines will start to think” by Bush – November 1945

The 50s: Preparing the ground The magnetic band of the BINAC –

1950

Development of SAGE, military network

Development of UNIVAC (fast printer) – 1951

IBM 650, first computer sold on large scale – 1954

SABRE, commercial network and database by IBM – 1955

RAMAC 305, first magnetic disk by IBM – 1956

FORTRAN, 1st universal computer language – 1957

The 50s: Preparing the ground ARPA, development for the

Internet and processing standard, USA – 1958

First integrated circuit by J. Kilby – 1958

Introduction of the notions of interactivity, interface and the mouse by Douglas Engelbart at the SRI – 1958-1962

LISP, 1st language for AI by John McCarthy, MIT – 1959

Alleged appearance of the first CALL program – 1959