other microcontrollers / microprocessors. overview 68hc11 application example: an emergency...
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Other Microcontrollers / Microprocessors
OverviewOverview
68HC11 Application Example:
An Emergency Communicator System (ECS)
Other Microcontrollers / Microprocessors
Selecting a Microcontroller / Microprocessor
68HC11 Application Example68HC11 Application Example
• Emergency Communicator System (ECS)• Function
o Records a set of personalized emergency messageso Dials customized telephone number(s) when triggered by a
pushbutton, monitor, sensor, etc.o Monitors call status and delivers recorded message
• Featureso Uses standard telephone line; no need for special monitoring
serviceo Reliable Based on: “Emergency Communicator System”
David B. Wax, University of PennsylvaniaMay 1, 19911991 University Motorola Design Contest
ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (1)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (1)
• HCMOSo Low power - operates on battery backupo Noise immunity - operates in environment with telephone line
and (possibly) radio transmitters
• EEPROMo Calibration table - reference values for dial tones, busy signals,
ring back signals, etc.o User parameters - telephone numbers to call for various
emergencieso System configuration - locations of emergency message
“phrases” in memory
• Analog-to-digital convertero Convert voice input to digital for recording message phrases
ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (2)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (2)
• Serial peripheral interfaceo Transmits serial ASCII data to an LCD display unit for user
interface
• Timer subsystemo Input capture functions measures signals on telephone line to
monitor call statuso Real-time interrupt displays time since call request
• Parallel input/outputo Control input and outputs (simple mode)o External memory interface
• STOP and WAIT modeso Reduce power consumption when unit is idle
ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (3)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (3)
• Clock monitoro While in WAIT mode, the clock monitor verifies correct
operation and can reset the system if an error is detected
• Highest priority interrupto IRQ is elevated to highest priority since it indicates a request
for an emergency message
ECS: Context DiagramECS: Context Diagram
• What is the environment of the system that we are to design? ...
ECS: Top-Level Control/Data ECS: Top-Level Control/Data FlowFlow
• Identify the interface and “core” functions ...
ECS: System Control ECS: System Control Data/Control Flow DecompositionData/Control Flow Decomposition
• Decompose functions to a manageable design entity ...
ECS: Analysis ResultsECS: Analysis Results
• Analysis leads to:o System decomposition
Control and data transformationsData elements Information flowsCritical events
o Requirements for the transformations and data elements derived fromSystem requirementsOperational scenariosSupporting requirements
ECS: Analysis ResultsECS: Analysis Results
o Allocation of transformations and data elements to design entities that can be assigned to an individual designer or design team
o Requirements for each entity based on those for the individual transformations and data elements
• Functional analysis leading to physical realization
ECS: Block DiagramECS: Block Diagram
Other MicrocontrollersOther Microcontrollers
• Motorolao 68HC05 - low-cost 8-bit “core”o 68HC11 - high-performance 8-bit coreo 68HC16 - 16-bit coreo 68300 family - high-performance 32-bit core
• Intelo MCS-51 family - moderate-performance 8-bit coreo MCS-96 - 16-bit coreo 8096 - low-cost 16-bit coreo 80196 - high-performance 16-bit coreo Embedded processor versions of 80386 and i960 RISC
processor
Other MicrocontrollersOther Microcontrollers
• There are other vendorso Fujitsuo AMDo Philipso TIo Others ...
Motorola 68HC05 (2)Motorola 68HC05 (2)
• Block diagram
Motorola 68300 Family (1)Motorola 68300 Family (1)
• Features (68332)o 32-bit microcontrollero Based on CPU32 architecture (same as 680X0 family) with
new instructions for controller applicationso Low power operation (600 mW maximum, 500 µW in standby
mode)o 132-pin plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) packageo 16-bit intelligent timer
16 independent channels and pinsAny channel can perform input capture, output compare,
pulse width modulation
Motorola 68300 Family (2)Motorola 68300 Family (2)
o Serial ports68HC11-type SCI68HC11-type SPI with I/O queue
o On-chip 2K bytes standby RAMo On-chip programmable chip select logic with up to 12 output
signalso Up to 32 discrete I/O pinso System failure protection
Motorola 68300 Family (3)Motorola 68300 Family (3)
• Block diagram
Motorola 68300 Family (4)Motorola 68300 Family (4)
• Register diagram
Intel MCS-51 Family (1)Intel MCS-51 Family (1)
• Featureso 8-bit CPUo 0, 4K, 8K, 16K bytes on-chip ROM or EPROMo 128 or 256 bytes on-chip RAMo 64K address space for external data memory, 64K address space for
external program memoryo 32 input/output pinso Full-duplex serial I/Oo Two (or three) 16-bit timer/counterso Five (or six) interrupt sources with two priority level (preemptive)o Boolean processor
• Other vendors make MCS-51 compatible deviceso Philips
Built-in Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Bus controller
Intel MCS-51 Family (2)Intel MCS-51 Family (2)
• Block diagram
Intel MCS-96 Family (1)Intel MCS-96 Family (1)
• Featureso 16-bit CPUo Reconfigurable 8- or 16-bit external buso 8K bytes on-chip ROM or EPROMo 232 bytes on-chip RAMo Hardware multiply and divideo High-speed I/O unit (6 dedicated lines, 2 programmable lines)o 10-bit analog-to-digital convertero Full duplex serial porto Up to 40 I/O portso 21 interrupt sources with 8 programmable vectorso Pulse width modulated (PWM) output (for PWM output or conversion
to analog)o Watchdog timero 48-pin DIP and 68-pin PLCC packages
Intel MCS-96 Family (2)Intel MCS-96 Family (2)
• Block diagram
Processor Selection FactorsProcessor Selection Factors
• Economicso Parts costo Parts qualityo Development cost
Software development Development tools
o Testo Expertise and learning curve
• Politicalo Pacts, cooperative agreementso Investment interest
• Technicalo Application features matched to processor featureso Development tools
Application Characteristics (1)Application Characteristics (1)
• Data processingo Analysis of application should focus on critical calculations
that must be completed within real-time constraintso Precision of calculations: 8-, 16-, 32-bits?o Type of data: floating point, signed, unsigned?
• Input/outputo Number of signalso Special functions, e.g. serial I/O or handshaking
• Powero Need for low-power consumption
• Memoryo Size: how much data, program memory?o Type: volatility, updates (patches), configuration?
Application Characteristics (2)Application Characteristics (2)
• Real-time processingo Interrupt latencyo Timing subsystem performance
• Special functionso Analog-to-digital converterso Special drivers
• Programmatic issueso Quantitieso Development schedule
Development ToolsDevelopment Tools
• System-level (hardware and software)o Monitor programso Logic analyzerso Emulators
• Software-onlyo Software generation Assemblers - 68HC11 assembly language Compilers - C, PL/M Interpreters - FORTH, BASICo Simulators
When Not to Use a When Not to Use a Microprocessor/MicrocontrollerMicroprocessor/Microcontroller• Purely analog system
o Examples: amplifier, radio receiver, ...o Microcontroller or microprocessor may still be used for control
• High volume productso Examples: calculators, mass market toys, low-cost feature
telephones, Use custom or semicustom ICso Low-end microcontrollers may be competitive
• Very high performance applicationso Examples: radar, real-time high-resolution image processingo Use custom logic or bipolar bit-sliced processoro High-end RISC microprocssors/microcontrollers and
programmable digital signal processors (DSP) ICs may be competitive