otter casualties in south wales - cardiff university...6 1.3 monitoring otter mortalities otters...

Wilkinson C, Chadwick E

Cardiff University Otter Project

2012

Otter road casualties in South Wales: Recommendations for mitigation

1

This report was produced by Cardiff University, funded by the Trunk Road Agencies

(working for Welsh Government), using data compiled jointly from the Cardiff

University Otter Project and the Environment Agency.

Data used include records received prior to 15/12/2011.

Suggested citation:

Wilkinson, C and Chadwick, EA (2012) Otter casualties in North Wales:

Recommendations for Mitigation. Cardiff University Otter Project.

2

Summary

Background

1. Otter mortality on roads is thought to limit populations in some areas of the UK.

2. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan recommends that lead agencies “attempt to limit

accidental killing or injury (for example by provision of road underpasses and fyke

net guards), particularly on key catchments”.

Otters found in South Wales

3. Three hundred and nine otter carcasses have been received or recorded from South

Wales by the Cardiff University Otter Project and/or the Environment Agency. Of

these, 241 were road traffic casualties.

4. There were thirty two multiple mortality sites in the South Wales Trunk Road

Agency area.

Recommendations

6. High priority should be give to three areas: the A48 east of Carmarthen, the A484

south of Kidwelly and the A465 northeast of Neath.

7. Medium priority should be given to five areas: the A40 near St Clears, near

Gilwern, and south of Monmouth, the A484 south of Carmarthen and the A449 north

of Usk.

8. Other multiple mortality areas (listed in Table 1) are of lower priority, but

monitoring should be continued.

3

Contents

Summary 2

Introduction

1.1 The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra 4

1.2 Deaths on roads and mitigation 4

1.3 Monitoring otter mortalities 6

Methods

2.1 Collation of the dataset 7

2.2 Identification of multiple mortality sites 7

2.3 Rationale for prioritisation 7

2.4 Existing mitigation 8

Results

3.1 Road traffic casualties 10

3.2 Multiple mortality areas 10

3.3 Sites with four or more RTA casualties since 2000 17

Recommendations 28

References 29

Acknowledgements 29

Appendix A: List of all otters found within NWTRA area 30

Appendix B: All known existing mitigation 41

4

1. Introduction

1.1 The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra

The Eurasian otter population suffered a severe decline in the UK between the 1950s

and 1970s. It is widely accepted that the cause of the decline was contamination with

organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), combined with

direct persecution and habitat loss. This led to extinction of the otter across much of

central England, with remnant populations in Wales, Scotland and Southwest

England.

The otter is now a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) 1995 priority species, classified as

near threatened by the IUCN Red List and found in Appendix I of The Convention on

International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 1997. Otters are also listed in

Appendix II of the Bern Convention 1979 and Annex’s 2 and 4 of the EC Habitats

Directive 1992, protection transposed into domestic law through the Wildlife and

Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the Conservation of Habitats and Species

regulations 2010 (replacing the Conservation (Natural Habitats, & c.) Regulations

1994).

Protection from hunting in England and Wales was introduced in 1978, and bans on

organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were progressively introduced between 1962 and

1986. Since then, otter populations have recovered well (Crawford, 2010), but a high

level of mortality on the roads is thought to limit recovery in some areas.

1.2 Deaths on roads and mitigation

Otter activity tends to be concentrated around aquatic (riparian or coastal) areas, but

they will also travel considerable distances over land. Road traffic accidents (RTAs)

cause a significant number of casualties (149 otter carcasses were sent to Cardiff

University Otter Project (CUOP) in 2011, of which 80% were killed as the result of

RTA). This almost certainly underestimates the total number killed, not least because

dependent cubs are unlikely to survive following the death of their dam (mother).

Otters may cross roads for a number of reasons. They frequently travel on land,

alongside streams or ditches, presumably because this is more energy efficient than

swimming. Some 65% of otter mortalities occur within 100m of a watercourse, and of

these ~34% occur at bridges and 44% at culverts (Grogan et al. 2001). Bridge /

culvert design often leads to faster flows; otters may be reluctant or unable to swim

through in strong currents (exacerbated by spate flows) or may simply prefer to

continue travel on land. In some cases passage is blocked by a weir or by debris,

culverts are too narrow to allow passage, or are inclined and too slippery for otters to

gain purchase.

The UK Biodiversity Action Plan lists the proposed action: “Attempt to limit

accidental killing or injury (for example by provision of road underpasses and fyke

net guards), particularly on key catchments”. Road underpasses may take the form of

either ledges or dry culverts under bridges, in combination with appropriate fencing to

guide otters towards mitigation / away from threats. Some examples of otter ledges

and dry culverts are shown in Figures 1-3.

5

Figure 1. Otter ledge at Pont Dolau, Wales

(photograph provided by Geoff Liles)

Figure 2. Otter ledge over weir, Devon

(photograph provided by Cornwall Wildlife Trust)

Figure 3. Dry culvert at Neath Morfa Glas and spraint in dry culvert pipe

(photograph provided by Geoff Liles)

6

1.3 Monitoring otter mortalities

Otters reported dead in England or Wales are recorded in a monitoring project

managed collaboratively by the Environment Agency and Cardiff University. Otters

are typically reported by members of the public, or by staff from a number of

organisations (including the Environment Agency, Wildlife Trusts, Countryside

Council for Wales, and others). Details of the date, finder, and location are recorded

(location details typically including one or more of the following: named location,

national grid reference, sketch or digital map and a site description).

Where possible, carcasses are collected, frozen, and sent to Cardiff University for

post-mortem examination. Data are recorded on a range of factors including sex, age-

class and reproductive status. These data are archived, linked to details of the location

and date when the carcass was found. Location information can be used to guide

mitigation, and the addition of information on breeding activity (juveniles, or pregnant

/ lactating females) can be used to help prioritise sites for action.

Both Cardiff University and the Environment Agency maintain separate databases

listing casualties reported / examined.

7

2. Methods

2.1 Collation of the dataset

Data from both Environment Agency and Cardiff University databases were collated

(EA Wales database dated 15/12/2011, n = 929; CUOP database dated 15/12/2011, n

= 1869 from England and Wales).

All records from England were excluded. Remaining records from both databases

were cross-matched to identify and exclude duplicates. Records were assumed to be

duplicates where location and at least one other identifying feature (e.g. date)

matched. 475 records were duplicated on both databases, 144 records were unique to

the CUOP database, and 236 records were unique to the EA database, resulting in a

combined list of 855 casualties in Wales, of which 619 were collected for post

mortem. All records lacking grid references, or with grid references less than 6 figure

(n=70) were excluded from further analysis, leaving a dataset of 785 records.

2.2 Identification of multiple mortality sites

Examination of post mortem records (CUOP data) and finder notes (EA and CUOP

data) were used to ascertain cause of death. Where information was lacking, an RTA

was assumed if the otter was found on a road. 709 of the 785 otter mortalities reported

from Wales were thought to have occurred as a result of road traffic accident (RTA).

All non RTA’s were excluded from further analysis.

Remaining records (n = 709) were mapped using ArcMap GIS (Figure 4). Maps

indicating the boundary of South Wales Trunk Roads Agency (SWTRA) were used to

interrogate the otter casualty map and identify casualties in the SWTRA area.

Nearest neighbour analysis was used in ArcMap to identify proximity of each casualty

to all nearby casualties, within a limit of 2km. All cases where a casualty was found

within 2km of another were examined in further detail, as follows:

(i) Original case notes from the finder were checked to verify the accuracy of location data (e.g. by examination of detailed sketch maps, where

available).

(ii) Date of finding and post mortem notes (where available) were examined to identify related mortalities, such as the death of mother

and cub (either at the same time, or within a few days of one another).

When assessing multiple mortality events, related deaths are counted

here as a single event.

Post mortem notes are also used to highlight pregnant or lactating females and

juveniles, so that if required, sites can be prioritised based on evidence of breeding

activity.

All cases where four or more casualties were found in close proximity are mapped

using ArcMap GIS, with Ordnance Survey data from Edina Digimap.

2.3 Rationale for prioritisation

High priority sites were defined as those where 5 or more casualties had been

reported since 2000, all within close proximity to one another (

8

Medium priority sites were defined as those where 4 casualties had been reported

since 2000, all within close proximity to one another (

9

Figure 4. Distribution of otter casualties across England and Wales.

Otter casualties are shown in red (RTAs in South Wales), yellow (non RTAs in South Wales) and

black (all other casualties). Trunk Roads Agency Roads are shown in black (South Wales) or grey

(mid and north Wales). The dashed red line indicates the extent of Figure 5.

10

3. Results

3.1 Road traffic casualties

In the SWTRA area 241 road casualty otters have been recorded (Figure 5, listed in Appendix 1),

of which 157 (65.5%) were sent to CUOP for post mortem examination.

Of those examined post mortem, 99 (63%) were male and 58 (37%) were female. Breeding activity

was evidenced by 2 juveniles, and of the 27 adult females recorded, 8 (29.6%) were lactating and 3

(11.1%) were pregnant. In total 29.5% of females within the study area showed current evidence of

breeding.

3.2 Multiple mortality areas

Thirty two multiple mortality areas were identified. Eleven of these areas have had four or more

casualties since 2000 and are discussed in more detail (Figures 5 - 16; Table 1).

11

Figure 5. Otter casualties in South Wales.

Casualties in the SWTRA area are marked in red (RTAs) or yellow (non RTAs); all other casualties are shown in pale grey. Trunk Roads are shown

with thick lines in black (SWTRA) or grey (MWTRA); other primary routes are shown as thin grey lines. Rivers (blue) are also shown. Each area of

concern is circled and numbered to correspond with the information in Table 2.

12

Table 1. Multiple mortality sites.

Sites are numbered here as marked on Figures 5-16. Sites with four or more casualties since 2000 are marked with an asterisk, and described in more

detail below. Further information about each casualty is provided in the Appendix. Data origin states the source of the data (Environment Agency

(EA), Cardiff University Otter Project (CUOP) or both). NR = Never reproduced

Multiple

Mortality

Site

Reference

number

Road Data

origin

Date

found

Age Sex Reproductive

status

Notes

1 1906 A487 EA Aug-88 Adult Female Quiescent 5 individuals

1915 B4331 EA Dec-90 Adult Male

1931 A487 EA Aug-90 Not recorded

1943 A487 EA 27-Feb-90 Not recorded

1947 B4331 EA 01-Jan-91 Juvenile Male

2 14 Both 01-Mar-94 Adult Female Lactating 5 individuals inc. 2 lactating females

244 Both 23-Dec-94 Adult Male

461 A40 Both 02-Aug-01 Adult Male

1903 A40 EA 19-Nov-87 Adult Female Lactating

1999 off A40 EA 18-Apr-03 Adult Male

3 3 Both 05-Feb-94 Adult Male 7 individuals

36 A40 Both 22-Feb-95 Sub-adult Female NR

156 Both 13-Feb-98 Sub-adult Male

194 A40 Both 30-Nov-98 Adult Male

595 CUOP 29-Jun-03 Sub-adult Female NR

805 A40 Both 20-Apr-05 Adult Male

1941 A40 EA Feb-92 Adult Female Quiescent

4 13 Both 27-Feb-94 Adult Female Lactating 3 individuals inc. 1 pregnant female and 1

lactating female 46 A4076 Both 28-Jan-92 Adult Female Pregnant

801 A487 Both 16-Dec-05 Adult Male

5 1987 B4320 EA 08-Apr-83 Adult Female Not recorded 2 individuals.

1988 B4320 EA 01-Jan-93 Adult Not recorded

6 48 A439 Both 21-Nov-93 Adult Male 4 individuals


13


1345 A477 Both 14-Sep-08 Sub-adult Female NR

7 110 Both 17-Feb-97 Adult Female Quiescent 2 individuals.

593 CUOP 04-May-

03

Sub-adult Female NR

8 2072 Minor

road

EA 03-Mar-04 Not

recorded

Female Not recorded 2 individuals. No date recorded for 2186.

2186 minor

road

EA No date

given

Adult Female Quiescent

9* 202 Both 21-Jan-99 Adult Male 6 individuals

1884 A40 EA 27-Jan-11 Not recorded

1885 A40 EA 27-Feb-11 Not

recorded

Male

1964 A40 EA 01-Apr-93 Not recorded

2063 A477 EA 21-Jan-07 Adult Female Not recorded

2078 A40 EA 30-Mar-08 Adult Male

10 799 B4300 Both 22-Dec-05 Sub-adult Female NR 3 individuals

935 Minor

road

CUOP 09-Nov-06 Sub-adult Male

1578 A40 Both 29-Sep-09 Adult Male

11 1 Both 17-Feb-94 Sub-adult Male 2 individuals.

243 Both 10-Nov-99 Adult Male

12* 170 A476 Both Aug-98 Sub-adult Female NR 5 individuals

292 Both 15-Feb-00 Adult Male

1081 A483 Both 13-Feb-08 Sub-adult Male

1288 Minor

road

CUOP 13-Feb-09 Sub-adult Male

2079 A476 EA 03-Apr-08 Adult Female Not recorded

13 146 (B4312

nearest)

Both 19-Nov-97 Adult Male 2 individuals. No date given for 545.

545 Both no date

given

Sub-adult Female NR

14

14* 678 A484 Both 12-Jul-02 Sub-adult Female NR 4 individuals.

1887 A484 EA Mar-11 Not recorded

1890 A484 EA Mar-11 Not recorded

2116 A484 EA 16-Dec-08 Adult Female Not recorded

15* 59 Both 09-Feb-96 Adult Male 9 individuals

211 B4300 Both 11-Mar-99 Adult Male

512 A48 Both 06-Mar-02 Sub-adult Female NR

937 A48 CUOP 27-Nov-06 Sub-adult Female NR

1576 A48 Both 07-Apr-08 Adult Male

1579 A48 Both 28-Apr-10 Sub-adult Female NR

1970 A48 EA 12-Dec-92 Not recorded

2040 A48 EA 08-Dec-04 Not recorded

2129 A48 EA 11-Sep-09 Not recorded

16* 51 B4317 Both Oct-95 Adult Male 7 individuals

124 A484 Both 27-Jun-97 Adult Male

453 A484 CUOP 18-Oct-01 Sub-adult Male

813 A484 CUOP 20-Mar-06 Adult Female Quiescent

1346 A484 Both 31-Jan-07 Sub-adult Male

2004 A484 EA 23-Sep-03 Not recorded

2010 A484 EA 22-Jan-04 Not recorded

17 148 Both 02-Feb-98 Sub-adult Female NR 2 individuals. No date given for 509.

509 A476 CUOP no date

given

Sub-adult Female NR

18 703 B4304 CUOP 06-Jan-05 Adult Male 3 individuals

869 A4303 Both 21-Feb-06 Sub-adult Female NR

2109 B4308 EA 26 Sep 08 Not Recorded

19 1446 A484 Both 21-Jul-08 Adult Female Quiescent 3 individuals.

1599 A484 Both 20-Nov-09 Sub-adult Male

2136 A484 EA 06-Feb-10 Male

20 858 A4118 CUOP 13-Oct-06 Sub-adult Female NR 2 individuals.

1602 CUOP 22-Oct-10 Adult Male

15

21 218 Minor B

road

Both 23-Feb-99 Sub-adult Male 2 Individuals.

798 Marsh

road

(single

track lane)

Both 22-Nov-04 Sub-adult Female NR

22 24 Both 05-Jan-95 Sub-adult Male 2 individuals

114 Both 16-Mar-97 Adult Male

23 80 A4067 Both 03-Oct-96 Adult Male 3 individuals.

508 A4067 Both 11-Apr-02 Adult Female Quiescent

510 A4067 Both 01-May-

02

Adult Female Quiescent

24* 26 A4242 Both Jul-94 Adult Male 7 individuals

1640 A465 Both 02-Sep-10 Adult Female Quiescent

1973 B4242 EA 23-Apr-94 Adult Male

2028 A465 EA 23-Dec-03 Adult Not recorded

2031 B465 EA 08-Jan-04 Adult Not recorded

2034 A465 EA 04-Oct-04 Adult Not recorded

2125 A465 EA 30-Jul-09 Not

recorded

Not recorded

25 544 CUOP no date

given

Adult Male 2 individuals. No date given for 544.

808 A4504 Both 10-Dec-05 Adult Female Quiescent

26* 152 A465 Both 25-Feb-98 Adult Female Lactating 8 Individuals inc. 1 lactating female


849 A40 Both 23-Aug-06 Sub-adult Male

1040 A40 Both 06-May-

07

Adult Male

1332 Both 17-Mar-09 Adult Male

16

2041 A40 EA 19-Jan-05 Adult Not recorded

2059 A465 EA 16-Jul-06 Adult Male

2108 A40 EA 01-Oct-08 Not recorded

27* 254 A449 Both 01-Jan-00 Adult Male 4 individuals.


649 A449 Both 26-Jan-03 Sub-adult Male

2050 A449 EA 06-Sep-05 Adult Not recorded

28* 2001 A40 EA 07-Feb-01 Not recorded 4 individuals.


2045 A40 EA 01-May-

05

Adult Male


29 733 Both 08-Jun-05 Adult Female Quiescent 3 individuals.

1716 M4 CUOP 02-Jan-11 Adult Male

2017 M4 EA 10-Jun-04 Adult Not recorded

30* 294 M4 Both 24-Feb-00 Adult Male 4 individuals


807 A4042 Both Nov / Dec

2005

Adult Male

2073 M4 EA 07-Dec-07 Not recorded

31*

809 Minor Both 15-May-

04

Sub-adult Male 4 individuals. 3 casualties on minor road

between J23 (M4) and steelworks.

1744 Minor Both 17-Jan-08 Unknown Female Unknown

2020 Minor EA 08-Sep-04 Adult Not recorded

2054 Minor EA 24-Jan-06 Adult Not recorded

32 644 M48 Both 20-Nov-03 Sub-adult Male 2 individuals.

1806 M48 CUOP May-11 Sub-adult Female NR

17

3.3 Sites with four or more RTA casualties since 2000

Eleven areas have had clusters of four or more otter casualties since 2000. All available

information relating to otters from these clusters has been reviewed, and details are provided

below.

Area 9. Six mortalities have been reported from this area (Figure 6). Of these, only one (202) was

received by CUOP for post mortem; data are therefore limited. 202 and 1964 were both found

before 2000 (1999 and 1993 respectively); the remaining four were found between 2007 and 2011.

1884 and 1885 were killed a month apart and may have been related mortalities, but in the absence

of post mortem data this cannot be confirmed. Although 202 appears to be located on the Afon Taf,

location notes specify that it was found on a minor road, no further information is available to

verify the location..

Figure 6. Area of concern 9. Casualties are marked and numbered in red.

Information provided by SWTRA:

An otter ledge has been installed within a culvert at St Clears, near where casualties 1884 and 1964

were recorded on the A40. There are no other crossing pipes within 200m of this culvert.

© Crown Copyright 2012

18

Area 12. Five mortalities have been reported from this area (Figure 7), of which four were

received by CUOP for post mortem (all except 2079). One (170) was found in 1998, the remainder

were found between 2000 and 2009. Although spatially clustered, these casualties were all found

on different roads so targeted mitigation is unlikely to be effective.



19

Area 14. Four mortalities have been reported from this area (Figure 8), of which only one (678)

was received by CUOP for post mortem examination, so data are limited. All four were found

between 2002 and 2011, along the same 3km (approx) of the A484. Casualty 1887 was found 16

days after 1890 and may be a related mortality (therefore reducing the number of separate events in

this area to three), but in the absence of post mortem data this is unclear.



20

Area 15. Nine casualties have been reported from this area (Figure 9) of which six were received

by CUOP for post mortem examination. Three casualties were received before 2000 (59, 211 and

1970), the remaining six were found between 2002 and 2010. Seven casualties were found within 5

km of each other along the A48 (exceptions were 211, reportedly found on the B4310 and 59, for

which a road number was not given; neither grid reference map on to the road and exact locations

cannot be verifed).



21

Area 16. Seven individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 10), of which five were

received by CUOP for post mortem examination. Two were found before 2000 (51, in 1995 and

124 in 1997), the remainder were found between 2001 and 2007. Five casualties were found within

800m of each other, just south of Kidwelly where the road crosses the Gwendraeth Fawr river.

Figure 10. Area of concern 16. Casualties are marked and numbered in red


22

Area 24. Seven individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 11), of which two (26 and

1640) were received by CUOP for post mortem examination. Two were found before 2000 on the

B4242 (26 and 1973, both in 1994); no further casualties have been reported on the B4242 since.

The remaining five were found on the A465 between 2003 and 2010.



23

Area 26. Eight individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 12), of which five were

received by CUOP for post mortem examination. One (152) was found in 1998, the remainder

were found between 2000 and 2009. Both the A40 and A465 provide cause for concern. Casualty

152 was a lactating female.



24

Area 27. Four individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 13), of which three were

received by CUOP for post mortem examination. All casualties were found between 2000 and

2005, within a 5km stretch of the A449, North of Usk.



25

Area 28. Four individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 14), of which none were


2008 southwest of Monmouth on the A40 where the river Trothy runs parallel to the road.



26

Area 30. Four individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 15), of which three were


2007. Although casualty 294 plots south of the M4, finder notes state it was found on the

eastbound carriageway.



27

Area 31. Four individuals have been reported from this area (Figure 16), of which two (809 and

1744) were received by CUOP for post mortem examination. All casualties were found between

2004 and 2008.

Figure 16. Area of Concern 31.


28

4. Recommendations

High priority should be given to:

Area 15: the A48, east of Carmarthen (7 casualties, 6 of which since 2000).

Area 16: the A484 south of Kidwelly (6 casualties, 5 of which since 2000).

Area 24: the A465 northeast of Neath (5 casualties since 2000).

Medium priority should be given to:

Area 9: the A40 near St Clears (4 casualties since 2000)

Area 14: the A484 south of Carmarthen (4 casualties since 2000)

Area 26: the A40 near Gilwern (4 casualties since 2000)

Area 27: the A449 north of Usk (4 casualties since 2000)

Area 28: the A40 south of Monmouth (4 casualties since 2000)

Lower priority should be given to:

All other multiple mortality areas listed in Table 1.

29

5. References

Crawford AK (2010) Fifth Otter Survey of England 2009-2010. Environment Agency, Bristol

Grogan AL, Philcox CK, MacDonald DW (2001) Nature Conservation and Roads: Advice in

Highways Agency (2001) Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. Nature conservation advice in

relation to otters. Volume 10, Section 4. Available at:

http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/dmrb/index.htm

UK Biodiversity Action Plan. Species Action Plan: Otter Lutra lutra. Available at:

www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=428#2

6. Acknowledgements

Otter mortality records are collected with the aid of members of the public, and organisations

including the Environment Agency, Countryside Council for Wales, UK Wildlife Trusts, the police

and local authorities.

30

Appendix A. All otters found within South Wales Trunk Roads Agency Area. (Data origin states the original source of the data, either the Environment Agency (EA), Cardiff University Otter Project (CUOP) or Both).

Multiple

Mortality

Site

Reference

number

Data

origin

Date found Road X Y County Age Reproductive

status

Sex

11 1 Both 17-Feb-94 - 254700 219500 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

2 Both 17-Aug-92 181200 224600 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

3 3 Both 05-Feb-94 195900 224000 Dyfed Adult Male

4 13 Both 27-Feb-94 194000 216000 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

2 14 Both 01-Mar-94 194400 232200 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

15 Both 24-Apr-94 A484 242700 222200 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

23 24 Both 05-Jan-95 257700 189600 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

25 26 Both Jul-94 286400 205800 Glamorgan Adult Male

32 Both 06-Feb-95 213300 224900 Dyfed Adult Male

34 Both 25-Jul-93 A484 237800 233500 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

35 Both 10-Oct-95 206000 235300 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

3 36 Both 22-Feb-95 A40 195500 220100 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

38 Both 21-Nov-94 181100 208200 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

39 Both 01-Apr-95 - 263400 233900 Dyfed Adult Male

6 42 Both 08-Dec-94 199900 200900 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

4 46 Both 28-Jan-92 A4076 195500 214700 Dyfed Adult Pregnant Female

6 48 Both 21-Nov-93 A439 201300 200600 Dyfed Adult Male

49 Both 08-Oct-95 212800 202200 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

17 51 Both Oct-95 B4317 242600 202800 Dyfed Adult Male

15 59 Both 09-Feb-96 - 253200 215300 Dyfed Adult Male

60 Both 23-Dec-95 Minor 243200 227900 Dyfed Adult Pregnant Female

61 Both 13-Feb-96 B4317 251500 211700 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

75 Both 27th August A48 260700 202400 Glamorgan Adult Male

31

1996

24 80 Both 03-Oct-96 A4067 276000 207600 Glamorgan Adult Male

93 Both 02-Dec-96 - 263400 234300 Dyfed Adult Male

109 Both 25th February

1997

B4310 249500 221900 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

7 110 Both 17-Feb-97 211700 204600 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

23 114 Both 16-Mar-97 256900 190200 Glamorgan Adult Male

118 Both May-97 A487 201400 238900 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

17 124 Both 27-Jun-97 A484 241200 205600 Dyfed Adult Male

135 Both 20-Dec-97 (A48

nearest)

326900 183500 Gwent Adult Male

143 Both Jan-98 A487 218900 236800 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

13 146 Both 19-Nov-97 (B4312

nearest)

236400 212600 Dyfed Adult Male

147 Both 31-Jan-98 B4302 264700 230400 Dyfed Adult Male

18 148 Both 02-Feb-98 - 254500 210700 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

27 152 Both 25-Feb-98 A465 325900 214300 Gwent Adult Lactating Female

155 Both 01-Mar-98 A486 238400 237900 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

3 156 Both 13-Feb-98 196600 219800 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

167 Both 20-Apr-98 259500 222400 Dyfed Adult Male

12 170 Both Aug-98 A476 262300 221400 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

193 Both Nov-98 A487 185000 222500 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female


195 Both 02-Dec-98 - 246500 220400 Dyfed Adult Male

9 202 Both 21-Jan-99 - 226500 215500 Dyfed Adult Male

206 Both 05-Feb-99 - 259100 245400 Dyfed Adult Male

15 211 Both 11-Mar-99 B4300 249700 216800 Dyfed Adult Male

22 218 Both 23-Feb-99 minor b

road

250100 186500 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

32

11 243 Both 10-Nov-99 256800 219600 Dyfed Adult Male

2 244 Both 23-Dec-94 194300 232100 Dyfed Adult Male

28 254 Both 01-Jan-00 A449 341980 204820 Gwent Adult Male

256 Both Dec-99 218800 240400 Dyfed Adult Male

12 292 Both 15-Feb-00 - 263500 224300 Dyfed Adult Male

31 294 Both 24-Feb-00 M4 329200 188700 Gwent Adult Male

326 Both 13-Jul-00 B4296 259500 194600 Glamorgan Adult Male

327 Both Jun-00 A465 300400 207200 Glamorgan Adult Male

27 342 Both 02-Nov-00 A465 325000 214500 Gwent Adult Male

362 Both 19-Oct-00 332600 198500 Gwent Adult Quiescent Female


366 Both 14-Dec-00 A40(T) 253100 221500 Dyfed Juvenile Male

372 Both 07-Dec-00 197700 234700 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

373 Both 26-Jan-01 300700 180700 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

374 Both 14-Jan-01 310400 174500 Glamorgan Adult Male

410 Both 06-Jun-01 197500 194400 Dyfed Adult Male

419 Both 12-Dec-00 B4570 229600 241700 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

425 Both 22-Aug-01 217900 243600 Dyfed Sub-adult Female

442 Both 02-Nov-01 A40 266400 225600 Dyfed Adult Male

17 453 CUOP 18-Oct-01 A484 241200 205600 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

458 Both 31-Dec-01 205400 240400 Dyfed Adult Male

460 Both no date given A478 217900 243700 Dyfed Adult Male

2 461 Both 02-Aug-01 A40 194600 233900 Dyfed Adult Male

463 Both 11-Jan-01 229200 229700 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

24 508 Both 11-Apr-02 A4067 275900 207500 Glamorgan Adult Female

18 509 CUOP no date given A476 254500 210600 Dyfed Sub-adult Female

24 510 Both 01-May-02 A4067 275700 207200 Glamorgan Adult Quiescent Female

15 512 Both 06-Mar-02 A40 255200 214700 Dyfed Sub-adult Female

530 Both 15-Oct-02 B4347 345820 220220 Gwent Sub-adult Male

31 531 Both 11-Sep-02 A4042 331300 190300 Gwent Adult Male

33

543 CUOP 20-Jan-00 207092 215198 Dyfed Adult Male

26 544 CUOP no date given 304500 208700 Glamorgan Adult Male

13 545 Both no date given - 237003 213491 Dyfed Sub-adult Female

552 CUOP 21-Jan-03 217800 241800 Dyfed Adult Male

7 593 CUOP 04-May-03 212600 205200 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

594 Both 10th March 2003 Minor 216270 207030 Dyfed Adult Male

3 595 CUOP 29-Jun-03 195900 224100 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

612 CUOP 11-Nov-03 A465 320000 212200 Gwent Adult Male

619 Both 19th October

2003

A482 266000 238620 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

33 644 Both 20-Nov-03 M48 352590 191430 Gwent Sub-adult Male

28 645 Both 03-Sep-03 A449(T) 340400 202000 Gwent Adult Male

648 Both 08-Dec-03 A470 330454 220539 Gwent Adult Male

28 649 Both 26-Jan-03 A449 341220 203250 Gwent Sub-adult Male

664 CUOP 06-Mar-04 226638 241392 Dyfed Sub-adult Female

14 678 Both 12-Jul-02 A484 241200 213300 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

16 691 Both 21-Nov-04 Pentwyn

road


19 703 CUOP 06-Jan-05 B4304 250500 198500 Dyfed Adult Male

30 733 Both 08-Jun-05 313600 181380 Glamorgan Adult Quiescent Female

22 798 Both 22-Nov-04 Marsh

road

(single

track lane)

250300 187250 Glamorgan Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

10 799 Both 22-Dec-05 B4300 241850 219720 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

4 801 Both 16-Dec-05 A487 195070 215990 Dyfed Adult Male

802 CUOP 12-Jan-06 A487 212220 238120 Dyfed Adult Male

3 805 Both 20-Apr-05 A40 195700 221740 Dyfed Adult Male

34

31 807 Both Nov / Dec 2005 A4042 331290 190470 Gwent Adult Male

26 808 Both 10-Dec-05 A4504 304450 206680 Glamorgan Adult Quiescent Female

32 809 Both 15-May-04 Link to

Llanwern

steelworks

from J23

M4

341350 186680 Gwent Sub-adult Male

17 813 CUOP 20-Mar-06 A484 241200 204800 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

27 849 Both 23-Aug-06 A40 327900 215330 Gwent Sub-adult Male

853 Both 01-Sep-06 A40(T) 267150 226320 Dyfed Adult Male

21 858 CUOP 13-Oct-06 A4118 247100 189100 Glamorgan Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

867 Both 09-Oct-06 found in

harbour

244500 200300 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

19 869 Both 21-Feb-06 B4303 250000 199900 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

870 CUOP 15-Mar-06 A476 259010 217560 Dyfed Female

871 Both 19-Oct-06 not on

road

263450 192550 Glamorgan Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

10 935 CUOP 09-Nov-06 minor 240950 218100 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

936 Both 18-Feb-07 A477 193600 207800 Dyfed Adult Male

15 937 CUOP 27-Nov-06 A48 248710 217400 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

938 CUOP 18-Jan-07 B4302 264100 226900 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female


940 Both 29-Mar-07 minor 253140 223930 Dyfed Adult Male

941 Both 20-Nov-06 A40 260150 223750 Dyfed Adult Male

942 CUOP 24-Jan-07 A4069 272680 230510 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

958 Both 18-Feb-06 A48

Trunk

road

323940 182070 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

35

959 Both 15-Mar-04 A4055 315210 169660 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

962 Both 12-Jun-06 C Road

(lane)

337000 185500 Gwent Adult Lactating Female

1034 CUOP 12-Jan-07 316900 209900 Gwent Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

1036 Both 16-Dec-07 A4043 326390 207860 Gwent Sub-adult Male

1037 Both 25-Apr-07 B road 338500 210300 Gwent Sub-adult Male

1039 Both 27-Apr-07 B road 331130 216370 Gwent Adult Male

27 1040 Both 06-May-07 A40 328120 215210 Gwent Adult Male

1072 Both 03-Feb-08 M4 322900 183200 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

1080 Both 20-Sep-07 A48 329200 185900 Gwent Adult Male

12 1081 Both 13-Feb-08 A483 262620 220050 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

1083 Both 13-Jan-07 Minor

road


1171 Both 16-Jan-08 A466 352790 211030 Gwent Juvenile Never

reproduced

Female

12 1288 CUOP 13-Feb-09 Minor

Road

262600 222400 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

1330 CUOP Mar-09 301200 201500 Glamorgan Adult Male

27 1332 Both 17-Mar-09 N/A 327550 214820 Gwent Adult Male

1334 Both 01-Oct-08 A470 307600 208800 Glamorgan Sub-adult Male

6 1345 Both 14-Sep-08 A477 198350 203280 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

17 1346 Both 31-Jan-07 A484 242350 201410 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

1347 Both 16-Jan-08 Minor

road

265630 216810 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

1350 Both 01 Febraury

2006

B4330 192370 223650 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

20 1446 Both 21-Jul-08 A484 254060 198770 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

1496 CUOP 31-Jan-10 A40(T) 269400 228700 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

1506 CUOP 20-Jan-10 Minor

road

234290 239460 Dyfed Adult Pregnant Female

36

15 1576 Both 07-Apr-08 A48 247960 217750 Dyfed Adult Male

1577 Both 04-Nov-09 A484 237533 231849 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

10 1578 Both 29-Sep-09 A40 241900 220200 Dyfed Adult Male

15 1579 Both 28-Apr-10 A48 250060 217050 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

1580 Both 26/06/2007 A40 235170 219160 Dyfed Adult Male

1590 CUOP 28/08/2010 A48 298900 175100 Glamorgan Adult Male

20 1599 Both 20/11/2009 A484 255200 198200 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

21 1602 CUOP 22/10/2010 247000 189000 Glamorgan Adult Male

1633 Both 25/10/2009 B4299 228900 224700 Dyfed Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

25 1640 Both 02/09/2010 A465 282500 202700 Glamorgan Adult Quiescent Female

1641 CUOP 16/09/2010 B4329 208600 233900 Dyfed Sub-adult Male

30 1716 CUOP 02-Jan-11 M4 313600 181600 Glamorgan Adult Male

32 1744 Both 17-Jan-08 Minor,

unknown

340000 186100 Gwent Unknown Unknown Female

33 1806 CUOP May-11 M48 352540 191390 Gwent Sub-adult Never

reproduced

Female

1881 EA 25-Oct-09 B4299 228900 224700 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1883 EA Jan-11 B4039 249320 207120 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

9 1884 EA 27-Jan-11 A40 228890 216690 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

9 1885 EA 27-Feb-11 A40 225370 216880 Dyfed Not

recorded

Male

14 1887 EA Mar-11 A484 241300 212760 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

14 1890 EA Mar-11 A484 241210 211890 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2 1903 EA 19-Nov-87 A40 194200 231600 Dyfed Adult Lactating Female

1 1906 EA Aug-88 A487 188700 232000 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

37

1907 EA Dec-89 A40 259600 223400 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

1909 EA 04-Feb-90 A478 217200 229300 Dyfed Adult Male

1 1915 EA Dec-90 B4331 189200 231700 Dyfed Adult Male

1919 EA Feb-89 A40 273200 232400 Dyfed Adult Female

1928 EA Jan-89 A487 212300 238200 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

1 1931 EA Aug-90 A487 188300 231700 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1938 EA 01-Aug-90 A484 262400 197000 Glamorgan Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1939 EA 25-Oct-99 A466 278500 199600 Glamorgan Cub Not

recorded

3 1941 EA Feb-92 A40 195500 220200 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

1942 EA Apr-96 B4327 184500 210600 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1 1943 EA 27-Feb-90 A487 188700 232000 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1944 EA Apr-84 A4219 193600 235700 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

1 1947 EA 01-Jan-91 B4331 189200 231700 Dyfed Juvenile Male

9 1964 EA 01-Apr-93 A477 228600 216500 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

1967 EA 01-Jan-96 A4054 306800 203200 Gwent Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

15 1970 EA 12-Dec-92 A48 253100 216100 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

25 1973 EA 23-Apr-94 B4242 286800 205900 Glamorgan Adult Male

1981 EA 01-Jun-96 A4069 272700 230600 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

1982 EA 01-Oct-93 A487 202400 238600 Dyfed Adult Male

1986 EA 04-Nov-89 B4319 197000 197400 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

5 1987 EA 08-Apr-83 B4320 194800 199800 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

5 1988 EA 01-Jan-93 B4320 194900 199800 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

38

2 1999 EA 18-Apr-03 off A40 194490 233180 Dyfed Adult Male

2000 EA No date given M4 319900 183700 Glamorgan Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

29 2001 EA 07-Feb-01 A40(T) 346700 210100 Gwent Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2002 EA 12-May-03 A4136 353000 213400 Gwent Adult Male

17 2004 EA 23-Sep-03 A484 241100 205500 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2006 EA 26-Nov-03 across

Betws

Mountain

266300 209900 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

29 2007 EA 15-Jan-04 A40 347920 210380 Gwent Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

17 2010 EA 22-Jan-04 A484 241100 205500 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

30 2017 EA 10-Jun-04 M4 312400 181300 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

32 2020 EA 08-Sep-04 340970 186350 Gwent Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2024 EA 31-Oct-02 N/A 203370 239310 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

25 2028 EA 23-Dec-03 A465 284900 204500 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2030 EA 05-Jan-04 A4067 275300 206500 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

25 2031 EA 08-Jan-04 A465 283300 203100 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2032 EA 25-Mar-04 M4 Slip

Road

M4 slip

Road

276200 190400 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2033 EA 05-Apr-04 A4067 273000 204700 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

39

25 2034 EA 04-Oct-04 A465 282400 202700 Glamorgan Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

15 2040 EA 08-Dec-04 A48 252000 216610 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded


recorded

2042 EA 24-Jan-05 A477 223510 212960 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

29 2045 EA 01-May-05 A40 350470 211650 Gwent Adult Male

28 2050 EA 06-Sep-05 A449 339580 200630 Gwent Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2053 EA 18-Jan-06 B239 324500 178955 Glamorgan Adult Lactating Female

32 2054 EA 24-Jan-06 Whitewall 343200 186300 Gwent Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

2056 EA 07-Mar-06 A449 342520 207840 Gwent Adult Male

27 2059 EA 16-Jul-06 A465 324410 214380 Gwent Adult Male

2062 EA 18-Nov-06 B4235 342700 199700 Gwent Adult Male

9 2063 EA 21-Jan-07 A477 226100 215000 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

2065 EA 26-Jan-07 A4069 272500 229950 Dyfed Not

recorded

Male

2066 EA 01-Feb-07 B4310 249360 220830 Dyfed Adult Male

2068 EA 10-Apr-07 A483 258600 209370 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2071 EA 29-Jun-07 A482 268600 237100 Dyfed Adult Male

8 2072 EA 03-Mar-04 un-named

minor

road

218150 215050 Dyfed Not

recorded

Female

31 2073 EA 07-Dec-07 M4 330100 189300 Gwent Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded


recorded

2076 EA 10-Mar-08 A48 245370 218150 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

40

9 2078 EA 30-Mar-08 A40 230200 217100 Dyfed Adult Male

12 2079 EA 03-Apr-08 A476 261150 219880 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

2081 EA 21-Apr-08 A40 236070 219350 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Female

27 2108 EA 01-Oct-08 A40 326500 215600 Gwent Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

19 2109 EA 26-Sep-08 B4308 249300 201550 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2110 EA 12-Aug-08 A487 212370 238103 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

2115 EA 11-Aug-08 A487 211000 238000 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

14 2116 EA 16-Dec-08 A484 241290 214870 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Female

2121 EA 25-Jan-09 A40 210820 216150 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

2122 EA 17-Feb-09 M4 310000 181000 Glamorgan Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

2123 EA 05-Apr-09 A484 238150 237210 Dyfed Adult Not recorded Not

recorded

25 2125 EA 30-Jul-09 A465 285100 204500 Glamorgan Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

15 2129 EA 11-Sep-09 A48 248350 217550 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

20 2136 EA 06-Feb-10 A484 255100 198300 Dyfed Male

2150 EA 30-Jun-10 A48(T) 257600 208155 Dyfed Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

25 2156 EA 02-Sep-10 A465T 282500 202700 Glamorgan Not

recorded

Not recorded Not

recorded

16 2179 CUOP 21-Nov-04 Pentwyn

Road


8 2186 EA No date given minor 218150 215050 Dyfed Adult Quiescent Female

41

Appendix B. All known existing mitigation

Site location Route Grid

reference

Existing mitigation Date

implemented

Within area

of concern?

Glanmynys,

Llandovery

A40 Not provided Otter ledge and fencing Not provided No

Nant y Bugail A40 Not provided Dry culvert and otter

fencing

Not provided No

Ciluawen to

Trecwn

A40 Not provided Otter tunnel Not provided No

Cutty Bridge A40 Not provided Fencing and culvert Not provided No

Henllan,

Pembrokeshire

A487 Not provided Dry culvert and fencing Not provided No

Llechryd,

Rhymney

A465 Not provided Otter ledge Pre-2007 No

Sageston Bypass A477 Not provided Otter ledges and otter

fences at Redberth

Lodge

Pre-2003 No

Penblewin to

Slebech Park

A40 Not provided Otter fencing 2011 No

Tredegar to

Dowlais Top,

Nant yr Helig

watercourse

A465 Not provided Dry pipe underpass,

mammal ledge and

fencing

Not provided No

The Kell A40 Not provided Otter ledge Not provided No

St Clears

A40 Not provided Otter ledge Not provided Yes, area 9

otter casualties in south wales - cardiff university...6 1.3 monitoring otter mortalities otters...

Documents