ou-2 riwp appendix b - sopspceplume-700s1600e.net/documents/pdf/pdf_2018/ou-2 riwp appen… ·...

NG0105171142SLC B-I

ContentsSection Page

SOPB.1EquipmentCalibration ......................................................................................................... B-11.0 PurposeandScope ......................................................................................................... B-12.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................... B-13.0 Procedures...................................................................................................................... B-14.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................... B-4

SOPB.2DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment....................... B-71.0 PurposeandScope ......................................................................................................... B-72.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................... B-73.0 Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... B-74.0 Procedures...................................................................................................................... B-85.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-10

SOPB.3FieldDocumentation ......................................................................................................... B-111.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-112.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-113.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-114.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-125.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-12

SOPB.4RotosonicDrillingandMonitoringWellInstallation ........................................................... B-131.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-132.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-133.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-154.0 DecontaminationandWasteDisposal ......................................................................... B-315.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-316.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-317.0 Attachments ................................................................................................................. B-328.0 RelevantLiterature ....................................................................................................... B-32

SOPB.5DownholeGeophysicalandFlowmeterLogging ................................................................. B-351.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-352.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-353.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-354.0 KeyChecksandPreventativeMaintenance ................................................................. B-385.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-386.0 RelevantLiterature ....................................................................................................... B-38

SOPB.6UseofDataLoggersandPressureTransducers................................................................... B-391.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-392.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-393.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-394.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-40

SOPB.7AquiferTesting .................................................................................................................. B-411.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-412.0 SlugTests ...................................................................................................................... B-413.0 PumpingTests .............................................................................................................. B-43

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4.0 References .................................................................................................................... B-47

SOPB.8GroundwaterElevationMeasurements ............................................................................. B-491.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-492.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-493.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-49

SOPB.9Low-flowGroundwaterSamplingfromMonitoringWells .................................................. B-511.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-512.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-513.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-514.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-535.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-54

SOPB.10GroundwaterSamplingProceduresforLow-YieldWells ................................................... B-551.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-552.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-553.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-554.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-575.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-57

SOPB.11ZISTGroundwaterSampling............................................................................................. B-591.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-592.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-593.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-594.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-625.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-626.0 References .................................................................................................................... B-63

SOPB.12DirectPushandHydropunchGroundwaterSampleCollection ......................................... B-651.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-652.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-653.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-654.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-665.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-67

SOPB.13SampleHandlingandShipping ......................................................................................... B-691.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-692.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-693.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-694.0 Documentation............................................................................................................. B-71

SOPB.14Direct-PushSoilandSoilGasSampleCollection ............................................................... B-731.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-732.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-733.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-754.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-845.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-85

SOPB.15ConePenetrationTesting................................................................................................. B-871.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-872.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-87

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Section Page

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3.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-874.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-885.0 RelevantLiterature ....................................................................................................... B-88

SOPB.16SurfaceSoil/Hand-augerSampling ................................................................................... B-891.0 PurposeandScope ....................................................................................................... B-892.0 EquipmentandMaterials ............................................................................................. B-893.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................... B-894.0 DocumentationandFieldForms .................................................................................. B-905.0 QualityControl ............................................................................................................. B-90

SOPB.17AnalyticalMethodfortheDeterminationofVolatileOrganicsinAirUsingtheHAPSITEFieldGC/MS ................................................................................................... B-911.0 ScopeandApplication .................................................................................................. B-912.0 OverviewoftheAnalyticalProcess .............................................................................. B-913.0 TargetAnalytes,ReportingLimits,andDetectionLimits.............................................. B-924.0 Interferences ................................................................................................................ B-925.0 SampleCollection,Storage,HoldingTimes,andPreservation..................................... B-926.0 ApparatusandMaterials .............................................................................................. B-927.0 Standards,Gases,andReagents................................................................................... B-938.0 QualityAssurance/QualityControl ............................................................................... B-939.0 Procedure ..................................................................................................................... B-9510.0 Tables............................................................................................................................ B-97

SOPB.18HAPSITEScreeningwiththeHeadspaceSamplingSystem .............................................. B-101

SOPB.19SurfaceWaterSampling................................................................................................. B-1311.0 PurposeandScope ..................................................................................................... B-1312.0 EquipmentandMaterials ........................................................................................... B-1313.0 Procedures.................................................................................................................. B-1314.0 DocumentationandFieldForms ................................................................................ B-1325.0 QualityControl ........................................................................................................... B-132

SOPB.20DataManagementPlan ................................................................................................. B-1331.0 Introduction................................................................................................................ B-1332.0 DataManagementSystemandProcesses.................................................................. B-1363.0 DataProductsandDocumentation ............................................................................ B-1434.0 DatabaseAdministrationandSecurity ....................................................................... B-1465.0 References .................................................................................................................. B-147

STANDARDOPERATINGPROCEDUREB.1

NG0105171142SLC B-1

SOPB.1 EquipmentCalibration1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesageneralguidelineforthecalibrationoffieldequipment.Fieldpersonnelshouldconsultequipmentmanualsforspecificcalibrationprocedures.Fieldequipmentshouldbecalibratedatthestartofeveryworkdayandre-calibratedifequipmentdriftisobserved.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Fieldequipmentforcalibration(forexample,waterqualitymeter)• Calibrationcupforwaterqualitymeters• Disposablegloves• Papertowels• Sprayorsqueezebottlewithdistilledordeionizedwater• Calibrationstandards(Section3)• Fieldformorfieldlogbook

3.0 Procedures3.1 WaterLevelMetersWaterlevelmeterstypicallydonotrequirecalibration.Theproperoperationofawaterlevelmetercanbecheckedasfollows:

1. Ensurethethumbscrewsaretight.Ifan“on/off”switchispresentsettheswitchtothe“on”position.

2. Submersetheelectrodeintapwater.Theactionshouldcompletethecircuitandactivatethebuzzer.

3. Somemetersmayhaveasensitivityknobforcascadingwater.Ifthebuzzerdoesnotsound,ensurethesensitivityknobisnotsettothelowestsensitivitypositionandimmersetheprobeagain.

4. Ifthebuzzerisnotactivated,replacethebattery.Checkthebatteryoperationbydepressingthe“test”or“changemode”buttonwhiletheprobeisnotimmersedinwater.

3.2 WaterQualityMetersWaterqualitymeters(YSI6-Series)generallyincludeprobesforthemeasurementoftemperature,conductivity,dissolvedoxygen(DO),pH,oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP),andturbidity.Thetypesofprobespresentdependonthetypeofwaterqualitymeter.Theequipmentmanualshouldbeconsultedforthespecificcalibrationandmaintenanceproceduresforeachtypeofprobe.TheequipmentmanualisincludedasanattachmenttothisSOP.Thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowedinconjunctionwiththeequipmentmanualforthecalibrationofthemeter.

3.2.1 TemperatureCalibrationTemperatureprobesgenerallycannotbecalibratedandshouldnotrequirecalibration.Tochecktheaccuracyofthetemperaturereading,thetemperatureprobecanbecomparedtoathermometerorotherknownreferenceinawaterbath.Ifthetemperaturesensorisnotreadingaccurately,ensuretheprobeiscleanandfreeofdebris.

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3.2.2 pHCalibrationAthree-pointpHcalibrationshouldbeusedforthecalibrationofthepHelectrode.Consulttheequipmentmanualforspecificcalibrationproceduresinadditiontothefollowingsteps:

1. Rinseanddrytheelectrodeandthecalibrationcuppriortocalibration.Anyrinsewaterpresentontheprobesorinthecalibrationcupmaydilutethecalibrationstandards.

2. FillthecalibrationcupwithpH7.00solution.Ensuretheprobeisfullyimmersed.

3. MonitorthepHreadingsonthedatalogger.Allow1minutefortemperaturestabilizationandsufficientadditionaltimeforthereadingstostabilize.Press“calibrate.”

4. FollowstepstwoandthreewithpHbuffers4.00and10.00.Rinseanddrytheelectrodeandcalibrationcupinbetweencalibrationstandards.

IfpHreadingsfailtostabilize,gentlycleantheelectrodewithdistilledwater.Thebulbshouldnotbemechanicallycleaned;thebulbcanbreakandabrasioncanleadtopermanentdamage.Ifanairbubbleisobservedintheelectrodetip,themetercanbecarefullyshakentodislodgetheairbubble.

3.2.3 SpecificConductivityCalibrationConductivityprobescanbecalibratedforconductivity,specificconductance,salinity,andtotaldissolvedsolids.Unlessotherwisenotedtheprobeshouldbecalibratedforspecificconductance.Theequipmentmanualshouldbeconsultedforspecificproceduresinadditiontothefollowinggeneralsteps:

1. Rinseanddrytheprobeandthecalibrationcuppriortocalibration.Ifpossible,rinsetheconductivitysensorwithasmallamountofcalibrationstandardthatcanbediscarded.Notethatconductivitycalibrationstandardsaresensitivetodilution.

2. Fillthecalibrationcupwiththeconductivitystandard(typicallya1.413milliSiemenspercentimeterstandardisused).Ensuretheprobeisfullyimmersed.

3. Gentlyrotatethemeter/probestoremoveanybubblesfromtheconductivitycell.

4. Allow1minutefortemperaturestabilizationandsufficientadditionaltimeforthereadingtostabilize.Press“calibrate.”

3.2.4 DissolvedOxygenCalibrationArapidpulseDOprobeoranopticalDOprobemaybepresentdependingonthemetertype.Aone-pointsaturatedaircalibrationisusedforbothprobetypes.Thefollowinggeneralstepsshouldbefollowedinadditiontothespecificproceduresoutlinedintheequipmentmanual.

1. RinseanddrytheDOprobeandthecalibrationcuppriortocalibration.

2. Placeapproximately⅛-inchofwaterinthebottomofthecalibrationcup.

3. Placetheprobeintothecalibrationcup,ensuringthattheDOandtemperatureprobesarenotincontactwithwater.

4. EngageonlyoneortwothreadsofthecalibrationcuptoallowtheDOprobetobeventedtotheatmosphere.

5. IftheprobeisanopticalDOprobe,selectODOsat%.Whenprompted,enterthebarometricpressureinmillimetersHg.Thebarometricpressuremaybeprovidedbythemeter,dependingonmetertype.

6. Waitatleast5minutesfortheairinthecalibrationcuptobecomewatersaturatedandthetemperaturetoequilibrate(consulttheequipmentmanualforthespecifictimerequiredforequilibration).


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7. Press“calibrate”oncethereadinghasstabilized.

Ifarapidpulseoxygenprobeisbeingusedandthereadingsfailtostabilize,theelectrolytesolutionandmembranemayneedtobereplaced.Consulttheequipmentmanualformaintenanceprocedures.

3.2.5 TurbidityCalibrationAtwo-pointcalibrationshouldbeconductedforthecalibrationofturbidityprobes.Followthegeneralstepsprovidedbelowinadditiontospecificproceduresprovidedbytheequipmentmanual.

1. Rinseanddrytheturbidityprobeandthecalibrationcuppriortocalibration.

2. Selectatwo-pointcalibration.

3. Fillthecalibrationcupwiththe0NephelometricTurbidityUnit(NTU)standard.Distilledwatermaybeusedifa0NTUstandardisnotprovided.

4. Inserttheprobeintothecalibrationcup,ensuringthetipoftheturbidityprobeisimmersedinthecalibrationstandard.

5. Dependingontheprobetype,theprobemaybecleanedduringcalibration.Activatethewiperbyselecting“cleanoptics”iftheoptionispresentonthescreen.

6. Allowsufficienttimeforreadingstostabilize.

7. Press“calibrate.”

8. Followstepsthreethroughsevenforthesecondcalibrationstandard.Ensurethecalibrationcupandprobearecleananddrybeforeswitchingcalibrationstandards.

3.2.6 Oxidation-ReductionPotentialCalibrationThefollowinggeneralstepsshouldbefollowedfortheORPcalibrationinadditiontothespecificproceduresprovidedbythecalibrationmanual.

1. PreparetheZoBellORP/Redoxstandardsolutionaccordingtotheinstructionsonthecontainer.Oncemixedthesolutionmaybeusedforupto6months.

2. ConsultthetemperaturecharttofindthecorrespondingORPcalibrationvalue.

3. RinseanddrytheORPprobeandthecalibrationcuppriortocalibration.

4. PourthepreparedZoBellsolutionintothecalibrationcup.

5. Inserttheprobeintothecalibrationcup.EnsuretheprobeisfullyimmersedintheORPsolution.Dependingontheavailablevolumeofsolution,themetermayneedtobesetatanangletoimmersetheprobe.

6. SelecttheORPcalibrationandentertheORPcalibrationvaluewhenprompted.

7. Allowsufficienttimeforthereadingstostabilize.

8. Press“calibrate.”

Oncethecalibrationproceduresarecomplete,rinsetheprobesandcalibrationcuptoremoveanytracesofcalibrationstandards.Theprobesshouldbestoredinthecalibrationcupwithasmallamountofdistilledwatertokeepthesensorsmoist.


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3.3 PhotoionizationDetectorsPhotoionizationdetectors(PIDs)areusedforfieldscreeningofsitecontaminants.Thevaluesrecordedbythedetectorrepresentatotalvolatileorganicconcentrationofthegasespresentatasite.Thefollowinglimitationsshouldbenotedpriortothecalibrationandoperationoftheinstrument.Consulttheequipmentmanualforadditionalspecificationsandspecificcalibrationprocedures.

• PIDsdonotdetectmethaneandcannotbeusedasanindicatorforcombustiblegasesoroxygendeficiency.

• PIDsdonotdetectcompoundswithionizationpotentialsthatexceedtheenergyleveloftheinstrumentsbulb.

• Responsemaychangewhengasesaremixed.

• Othervoltagesourcessuchaspowerlinesmayinterferewiththemeasurements.

• Readingscanonlybereportedrelativetothecalibrationstandardused.

• Responseisaffectedbyhighhumidity.Duringcoldweather,condensationmayformontheultraviolet(UV)lightsourcewindow,resultinginerroneousresults.

• Totalconcentrationsarerelativetothecalibrationgasused.Therefore,specificcontaminantconcentrationscannotbeidentified.

• Overthe0to2,000partspermillionrange,responseislineartothecalibrationgas.Greaterconcentrationsmaybedisplayedatahigherorlowerlevelthanthetruevalue.

• Windspeedsgreaterthan3milesperhourmayaffectfanspeedandreadings,dependingonthepositionoftheproberelativetowinddirection.

Calibrationsandstandardsvarydependingontheequipmentmodel.Thefollowingproceduresshouldbefollowedinadditiontothespecificproceduresoutlinedintheequipmentmanual.

1. TurnontheinstrumentandconnectthesamplinghosetoaTedlarbagfilledwithcalibrationgasortoaregulatortocalibrate.Thecalibrationgasshouldnotbeusedbeyondthedateindicatedonthecanister.

2. Ensurethefinalcalibrationvaluematchesorapproximatestheconcentrationlistedonthecalibrationgascanister.

3. Ifthevaluedoesnotmatchorapproximatethecalibratedconcentration,theinstrumentshouldberecalibratedand/orrepaired.

Consulttheequipmentmanualformaintenanceandtroubleshootingprocedures.Theconditionofthebulbandbatteryshouldbecheckedonaregularbasis.TheUVlightsourcewindowandionizationchambershouldbecleanedregularly.Thefiltersshouldbecheckedandcleanedregularlyandcaretakentopreventsolidsandliquidsfrombeingdrawnintotheinstrument.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsThefollowinginformationshouldbenotedontheappropriatefieldformand/orfieldlogbook:

• Dateandtimeofcalibration• Instrumentmodelandserialnumber• Personnelconductingcalibration• Calibrationstandards• Readingsbeforeandaftercalibration(ifapplicable)• Anymaintenanceortroubleshootingproceduresconducted• Anyre-calibrationproceduresconductedinresponsetoequipmentdriftormalfunction

SOPB.1AttachmentYSI6-SeriesMultiparameterWater

QualitySondes


NG0105171142SLC B-7

SOPB.2 DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment1.0 PurposeandScopeThepurposeandscopeofthisstandardoperatingprocedureistoprovidegeneralguidelinesforthedecontaminationofpersonnel,samplingequipment,andmonitoringequipmentusedinpotentiallycontaminatedenvironments.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Distilledwater

• Potablewater

• Phosphate-freedetergent(forexample,Alconoxorequivalent)solution(2.5percentbyweight)

• Isopropylalcoholormethanol

• Plasticbuckets,scrubbrushes,spraybottlesforAlconoxorLiquinoxsolution,papertowels,water,plasticgarbagebags,andplasticsheets

• DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)-approved55-gallondrumfordisposalofwaste

• Drumlabels

• Disposablenitrilegloves

• Steamcleaner/high-pressurecleanerforlargeequipment

• Dedicatedsteam-cleaningpad(tobelocatedinareadesignatedbyFieldTeamLeader)

3.0 Guidelines3.1 HealthandSafetyPriortodecontaminationactivitiesfieldpersonnelwilldonappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)asdefinedinthehealthandsafetyplan.Ataminimum,PPEwillincludedisposablegloves,safetyglasses,andsteel-toedboots.

3.2 DrillingRigsandMonitoringWellMaterialsHeavyequipmentandmachineryincludingdrillingrigsanddrillingequipmentwillbesteamcleanedinadesignatedareabeforetheonsetofdrilling,aftereachborehole,beforedrillingthroughpermanentisolationcasing,andbeforeleavingthesite.Thesteam-cleaningareawillbedesignedtocontaindecontaminationwasteandwastewaterandwillbeahigh-densitypolyethylene-lined,bermedpad.Apumpingsystemwillbeusedtoconveydecontaminatedwaterfromthepadtodrums.

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.2–DECONTAMINATIONOFPERSONNEL,HEAVYEQUIPMENT,ANDSAMPLINGEQUIPMENT

B-8 NG0105171142SLC

3.3 DownholeDrillingToolsDownholetoolswillbesteamcleanedbeforetheonsetofdrilling,priortodrillingthroughpermanentisolationcasing,andbetweenboreholes.Thiswillinclude,butwillnotbelimitedto,rods,split-spoonsorsimilarsamplers,coringequipment,augers,andcasing.

Beforetheuseofasamplingdevicesuchasasplit-spoonsamplerforthecollectionofasoilsampleforphysicalcharacterization,thesamplerwillbecleanedbyscrubbingwithadetergentsolutionfollowedbyapotablewaterrinse.

Beforetheuseofasamplingdevicesuchasasplit-spoonsamplerforthecollectionofasoilsampleforchemicalanalysis,thesamplerwillbedecontaminatedfollowingtheproceduresoutlinedinSection4.3.

3.4 FieldEquipmentEquipmentusedinsamplingmustbedecontaminatedpriortoeachuseinordertopreventcrossovercontaminationorcontaminationofasample.SamplingequipmentmustbedecontaminatedasdescribedinSection4unlessmanufacturer’sinstructionsindicateotherwise.

3.5 Water-levelIndicatorsWater-levelindicatorsthatconsistofaprobethatcomesintocontactwiththegroundwatermustbedecontaminatedusingthefollowingsteps:

• RinsewithAlconoxorLiquinoxsolution.Ifnecessary,scrubusingabrushtoremoveanyresidualmaterialontheprobe(forexample,anyoilyresidueencountered).

• Rinsewithpotablewater.

• Rinsewithdistilledwater.

3.5.1 Meters/ProbesProbes(forexample,water-qualitymeters,pHorspecificionelectrodes,flow-throughcell,geophysicalprobes,orthermometerscomingindirectcontactwiththesample)willbedecontaminatedusingtheproceduresspecifiedforwater-levelindicatorsunlessmanufacturer’sinstructionsindicateotherwise.Devicesthathavebeenfouledbynon-aqueousphaseliquidshouldbealternatelycleanedusingisopropylalcoholandAlconoxsolution.Forprobesthatmakenodirectcontactwiththesample(forexample,organicvapormonitoringequipment)theprobewillbewipedwithpapertowelsorclothwettedwithisopropylalcohol.

4.0 Procedures4.1 PersonnelDecontaminationPersonneldecontaminationshouldbeperformedafterthecompletionoffieldactivitieswheneverpotentialforexposuretocontaminationexists.

1. SpraybootswithAlconoxsolutionandrinsewithpotablewater.Ifdisposablelatexbootiesarewornoverbootsintheworkarea,rinsewithAlconoxsolution,remove,anddiscardintoDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

2. RemoveouterglovesanddiscardintoDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

3. RemoveanddiscardTyvekdisposablecoverallsintoDOT-approved55-gallondrum,ifwearing.Removerespirator,ifwearing.

4. Removeinnerglovesanddiscard.


NG0105171142SLC B-9

5. Showerentirebodyattheendoftheworkday,includinghair,eitherattheworksiteorathome.

6. Sanitizerespiratorifworn.

4.2 SamplingEquipmentDecontamination–GroundwaterSamplingPumps

Ifsamplingpumpsandtubingneedtobedecontaminated,thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowed:

1. Putondisposablegloves.

2. Spreadplasticsheetingonthegroundtokeephosesandtubingfromtouchingtheground.

3. Removepumpfromwellandplacepumpincleanbucket,makingsurethattubingdoesnottouchtheground.

4. Pump1gallonofAlconoxsolutionthroughthesamplingpump.

5. Rinsewith1gallonofpotablewater.

6. Rinsewith1gallonofdistilledwaterortriplerinsewithpotablewater.

7. Keepdecontaminatedpumpincleanbucketorremoveandwrapincleanplasticsheetingoracleangarbagebag.

8. DisposeofallrinsateinaDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

9. Disposeofdecontaminationmaterials(forexample,plasticsheeting,tubing,etc.)inDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

4.3 SamplingEquipmentDecontamination–OtherEquipmentReusablesamplingequipment(forexample,water-levelmeters,water-qualitymeters)shouldbedecontaminatedaftereachuseasfollows:

1. Putondisposablegloves.

2. SprayandscruballequipmentsurfacesthathavecontactedthepotentiallycontaminatedsoilorwaterwithAlconoxsolution.

3. Rinsewithpotablewater.

4. Rinsewithdistilledwaterortriplerinsewithpotablewater.

5. Airdry.

6. Completelyairdryandwrapexposedareaswithcleanplasticsheetingorcleanplasticgarbagebagfortransportiftransportingequipment.

7. DisposeofallrinsateinaDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

8. Disposeofdecontaminationmaterials(forexample,plasticsheeting,tubing,etc.)inDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

4.4 SampleContainerDecontaminationIftheoutsideofsamplebottlesorcontainerscomeintocontactwithcontaminatedmaterialsthecontainersmayneedtobedecontaminatedpriortobeingpackedforshipmentorhandledbypersonnelwithoutprotectivegloves.Theprocedureisasfollows:

1. DonappropriatePPEpriortohandlingsamplecontainers.

2. Sealthesamplingcontaineraftersamplesarecollected.


B-10 NG0105171142SLC

3. WipethecontainerwithapapertoweldampenedwithAlconox™solution.Takecarenottoremoveordamagesamplelabel.

4. DisposeofallcontaminatedpapertowelsandglovesinaDOT-approved55-gallondrum.

4.5 HeavyEquipmentandToolsHeavyequipment(forexample,drillingrigs,drillingrods/tools,backhoe)willbedecontaminatedpriortoarrivalatthesiteandbetweenlocationsasfollows:

1. ThesubcontractorwillsetupadecontaminationpadinanareadesignatedbytheFieldTeamLeader.

2. Steamcleanheavyequipmentuntilnovisiblesignsofsoilisobserved.

3. ObservetheguidelinesoutlinedinSection3

5.0 QualityControlEquipmentblankswillbecollectedbypouringdistilledwaterintooroverthedecontaminatedsamplingequipmentorvesselandthentransferringthewatertotheappropriatesamplecontainers.Fieldpersonnelwillusethesamepreservationmethods,packaging,andsealingproceduresasusedduringthecollectionofnormalsamples.GeneralproceduresforthecollectionofnormalwatersamplesaredescribedinSOPB.9,Low-flowGroundwaterSamplingfromMonitoringWells.


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SOPB.3 FieldDocumentation1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)describestheprotocolfordocumentingfieldactivitiesfortheOperableUnit2remedialinvestigation.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Boundandpre-numberedfieldlogbook• Hardcopyfieldforms(includedasAppendixAoftheFieldSamplingPlan)• Penwithwaterproofink• Digitalcamera(iftakingphotographs)

3.0 Procedures3.1 DailyFieldActivitiesThefieldrepresentativewillrecordalldailyfieldactivitiesinthefieldlogbookforeachdayoffieldwork.Thefieldteamleaderwillkeepthemasterfieldlogbookandwilldocumentfieldactivities.Documentationwillincludethefollowing:

• Projectidentification• Date• Generaldescriptionofanysoilorwatertestingconductedorsamplescollected• Locationoffieldactivities/samplescollected• Fieldpersonnelresponsibleforsamplecollection• Timeonjob(beginningandendingtime)• Weatherconditions• Activitydescription• Listofpersonnelandvisitorsonsite• Safetyequipmentusedandmonitoringperformed• Photographiclog,ifappropriate• Wastestorageinventory(ifany)• Chronologicalrecordofactivitiesandevents• Approximatedurationandpurposefordowntime,ifapplicable• Contentsoftelephoneconversations• Signatureorinitialsoffieldrepresentative(foreachdailyentry)

Additionalinformationrelevanttogroundwaterandsoilsamplingeventsarelistedbelow.Notethatiftheinformationbelowisincludedintheappropriatefieldformitdoesnotneedtobeduplicatedinthefieldlogbook.

• Samplinglocationanddescription• Dateandtimeofsamplecollection• Sample,blanks,andqualitycontrolsampleidentificationnumbers• Sampleanalyses• Conditionofwell-beingsampled,ifapplicable• Serialnumberandcalibrationoffieldinstruments• Fieldmeasurements

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.3–FIELDDOCUMENTATION

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• Fieldobservations(forexample,odor,color)• Samplepackagingandshipmentinformation

Thefieldrepresentativewillcomplete,sign,anddatealllogsinwaterproofink.Thefieldrepresentativewillmakeanycorrectionsbycrossingouttheerrorwithasinglehorizontalline,initialinganddatingthecorrection,andenteringthecorrectinformation.Crossed-outinformationshouldremainlegible.

Thefieldlogbookwillbeusedtodocumentfieldactivitiesthatmaynotbespecifiedonotherfieldactivityforms.Otheractivity-specificdocumentationrequirementstoberecordedarediscussedintheSOPforeachactivity.

3.2 FieldFormsInadditiontothefieldlogbook,fieldpersonnelwillcompletespecificfieldactivityformsapplicabletothefieldactivitiesbeingconducted.Informationthatiscapturedintheappropriatefieldformdoesnotneedtobeduplicatedinthefieldlogbook.FieldformsincludedinAppendixAoftheFieldSamplingPlaninclude:

• Soilboringlog• Wellconstructionlogs• Welldevelopmentlogs• Groundwatersamplingandwaterqualitymetercalibrationlog• Monitoringwellconditionlog• Slugtestdataform• Hydrologictestinglog• Photoionizationdetectormonitoringandcalibrationlog

3.3 PhotographsPhotographsmaybetakenofsitelocations,generalsiteconditions,soilcoresamples,orothersamplescollectedduringtheremedialinvestigation.Aphotographiclogwillbekepttodocumentanyphotographstakenandwillincludethefollowinginformation:

• Project• Date/timethephotographwastaken• Photographer• Location• Description• Directionthephotographerwasfacing(ifapplicable)

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldformsareincludedinAppendixAoftheFieldSamplingPlan.Alloriginalhardcopyfieldformswillbefiledwiththeappropriateproject’srecords.ScansoforiginalfieldlogbookpagesandfieldformswillbesubmittedtotheDepartmentofVeteransAffairsattheendofthetaskandincludedintechnicalmemorandums/finalreportsthatsummarizefieldactivities.

5.0 QualityControlAllcompletedfieldformswillbereviewedbytheprojectmanagerordesignatedprojectreviewerwithin1weekofthefieldtaskcompletion,scanned,andsavedtotheprojectfile.Anynecessarycorrectionswillbemadeinpenwithasingle-linestrikeoutthatisinitialedanddated.


NG0105171142SLC B-13

SOPB.4 RotosonicDrillingandMonitoringWellInstallation1.0 PurposeandScopeThepurposeofthisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)istodescribemethodsforthedrillingandinstallationofgroundwatermonitoringwellsandpiezometersinunconsolidatedorpoorlyconsolidatedmaterialsusingrotosonic(sonic)drillingtechniques.ThisSOPalsodescribestheproceduresforgroundwaterandsoilsamplingduringdrillingandtheprocedureforabandoningmonitoringwells.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials2.1 Drilling,WellInstallation,WellDevelopment,andWellAbandonment• Truckortrack-mounteddrillingrig

• Rotosonic-drillingequipmentincludingsteelcasingandcorebarrel

• Personalprotectiveequipment(forexample,disposablegloves,hardhat,safetyglasses,steel-toedboots)

• Schedule80polyvinylchloride(PVC)casingandscreen

• Cement

• Bentonite

• Filterpacksand

• Bailerandcord

• Surgeblock

• Developmentpump

• MetertomonitorpH,oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP),dissolvedoxygen(DO),specificconductance(SC),turbidity,andtemperature(forexample,YSI6920V2)

• Flow-throughcellwithinlet/outletports

• Water-levelindicator

• Containerforpurgewater

• Disposablenitrilegloves

• Plasticsheeting

• Calculator

• Cleaningdetergent

• Distilledwater

• Papertowels

• Plasticsheeting

• Wellconstructioninformation

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.4–ROTOSONICDRILLINGANDMONITORINGWELLINSTALLATION

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• Fieldformand/orlogbook

2.2 SoilBoreLoggingandSoilSampleCollectionforGeotechnicalTestingThefollowingequipmentandsuppliesarenecessaryorusefulforsoilboringexplorationandsoilsamplecollection.

• Lath,flagging,orangespraypaint,andlumbercrayon• 100-foottape• BruntonorSilvacompass• GlobalPositioningSystemunit• Soilboringguideline–clipboard• Engineer’spockettapemeasurewithtapelock• Fieldlogbookonall-weatherpaper• Boringlogforms(seeSection7.0Attachments)• Indeliblemarker• Soilgrainsizechart• UnifiedSoilClassificationSystemreferenceguide• Toolsforcuttingsoilcores(forexample,safetyscissors,trowel)• Munsellsoilcolorchart• Squirtbottlewithwater,spatula• Hydrochloricacid,10percentsolution• ThinwalltubeorShelbyTubesamplerandplasticendcaps• Imperviousdisks• Waxplugs• Shippingmaterial(styrofoamplug)• Xylenefreepermanentmarkerpenorindeliblepen• Chain-of-custodyforms• Samplelabels• Custodyseals• Sampleidentificationregister• Cooler/esky• IcePacks/ice• Nitrilegloves• Jarswithlids• Resealableplasticbags• Proctoranalysisplasticbags• 5-gallonbucketswithlids• Airtighttape(forexample,electrical)• Newspaper• Pocketpenetrometer• Torvane• Wellsounder• ½-inchsteelrod• Digitalcamera• Handlens• Liquinoxcleaningdetergent• Distilledwater• Brush• Water-levelindicator• Rags


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• Earprotectors• Screwdrivers• Hardhat• Sunscreen• Insectrepellent

2.3 Push-AheadGroundwaterSamplingThefollowingequipmentandsuppliesarenecessaryorusefulforpush-aheadgroundwatersampling:

• Drillingequipment• Push-aheadprofiler• Water-levelindicator• Stainlesssteelbailerorpumpwithtubing• MetertomeasurepH,ORP,DO,SC,turbidity,andtemperature(forexample,YSI6920V2).• Disposablegloves• Plasticsheeting• Samplecontainers• Samplelabels• Sharpiepen• Cleaningdetergent• Distilledwater• Papertowels• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)• Fieldformand/orlogbook

3.0 Procedures3.1 RotosonicDrillingRotosonicdrillingtechnologywillbeusedforboreholedrilling,corerecovery,andmonitoringwellinstallation.Forboreholeslessthan100feetdeep,asmallertrack-mountedremote-controlledRotosonicdrillrig(mini-Sonic)willlikelybeused;however,forboreholesapproaching500feetdeep,alargertruck-mountedRotosonicdrillrigwillberequired.Boreholesizesmayrangebetween6-inch-diameterand12-inch-diameter.

Drillcasingwithaminimum6-inchinsidediameter(ID)willbeusedtodrillmonitoringwellboreholes.Continuouscoresoilsamples(4-inchoutsidediameter)willbecollectedforlithologicclassificationanddiscreetintervalswillbescreenedusingaphotoionizationdetector.RefertoSection3.2forgeotechnicalsoilsamplingprocedures.

Theuseofwateranddrillingfluidtoassistinsonicdrillingformonitoringwellinstallationwillbeminimized,unlessrequiredforlubricatingandadvancingthecasingdependingonthesubsurfaceconditions.

Temporaryoutercasing,drillrods,corebarrels,andotherdownholedrillingtoolswillbeproperlydecontaminatedpriortotheinitiationofdrillingactivitiesandbetweeneachboreholelocation(SOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment).Corebarrelsandotherdownholesoilsamplingequipmentwillalsobeproperlydecontaminatedbeforeandaftereachuse.

DrillcuttingsanddecontaminationfluidsgeneratedduringwelldrillingactivitieswillbecontainedaccordingtotheproceduresdetailedintheFieldSamplingPlanandtheInvestigation-DerivedWasteManagementPlan.


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3.2 SoilBoreLoggingTheseproceduresestablishtheminimumstandardsforinformationthatshouldberecordedinthefieldtoadequatelycharacterizerecoveredsoilsamples.Inenvironmentalwork,therecanbeinstancesinwhichsoilboringsareadvancedsolelytocollectsoilorwatersamplesforanalyticalresults.Theprojectmanagerandseniortechnicalconsultantshoulddeterminethelevelofsoilloggingrequiredforaprojectandspecifyintheremedialinvestigationworkplan.Becausejobrequirementscanvarywidely,theminimumstandardspresentedmightneedtobesupplementedwithadditionaltechnicaldescriptionsorfieldtestresults.

Theboringlogshouldbecompletedinthefieldaccordingtotheinstructionsthatfollow.Formsshouldbefilledoutneatlyandcompletely.Laboratorytestingofsamplescollectedfromeachboreholeshouldbeinitiatedimmediatelyafterboreholedrillingiscomplete.Forgeotechnicalprojects,itisimportanttocheckfieldclassificationsagainstlaboratorytestresults.Correctionsshouldbenoted,initialed,anddatedonthefieldboringlog.

ThefieldformforsoilboringlogsisincludedinSection7.0andinAppendixAoftheFieldSamplingPlan.AnexamplecompletedsoilboringlogisshownonFigure1.Theheadinginformationshouldbecompletelyfilledoutoneachlogsheet,andthetechnicalitemsineachcolumnmustbeaddressedinthefield.Fieldpersonnelshouldreviewcompletedlogsforaccuracy,clarity,andthoroughness.Itisimportantthatinformationbecorrectlyrecordedonboththesamplecontainerandthelogsheets.

3.2.1 HeadingInformationProjectNumber.Usethestandardsix-digitprojectnumberandappropriatepointnumbers.

BoringNumber.Entertheboringnumber.Anumberingsystemshouldbechosenthatdoesnotconflictwithinformationrecordedforpreviousexploratoryworkdoneatthesite.Numberthesheetsconsecutivelyforeachboring.Ifrockcorelogsheetsarealsoused,continuetheconsecutivenumbering.Project.Fillinthenameoftheprojectorclient.

Location.Ifstationing,coordinates,mileposts,orsimilarprojectlayoutinformationisavailable,indicatethepositionoftheboringtothatsystembymeansofmodifiers,suchasapproximateorestimated,asappropriate.Ifthisinformationisnotavailable,identifytheclientfacilityorthetownandstate.

Elevation.Entertheelevation.Ifitwasestimatedfromatopographicmap,orroughlydeterminedusingahandlevel,usethemodifierapproximate.Itisimportanttotietheboringelevationtoarecoverablereferencepoint(forexample,firehydrantorfloorslab)ifnootherelevationdataareavailable.Suchpointscanbepickeduplaterinasitesurvey,andboringelevationscanbedetermined.Or,ifnosurveyisdone,atleasttherelativeboringelevationwithrespecttopertinentprojectfacilitiesorlandmarkswillbeknown.

DrillingContractor.Enterthenameofthedrillingcompanyandthecityandstatewherethecompanyisbased.

DrillingMethodandEquipment.Identifythebitandcasingsizeandtype,drillingfluid(ifused),andmethodofdrilling(forexample,sonic).Inaddition,enterinformationonthedrillingequipment(forexample,SonicSDC200,SonicSDC390,orSonicSDC500).


NG0105171142SLC B-17

WaterLevelandDate.Enterthedepthbelowgroundsurface(bgs)tothestaticwaterlevelintheborehole,ifencountered.Ifmultiplewaterlevelmeasurementsaretakenfortheboring,thisfieldshouldlistthelastormostrepresentativemeasurement.Frequentwatermeasurementsarerecommendedtocapturedifferencesbetweenwater-bearingzonesandtomeasurethestablewaterlevel.RecordtheinformationintheCommentscolumn.Iffreewaterisnotencounteredduringdrilling,orcannotbedetectedbecauseofthedrillingmethod,makenoteofthisinformation.Generally,waterlevelsshouldbemeasuredeachmorningbeforeresumingdrillingifpossibleandatthecompletionofeachboring.Recordthedateandtimeofdayofeachwaterlevelmeasurement.

DateofStartandFinish.Enterthedatestheboringwasstartedandcompleted.Addthetimeofday,ifseveralboringsareperformedonthesameday.

Logger.Enterthefullname.

3.2.2 TechnicalData

DepthBelowSurface.Useadepthscalethatisappropriateforthesamplespacingandforthecomplexityofsubsurfaceconditions.

SampleInterval.Drawhorizontallinesatthetopandbottomdepthofeachsampleinterval.Theselinesshouldextendtothesoildescriptioncolumn.Foraveryshortsampleinterval,thebottomlinecanbeloweredaftertheintervalcolumntoprovideroomforwritingtheinformation(Figure1).Enterthedepthatthetopandbottomofthesampleinterval.

SampleTypeandNumber.Enterthesampletypeandnumber.Forinstance,1-SorSC1equalsfirstsample,soniccore.Numbersamplesconsecutively,regardlessoftype.Enterasamplenumber,evenifnomaterialwasrecoveredinthesampler.

SampleRecovery.Enterthelengthtothenearest0.1footofsoilsamplerecoveredfromthecorebarrel.Often,therewillbesomewashorcavedmaterialabovethesample;trytoestimatethisamountofmaterialanddonotincludethewashmaterialinthemeasurement.

SoilDescription.Thesoilclassificationshouldfollowtheformatdescribedinthefollowingsubsection,“FieldClassificationofSoil.”

Comments.Includeallpertinentobservations(changesindrillingrate,drillingchatter,rodbounce,asindrivingonacobble,damagedShelbytubes,andequipmentmalfunctions).Ifcasingwasused,recordthesizesanddepthsinstalled,andmakeanoteifdrillingfluidwasaddedorchanged.Instructthedrillertocommunicateanysignificantchangesindrilling(changesinmaterial,occurrenceofboulders).Attributesuchinformationtothedrillerandrecorditinthiscolumn.

Specificinformationmightincludethefollowing:

• Thedateandthetimedrillingbeganandendedeachday• Thedepthandsizeofcasingandthemethodofinstallation• Thedate,time,anddepthofwaterlevelmeasurements• Depthofholecavingorheaving• Depthofchangeinmaterial• Anotablechangeindrillingconditions• Theresultsofpocketpenetrometerortorvanetestreportedas:“PP=_____TSF”or

“TV=_____TSF,”respectively

RecordthedepthofpiezometersandtheresultsofinsitutestsintheCommentscolumn.


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Figure1.ExampleofaCompletedSoilBoringLogForm


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3.2.3 FieldClassificationofSoilProceduresThissectiondescribestheformatforthefieldclassificationofsoil.Ingeneral,theapproachandformatforclassifyingsoilsshouldconformtoASTMD2488-09a,Visual-ManualProcedureforDescriptionandIdentificationofSoils,whichisavailablethroughASTM.

TheUnifiedSoilClassificationSystemisbasedonnumericalvaluesofcertainsoilpropertiesmeasuredbylaboratorytests(ASTMD2487).Itispossible,however,toestimatethesevaluesinthefieldreasonablyaccuratelywithvisual-manualprocedures(ASTMD2488).Also,someelementsofacompletesoildescription,suchasthepresenceofcobblesorboulders,changesinstrata,andtherelativeproportionsofsoiltypesinabeddeddeposit,canbeobtainedonlyinthefield.Correctionsandadditionstothefieldclassificationcanbeprovided,whennecessary,throughlaboratorytestingofthesoilsamples.

Soildescriptionsshouldbepreciseandcomprehensivewithoutbeingverbose.Thecorrectoverallimpressionofthesoilshouldnotbedistortedbyexcessiveemphasisoninsignificantdetails.Ingeneral,similaritiesbetweenconsecutivesamples,ratherthandifferences,shouldbestressed.

SoildescriptionsmustberecordedintheSoilDescriptioncolumnforeverysoilsamplecollected.Theformatandorderforsoildescriptionsshouldbeasfollows:

1. Soilname(synonymouswithASTMD2488GroupName)withappropriatemodifiers2. Groupsymbol3. Relativedensityorconsistency4. Moisturecontent5. Color6. Soilstructure,mineralogy,orotherdescriptors

Thisorderfollows,ingeneral,theformatdescribedintheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineerscontract.ExamplesofsoildescriptionsareprovidedinTable1.

SoilName

ThebasicnameofasoilshouldbeidenticaltotheASTMD2488-84GroupName,basedonvisualestimatesofgradationandplasticity.Thesoilnameshouldbecapitalized.TheonlyacceptablesoilnamesarethoselistedonFigures2and3,fromASTMD2488-84.

Examplesofacceptablesoilnamesareillustratedbythefollowingdescriptions:

• Asoilsampleisvisuallyestimatedtocontain15percentgravel,55percentsand,and30percentfines(passingNo.200sieve).Thefinesareestimatedaseitherloworhighlyplasticsilt.ThisvisualclassificationisSILTYSANDWITHGRAVEL,withaGroupSymbolof(SM).

• Anothersoilsamplehasthefollowingvisualestimate:10percentgravel,30percentsand,and60percentfines(passingtheNo.200sieve).Thefinesareestimatedaslowplasticsilt.ThisvisualclassificationisSANDYSILT.Thegravelportionisnotincludedinthesoilnamebecausethegravelportionwasestimatedaslessthan15percent.TheGroupSymbolis(ML).


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Table1.ExampleSoilDescriptions

SoilDescriptionExamples

POORLYGRADEDSAND(SP),lightbrown,moist,loose,finesandsize

FATCLAY(CH),darkgray,moist,stiff

SILT(ML),lightgreenishgray,wet,veryloose,somemica

WELL-GRADEDSANDWITHGRAVEL(SM),reddishbrown,moist,dense,sub-angulargravelto0.6-inchmax

POORLYGRADEDSANDWITHSILT(SP-SM),white,wet,mediumdense

ORGANICSOILWITHSAND(OH),darkbrowntoblack,wet,firmtostiffbutspongyundisturbed,becomessoftandstickywhenremolded,manyfineroots,traceofmica

SILTYGRAVELWITHSAND(GM),brownishred,moist,verydense,sub-roundedgravelto1.2inchesmax

INTERLAYEREDSILT(60percent)ANDCLAY(40percent):SILTWITHSAND(ML),mediumgreenishgray,non-plastic,suddenreactiontoshaking,layersmostly1.5to8.3inchesthick;LEANCLAY(CL),darkgray,firmandbrittleundisturbed,becomesverysoftandstickywhenremolded,layers0.2to1.2inchesthick

SILTYSANDWITHGRAVELFILL(SM),lightyellowishbrown,moist,mediumdense,weakgravelto1.0-inchmax,veryfewsmallparticlesofcoal

SANDYELASTICSILT(MH),verylightgraytowhite,wet,stiff,weakcalcareouscementation

LEANCLAYWITHSAND(CL/MH),darkbrownishgray,moist,stiff

WELL-GRADEDGRAVELWITHSILT(GW-GM),brown,moist,verydense,roundedgravelto1.0-inchmax

Figure2.FlowChartforIdentifyingCoarse-grainedSoils(lessthan50%fines)

Source:ASTM,1985


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Figure3.FlowChartforIdentifyingInorganicFine-grainedSoils(50%ormorefines)Source:ASTM,1985)

Thegradationofcoarse-grainedsoil(morethan50percentretainedonNo.200sieve)isincludedinthespecificsoilnameinaccordancewithASTMD2488-84.Foracoarse-grainedsoil,notewhetherthesoiliswell-gradedorpoorlygraded.Ifpoorlygraded,notewhetheritisfine-,medium-,orcoarse-graded.Alsorecordthemaximumsizeandangularityorroundednessofgravelandsand-sizedparticles.Forfine-grainedsoil(50percentormorepassingtheNo.200sieve),modifythenamebytheappropriateplasticity/elasticityterm,inaccordancewithASTMD2488-84.

Forinterlayeredsoils,describeeach,startingwiththepredominanttype.Useanintroductoryname,suchasInterlayeredSandandSilt.Alsoindicatetherelativeproportionofeachsoiltypeandlayerthickness(Table1).

Wherehelpful,theevaluationofplasticity/elasticitycanbejustified(intheCommentssectionofthelog)bydescribingresultsfromanyofthevisual-manualproceduresforidentifyingfine-grainedsoils,suchasreactiontoshaking,toughnessofasoilthread,ordrystrength,asdescribedinASTMD2488-84.


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GroupSymbol

TheappropriategroupsymbolfromASTMD2488-84(Figure2)mustbegivenaftereachsoilname.Placethegroupsymbolinparenthesestoindicatethattheclassificationhasbeenestimated.

InaccordancewithASTMD2488-84,dualsymbols(forexample,GP-GMorSW-SC)canbeusedtoindicatethatasoilisestimatedtohaveabout10percentfines.Borderlinesymbols(forexample,GM/SMorSW/SP)canbeusedtoindicatethatasoilsamplehasbeenidentifiedashavingpropertiesthatdonotdistinctlyplacethesoilintoaspecificgroup.Generally,thegroupnameassignedtoasoilwithaborderlinesymbolshouldbethegroupnameforthefirstsymbol.Borderlinesymbolsshouldnotbeusedindiscriminately.Everyeffortshouldbemadetofirstplacethesoilintoasinglegroup.

Fillisoftenencounteredwhendrilling.Fillcomprisesanymaterialsthatpeoplehaveplacedonthenaturallyoccurringgroundsurface.Fillmaterialcanbedeterminedfromhistoricalinformationorfromthediscoveryofhuman-madematerials,suchasconcrete,brick,glass,plastic,andwood.Ifthesoilbeingdescribedisdeterminedtobefillmaterial,“fill”shouldbeincludedinthesoildescription.Ifappropriate,provideadditionaldetailsintheCommentscolumn.

RelativeDensityorConsistency

Relativedensityofacoarse-grained(cohesionless)soilisbasedonN-values(ASTMD1586;usethemostcurrentASTM1586standard).Ifthepresenceoflargegravelordisturbanceofthesamplemakesdeterminingtheinsiturelativedensityorconsistencydifficult,thenomitthisitemfromthedescriptionandexplainitintheCommentscolumnofthesoilboringlog.

Consistencyoffine-grained(cohesive)soilisproperlybasedonresultsofpocketpenetrometerortorvaneresults.Intheabsenceofthisinformation,consistencycanbeestimatedfromN-values.RelationshipsfordeterminingrelativedensityorconsistencyofsoilsamplesaregiveninTables2and3.

Table2.RelativeDensityofCoarse-grainedSoilBlows/Ft RelativeDensity FieldTest

0–4 Veryloose Easilypenetratedwith½-in.steelrodpushedbyhand

5–10 Loose Easilypenetratedwith½-in.steelrodpushedbyhand

11–30 Medium Easilypenetratedwith½-in.steelroddrivenwith5-lb.hammer

31–50 Dense Penetratedafootwith½-in.steelroddrivenwith5-lb.hammer

50 VeryDense Penetratedonlyafewincheswith12-in.steelroddrivenwith5-lb.hammer

DevelopedfromSowers,1979

Table3.ConsistencyofFine-grainedSoil

Blows/Ft ConsistencyPocketPenetrometer

(TSF)Torvane(TSF) FieldTest

<2 Verysoft <0.25 <0.12 Easilypenetratedseveralinchesbyfist

2-4 Soft 0.25–0.50 <0.12–0.25 Easilypenetratedseveralinchesbythumb

5–8 Firm 0.50–1.0 0.25–0.5Canbepenetratedseveralinchesbythumbwithmoderateeffort

9–15 Stiff 1.0–2.0 0.5–1.0Readilyindentedbythumb,butpenetratedonlywithgreateffort

16–30 Verystiff 2.0–4.0 1.0–2.0 Readilyindentedbythumbnail

30 Hard >4.0 >2.0 Indentedwithdifficultybythumbnail

DevelopedfromSowers,1979


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MoistureContent

Thedegreeofmoisturepresentinasoilsampleshouldbedefinedasdry,moist,orwet.MoisturecontentcanbeestimatedfromthecriterialistedinTable4.

Table4.CriteriaforDescribingMoistureConditions

Description Criteria

Dry Absenceofmoisture,dusty,drytothetouch

Moist Damp,butnovisiblewater

Wet Visiblefreewater,usuallysoilisbelowwatertable

Color

Thebasiccolorofasoil,suchasbrown,gray,orred,mustbegiven.Thecolortermcanbemodified,ifnecessary,byadjectivessuchaslight,dark,ormottled.Especiallynotestaining,ironstaining,ormottling.Thisinformationmightbeusefulforestablishingwatertablefluctuationsorcontamination.Asanalternative,considerusingtheMunsellsoilcolorchartdesignationinadditiontothecolordesignation.

SoilStructure,Mineralogy,andOtherDescriptors

Discontinuitiesandinclusionsareimportantandshouldbedescribed.Suchfeaturesincludejointsorfissures,slickensides,beddingorlaminations,veins,rootholes,andwooddebris.

Significantmineralogicalinformationshouldberecorded.Describecementation,abundantmica,orunusualmineralogy,aswellasotherinformation,suchasorganicdebrisorodor.

Otherdescriptorscanbeincludediftheyarerelevanttotheprojectorfordescribingthesample.Thesedescriptorsincludeparticlesizerangeandpercentages,particularangularity,particleshape,maximumparticlesize,hardnessoflargeparticles,plasticityoffines,drystrength,dilatancy,toughness,reactiontohydrochloricacid(HCl),andcementation.

Residualsoilshavecharacteristicsofbothrockandsoilandcanbedifficulttoclassify.Relictrockstructureshouldbedescribedandtheparentrockidentified,ifpossible.

PotentiallyImpactedSubsurfaceMedia

Recordobservationsofanypotentiallyimpactedsubsurfacemediainthesoildescriptionorascomments.Makeanoteaboutodor,butdonottrytoguesswhatchemicalyousmell.Alsodescribenonaqueousphaseliquids(NAPL)iftheyarepresent.Describehowtheyarepresent,suchassheen,stainingalongjointsorrootcasts,residual,orfreeNAPLseepingfromthesample.Donottrytoguesswhatfluidispresent.Usetermssuchasphase-separatedhydrocarbonsifyouknowafluidisafuel,butdonotusetermssuchasdiesel,unlessyouhavetestedandknowthatthefluidisdiesel.

3.3 SoilSampleCollectionforGeotechnicalTesting3.3.1 BulkSoilCollectionSamplesforgeotechnicaltestingthatcanbecollectedfromthecorescollectedinnewplasticsleevesduringsonicdrillingincludethefollowing:

• Fractionoforganiccarbon• Mineralogicalanalysis• Hydrometer• Particledensity


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• Moisturecontent• USCSsoilclassification• Sieve(particlesize)analysis• AtterbergLimits

Thesesampleswillbeplacedinplasticbagsor5-gallonbuckets(accordingtolaboratorysamplesizerequirements),thenlabeledandstoredaccordingtotheproceduresoutlinedinSection3.3.3andSOPB.13,SampleHandlingandShipping.

3.3.2 ShelbyTubeSamplingSamplesforgeotechnicaltestingthatrequireundisturbedfine-grainedsamplesthatwillbecollectedusingthin-walledsamplingtubes(sometimescalledShelbytubes)includethefollowing:

• Totalporosity• Bulkdensity• Unsaturatedhydraulicconductivity• Verticalpermeability

Tubeswillbe24to36incheslongand3to4inchesindiameter,dependinguponthequantityofsamplerequired.Undisturbedsampleswillbeobtainedbysmoothlypressingthesamplingtubethroughtheintervaltobesampledusingtheweightofthedrillingrig.Jerkingthesampleshouldbeavoided.Oncethesampleisbroughttothesurface,theendsofthesoilcorewillbesealedwithbeeswaxandthentheShelbytubewillbesealedwithendcapsandducttape.Thesampledesignation,dataandtimeofsampling,andtheupdirectionwillbenotedonthesamplingtube.Thetubewillbekeptuprightasmuchaspossibleandwillbeprotectedfromfreezing,whichcoulddisrupttheundisturbednatureofthesample.

3.3.3 SampleLabelingandPackagingThesamplesrecoveredfromtheboreholeareanimportantpartoftheboringrecordandmustbeproperlypackagedandlabeled,iffurthertestingisrequired.Thefollowingdescriptionoutlinestheminimumrequirementsforpackagingandlabelingthesamples.AdditionalinformationisprovidedinSOPB.13,SampleHandlingandShipping.

1. Placedisturbedsamplesinresealableplasticbagsorjars.Ifyouusejars,markthejarlidsandaffixlabelstothesidesofthejars.Labelsareusuallyavailablefromtheanalyticallaboratory.Markthefollowinginformationclearlyonthebagsorjars:

a. Projectnumberb. Boringnumberc. Analysisd. Preservative(ifapplicable)e. Samplenumberf. Sampledepthg. Date

Useapermanentmarker.Ifmoisturecontenttestsareanticipated,usejars,whichshouldbetightlysealed,thensenttothelaboratory.Testingshouldbeinitiatedassoonaspossible(within1week).

2. Labelboxescontainingthejars,ontopandononeend,withthefollowinginformation:

a. Projectnameb. Projectnumberc. Boringnumberd. Samplenumbers


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e. Sampledepthsf. Dateg. Samplername

Itishelpfultostartanewboxforeachnewboringiftheboxesareatleasthalffull.

3. CleanShelbytubesofmudandmoisture.Whentheyaredry,useapermanentmarkertolabelthemwiththefollowinginformation:

a. Arrowindicatingwhichwayisupb. Projectnumberc. Boringnumberd. Samplenumbere. Sampledepthf. Amountofrecoveryg. Date

Circumscribethetopandbottomofthesampleontheoutsideofthetubewithamarker.

WaxingofShelbytubesisessentialifsampletestingisnottooccurwithinafewdays.Inallcases,placelidsontheendsandtapethemwithairtighttape.Besuretosealtheholesinthetopofthetube.Packtheopenportionofthetubeabovethesampletopreventshiftingofthesoil.Dampenednewspaperisgenerallyadequateforthispurpose,butitshouldbeseparatedfromthesoilsamplewithawaxsealoraninvertedcap.

3.4 Push-AheadGroundwaterSamplingWhenagroundwatersampleistobeobtainedfromaspecificdepth,thePush-Aheadprofilerwillbethreadedtothebaseofthedrillstringanditspointwillbeadvancedbelowthesoniccasingintotheundisturbedformationtothetargetedgroundwatersampleinterval.ThePush-Aheadprofilerisaheavygaugesteelpointthatisthreadedtothebaseofa3-inchdrillrod.Thepointisperforatedalongthethreadedportionallowingexposuretoformationwateratspecificintervals.Oncethepointisatthespecificinterval,awater-levelindicatorwillbeloweredthroughthedrillstringtothebaseoftheprofilertoensurethereisnoformationwateraccumulatedinsidetheprofileranddrillpipe.Thethreadedportionbetweentheprofileranddrillsteelwillthenbepartiallyunthreadedtoexposethewaterportsandallownativeformationwatertoentertheprofiler.Agroundwatersamplewillbeobtainedfromtheprofilerusingeitherastainless-steelbailerorapumpwithtubing.

Sampleswillbecollectedinbottlesappropriatetotherespectiveanalysis.SamplelabelswillfollowthenamingconventionidentifiedintheSAP/QAPPandbeappliedtoeachsamplecontainer.Samplelabelswillincludethefollowinginformation:

• Samplename/number• Timeanddateofsamplecollection• Sitenameandlocation• Projectnumber• Sampletypeandmatrix• Container• Preservative• Analysismethod

Thefollowinginformationwillberecordedonthefieldformpriortosamplecollection:

1. Sitenameandlocation2. Weatherconditions3. Samplename/number


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4. Sampleridentity5. Fieldobservationsandmeasurements6. Dateandtimeofsamplecollection7. Numberofsamplecontainersandtypesofsamplescollected

Samplecollectionwillproceedasfollows:

1. Disposableglovesandeyeprotectionshouldbewornatalltimesduringsamplecollection.Glovesshouldbereplacediftheyarecompromisedorcontaminated.

2. Samplescollectedforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)shouldbecollectedfirst.

3. Capeachsamplecontainerandlabelasdescribedabove.Packsamplesinthecoolerwithiceimmediatelyaftersamplecollection.

4. Recordresultsonfieldform.

5. SampleequipmentshouldbedecontaminatedaftersamplecollectionpertheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.RefertoSOPB.13,SampleHandlingandShippingforadditionalinformationonsamplehandling,storage,andshipping.

3.5 WellInstallationandCompletionMonitoringwellswillbeconstructedinsidethetemporaryoutercasing,oncetheboreholehasbeendrilledtothedesireddepth.Followingsettingthewellscreen,riser,filterpack,andbentoniteseal,thewellwillbegroutedasthetemporarycasingiswithdrawn,preventingcrosscontamination.Iftheboreholehasbeendrilledtoadepthgreaterthanthatatwhichthewellistobeset,theboreholewillbebackfilledwithbentonitepelletsorahigh-solidsbentonitegrouttoadepthapproximately1footbelowtheintendedwelldepth.Approximately1footofcleansandwillbeplacedontopofthebentonitetoreturntheboreholetothedesignateddepthforwellinstallation.

Theappropriatelengthsofwellscreen,nominally10feet(withbottomcap),andcasingwillbejoinedwatertightandloweredinsidethetemporarycasingtothebottomoftheborehole.Centralizers,ifused,willbeplacedatthebottomofthescreenandabovetheintervalinwhichthebentonitesealisplaced.

Selectionofthefilterpackandwellscreenintervalsfortheshallowmonitoringwells(wellsdrilledtolessthan100feetbgs)willbemadeinthefieldbytheFieldTeamLeaderand/orProjectManager.Itisexpectedthattherangeofcommonlyusedfilterpackmaterials(RiceEngineering,2012)willbeappropriateforthissite.

Filterpacksandwillbeplacedintotheboreholeatauniformrate,inamannerthatwillallowevenplacementofthesandpackandataratethatlimitsthepotentialforbridgingwithintheannulus.Thetemporarycasingwillberaisedgraduallyduringsandpackinstallationtoavoidcavingoftheboreholewall;atnotimewillthetemporarycasingberaisedhigherthanthetopofthesandpackduringinstallation.Duringplacementofthesand,thepositionofthetopofthesandwillbecontinuouslysounded.Theprimarysandpackwillbeextendedfromthebottomoftheboreholetoaminimumheightof2feetabovethetopofthewellscreen.Asecondary,finer-grainedsandpackmaybeinstalledforaminimumof1footabovethecoarsesandpack.Depthintervalsofthecoarseandfinesandpacksandbentonitesealmaybemodifiedinthefieldinresponsetosubsurfaceconditions.

Abentonitesealatleast5feetthickwillbeplacedabovethesandpack.Thesealwillbeplacedintotheboreholeinamannerthatwillpreventbridging.Thepositionofthetopofthebentonitesealwillbeverifiedusingaweightedtapemeasure.Ifalloraportionofthebentonitesealisabovethewatertable,cleanwaterwillbeaddedtohydratethebentonite.Ahydrationperiodofatleast30minuteswillberequiredfollowinginstallationofthebentoniteseal.


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Abovethebentoniteseal,anannularsealofneatcementgroutwillbeplaced.Theneatcementgrout,withmixingratioofwaterto7gallonsper94-poundsackofTypeI/IIPortlandcement,willbeinstalledcontinuouslyorinlifts(dependingonthewelldepth)fromthetopofthebentonitesealtothegroundsurface(ortopofthelift)throughatremiepipe.Thetremiepipemustbepluggedatthebottomandhavesmallopeningsalongthesidesofthebottom1-footlengthofpipe.Thiswillallowthegrouttodiffuselaterallyintotheboreholeandnotdisturbthebentoniteseal.

Formonitoringwellsthatwillbecompletedabovegrade,alockingsteelprotectivecasingsetinaconcretepadwillbeinstalled.Thesteelprotectivecasingwillextendatleast3feetintothegroundand2feetabovegroundbutshouldnotpenetratethebentoniteseal.Theconcretepadwillbesquare,approximately2feetperside(unlessotherwisespecifiedintheprojectplans),andpouredintowoodenforms.Theconcretewillbeslopedawayfromtheprotectivecasing.

Guardposts(thatis,bollards)maybeinstalledinhigh-trafficareasforadditionalprotection.Foursteelbollardswillbeinstalledaroundtheprotectivecasing,withintheedgesoftheconcretepad.Bollardswillbeconcrete-filled,atleast2inchesindiameter,andwillextendatleast2feetintothegroundand3feetaboveground.Theprotectivecasingandbollardswillbepaintedwithanepoxypainttopreventrust.

Formonitoringwellswithsteelflush-mountcompletions,thetopoftheflush-mountcoverwillbepositionedapproximatelyatgrade.Asquareconcretepad,approximately2feetperside(unlessotherwisespecifiedintheprojectplans),willbeinstalledasaconcretecollarsurroundingtheflush-mountcompletion,andwillslopeuniformlydownwardtotheadjacentgrade.Theflush-mountcompletionandinstallationthereofwillbeofsufficientstrengthtowithstandnormalvehiculartraffic.

Concretepadsinstalledatallwellswillbeaminimumof6inchesbelowgrade.Theconcretepadwillbe12-inchesthickatthecenterandtaperto6-inchesthickattheedge.Thesurfaceofthepadshouldslopeawayfromtheprotectivecasingtopreventwaterfrompoolingaroundthecasing.Protectivecasing,bollards,andflushmountswillbeinstalledintothisconcrete.

Eachwellwillbeproperlylabeledontheexteriorofthelockingcaporprotectivecasingwithametalstampindicatingthepermanentwellnumber.

3.6 MonitoringWellDevelopmentEachmonitoringwellwillbedevelopednosoonerthan48hoursandnolaterthan7daysafterwellconstructioniscompleted.Equipmentusedtodevelopmonitoringwellswillbedeterminedbasedonthedepthtogroundwater,theamountofsedimentpresentinthewell,andthehydraulicconductivityoftheaquiferatthewelllocation.Duringwelldevelopment,groundwaterqualityparametersofpH,specificconductivity,temperature,andturbiditywillbemonitored.Theparameterswillbemeasuredatthebeginningofwelldevelopmentandafterevacuationofeachboreholevolume.Aminimumofsixwaterqualityparameterswillbemadeduringwelldevelopment.

Welldevelopmentwillcontinueuntilthefollowingcriteriaaremet:

• Aminimumoffiveboreholevolumeshavebeenremoved(assuming30percentporosityinthesandpack)inadditiontothevolumeofpotablewateraddedduringdrillingORtwotimesthevolumeofpotablewateraddedduringdrilling,whicheverisgreater

• Thefinalthreeconsecutivewaterqualityparametermeasurementssatisfythefollowingcriteria:

Conductivity = ±10%

pH = ±10%

Temperature = ±10%


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Turbidity = <5nephelometricturbidityunits

Thewelldevelopmentprocessiscomposedof:

• Theapplicationofsufficientenergyinamonitoringwelltocreategroundwater flow(surging)inandoutofthewellandthegravelpacktoreleaseanddrawfinesinto thewell.

• Pumping or bailing to draw any drilling fluids out of the borehole and adjacentnaturalformation,alongwithformationsedimentfromthewell.

• Continuepumpinguntilatleastthequantityofpotablewateraddedandnotpreviouslyremovedduringthedrillingprocesshasbeenpurged,theparametershavestabilized,andthedischargewaterisvisiblyclear.

Thegeneralguidelinespresentedinthissectionareapplicabletowelldevelopmentregardlessofmethod.

3.6.1 CalculatingPurgeVolumeBeforethedevelopmentprocessbegins,theminimumnumberofgallonstoberemovedwill becalculated.Thefollowinginformationisneededtocalculatepurgevolume:

• Totaldepthofwell(TD)• Measuredstaticwaterlevel(WL)• Screenlength(SL)• Wellcasinginnerdiameter(ID)• BoreholeDiameter(BD)• Numberofgallonsofwaterusedduringwelldrilling/construction• Ifthestandingwatercolumn(SC)islongerthanthescreenlength,thelengthof filterpackinstalled

abovethescreenneedstobeincludedintheboreholevolumecalculation.

The following procedurewill be followed to determine theminimum volume ofwater to beremovedduringwelldevelopment:

TotalPurgeVolume: Vt=5(Vc+Van)×7.48 gal/ft3

where: Vt = TotalPurgeVolume(gallons) Vc = Volumeofwaterinwellcasing(cubicfeet[ft3]) Van = Volumeofwaterinwellannulus(ft3)Estimated

porosityofsandpack(usually30%)

CasingVolume:Vc=π r12h1

where: Vc = CasingVolume(ft3) r1 = Insideradiusofmonitoringwellcasing(feet) h1 = Heightofwatercolumn(feet)

(thatis,totalwelldepthminusstaticwaterleveldepth)

AnnularVolume: Va=π(r22–r1

2) h2

where: Va = Annularvolume(ft3) r2 = Radiusofborehole(feet) r1 = Outsideradiusofwellcasing(feet)


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h2 = Totalverticalsaturatedthicknessofsandpack(feet)

3.6.2 Bailing,Surging,andPumpingProceduresInrelativelyclean,permeableformationswherewaterflowsfreelyintotheborehole,acombinationofsurging,bailing,andpumpingisan effectivedevelopmenttechnique.Thefollowingprocedureswillbefollowedwhenusingthistechnique:

1. Tagthebottomofwelltoroughlyestimatetheamountofsand/siltwithinthewellbeforeandaftersurging.

2. Lowerabailerdownthewelltocleanoutanyfinesthatmayhavesettledonthebottomofthewell.

3. Useasurgeblocktoagitatethewater,causingittomoveinandoutofthescreen.Surgingshouldbedoneinapproximately3-to5-footsectionsatatimealongthelengthofthescreen.Thisprocessdrawsinfinesfromthegravelpackandsurroundingformation,andbreaksupanybridgesthatmayhaveoccurredduringtheplacementofthesandpack.

4. Aftersurgingforseveralminutes(dependingontheheightofthewatercolumnandlengthofscreen),lowerthebaileragaintocleanoutanyfinesthatweredrawnintothecasingasaresultofsurging.Continuethissurge/bailtechniqueuntilminimalfinesarebeingpulledoutwiththebailer.

5. Lowerasubmersiblepumpdownthewell.Beginpumpingatthetopofthesaturatedportionofthescreenedintervaltopreventsandfromfoulingthepump.Thepumpshouldbeloweredatintervalsof5feetorlessuntilthepumpisrestingapproximately1footoffthebottomofthewell.

6. Monitorthewaterlevelcontinuouslyduringthefirstfewminutesofpumpinginordertopreventdrawingthewaterlevelbelowthepumpintakeandbreakingthesuction.Increasethedischargeflowrate(ifpossible)untilthewellispumpingatitsmaximumyieldwithoutadrawdownbeneaththepump.Continuepumpinguntilvolumeandstabilizationrequirementsaremet.

3.6.3 DevelopingWellsinLowHydraulicConductivityFormationsSometimesmonitoringwellsneedtobeinstalledinlowhydraulicconductivityformations(forexample,siltsandclays)andthusaretypicallyconsideredtobelow-yieldwells.Developinglow-yieldwellscanbealengthyprocess;theamount of time spent developing a low yield well is project-specific andwill be determinedindividuallyforeachproject.Forwellsinstalledinclayorsiltthemethodofdevelopmentwillbebailingonly. Surgingofsuchwellshasbeenfoundtoincreasetheturbidityofthewateranddoesnotimprovehydraulicwellresponse.Thesewellswillbebaileddryaminimumof threetimesbeforedevelopmentisconsideredcompleteandarecordwillbekeptofthetimeittakesforthewelltorecharge80percent.

3.6.4 DocumentationandFieldFormsFielddetailsofmonitoringwelldevelopmentwillberecordedineitherafieldlogbookoronahardcopyMonitoringWellDevelopmentForm(AttachmentAoftheFieldSamplingPlan).FielddocumentationproceduresareoutlinedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.Thefollowinginformationwillbedocumentedduringwelldevelopment:

• Projectname• Welllocation• Weatherlocations• Wellidentificationnumber• Installationdate• Dateandtimeofdevelopment• Measuredtotalwelldepth(pre-developmentandpost-development)


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• Waterlevels(pre-developmentandpost-development)• Heightofwatercolumn• Pumpingrateandwaterleveldrawdown(ifapplicable)• Rechargerate(measured)• Periodicwaterqualityparameterreadings• Purgewaterobservations(forexample,color,odor)• Typeofequipmentused• Volumeofwaterremoved• Completiondateandtime

3.7 MonitoringWellAbandonmentTemporaryorpermanentmonitoringwellsorboreholesshouldbeabandoned,orsealed,topreventtheboreholeorwellfromasactingasaconduitand/ortopreventcrosscontaminationbetweenhydrogeologicunits.Boreholesandmonitoringwellsmaybeabandonedbysealinginplaceusinggroutorbyremovingordrillingoutthewellriserandsealingtheremainingborehole.Surfacecasingsmaybeabandonedbysimilarmeans.

3.7.1 LeavingtheWellScreenandRiserandSealingIn-PlaceMonitoringwellsknowntobeconstructedwithanimpermeableannularspacesealmaybeabandonedbyleavingthewellriserinplaceandsealingthewellbyfillingwithgrout.

1. Themonitoringwellscreenandcasingshouldbesplitor“ripped”priortoemplacementofthegroutslurrywheneverpossible.Thiscanbeaccomplishedthroughtheuseofacasingsplittingtoolanddrillrig.Thesplittingtoolisattachedtotheleaddrillrodandpusheddownthroughthecenterofthemonitoringwell.Asthetoolisforceddown,thesplittingtoolsplitsthepolyvinylchloridewellcasingandscreen.Thiswillallowbetterpenetrationofthegroutslurryintotheformerannularspaceoftheboreholeandprovideamorethoroughgroutseal.

2. Boreholesandmonitoringwellsshouldbecompletelyfilledwithcementgrout,bentonite-cementgrout,bentonitegrout,orconcrete.Thesealantshouldbedeliveredasaslurrywhichispumpedviaatremiepipefromthebottomoftheborehole/monitoringwell.

3. Followingthecompletionofthegrouting,themonitoringwellstick-uporflushmountedprotectivecoverandgroundsurfacesealshouldberemovedandthewellrisershouldbecutoffatleast24inchesbgs.Thelocationshouldthenbefinishedatgroundsurfacewithlikematerial(forexample,asphaltorconcreteforpavedareasandsoilorsodindirtorgrassareas).

3.7.2 WellRiserRemovalorDrillingOutandSealingtheRemainingBoreholeMonitoringwellsthatarenotknowntobeconstructedwithanimpermeableannularspacesealshouldbeabandonedbyremovingthewellriser,ifpossible,ordrillingoutthewellriserandthensealingtheremainingborehole.

1. Priortoabandonment,themonitoringwellstick-uporflush-mountedprotectivecoverandgroundsurfacesealshouldberemoved.

2. Thewellrisermayberemovedbypullingontheriserorbyoverdrillingaroundtheriserandthenpullingtheriseroutoftheground.Ifitisnotpossibletoremovethewellriser,thewellrisermaybedrilledoverandremovedfromtheboreholeinpiecesastheaugersareremovedfromtheboreholeasboreholecuttings.Thediameteroftheaugerusedfortheoverdrillingshouldbeataminimum,thesamesizeorlargerthanthediameteroftheboreholetoensurethatallofthewellmaterialisremoved.


NG0105171142SLC B-31

3. Afterthewellriserisremovedordrilledout,theremainingboreholeshouldbesealedaccordingtoSection3.7.1.

3.7.3 SurfaceCasingRemovalforDouble-CasedWellsandSealingtheRemainingBorehole

1. Intheeventthatasurfacecasingispresentaroundthewellriser,informationontheconstructionofthesurfacecasingshouldbeobtained,ifpossible.Adecisionmustbemadeastowhethertoremovethesurfacecasing.Iftheintegrityisuncertain,thenthesurfacecasingmaybeservingasamodeofcrossconnection.However,theassumptionisthatthesurfacecasingdoesnotfullypenetratetheconfininglayerintowhichitisset,soitisoftenappropriatetoleaveitinplaceandabandonthewellinsideofit.Theavailableinformationonthesurfacecasinganditsageandappearanceshouldbeconsideredinmakingthisdecision.

2. Anyworktoabandonthesurfacecasingshouldbedoneafterthewellriserandscreenhavebeenremovedandtheboreholegrouteduptothebottomofthesurfacecasing.Otherwise,soil,groundwater,andpossiblycontaminationmayfalldownthesurface-casingboreholeintothewellborehole.

3. Ifthedecisionismadetoleavethecasing,itcanbegroutedupaccordingtoSection3.7.1andtheabovegroundpartofthesurfacecasingandanyconcretepadremoved.

4. Ifthedecisionismadetoremovethesurfacecasing,typicallythesurfacecasingshouldbeoverdrilledwithalargeaugerandthenremoved.TheboreholethenissealedaccordingtoSection3.7.1.Alternatively,iftheintegrityoftheannularsealappearstobepoor,thesurfacecasingmayberemovedbyinsertinganextractiontoolinthesurfacecasing,engagingitintothesidesofthecasing,andremovingthecasingaccordingly.Again,theboreholethenissealedaccordingtoSection3.7.1.

4.0 DecontaminationandWasteDisposalAsstatedinSection3,beforesamplingbegins,equipmentwillbedecontaminatedaccordingtotheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipmentandthesamplelocationnotedinthehandbook.

ThesoilcuttingsaretobedrummedandmanagedasdescribedintheInvestigativeDerivedWasteManagementPlan.

5.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesintheappropriatefieldformand/orfieldlogbookasdiscussedinSection3andinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.

6.0 QualityControl6.1 EquipmentCleaningSamplingequipmentthatwillbeusedatmultiplesamplinglocationswillbedecontaminatedaftersamplingateachlocationinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

6.2 QualityControlSamples• Noqualitycontrolsampleswillbesubmittedforgeotechnicalanalyses(forexample,sieve,drybulk

density,USCSsoilclassification).


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• TripblankswillbesubmittedwitheveryshipmentofVOCsamples.

• Fieldduplicateswillbesubmittedatafrequencyof1fieldduplicateper10normalsamplespermethodasdescribedinSection5.9oftheFieldSamplingPlan.Fieldduplicateswillbecollectedinthesamemethodandascloseaspossibletotheoriginalsampleandsubmittedtothelaboratoryinamannerthatpreventsthelaboratoryfromknowingtheduplicate/parentsamplerelationships.

• Laboratoryqualitycontrolsamples(matrixspike[MS],matrixspikeduplicate[MSD])willbecollectedatafrequencyof1MS/MSDper20normalsamplespermethod.MSandMSDsampleswillbecollectedinthefieldascloseaspossibletoandinthesamemethodasthenormalsample.

• Equipmentblanksmaybecollectedwherenon-disposable,non-dedicatedsamplingequipmentisused.Ifcollected,fieldpersonnelwillcollectequipmentblanksbypouringtheappropriatewaterintooroverthedecontaminatedsamplingequipmentorvesselandthentransferringthewatertothesamplebottles.

7.0 AttachmentsSoilBoringLog

8.0 RelevantLiteratureAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM).1985.UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem.

AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterial(ASTM).2000.ASTMD1586,StandardMethodforPenetrationTestandSplit-BarrelSamplingofSoils.AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Section4,Vol04.08.

AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterial(ASTM).2000.ASTMD1587,StandardMethodforThin-WalledTubeSamplingofSoils.AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Section4,Vol.04.08.

AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterial(ASTM).2000.ASTMD2487,StandardTestMethodforClassificationofSoilsforEngineeringPurposes.AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Section4,Vol.04.08.

AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterial(ASTM).2000.ASTMD2488,StandardPracticeforDescriptionofSoils(Visual-ManualProcedure).AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Section4,Vol.04.08.

AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE).1976.“SubsurfaceInvestigationforDesignandConstructionofFoundationsofBuildings.”AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersManualonEngineeringPractice,No.56,53pp.

Bell,F.G.1981.EngineeringPropertiesofSoilsandRocks.London:ButterworthPublishers,Inc.

Burmister,D.M.1949.“PrinciplesandTechniquesofSoilIdentification.”ProceedingsoftheHighwayResearchBoard,pp.402-433.

Casagrande,A.1947.“ClassificationandIdentificationofSoils.”AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersTransactions,pp.901-991.

Kovacs,W.D.,L.A.Salomone,andF.Y.Yokel.1981.EnergyMeasurementintheStandardPenetrationTest.U.S.Dept.Commerce,NationalBureauofStandards,BuildingScienceSeries135.

Matula,M.1981.“RockandSoilDescriptionandClassificationforEngineeringGeologicalMapping.ReportbytheIAEGCommissiononEngineeringGeologicalMapping.”BulletinoftheInternationalAssociationofEngineeringGeology,No.24,pp.235-274.


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RiceEngineering.2012.ColoradoSilicaSandSieveAnalysis.AccessedMay23,2017.https://www.riceeng.com/PDFS/earth_sciences/environmental/2012%20Product%20PDF's/Colorado-Silica-Sand.pdf.

Sowers,G.F.1979.IntroductorySoilMechanicsandFoundations:GeotechnicalEngineering.4thedition.NewYork:MacMillanPublishingCo.

U.S.BureauofReclamation.1974.EarthManual.2ndedition.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice.

SOPB.4AttachmentSoilBoringLog


NG0105171142SLC B-35

SOPB.5 DownholeGeophysicalandFlowmeterLogging1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesageneralguidelineformethodsofdownholegeophysicalandflowmeterloggingthatarecommonlyusedininvestigations.Themethodscoveredinthisprocedureincludenuclearmagneticresonance(NMR),naturalgamma,fluidresistivity/conductivity,temperature,deviation,inductionresistivity,electromagneticboreholeflowmeter,andheatpulseflowmeter.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• NMRloggingtool• Naturalgammaloggingtool• Fluidresistivity/conductivityloggingtool• Temperatureloggingtool• Deviationloggingtool• Inductionresistivityloggingtool• Electromagneticboreholeflowmeter• Heatpulseflowmeter

3.0 Procedures3.1 NuclearMagneticResonanceLoggingTheNMRloggingmethodusesthephysicsofnuclearmagneticresonancetodirectlymeasurefluidhydrogeningroundwater.ThedownholeNMRsondecontainsmagnetsthatpolarizethefluidhydrogen,creatinganetnuclearmagnetizationwithamagnitudeproportionaltothenumberoffluidhydrogenpresent.Radio-frequencycoilswithintheprobetransmitEMpulsestoexcitethishydrogenmagnetizationandtomeasureitstime-varyingbehavior.TherecordedNMRsignaldecaysovertimeandprovidesusefulinformationaboutthehydrogeologicpropertiesoftheinvestigatedmaterial.

TheinitialamplitudeoftheNMRsignaldirectlyreflectsthequantityofhydrogenintheformationorthevolumetricwatercontent(porosityifsaturated).Thedecaytimeofthesignal,T2,indicateswhetherthewateris“bound”insmallpores(forexample,asinasilt)orismobileinlargepores(forexample,asand).Inheterogeneousmaterials,theT2distributionprovidesanindicationoftherelativepore-sizedistributionwithshorterT2componentsbeingassociatedwithsmallerporesandlongerT2componentsbeingassociatedwithlargerpores.Inthecaseoffractureporosity,T2canbeconsideredsensitivetofracturedimensionratherthanporedimension.Giventhesensitivitytowatercontentandporesize,theNMRdatamayalsobeusedtoestimatepermeabilityorhydraulicconductivity.Nuclearmagneticresonancetoolscanbeusedinuncased,PVC-cased,orfiberglass-casedholes.

3.2 NaturalGammaLoggingPassiveradioactivityloggingmethodsmeasurethenaturalgamma-radiationwithanaturalgammaloggingtool.Nearlyallnaturalgammaraysintheearthcomefrompotassiumisotope40anddecayproductsofuraniumandthorium.Theseisotopesoccurnaturallyinclay,makingitpossibleto

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.5–DOWNHOLEGEOPHYSICALANDFLOWMETERLOGGING

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distinguishbetweensandandclaylayersandtoestimatetheclaycontent.Anaturalgammaraydetectorcontainsasodiumiodidecrystalwhichgivesaflashoflightwhenstruckbyagammaray.Theresultsofagammalogareincountspersecond.Tocomparemeasurementsmadewithdifferentlydesignedprobes,thecalibrationisdoneinAPI(AmericanPetroleumInstitute)unitsaccordingtointernationalconvention.

Naturalgammaraysareusuallyhighestinshalesandclays.However,asmallamountofclayorsandcansometimesyieldahighresponse.Aquantitativeestimateoftheamountofclayorsandinalayercannotbeobtainedfromanaturalgammalogbyitself.Theinterpretationofnaturalgammalogsisstrictlyqualitative.Naturalgammatoolscanbeusedinuncased,steel-cased,andPVC-casedholes.

3.3 FluidResistivity/ConductivityLoggingFluidresistivity/conductivityloggingprovidesameasurementoftheresistivity/conductivityoftheboreholefluidbetweencloselyspacedelectrodesintheprobe.Abruptandsignificantchangesinfluidresistivity/conductivityintheboreholemayindicatetheentryofgroundwaterofdifferingresistivity/conductivityintotheboreholeviafracturesandotheropeningsinthegeologicformationsurroundingtheborehole.Theloggingrecordistakencontinuouslyinunitsofohm-meters.

Fluidresistivity/conductivityloggingshouldberunatslowspeedstoassuretheproperflowofwaterthroughthetool.Aslongatimeaspossibleshouldbeallowedbetweendrillingandloggingtheboreholesothatthefluidresistivity/conductivitycanequilibratebetweentheboreholeandsurroundinggeologicformation.Fluidresistivity/conductivitytoolscanbeusedinuncasedorPVC-casedholes.

3.4 TemperatureLoggingTemperaturelogsarethecontinuousrecordsofthetemperatureofthewaterinaborehole.Theycanprovideinformationonthesourceandmovementofgroundwaterintoandoutoftheborehole.Generally,thetemperatureofthegroundwaterintheboreholewillincreasewithdepthwiththegeothermalgradient.Deviationsfromthisgeneraltrendmayindicatewheregroundwaterisflowingup,down,into,oroutoftheborehole.

Temperaturesensorshaveaninherentresponselag,ortimeconstant,sothattheloggingspeedmustbeconstantandslowenoughthatthetemperaturesareaccuratelyreflectedatthetruedepthsonthelog.Thetemperaturelogmaybemadeusingthesametoolasthefluid-resistivitylog.Aslongatimeaspossibleshouldbeallowedbetweendrillingandloggingtheboreholesothatthetemperaturecanequilibratebetweenboreholeandsurroundinggeologicmaterials.Thetemperaturelogshouldbeoneofthefirstlogsrunbecauseotherloggingmethodswilldisturbthewaterintheborehole.Temperatureloggingcanbeperformedinuncasedorcasedholes.

3.5 DeviationLoggingBoreholescommonlydeviatefromthevertical.Thisdeviationisoftentimesinconsistent,withbothinclinationanddirectionchangingrapidlyalongthelengthoftheborehole.Thisaffectswellcompletionandcouldaffectfuturetestingandlogginginhighly-deviatedwells.Thisisespeciallythecaseindeeperboreholesthatareoftenunintentionallydeviatedfromtheverticalasaresultofdrillingtechniques,orbeddingplanes.

Deviationprobestypicallycontainthreemagnetometersthatmeasuredirectionrelativetomagneticnorthandprovidearecordoftheborehole’sdeparturefromthevertical.Informationonboreholedeviationisalsoneededtocalculatethetrueverticaldepthtofeaturesofinterestandtocorrectthestrikeanddipoffracturesorbeddingobtainedfromothergeophysicallogs.Deviationtoolscanbeusedinuncased,orPVC-cased,holes.


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3.6 InductionResistivityLoggingInductiontoolsareusedtodetermineelectricalconductivity/resistivityoftherocksurroundingaborehole.Atransmittercoilgeneratesanalternatingmagneticfieldaroundtheborehole,whichinturninduceselectricaleddycurrentsthatareproportionaltotheconductivityoftherock.

Aninductiontoolusuallycontainstwocoilsystemswithdifferentcoilspacingsandthusdifferentinvestigationdepths.Coilsystemswithseveraltransmitterandreceivercoils(5–6)areusedtofocusthefieldtominimizetheinfluenceoftheboreholeitselfontherecordedsignal.Theinvestigationdepthdependsontheconductivityoftherockandis60–350cmforadualinductionlog.Theverticalresolutionisabout150cmforlowconductivitiesandabout50cmforhigherconductivities.Ifthedifferencesinconductivityarelarge,theresistivitycurverecordedbyfocusedsystemsovershootsthepropervaluewhentheloggingtoolpassesthelayerinterface.Inhighlyconductiverock,thesignalisattenuated,duetotheskineffect.Inductionloggingisparticularlysuitablefordryboreholesandthosewithplasticcasing.

3.7 ElectromagneticandHeatPulseFlowmeterLoggingElectromagneticFlowmetersandHeatPulseFlowmetersareusedtomeasuretheverticalgroundwaterflowwithintheborehole.Undernon-pumpingconditions,profilesoftheverticalgroundwaterflowaidinthelocationofpreferentialflowzonesandtheapparentdirectionofverticalhydraulicgradients.Underpumpingconditions,theflowmeterisusefulforlocatingpreferentialflowzonesandindicatingtheactualandpercentcontributionofeachflowzonetothenetgroundwaterflowwithintheopenborehole.

Inanelectromagneticflowmeter,anelectromagnetisusedtogenerateamagneticfieldinahollowcylinderwithinthetool.Theflowofwater(aconductor)throughthismagneticfieldatarightangletothefieldinducesvoltagethatismeasuredbyelectrodeswithinthetool.Thisvoltageisthenusedtocalculatethevelocityofthewaterthroughafixed-diameterchamber,whichisusedtocalculateavolumetricflowrate.Electromagneticflowmetermeasurementscanbemadewhiletrolling(moving)inordertogenerateacontinuousflowprofileoveradepthrangeorwhilestationaryinordertomeasureflowataspecificlocationintheborehole.Undertrollingconditionsthemovementofaflowmetertoolinducesameasuredflowinthedirectionoppositethedirectionoftrolling.Measurementsofambientorstressedflowwithintheboreholearesuperimposedontheinducedflowrates.Anelectromagneticflowmeterwithafullyfitteddivertercangenerallymeasureflowfrom0.05to10gallonsperminute.

Heat-pulseflowmetermeasurementsaremadewiththetoolatastationarypositionintheborehole.Aheatgridinthetoolisactivatedtoheatapacketofwaterintheborehole.Ifthereisflowintheborehole,theheatedpacketofwaterwillmovewiththeflowtowardtheupperorlowersensorinthetool.Thedifferenceintemperaturebetweenthesensorsismonitored.Theequipmentmeasuresthetimefromwhentheheatgridwasfirstactivatedtothemomentwhenthegreatesttemperaturechangeisdetectedbyoneofthesensors.Thisinformationisthenusedtocalculatearateofflowanddirectionofflowatthatparticularlocationandtime.Aheatpulseflowmeterwithafullyfitteddivertercanusuallymeasureflowof0.01to1.5gallonsperminute.Itshouldberunataconstantloggingspeedslowenoughthatthegroundwatertemperaturesareaccuratelyreflectedatthetruedepthsonthelog.Inaddition,theheatpulseflowmeterlogshouldberunonceundernon-pumpingconditionsandthenunderpumpingconditions.Pumpingconditionsconsistofinstallingasubmersiblepumpintothewatercolumnabovethetoolandpurgingwaterfromthewellataconstant,lowrate(belowabout3.5gallonsperminute[gpm]).Thislow-flowpumpingcreatesverticalmovementofwaterfromtheboreholeandinducesflowfromboreholefractures.


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4.0 KeyChecksandPreventativeMaintenance• Theloggingtools,cablesandallotherequipmentcomingintocontactwithgroundwaterorthe

insideofthewellcasingwillbedecontaminatedbeforethefirstuseonsite,andbetweenboreholesfollowingSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

• Ensurethatsubcontractorfollowstheirprocedures,particularlythoseforcalibrationoftheinstrumentsandtherate(speed)oflogging.Logsaregenerallyruninboththedownwardandupwarddirections.

• Obtaindigitalandprintedcopiesoflogsaftereachloggingevent.Ifthedatawerenotrecordedcompletelyorproperly,thesubcontractorwillbeinstructedtorecalibratetheloggingtoolsandtorepeatthelogging.

• Temperatureandfluidresistivity/conductivitylogsshouldberunfirstsothatthedisturbancecausedbytheotherloggingmethodsdoesnotdisrupttheresultsofthesetwomethods.

• Adequatedevelopmentofthewellisimportantsothatdrillingfluidsthatmayhavebeenusedintheboreholedonotprovidefalsereadingsofchangesinfluidresistivity.

5.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsAllinformationconcerningtheloggingactivitywillberecordedinaboundfieldlogbookaccordingtotheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.Thedate,time,andwellnumberwillberecordedonthepaperprintoutofdatafromthedatarecorder.

6.0 RelevantLiteratureUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS).2016.VerticalFlowmeterLogging.GroundwaterInformation:HydrogeophysicsBranch.https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/flowmeter/

Wonik,ThomasandHinsby,Klaus.Boreholelogginginhydrogeology.Section4.8.p.107-122.


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SOPB.6 UseofDataLoggersandPressureTransducers1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesaguidelinefortheuseofcontinuouslyrecordingdataloggersandpressuretransducerstomonitorchangesinwaterlevelsandbarometricpressure.Proceduresforusingaparticulartypeofdataloggerarenotincludedandshouldbeobtainedfromtheequipmentmanuals.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Pressuretransducers/continuouslyrecordingdataloggers(forexample,SchlumbergerMini-DiverDI

501–10meterrange)ofadequatepressurerangesandcablelengths

• Laptopcomputer

• Electronicwater-levelmeter(forexample,Solinst)withaminimum100-foottape;thetapeshouldhavegraduationsinincrementsof0.01feetorless

• Ducttape

3.0 Procedures3.1 KeyChecksandPreventativeMaintenance• Priortoeachuse,verifythatthebatteriesarechargedandthatthereissufficientspaceinthedata-

loggermemoryforthedatatobecollected.

• Alsopriortoeachuse,thedateandtimeshouldbesynchronizedbetweenthedataloggerandtheruggedreaderorlaptop.

• Ensurethatallsettingsareappropriateforthetransducerpressurerangeandthetypeoftest.

• Protecttheloggerfrominclementweatherandvandalism.

3.2 DataLoggerProceduresTheproceduresforusingthespecificmodelofdataloggershouldbeobtainedfromtheequipmentoperatingmanuals.Ingeneral,alldataloggershaveameansofspecifyingsuchdataasthepressurerangeofthetransducer,thetypeofmonitoringtobeperformed(forexample,slugtest),thefrequencyofmeasurements,thelengthofthetest,andthenumberoftransducerstobemonitored.

3.3 PressureTransducerProceduresTransducersshouldbeselectedwiththeappropriatepressurerangefortheexpectedrangeofwater-levelorbarometricchanges.Achangeof1poundpersquareinch(psi)ofpressureisequivalenttoachangeof2.3feetofwaterlevel.

Fordownholeapplications,measuretheinitialwaterlevelwiththewater-levelmeter.Lowerthetransducerintothepiezometerorwelluntilitisatleast2feetbelowthewatersurface.Tapethetransducercabletothecasingoraffixthecableholdertothelockingcaporstickupwithzip-tiessothatthetransducerdoesnotmoveinthepiezometerorwell.Attachthetransducercabletoaruggedreader

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oraportonthebackofalaptopcomputer.Connecttothetransducerandconfirmthatthetransducerisattheproperdepthinthewaterbyreadingthedatalogger.Programthedataloggerfortheappropriatefrequencyofdatacollection.

Transducersformeasuringbarometricpressureareattachedtoasecurefixture(forexample,casingorlightpost)andareprogrammedwiththeruggedreaderorlaptop.Transducersformeasuringthechangesinwaterlevelinsurface-waterbodiesareattachedtoaweightandloweredtothebottom.Thedepthofwaterabovethetransducercanbereadfromthedatalogger.Careshouldbetakentopreventthecablefrominterferingwithboatorothersurfacewatertraffic.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesinthefieldlogbookandappropriatefieldformsasoutlinedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.Themasterfieldlogbookwillbemaintainedbythefieldteamleader.


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SOPB.7 AquiferTesting1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesguidancefortheimplementationofaquifertests.Aquifertestinggenerallyinvolvesdisplacingfluidinawellandmonitoringtheresponse(s)ofwaterlevelsinoneormorenearbywells.Severaltypesofinformationcanbegainedfromthisdisplacement-responsedata,includingthefollowing:

• Estimatesofhydraulicpropertiesoftheaquifergoverninggroundwaterflow,suchastransmissivity,horizontalhydraulicconductivity,andstorativity.

• Hydraulicconnectionsbetweenaquifersorlayersinastratifiedaquifer

• Hydraulicboundaries(thatis,no-floworrecharge)thatmayinfluencegroundwaterflow

• Extractionwellperformance

Thisinformationsupportsdevelopmentofthehydrogeologicalconceptualmodel,numericalmodelingofgroundwaterflowandcontaminanttransport,anddesignofgroundwaterextractionsystems,whereapplicable.

Therearetwotypesofaquifertests:instantaneouschangeinhead(or“slug”)testsandpumpingtests.ThisSOPdescribesthefieldproceduresforbothtypesoftests.TheproceduresgivenherearebasedonguidancebytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS,2010)andU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)(1993).

2.0 SlugTests2.1 EquipmentandMaterials1. Toolsorkeytoopenthewell.

2. Fieldlogbookandfieldformsfordataentrywithwaterproofpaperandwaterproofblackorbluepens.

3. Well-constructiondiagram.

4. Slugofpolyvinylchloride(PVC)orotherrelativelyinertmaterial,suchasthefollowing:

‒ Solidsteelfittedwithaneyeboltatoneendtoaffixabailingline‒ StainlesssteelorTeflonbailers

5. Theslugshouldbeabout1-inchlessindiameterthantheinsidediameterofthewellandshouldbealengthofbetweenabout3and5feet.Ifhollowpipeisused,theslugcanalsobefilledwithcleansilicasandandcapped.

6. Nyloncordorotherstronglineofsufficientlengthtoreachbelowthewaterlevelinordertosecuretheslug.

7. Woodenormetalrod,or2×4pieceoflumbertosecurethesluglineatthesurface

8. Ventedpressuretransduceranddataloggerratedfor10poundspersquareinch(psi)withdirect-readcableandfieldorlaptopcomputer

9. Electricwaterlevelindicator

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10. Personalprotectiveequipment

11. Decontaminationsupplies(bucket,spraybottleofdetergent/watermixture,spraybottleofdistilledwater,garbagebags,papertowels)

2.2 Procedures1. Confirmwellidentificationwithwell-constructiondiagram

2. Measurethewaterlevelinthewellandrecordinthefieldforms.

3. Measurethetotaldepthofthewellandrecordinfieldforms.

4. Determinetheappropriatedepthforplacementofthetransducer.Thisdepthshouldbeatleast10feetbelowthestaticwaterlevelandatleast2feetabovethebottomofthewell,ifpossible.Thetransducershouldalsobeplacedbelowthedepthatwhichtheslugwillbeemplaced.

5. Markthedepthofplacementofthetransducerwithductorelectricaltapeonthecable.

6. Zerothetransducertoatmosphericpressure.

7. Lowerthetransducertotheindicateddepth.

8. Affixthetransducercabletoanimmovableobjectatthesurface,suchasthewellcasing.Thecableshouldbesecuredinatleasttwowaystoensurethatitdoesnotmoveduringtesting.Forexample,thecablecouldbesecuredwithacombinationofzipties,alligatorclips,and/orducttape.

9. Connectthetransducertothefieldcomputerandcheckthedepthsthatthetransducerisreading—checkthatthedepthcompareswellwiththeplanneddeploymentdepthminusthedepthtowater.Ifthereadingsareinaccurate,retrievethetransduceranddeployagain,ensuringthatthetransducerishangingfreelyinthewell.Ifinaccuraciespersist,thetransducermaybedefectiveandrequirereplacement.

10. Allowthetransducertoequilibrateupondeploymentaccordingtothemanufacturer’sguidance.

11. Allowwaterlevelstoequilibratefollowingdeploymentoftransducer.

12. Measureandrecordthestaticwaterlevelafterequilibration.

13. Whilethetransducerandwaterlevelsareequilibrating,preparetheslug.

a. Affixtheslugtotheslugline.

b. Measurethemaximumlengthofsluglinethatwillbeused.Thislengthshouldallowtheslugtocompletelysubmerge,atleast1feetbelowwatersurface.Apieceofducttapeorziptiescanbeaffixedtothelinetoindicatethedepthofslugemplacement.

c. Connectthetopofthesluglinewitha2×4orsimilarequipmentthatwillbeusedtosecuretheslugatthesurface.

14. Programthetransducerfordatacollection:

a. Ensurethatthetransducerhasadequatememoryandbatterypower(thatis,atleast80%).

b. SynchronizethetransducerclocktothefieldPCclock.

c. Createafileandtitleappropriately(forexample,“wellname_slug_in”).

d. Setthereferencetostaticwaterlevelsothatthetransducerisreportingchangesin

e. ThereferencepointshouldbethestaticwaterlevelfromStep7sothatthetransducerrecords“Level–DistancetoWater.”


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f. Settherecordingfrequencytologarithmic,adjustedasneededtomeettheobjectivesofthetest;donotstartrecordinguntiltheslugisemplaced.

15. Onapre-determinedcount,lowertheslugrapidlybutgentlytotheplanneddepthandstartthedatalogger(thissimultaneousloweringoftheslugandstartingofthedataloggerwillrequiretwopeople).

16. Affixthetopofthesluglinetoastablesurface(forexample,a2×4placedacrossaflush-mountwellheadortiedtoatow-hitchonthebackofaworktruck).Theslugshouldnotmoveonceithasbeenemplaced.

17. Allowthedataloggertocompleteitslogarithmicdatarecordingcycle(severalminutes).

18. Takeamanualwaterlevelmeasurementandcheckthedatabeingcollectedbythetransducer/datalogger.

19. Checkwaterlevelsperiodicallythereafter.Oncethewellhasequilibratedtoatleast90to95percentofstaticwaterlevel,orreadingschangelessthan0.01footper10minutes,thetestcanbeterminatedbystoppingthedatalogger.Atthispoint,aslug-withdrawal,risingheadtestwillbeconductedasfollows:

a. Measureandrecordtheinitialwaterlevel.

b. Startanewdatacollectionfileforthetransducer/datalogger(forexample,“wellname_slug_out”).

c. Configurethetransducerdataloggingsimilarlytothepreviouslydescribedmethods.

d. Initiatetheslugouttestbystartingthedataloggerandnearlysimultaneouslywithdrawingtheslugquicklybutgentlyfromthewatertominimizedisturbanceatthewatersurfaceormovementofthetransducercable.Theslugmustberemovedfromthewatercolumn;however,itisnotnecessarytocompletelyremoveitfromthewell.

e. Afterseveralminutesandperiodicallythereafter,checkthewaterlevelandtransducerdata:thetestcanbeterminatedwhenwaterlevelsstabilizeaccordingtothecriteriadescribedinStep18.

20. Itisrecommendedthatthiscycleofslug-in,slug-outtestingisrepeatedatleastoncemore,timeallowing,toallowforassessmentofreproducibilityoftheresults.

21. DecontaminateallequipmentplaceddownthewellaccordingtoSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

3.0 PumpingTests3.1 EquipmentandMaterials1. Pressuretransducersandautomaticdataloggers.Equipmentwillbeofappropriatepressurerating

andwillprovideinstantaneousdigitalreadingsofwaterlevelsinthepumpingandobservationwells.

2. Barometricpressuretransducerandautomaticdatalogger(forexample,BaroTroll).

3. Submersiblepumpwithanappropriatecapacityfor“stressing”theaquiferandvariablespeedcontrol(forexample,Grundfos3-inchdiametersubmersiblepumporequivalent).

4. Servicerig(forexample,hoisttruck)andassociatedequipmentforpumpdeployment.

5. Pump/dischargelineassembly,includingsecondarycontainmentasapprovedbytheprojectenvironmentalmanager.


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6. DroppipeforpumpassemblyshouldbeofstainlesssteelorPVC.Anin-linecheckvalvewillbeincludedwithinthedroppipetoreducethepotentialforbackflowofpurgewaterfromthedroppipeintothepumpingintervalaftershuttingoffthepump.

7. In-linedigitalflowmeter/totalizer,in-lineadjustable/variabledischargecontrolvalve,andin-linesampleportonthepumpdischargepiping.

8. Electricalwaterlevelindicators

9. Boringlogsandwellconstructiondiagrams

10. Laptopcomputerandfieldcomputerforprogrammingtransducers

11. Stopwatch

12. Calculator

13. Logbook

14. Decontaminationandspillcontainmentequipment

15. 55-gallondrumsandlabels

16. Generator(s)whenonsitepowerisnotavailable

17. Barometricpressurelogger

18. Fractanksforcontainerizingdischargewaterifpermissionisnotgrantedtodischargetothesanitarysewer

19. PersonalProtectiveEquipment

20. Watersamplingequipment,bottles,containers,coolers,andiceifsamplesaretobetaken

21. Hand-heldradiosorcellulartelephones.

3.2 ProceduresAquifertestingwillproceedinthreestages:(1)developmentandstep-testing(optional),(2)backgroundwaterleveldatacollection,and(3)constant-ratetesting.Thefollowingsectionsprovidetheproceduresforeachphase.

3.2.1 Step-Testing1. Thedischargelinemushbeleakchecked(thatis,withairorpotablewater)beforebeginningthe

testprogrambyrunningairorpotablewaterthroughthedischargeline.

2. Duringdevelopmentofawellplannedforsubsequentpumpingtests,apressuretransducer/dataloggershouldbedeployedduringdevelopmenttobetween3and5feetfromthetopofthepump.Thedataloggermustberatedfortheappropriatepressureconsideringthedepthofsubmergence.Thedataloggershouldbeprogrammedtorecorddepthdataatleastonceperminute.

3. Duringdevelopment,thewellshouldinitiallybepumpedatalowrate(forexample,lessthan5gpmfortestingofa4-inchwellscreenedacrosscoarse-grainedunits)toestimatethespecificcapacity(drawdownperunitdischarge)ofthewellaccordingtoEquation(1):

!.".=#$−#%& (1)where:

Hi=initialwaterlevel(feet)Ho=observedpseudosteady-statewaterlevelinresponsetopumping(feet)Q=dischargerate(gpm)


NG0105171142SLC B-45

4. Basedontheestimatedspecificcapacity,step-dischargetestingcouldbeperformedeitherduringdevelopmentorafterdevelopmentandbeforeperformingtheconstantratepumpingtest.Thesteptestingwouldbeperformedtohelpchooseanappropriateratefortheconstantratetesting.Fromtheinitialspecificcapacityestimate,atleast3to4dischargeratesshouldbechosen(forexample,atratesestimatedtoresultin20%,40%,60%,and80%ofmaximumavailabledrawdown).

5. Eachstepwillbeperformeduntildrawdownstabilizes.Ifdrawdownhasnotstabilizedwithin2hours,theprojectteamwillcontactthetaskorprojectmanagertodiscussoptionsfornextsteps,includingpossiblyreducingtherateandterminatingthesteptest.

6. Manualwaterlevelmeasurementswillbecollectedduringsteptestingatleastonceevery10minutes.

7. Waterlevelsinthepumpingwellwillbemonitoredinrealtimebasedonthetransducerreadings.Ifwaterleveldropsquickly,thepumpingratewillbereducedtoalowersteadyrate.Recordthetimeandadjustmentsmadeforcorrelationandpost-processingofthetransducerdataset.

8. Dischargerateswillbemonitoredwithanin-lineflowmeter/totalizer,periodicallycheckedwith“buckettests,”ortimingtherateatwhichaknown-volumecontainerfills.

9. Alldownholeequipment(forexample,pumpandwater-levelmonitoringdevices)anddischargelinecomponentsmustbedecontaminatedbeforeandafteruse.

10. Dischargedwaterwillbecontrolledatthewellhead,containerizedandstoredinonsitefractanksifpermissionisnotgrantedtodischargetoasanitaryseweraccesspoint.

11. Water-levelmeasuringdevices,flowmeters,andpressuretransducersmustbecalibratedandtestedwhereappropriatebeforeactuallybeingusedinatestprogram.Calibration(sourcecheck)oftransducersmaybeaccomplishedbysubmergingalltransducersinacolumnofwaterandverifyingthateachunitprovidescomparablemeasurementreadings.

3.2.2 BackgroundWaterLevelMeasurement1. Priortoinitiatingtheconstantratetests,aperiodofbackgroundwaterleveldatacollectionwillbe

performedonthepumpingandobservationwells.Theobjectivesofthisbackgrounddatacollectionperiodaretocharacterizeambientwaterleveltrends,tomonitorforotherinfluencesbeyondthetestpumping,andtogaugeatmosphericpressureinfluencesonwaterlevels.

2. Duringthisperiod,pressuretransducerswillbedeployedtothetargetinthepumpingwellandobservationwells,withstaticwaterlevelsmeasuredwithanelectricwaterlevelindicatorconcurrentwithdeploymentandrecordedinthefieldlogs.Thetargetdepthsfordeploymentoftransducersinobservationwellsisapproximately15feetbelowstaticwaterleveltoenableuseofa10psiinstrument.Thetargetdepthofthetransducerinthepumpingwellwillbeselectedbaseduponthedepthofplacementofthepump(atleast3-5feetfromthebottomofthewell);thetransducerplacementwillbeatleast2-3feetfromthetopofthepump(ifpossible)andatleast10feetbelowmaximumanticipateddrawdown(ifpossible).Thesedistancescanbemarkedonthetransducercablewithducttape.Thesedeploymentdepthswillbedocumentedinfieldlogs.

3. Abarometricpressureloggerwillalsobedeployedinthevicinityofthepumpingwell.

4. Priortodeployment,zerothetransducerstoatmosphericpressure(forventedinstruments).

5. Upondeploymenttothetargetdepths,securethetransducercableswithatleasttwomethods,suchaswithzipties,alligatorclips,and/orducttape,toanimmobileobjectatthesurface(forexample,thesurfacecompletion).


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6. Thetransducerswillbeprogrammedtorecorddatainatleast10-minuteincrementsduringthebackgrounddatacollectionperiod,whichwillideallybeatleastoneweekfollowingdevelopment/steptesting(fieldscheduleallowing).

7. Thereferencepointshouldbethestaticwaterlevelsothatthetransducerrecords“Level–DistancetoWater.”

8. Checkthetransducerdepthreadingsagainstthestaticwaterlevels.

3.2.3 ConstantRatePumpingTests1. Generatorsandelectricalpowersystemswillbetestedpriortocommencingthetests.Generators

mustbefullyfueledandofanappropriatesizetoprovideuninterruptedpowerthroughoutthetest.

2. Wellcapswillbeleftopenonallwellswithpressuretransducersinstalledsothatatmosphericpressurefluctuationsarenotinhibitedinthewell.

3. Waterlevelmeasurementsinallwellswillbetakenmanuallyjustbeforebeginninganytestfromthepumpingwellandallobservationwells.

4. Alltransducerclocksandclocks/watchesusedbyfieldpersonnelmustbesyncedtoonetesting“master”clock.

5. Thetransducersdeployedinobservationwellswillbeprogrammedtorecorddatainatleast10-minuteincrements;thetransducersdeployedinpumpingwellswillbeprogrammedasfollows:

– Backgroundloggingwillbedoneatthesamefrequencyasotherobservationwells

– Anewlogwillbesetuptorecorddatalogarithmically,adjustedasneededtomeettheobjectivesofthetest,immediatelypriortopumpingtomaximizecaptureofearly-timedata.Thisloggingmustbestartedsimultaneouslywiththestartofpumping.

– Anotherlogwillbesetupjustpriortocessationofpumpingtorecordrecoverydatalogarithmically.Thislogmustbestartedsimultaneouslywithshut-downofthepump.Thetimebetweenstoppingthepumpinglogandstartingtherecoverylogshouldbeminimizedtotheextentpractical.

6. Thepumpingwellsetupwillincludedeploymentofanelectricsubmersiblepumpwithvariableratecontroltoadepthofatleast2-3feetfromthebottomofthewell.Thedroppipemustbeconnectedtoseveralfeetofstraightrunsofpipetotheinletandoutletofanin-lineflowmeter,samplingport,andgate-typevalveforadjustmentofflowrate.Dischargewillberoutedtoasanitaryseweraccesspoint(permissionpending),ortoatemporarystoragetankatthesurface.

7. Uponpumpstartup,thedischargeratewillbebroughtuptothetargetrateassoonaspossible(ideallywithin1-2minutes).

8. Manualwaterlevelmeasurementsshouldbetakenandrecordedfromthepumpingwellasfrequentlyaspracticalforthefirst15minutesofthetest.Manualmeasurementsshouldbetakenatleasthourlyfromallwellsthereafter,withmeasureddepthscomparedtotransducerreadings.

9. Dischargerateshouldbemonitoredcloselyandrecordedinfieldformsinthefirsthourafterstart-upwithchecksofflowmetermeasurementsagainst“bucket”tests,andshouldnotbeallowedtovarybymorethanabout10percentfromthetargetrate.Dischargeratesshouldbecheckedwithcross-checksofflowmeterandbuckettestmeasurementsatleasthourlythereafterwithdeviationsfromthetargetrateandadjustmentsnotedthereafter.Whiledeviationsfromthetargetratearenotdesirable,theycanbeaccountedforinsubsequentdataanalysisaslongastheamountofdeviationandtimeofdeviationisknownaccurately.


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10. Whenthepumpingportionofthetestiscomplete,thepumpwillbeshutdownandmanualwaterlevelmeasurementsshouldbetakenasfrequentlyaspossiblefromthepumpingwellforthefirst15minutesofrecovery.

11. Pumpingequipmentwillberetrievedanddecontaminated.

12. Transducerswillbeleftinthewellsforuptooneweektorecordrecoveryandambienttrenddata.

13. AllequipmentwillbedecontaminatedaccordingtoSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment,followingretrievalaftertherecoveryperiod.

4.0 ReferencesU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).1993.SuggestedOperatingProceduresforAquiferPumpingTests.EPA/540/S-93/503.p.23.

U.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS).2010.“GWPD17—ConductinganInstantaneousChangeinHead(Slug)TestwithaMechanicalSlugandSubmersiblePressureTransducer.Version2010.1.AccessedJanuary24,2017.https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD17.pdf.


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SOPB.8 GroundwaterElevationMeasurements1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)discussesthemethodforcollectinggroundwaterelevationmeasurementsincompletedwells,piezometers,ortemporarywellsusingelectricwaterlevelindicators.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Electricwater-levelindicator• Disposablegloves• Distilledwater• Cleaningdetergent• Fieldformand/orlogbook

3.0 Procedures1. Priortoopeningthewelldonpersonalprotectiveequipmentasrequired.

2. Openandunlockthewell;notetheconditionofthewellandwellcompletioninthefieldlogbookand/orthefieldformifapplicable

3. Testthesounderpriortooperationtocheckthebatterycondition.Replacethebatteryifnecessary.

4. Lowertheprobeslowlyintothewell.Uponcontactwithwater,thebuzzershouldsoundandthesoundandindicatorlightshouldglow.Raiseandlowertheprobeslightlyafewtimestoconfirmtheaccuratepointofcontactandthemeasuringpointonthecasingorwellhead.

5. Recordthelocation,date,time,andwaterlevelinthefieldlogbookorapplicablefieldform.

6. DecontaminateprobeaccordingtotheproceduresinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

7. Lockandsecurethewellafterwaterlevelmeasurements/samplingiscomplete.


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SOPB.9 Low-flowGroundwaterSamplingfromMonitoringWells1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)presentsgeneralguidelinesforthecollectionofgroundwatersamplesfrommonitoringwellsusinglow-flowpurgingandsamplingprocedures.Equipmentmanualsshouldbeconsultedforspecificcalibrationandoperatingprocedures.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• MetertomonitorpH,oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP),dissolvedoxygen(DO),specific

conductance(SC),turbidity,andtemperature(forexample,YSI6920V2).• Flow-throughcellwithinlet/outletports• Water-levelindicator• Inertgastank(forexample,nitrogen)andregulator• Bladderpumpcontroller(forexample,GeotechBPController300/500PSI),airhoses,andadapters• Disposablepolyethylenetubing• Calibratedbucketorothercontainerandwatchwithsecondhandtodetermineflowrate• Containerforpurgewater• Disposablegloves• Plasticsheeting• Samplecontainers• Samplelabels• Sharpiepen• Calculator• Cleaningdetergent• Distilledwater• Papertowels• Plasticsheeting• Wellconstructioninformation• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)• Fieldformand/orlogbook

3.0 Procedures3.1 SetupandPurging1. Obtaininformationonwelllocation,diameter(s),depth,screenedinterval(s),andthemethodfor

thedisposalofpurgewater.

2. Calibrateinstrumentseachworkdaypriortosamplingaccordingtomanufacturer’sinstructions.Thecalibrationinformation(date,timeofcalibration,standardsused,readingsbeforeandaftercalibration)shouldberecordedonthefieldform.

3. Recordthewellnumber,site,date,andconditioninthefieldlogbookandonthefieldsamplingform.

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4. Placeplasticsheetingonthegroundandunblockandopenthewell.Donpersonalprotectiveequipmentasrequiredpriortoopeningthewell.Placealldecontaminatedequipmenttobeusedontheplasticsheetinguntilafterthesamplinghasbeencompleted.

5. Cleananddecontaminateallnon-dedicatedsamplingequipmentandanyotherequipmenttobeplacedinthewellinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

6. CollectthestaticwaterlevelinaccordancewithSOPB.8,GroundwaterElevationMeasurements.

7. Calculatethevolumeofwaterinthepumpandtubingusingthewelldiameter,staticwaterlevel,tubinglength,andvolumeperfootoftubing(availablefromthemanufacturer).Theminimumvolumetobepurgedfromthewellistwotimesthevolumeofthetubingandpump.

8. Insertthemeterintotheflow-throughcellandattachthetubingfromthepumptotheflow-throughcellinletatthebaseoftheflow-throughcell.Attachpolyethylenetubingtothedischargeportatthetopoftheflow-throughcelltothepurgewatercontainer.

9. Connecttheair-inandair-outhosestothebladderpumpcontroller,inertgastank,andpumptubing.Openthetankvalve.

10. Beginpurgingthewell.Adjustthetankpressureandbladderpumpcontrollertosetaninitialpurgerateof0.2to0.5literperminute.RecordtheinitialpurgerateandtheinitialfieldparametersforpH,ORP,DO,SC,turbidity,andtemperatureinthefieldform.Tomeasurethepurgeratetime,thefillingofa0.5-litermeasuringcupgraduatedin50-millilterincrementsanddividethevolumeofwaterbythetimeinminutes.

11. Recordobservationsaboutthecolor,turbidity,andodor(ifpresent)ofthepurgewater.Recordobservedchangesinthefieldformduringpurging.

12. Recordthewater-level,purgevolume,andfieldparametersin5-minuteincrements.Adjustthepurgerateasnecessarytoeliminateorminimizedrawdowninthewell(thatis,setthepurgeratetoequalthewellrechargerate).Drawdownshouldnotexceed0.30foot.Purgerateshouldnotexceed1literperminute.Recordanyadjustmentstothepurgerateinthefieldform.

13. Fieldparametersareconsideredstabilizedwhenthemeasurementsmeetthefollowingcriteriaforthreeconsecutivereadings:

Conductivity ±10%

pH ±0.2units

Temperature ±1degreeCelsius

DissolvedOxygen ±0.2mg/L

ORP ±10millivolts

WaterLevel ±0.1foot

14. Anyalterationsfromtheaboveprocedureswillbenotedonthefieldform.Ifstabilizationcriteriacannotbemetpriortosampling,theprojectmanagerwillbeconsultedtodeterminewhetherfurtherpurgingisnecessaryorwhethersamplingcanbeinitiated.

15. Priortosamplecollection,pausepumpingandremovethemeterandflow-throughcellfromthepumpdischargeline.Dischargepurgewaterintheflow-throughcellintothepurgewatercontainer.


NG0105171142SLC B-53

3.2 SampleCollectionThewellshouldbesampledimmediatelyafterthewaterqualityparametershavestabilized(dependentonwellrecovery).Sampleswillbecollectedinbottlesappropriatetotherespectiveanalysis.SamplelabelswillfollowthenamingconventiondefinedintheSAP/QAPPandbeappliedtoeachsamplecontainerandincludethefollowinginformation:

• Samplename/number• Timeanddateofsamplecollection• Sitenameandlocation• Projectnumber• Sampletypeandmatrix• Container• Preservative• AnalysisMethod


1. Sitenameandlocation2. Weatherconditions3. Samplename/number4. Sampleridentity5. Fieldobservationsandmeasurements6. Dateandtimeofsamplecollection7. Sampletype(s)8. Numberofsamplecontainers



2. Samplesshouldbecollecteddirectlyfromthewelldischargelineatthesameflowrateatwhichthemonitoringwellwaspurgedorlower.

3. Samplescollectedforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)shouldbecollectedfirst.Ifnecessary,reducethepumpingratepriortosamplingvolatileorganiccompoundstopreventbubblesandsplashing.TheflowrateshouldnotbereducedbelowthevolumenecessarytofillaVOCcontainer.VOCbottlesshouldbefilledabovethebrimtoeliminateairbubbleswithoutsplashingorover-dilutingthecontainerpreservative.

4. Ifanysampleanalysisrequiresfiltration,adisposablein-linefiltrationmoduleshouldbeused.

5. Capeachsamplecontainerandlabelasdescribedabove.Packsamplesinthecoolerwithiceassoonaspractical.

6. Collectandanalyzegroundwaterforadditionalfieldparametersifany(thatis,totalnitrogenoralkalinity).Recordresultsonfieldform.

7. SampleequipmentshouldbedecontaminatedaftersamplecollectionpertheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesinthefieldlogbookandappropriatefieldformsasoutlinedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.ThemasterfieldlogbookwillbemaintainedbytheFieldTeamLeader.


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5.2 QualityControlSamples• TripblankswillbesubmittedwitheveryshipmentofVOCsamples.


• LaboratoryQCsamples(matrixspike[MS],matrixspikeduplicate[MSD])willbecollectedatafrequencyof1MS/MSDper20normalsamplespermethod.MSandMSDsampleswillbecollectedinthefieldascloseaspossibletoandinthesamemethodasthenormalsample.



NG0105171142SLC B-55

SOPB.10 GroundwaterSamplingProceduresforLow-YieldWells1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesgeneralguidelinesforgroundwatersamplingfromwellswithslowrechargeratesthatcannotbesampledusinglow-flowmethods.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Equipmentforpurgingandsamplingthewell(forexample,bailerandcord,peristalticpumpand

disposabletubing.Forwellsinstrumentedwithbladderpumps,seetheequipmentandmaterialslistinSOPB.9,Low-flowGroundwaterSamplingfromMonitoringWells.

• Water-levelindicator

• MetertomonitorpH,oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP),dissolvedoxygen(DO),specificconductance(SC),turbidity,andtemperature(forexample,YSI6920V2).

• Extra-longcordandscreenforwater-qualitymeter(optional;formeasuringwater-qualityparametersinsitu)

• Containerforpurgewater

• Disposablegloves

• Plasticsheeting

• Samplecontainers

• Samplelabels

• Sharpiepen

• Cleaningdetergent

• Distilledwater

• Papertowels


• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)


3.0 Procedures3.1 PriortoSampling1. Obtaininformationonwelllocation,diameter(s),depth,screenedinterval(s),andthemethodfor

thedisposalofpurgewater.

2. Calibrateinstrumentspriortosamplingaccordingtomanufacturer’sinstructions.Thecalibrationinformation(date,timeofcalibration,standardsused,readingsbeforeandaftercalibration)shouldberecordedonthefieldform.

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3. Recordthewellnumber,site,date,andconditioninthefieldlogbookandonthefieldsamplingform.

4. Placeplasticsheetingonthegroundandunlockandopenthewell.Donpersonalprotectiveequipmentasrequiredpriortoopeningthewell.Placealldecontaminatedequipmenttobeusedontheplasticsheetinguntilafterthesamplinghasbeencompleted.

5. CleananddecontaminateallsamplingequipmentandanyotherequipmenttobeplacedinthewellinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

3.2 Purge/Recovery1. MeasurethestaticwaterlevelinaccordancewithSOPB.8,GroundwaterElevationMeasurements.

2. Purgethewellcompletely.IfthewellisinstrumentedwithabladderpumpitcanbepurgedusingtheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.9,Low-flowGroundwaterSamplingfromMonitoringWells.Ifthewellisnotinstrumentedwithapumpitcanbepurgedwithabailerorperistalticpump.Thevolumeofwaterremovedfromthewellshouldbedocumentedonthefieldformand/orlogbook.

3. Allowthewaterleveltorecoverto90percentofthepre-purgewatercolumnthickness.Ifnecessary,thewellcanbelefttorecoverovernight.Ifpossible,thewellshouldbesampledwithin24hoursofpurging.SamplecollectionproceduresaredescribedinSection3.3.

4. Aftersamplecollectionwater-qualityparameterscanbecollecteddependingontheavailablevolumeofwaterinthewell.Water-qualityparameterscanbemeasuredbyeitherloweringacalibratedwater-qualitymeterintothewelltomeasuretheparametersinsituorbyfillingthemetercalibrationcupwithsamplewater.Ifcollectedtheparametersandmethodshouldberecordedontheappropriatefieldform.

3.3 SampleCollectionSampleswillbecollectedinbottlesappropriatetotherespectiveanalysis.SamplelabelswillfollowthenamingconventionidentifiedintheSAP/QAPPandbeappliedtoeachsamplecontainer.Samplelabelswillincludethefollowinginformation:



1. Sitenameandlocation2. Weatherconditions3. Samplename/number4. Sampleridentity5. Fieldobservationsandmeasurements6. Dateandtimeofsamplecollection7. Numberofsamplecontainersandtypesofsamplescollected


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2. Samplesshouldbecollecteddirectlyfromthewelldischargelineatthesameflowrateatwhichthemonitoringwellwaspurgedorlower.

3. Samplescollectedforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)shouldbecollectedfirst.Ifnecessary,reducethepumpingratepriortosamplingvolatileorganiccompoundstopreventbubblesandsplashing.TheflowrateshouldnotbereducedbelowthevolumenecessarytofillaVOCcontainer.VOCbottlesshouldbefilledabovethebrimtoeliminateairbubbleswithoutsplashingorover-dilutingthecontainerpreservative.

4. Ifanysampleanalysisrequiresfiltration,adisposablein-linefiltrationmoduleshouldbeused.

5. Capeachsamplecontainerandlabelasdescribedabove.Packsamplesinthecoolerwithiceimmediatelyaftersamplecollection.

6. Collectandanalyzegroundwaterforadditionalfieldparametersifany(thatis,totalnitrogenoralkalinity).Recordresultsonfieldform.

7. SampleequipmentshouldbedecontaminatedaftersamplecollectionpertheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationProceduresforPersonnelandEquipment.




• Fieldduplicateswillbesubmittedatafrequencyof1fieldduplicateper10normalsamplespermethod.Fieldduplicateswillbecollectedinthesamemethodandascloseaspossibletotheoriginalsampleandsubmittedtothelaboratoryinamannerthatpreventsthelaboratoryfromknowingtheduplicate/parentsamplerelationships.




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SOPB.11 ZISTGroundwaterSampling1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)presentsgeneralguidelinesforthecollectionofgroundwatersamplesfrommonitoringwellsequippedwithmultilevelZISTpumps(manufacturedbyBESST,Inc.).

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Inertgastank(forexample,nitrogen)andregulator

• ZIST4-Channeltimer-controlunit(requiresa120-voltpowersource)

• ¼-inchnylonhighpressuretubingfittedwitha¼-inchtubefittinghexnutferruledontooneendandaquick-connectontheother

• ¼-inchTeflontubingfittedwitha¼-inchtubefittinghexnutferruledontooneend

• Twosmallcrescentwrenches(fortighteningfittings)

• Stopwatch

• CalibratedwaterqualitymetertomonitorpH,oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP),dissolvedoxygen(DO),specificconductance(SC),turbidity,andtemperature(forexample,YSI6920V2).

• Cupformeasuringwater-qualityparameters

• Disposablepolyethylenetubing

• Disposablegloves

• Properlylabeledcontainerforpurgewater

• Samplecontainers

• Samplelabels

• Sharpiepen

• Calculator


• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)


3.0 Procedures3.1 Setup1. Donappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)priortoopeningthewell

2. Attachalengthofnylonhighpressuretubingtothegasoutfittingofthepressuregauge.Theotherendofthenylontubingshouldbefittedwithaquick-connect.

3. Pluginthefour-channeltimer-controlunittoa120-voltpowersourceratedforatleast500watts.

4. Attachthequick-connectfromthenylontubingtothegas-inportonthetimer-controlunit.

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5. Locatethegas-inlinefortheZISTpump.EachZISTpumpisequippedwithagas-inlineandasample-returnlineandshouldbemarkedaccordingly.

6. AttachtheZISTgas-inlinetothetimercontrolunitusingalengthofnylonhighpressuretubingfittedwithaquick-connectanda¼-inchfittinghexnut.Uptofourgas-inlinescanbeconnectedtothetimer-controlunit.

7. Connectoneendofa¼-inchTeflontubetotheZISTsample-returnlineandsecurelyfastentheotherendtothepurgecontainer.

8. Repeatsteps5through7foreachZISTpump.

9. Tooltightenalltubefittingconnections(quick-connectsdonotneedtobetooltightened).

10. RotatetheregulatorT-handlecounterclockwisetoensurethepressureregulatorisfully“closed.”

11. Slowlyopenthedialontopofthenitrogentank.Setthepressureoutputoftheregulatortothehighestpressureusedforeachzonetopressurizethetimer-controlunit.

3.2 Purging1. SettheredON-timedialonthetimercontrolunitsomewhereabovezeroonthegauge.Setthe

OFF-timedialbelowthezero.ThismeansthepressurewillcontinuallystayON,pushingnitrogengaswithnoOFF-time.

2. PushthemanualswitchonthetimercontrolunittotheONposition.BecausetheOFFdialissetbelowzero,thesystemwillturnONimmediatelyandnitrogengaswillbegintoflowintothegas-intubing.

3. Adjustthezone-specificpressuregaugetotherequiredpressure.

4. Gaswillnowbepushingthewaterinthetubingtothesurface.Bepreparedtoflipthemanualon/offswitchtotheOFFsettingrightbeforethewaterfinishespurging.

5. Watershouldbeginstreamingoutofthesample-returnline.Thesoundofthesystemwillintensifyasitfinishespushingoutthewater.Warning:thewaterwillbefollowedbyaburstofpressurizednitrogengasalongwithawaterdropletspray.Takeprecautions(PPE,safedistance)topreventinjuryorsplashingofpurgewater.

6. Purgingiscompleteoncethedischargeofwaterisfollowedbyaloudexhalationofgasandspray.TurnthesystemoffwiththemanualON/OFFswitch.

7. Allowthesystemtofullyrecharge(5-10minutes)beforefinishingthepurgecycle.

8. Determinethezone’spurgeON-timebypurgingthesystemagainwhiletakingatimemeasurementandmeasuringthevolumeofwaterdischargedfromthetubing.

9. Leavethepressuresettingsthesameaswasusedinthefirstpurgecycle.

10. FlipthemanualswitchtotheONpositionwhilestartingastopwatchtimer.

11. FlipthemanualswitchtotheOFFpositionseveralsecondsbeforethesystemfullypurgesandtheexhalationofgasandsprayisemittedtosaveontimeandgas.

12. Stopthestopwatchtimerattheexactmomentthatthedischargechangesfromwatertogasandthesystemexhales.

13. Recordthevolumepurgedandthetimerecordedonthestopwatch.

14. Calculatethepurgetimebysubtracting15secondsfromthetimerecordedinstep13.Thisistoreducethewastedvolumeofnitrogengas.


NG0105171142SLC B-61

15. Recordthecalculatedpurgetime.

16. TestthecalculatedpurgetimebysettingtheOFF-timeto5minutes.SettheON-timetothecalculatedpurgetime.Fliptheswitchtothe“ON”position.TheOFF-timewillbegin,allowingthesystemtorechargefully.TheON-timewillbecorrectifthesystemswitchesoffrightbeforethesystemfullypurges.

17. RecordthetimefortheOFFcyclebystartingthestopwatchwhentheOFFcyclebegins.Stopthestopwatchwhennonitrogenisbeingexpelledfromthesample-returntube.

18. RecordtheONandOFFtimesandthepsionthezone-specificpressuregauge.

3.3 PrimingtheSystemWhensamplingvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)itisunacceptableforthewater/gasinterfaceinthegas-inlinetoreachthepumpasitresultsinbubblesintheairandtubing.ThesystemmustbeprimedtoentersamplemodewhensamplingVOCs.

1. Setthepressureslightlybelowthepressureusedforthepurgingcycle.Thispressurecanbeadjustedtoachievetheoptimalprimecycletime,orthetimethatallowsthemaximumamountoffluiddischargewithoutallowingthewater/gasinterfaceinthegas-inlinetoreachthepump

2. SettheinitialONtimeto30secondsfortheshallowestinterval.IncreasetheONtimeby15secondsforeachdeepersampleinterval.Forexample,awellwithfourZISTpumpswouldhaveONtimesfrom30to75seconds.

3. TurnthemanualswitchtoON.

4. Allowthetimer-controlunittocyclethroughtheONandOFFcycle.IFseveralcyclesarecompletedwithanywaterdischarge,donotworry.Waterisbeingslowlyratchetedupwardswithinthetubing.IfthewatercompletelypurgesduringthefirstONcycle,thepressureortheONtimemustbelowered.Thegoalistofindatimeandpressurewhichpreventswaterdischargefrombeingfollowedimmediatelybytheexhalationofnitrogengas.ItiseasiesttochangetheONtime.

5. If5cyclesoftheON/OFFtimesoccurwithnowaterdischarge,thentryincreasingtheONtimeby10seconds.Repeatasnecessary.

6. PrimingthesystemiscompletewhenwaterbeginsdischargingduringtheONperiods.WhilethegasisOFF,thewaterinthesample-returntubingshouldcometostasisandnotreturnbelowthesurfaceofthewell.Whenthewaterhasreachedthesurface,samplescanbecollected.

3.4 SampleCollectionIfcollectingwaterqualityparameterswithameter,donotusetheflow-throughcell.Waterqualityparameterscanbemeasuredbyfillingthecalibrationcup.Theexhalationofhighpressuregascoulddamagethemetersensors.

Tooptimizethesamplemode,theONtimeshouldbeincreasedasmuchaspossiblewithoutcausingthelinetopurge.Followthestepsbelowtooptimizethesamplemodeandbeginsampling.

1. Allowthetimer-controlunittorunoneormorecyclesonthePrimesettingsuntilthesamplewaterdischargesfromthesample-returnline.Ifthevelocityofthedischargeistoohighforsampling,adjustthepressuredownwarduntiltheflowvelocityislessened.

2. CalculatethemaximumamountofwaterthatcanbesampledperON/OFFbymultiplyingthepurgevolumeby0.5fortheshallowestzoneand0.4fordeeperzones.


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3. Eachtimethetimer-controlunitisintheOFFcycle,turntheONtimeupby5-10secondsuntilthemaximumamountofwaterthatcanbesampledpercycleisreached.Ifthelinepurges,multiplythepurgevolumeby0.3insteadof0.4andretestthesystem.

4. OncethesamplevolumehasbeenreachedatthedesiredvelocitywithoutpurgingduringtheONcyclethesystemisreadyforsampling.

5. CollectsamplesbyfillingVOCsamplecontainersfirst.Ifanysampleanalysisrequiresfiltration,adisposablein-linefiltrationmoduleshouldbeused.

6. Capeachsamplecontainerandlabel.Packsamplesinthecoolerwithicefollowingsamplecollection.

7. Oncesamplecontainershavebeenfilled,fillthecupformeasuringwater-qualityparameters.Thecupshouldbedecontaminatedpriortosamplecollection.

8. Recordthewaterqualityparametersonthefieldform.Recordthemethodformeasuringwater-qualityparametersonthefieldform.

9. Collectandanalyzesamplesforanyadditionalfieldparameters(forexample,totalnitrogenandalkalinity)andrecordtheresultsonthefieldform.

10. DecontaminatesampleequipmentaftersamplecollectionpertheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

3.5 ProcedureforMeasuringWaterLevelsThisprocedureoutlinesthemethodformeasuringwaterlevelsinZISTwellsusinganelectronicwaterlevelmeter.Thisproceduredoesnotapplytowellsinstrumentedwithpressuretransducers.

1. Removetheplasticdustcoverfromthetopoftheriserpipe.

2. Insertthewaterlevelmeterintotheriserpipe.FollowtheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.8,GroundwaterElevationMeasurements.


5.0 QualityControl5.1 EquipmentDecontaminationSamplingequipmentthatwillbeusedatmultiplesamplinglocationswillbedecontaminatedaftersamplingateachlocationinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.




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• Equipmentblanksmaybecollectedwherenon-disposable,non-dedicatedsamplingequipmentisused.Ifcollected,fieldpersonnelwillcollectequipmentblanksbypouringtheappropriatewaterintothedecontaminatedsamplingequipmentorvesselandthentransferringthewatertothesamplebottles.

6.0 ReferencesBESST,Inc.ZistOperationsManual.SanRafael,California.


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SOPB.12 DirectPushandHydropunchGroundwaterSampleCollection1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)presentsgeneralguidelinesforthecollectionofgroundwatersamplesusingdirect-push(Geoprobeorconepenetrometer[CPT])andHydropunchsamplingmethods.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Directpushsamplingequipment(forexample,Geoprobe,CPTtestingrig)

• Direct-pushsamplingrodsandleadrodwithretractableslottedscreensampler/DriverodsandHydropunchsamplingdevice

• Polyethylenesamplingtubingandstainlesssteelfoot/checkvalve

• Properlylabeledcontainerforpurgewater

• Peristalticpumpandenvironmentalgradetubing(ifusingCPTastainlesssteelbailershouldbeused)

• Narrowdiameterbladderpumpandappropriatelysizeddisposabletubing

• Pre-cleaned/preparedsamplecontainers

• Cleandisposablegloves(latexorsurgical)

• PersonalprotectiveequipmentasspecifiedintheHealthandSafetyPlan

• Fieldlogbook

3.0 Procedures3.1 SampleCollection1. Decontaminatethesamplingdeviceandotherdownholeequipmentaccordingtotheguidelines

presentedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

2. Advancethedrillbitusingdirectpushdrillingmethodstoapproximately5feetabovethedesiredsamplingdepth.

3. Confirmthedepthoftheboreholeusingawaterlevelmeterorweightedclothtapeandmeasuretotheclosest0.5foot.

4. Verifythepresenceofwaterbyvisualinspectionofsoilcutting,usingsite-specificgeologicinformation,orbysoundingthedepthtowaterusingawaterlevelmeter.

5. Drivethesamplingdeviceintotheformationbeyondtheendoftheaugerbittothedesiredsamplinginterval.Alternatively,drivethesamplingdevicetothedesiredsamplingdepthusingthegeoprobe.

6. Retracttheoutercylinder,exposingtheperforatedentrybarrelandfiltermaterialandallowthegroundwatersampletoenterthedevice.

7. Ifaconepenetrometertestingrigisused,followtheproceduresoutlinedinASTMStandardD5778.

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8. Afterabout15minutes,removethesamplingdevicefromtheground.

9. Fillallsamplecontainers,beginningwiththecontainersforvolatileorganiccompoundanalysis.

10. AbandontheboreholewithneatcementgroutorbentoniteateachsamplinglocationinaccordancewithSection3.7ofSOPB.4,RotosonicDrilling.

Alternatemethodsofgrabgroundwatercollectioncanbeemployeddependingonthetypeofsamplingmethod.Theseincludeusingthefollowing:(1)vacuumpumpandcleandisposabletubingtopumpwatertothesurfacefromthehydropunchsamplingports,(2)peristalticpump(limitedtoabout25feetdeep)andcleandisposabletubingtocollectgrabgroundwatersamplesdirectlyfromthebaseofthedrillstring(orgeoprobetip),(3)narrowdiameterstainlesssteelthiefbailerordisposablepolyethylenebailertocollectasufficientvolumeofgroundwaterdirectlyfromthedrillstring,or(4)narrowdiameterbladderpumpandcleandisposabletubingtocollectgrabgroundwatersamplesdirectlyfromthebaseofthedrillstring(orgeoprobetip).

3.2 KeyChecksThefollowingitemsshouldbecheckedpriortoandafterthesamplecollectionprocess:

• Evaluatesite-specificinformationsuchasmonitoringwelllogsorotherboreholeinformationpriortodrillingandadvancingin-situgroundwatersampling

• Verifytheequipmentiscleanandinproperworkingorder

• Ensurethattheoperatorfollowsthedecontaminationproceduresbetweensamplinglocations

• Verifythattheboreholemadeduringsamplingactivitieshasbeenproperlyabandoned.

• AllmaterialsgeneratedduringsamplingdisposedofasoutlinedintheInvestigativeDerivedWasteManagementPlan.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesintheappropriatefieldformand/orfieldlogbookfollowingtheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.Thefollowinginformationspecifictodirectpushorhydropunchgroundwatersamplingproceduresshouldbeincludedinthefieldformorfieldlogbook:

• Projectname• Siteinformation• Weatherconditions• Typeofrig• Nameofdrilleranddrillingcrew• Approximatelocationofsamplepoint• Sampledepth• Sampletime• Typeofsamplecollected• Sampleequipment(forexample,sampledevicespecifications,peristalticorbladderpump)• Abandonmentprocedures• Samplesubmissioninformation(shippingmethodorlaboratory)• Sampleidentification(sampleidentificationwillfollowthepropernamingconventionidentifiedin

theSAP/QAPP)

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5.0 QualityControl5.1 EquipmentDecontaminationSamplingequipmentshouldbedecontaminatedaccordingtotheproceduresoutlinedinSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.Consultequipmentmanualsforspecificdecontaminationprocedures,ifnecessary.






NG0105171142SLC B-69

SOPB.13 SampleHandlingandShipping1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)describestherequirementsforsampleidentification,chain-of-custody(COC)documentation,andsamplehandling,storage,andshipping.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Samplecontainers• Samplelabels• Sharpie/pens• COCforms(pre-printedorobtainedfromthelaboratory)• Custodyseals• Plasticresealablebags• Ice• Cooler• Cushioningmaterial(shippingpeanuts,cardboard,orbubblewrap)• Strappingtape• Copierordigitalcamera(todocumentCOCrecordspriortoshipment)

3.0 Procedures3.1 SampleIdentificationSamplelabelswillincludethefollowinginformation:


Samplelabelswillbeappliedtosamplecontainersimmediatelyfollowingsamplecollection.AllsampleidentificationswillfollowthenamingconventionidentifiedintheSAP/QAPP.Ifpre-printedlabelsareused,thesamplerisresponsibleforfillingoutanyoftheaboveinformationnotincludedonthelabel.Samplescontainersshouldbedryandplacedinresealableplasticbagsandstoredoniceimmediatelyfollowingsamplecollection.

3.2 Chain-of-CustodyDocumentationCOCrecordswillbeusedtodocumentthesamplestakenandtheanalysesrequested.COCrecordswillincludethefollowinginformation:

• Clientname• Projectname• Projectlocation• Samplinglocation

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• Signatureofsampler(s)• Dateandtimeofcollection• Sampledesignation(graborcomposite)• Samplematrix• Signatureofindividualsinvolvedincustodytransfer(includingdateandtimeoftransfer)• Airbillnumber(ifappropriate)• Typeofanalysisandlaboratorymethodnumber• Laboratoryname

COCrecordswillbeplacedinawaterproofresealableplasticbagandtapedtotheinsidelidofthecoolerandtransportedwiththesamples.BothreceivingandrelinquishingindividualswillsigntheCOCrecordduringsampletransfer.TheoriginalCOCwillbecopiedbeforebeingsubmittedtothelaboratoryandthecopyretainedbythefieldteamleaderorsamplemanager.

3.3 SampleHandling,Storage,andShippingAftersamplecollectionallsampleswillbesecurelycapped,labeled,placedinresealableplasticbags,andstoredonice.SampleswillbeshippedovernightonthesamedaythesamplesarecollectedunlessotherwisespecifiedbytheFieldSamplingPlan.Thefollowingprocedureswillbeusedforcoolerpreparation,samplepackaging,andshipment.

3.3.1 CoolerPreparation1. Removeallpreviouslabelsonthecooler.2. Sealalldrainplugswithtape(insideandoutside).3. Placeacushioninglayerofbubblewrapatthebottomofthecooler.4. Linethecoolerwithalargeplasticbagtocontainsamplesandpreventleaks.5. Double-bagalliceinresealableplasticbagsandseal.

3.3.2 SamplePacking–Soil/WaterSamples1. Placesealedandlabeledsamplecontainersinresealableplasticbags,andplaceinacooler

containingice.Wrapglassbottlesinbubblewrappriortoplacinginresealableplasticbags.

2. Placesamplesinanuprightpositioninthecooler.

3. Placeiceontopofandbetweensamples.Thecoolershouldcontainsufficienticetokeepthecontentsat4degreesCelsius.

4. Fillanyremainingvoidswithbubblewrappedordouble-baggedice.

5. PlacetheCOCforminaresealableplasticbagandtapetotheundersideofthecoolerlid.

3.3.3 SampleShipment–Soil/WaterSamples1. PlacesignedanddatedCOCsealsontwosidesofthelidsperpendicularlyacrosstheseamofthe

coolercover.

2. Useclearstrappingtapetoencirclethecoolerinthesameorientationastheseal.Thetapeshouldcompletelycirclethecooleratleasttwice.

3. Securetheshippinglabeltothecooler.Itispreferabletoattachtheshippinglabeltothelidratherthanthehandleduetohandlebreakageduringshipment.

4. Shipthecoolerovernighttothecontractedlaboratoryonthesamedayassamplecollection.SamplesshouldnotbeshippedonFridayswithoutmakingarrangementswiththecontractedlaboratoryregardinganalyticalholdingtimes.

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.13–SAMPLEHANDLINGANDSHIPPING

NG0105171142SLC B-71

3.3.4 SamplePackagingandShipment–AirSamples1. AttachacompletedsampletagtotheSummacanisterorTedlarbagforeachinvestigativeorquality

controlsample.Thetagwillincludethefieldsamplenumber,location,dateandtimeofsamplecollectionandtypeofanalysis.

2. Tedlarbagsshouldbeplaceduprightinawaterproofmetal(orequivalentstrengthplastic)iceorcooler.Summacanistersshouldbeplacedintheiroriginalshippingcontainer.AheavycardboardshippingboxisadequateforshippingSummacanistersandTedlarbags.

3. Placesufficientcushioningmaterialinthecoolerorcardboardboxtopreventthesamplingcontainersfromshifting.

4. AttachtheCOCrecordandcustodysealsasdescribedinSection3.3.3.

4.0 DocumentationAcopyofallCOCrecordsandtagswillberetainedbythefieldteamleaderorsamplemanager.Fieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesandshippingdetailsintheappropriatefieldformand/orfieldlogbookasdiscussedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.


NG0105171142SLC B-73

SOPB.14 Direct-PushSoilandSoilGasSampleCollection1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesageneralguidelineforthecollectionofsoilsamplesusingdirect-push(forexample,Geoprobe)samplingmethods.

ThisSOPalsoprovidesgeneralguidelinesforthecollectionofsoilvaporsamplesfromtemporarysoilvaporprobes[forexample,Geoprobedirect-pushsystemwithpost-runtubing(PRT)adaptersortheAMSRetract-A-Tipsystem],orfrompermanentlyinstalledsoilvaporprobes,intoevacuatedcanisters.Soilvaporsampleintegrityisverifiedbyusingareal-timeleakcheckingprocedurebeforetakingeachsample.Thismustbedoneafterprobeinstallationandpriortosampling,aswellasbeforeeachsubsequentsoilvaporsamplefrompermanentprobes.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Directpushdrillrigortruck-mountedhydraulicpercussionhammer• Samplingrods• Samplingtubesandacetateliners• Samplelabels• Sharpiepen• Pre-cleanedsamplecontainersandstainless-steelsamplingimplements• Disposablegloves• Cleaningdetergent• Distilledwater• Papertowels• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)• Fieldformand/orlogbook

2.1 SpecifictoSoilGasSampling• Materialstocreateaflushmountorstickupcasing(forpermanentprobes)

• Glassbeads(verysmallbeads,similartosand)tocreateapermeablelayeraroundtheprobescreen(forpermanentprobes).

• Bentonitesealmixture(25percentglassbeadsand75percentpowderedbentoniteclay[hi-yieldtype]togrouttheholefromabovethescreentothegroundsurface(forpermanentprobes).

• Teflontubing,⅟₄-inchoutsidediameter(OD)sampletubing.Ensurethereisenoughtubingtousenewtubingateachsamplelocation.

• Swagelok⅟₄-inchnutandferrulesetsforconnectingtheprobetubingtothesamplingmanifold(part#SS-400-NFSET)

• Heliumcanistercontaininghigh-purity99.999percenthelium(NOTballoongrade)andregulatorforthecanister

• Enclosure/shroudthatfullyenclosesthesoilvaporprobeandsamplingapparatus.

• Heliumdetector(suchasaDielectricMGD-2002)

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.14–DIRECT-PUSHSOILANDSOILGASSAMPLECOLLECTION

B-74 NG0105171142SLC

• MultiRAEFiveGasMeter(optionaliffieldscreeningofpurgedsoilvaporisrequired)

• LandTecGEMLandfillGasMeter(optionaliffieldscreeningofpurgedsoilvaporisrequired)

• Vacuumpumpforpurging,withrotametertocontrolflowto200milliliters/minute(mL/min)

• Electricsupplyforthepump(eitherbattery,generator,orpowerinverterwithadapterforcarbattery)

• SamplingmanifoldconsistingofSwagelokgas-tightfittingswiththreevalvesandonevacuumgaugetoattachtheprobetothevacuumpumpandthesamplecanister(Figure1).

• Swagelokvalve(onlynecessaryforextendedsamplingperiodssothatthesamplingmanifoldcanbedisconnectedwithoutintroducingairintotheprobeafterthepurgingiscompleted)(part#SS-4P4T).

• Wrenches,varioussizesasneededforconnectingfittingsandmakingadjustmentstotheflowcontroller(iffield-adjustable).

• Gassamplingbag(forexample,Tedlarbag)(1or3liters)tocollectthepurgedsoilvapor,sothevolumeofpurgedsoilvaporcanbemeasuredandsofieldscreeningcanbeperformedonthepurgedvapor

• Canister,stainlesssteel,polished,certified-clean,andevacuated.Thesearetypicallycleaned,evacuated,andprovidedbythelaboratory.

• Flowcontrollerorcriticalorifice,certified-clean,andsetatdesiredsamplingrate.Thesearetypicallycleaned,set,andprovidedbythelaboratory.Soilvaporsamplesaretypicallycollectedin1-or6-litercanistersataflowrateofnogreaterthan200mlL/min;however,lesserflowratesmaybeusedinfinergrainersoils.

• Digitalpressuregaugewith0.50"Hgaccuracy.Accuracyshouldbeverifiedannually.

• Shippingcontainer,suitableforprotectionofcanister(s)duringshipping.Typically,strongcardboardboxesareusedforcanistershipment.Thecanistersshouldbeshippedtothelaboratoryinthesameshippingcontainer(s)inwhichtheywerereceived.


NG0105171142SLC B-75

Figure1.SamplingManifold

3.0 Procedures3.1 SoilSampling1. Decontaminatesamplingtubesandothernon-dedicateddownholeequipmentinaccordancewith

SOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

2. Drivesamplingtubetothedesiredsamplingdepthusingthedirect-pushdrillrigortruck-mountedhydraulicpercussionhammer.Ifsoilabovethedesireddepthisnottobesampled,firstdrivetheleadrod,withoutasamplingtube,tothetopofthedesireddepth.

3. Removetherodsandsamplingtubefromtheboreholeandremovethesamplingtubefromtheleadrod.

4. Cutopentheacetatelinerusingaspecificknifedesignedtoslicetheacetateliners.

Valve1toProbe

In-LineGauge

Manifold

FlowController CanisterValve

Canister

Valve2toSample

VacuumPump

Valve3toVacuumPump


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5. Screenthesoilwithaphotoionizationdetector(PID).Fillallsamplecontainers,beginningwiththecontainersforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)analysis,usingadecontaminatedordedicatedsamplingimplement.FortheVOCsamples,placethesampleintoapre-preservedVOAvialordirectsamplecontainersuchasanEnCoreorTerraCoresamplerandsealthecaptightly.Ideally,theoperationshouldbecompletedin1minute.Labelthevialsandimmediatelyplacesamplesoniceforshipmenttothelaboratory.

6. Decontaminateallnon-dedicateddownholeequipment(rods,samplingtubes,etc.)inaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipmentt.

7. Backfillboreholeateachsamplinglocationwithgroutorbentoniteandrepairthesurfacewithlikematerial(bentonite,asphaltpatch,concrete,etc.),asrequired.

3.2 SoilGasSampling3.2.1 Site-SpecificConsiderations1. Soilvaporsamplingshouldnotbeperformeduntil5daysafterasignificantrainevent(definedas

½inchorgreaterofrainfallduringa24-hourperiod).

2. Methaneandcarbondioxide(CO2)cancausepositivebiaswithaheliumleakdetector,ifaheliumleak-checkprocedureisusedasdetailedinthisSOP.IfmethaneorCO2areexpectedorencounteredatasite,thenitmaybenecessarytoexploredifferentstrategiestodeterminesoilvaporprobeintegrity.

3. Thesubsurfaceneedstimetoequilibrateafterprobeinstallation;30minutesfortemporarydirect-pushprobes,and48hoursfordirect-pushorhand-augeredpermanentprobes.

4. Priortoattemptingsamplingofsoilvaporprobes,thereshouldbeanunderstandingofsubsurfaceconditionsatthesite.

a. DepthtoGroundwater–soilvaporsamplesmustbecollectedinthevadosezone(andabovethecapillaryfringe).

b. Soilpermeability–Itmaynotbefeasibletocollectsoilvaporfromfiner-grainedortightsoils,suchasclays.Ifthereareclaylayerspresentinthesubsurface,theseintervalsshouldbeavoided.Forsamplinginthesesoils,usingpermanentsoilvaporprobeswithawiderboreholeisrecommended.Careshouldbetakenduringpurgingandsamplingsothatthevacuuminthesamplingsystemneverexceeds7inchesmercury("Hg)orapproximately100incheswater.

5. Airpressuredecreaseswithelevation.Therefore,acanisterevacuatedatalaboratorylocatedatsealevelwillshowalowervacuummeasurementatahigheraltitude.Generally,a1,000-footriseinelevationcorrespondstoa1-inchHgdropinpressureORa1-inchHgdecreaseinmeasuredvacuum.Forexample,acanisterevacuatedto30inchesatsealevelandusedat3,000feetwouldshowaninitialvacuumof27"Hg.

3.2.2 SystemSetUp1. Obtainsoilgassamplingprobesinsufficientquantitytocarryouttheassessment(Figure2).These

systemsandtheirinstallationcanbeobtainedfromgeotechnicalfirmsthatprovidedirect-pushsuppliesandservicesorfromAMSforthehandtoolmethod.Theirbasicinstallationprocedurescanbefollowedaslongasthedetailsbelowareincluded.

2. Manufacturedsoilgasprobes(suchastheGeoprobeSoilGasImplant,andAMSdedicatedgasvaporprobetip)arespecificallymanufacturedforsoilgascollectionandfacilitateinstallation,improvesampling,areeasilydecontaminatedbetweeneachuse,andofferconsistencyandeaseofuse.


NG0105171142SLC B-77

3. Itisnecessarytocoordinatethehardware(thatis,sizeoftubing,fittings,samplinginterfaceassembly,etc.)thatmatesthesoilgasprobesamplinglinetothesamplingsystem(forexample,Tedlarbags,SUMMAcanisters).Appropriatehardwareiscriticaltoachievingaleak-freesystem.Allconnectionsshouldbeinertgas-tightcompressionfittings(thatis,Swagelokorequivalent),andallsampletransferlinesshouldbemadeofTeflonortubing.Typically,alltubingandfittingsshouldbe⅟₄-inchOD.ThesefittingswillmatchupwiththesamplingmanifoldspecifiedinthesoilgassamplingSOPB.14,Direct-PushSoilandSoilGasSampleCollection.

4. Thesoilgasprobesandequipmentmustbedecontaminatedpriortouse.Steamcleaningisthepreferredmethodofdecontamination;however,athree-stagedecontaminationprocessconsistingofawashwithanon-phosphatedetergent,arinsewithtapwaterandafinalrinsewithdistilledwatermaybeused.Theequipmentshouldbeallowedtodrybeforeuse.Oncedecontaminated,theprobesmustbeshowntobefreeofcontaminants.Ataminimum,asuitablysensitiveorganicvapormetershouldbeusedforthispurpose.Anyprobethatdoesnotpassdecontaminationshouldnotbeused.

5. Handleandstoredecontaminatedsoilgasprobesinamannerthatpreventscontamination.

6. Inspecteachgasprobeassemblyforwareandfaultyparts.Replaceprobetips,o-rings,adapters,andproberodsasneeded.Newpartsandpartsingoodworkingconditiongreatlyreducethechancesofambientairleakingintothesoilgassampleandreducetheneedforre-pushingprobes.

3.2.3 PermanentProbeInstallation1. Assemblethedrivepointholder,implantanchor/drivepoint,anddriverod.Drivetherodtothe

desiredbottomscreendepth(forexample,foraprobescreenedfrom5feet6inchesto5feetbgs,therodshouldbedrivento5feet6inches).Donotdisengagethedrivepointatthistime.

2. Attachthe⅟₄-inchTeflontubingtotheprobescreen.Useenoughtubingsothatatleast2feetwillbeleftaboveground.Makesurethatthetubingdoesnotspinontheprobescreen;ifitdoes,itwillnotbepossibletoscrewtheprobescreenintothedrivepoint/anchor.Electricaltapecanbeusedtosecurethetubingtothescreen.Plugtheexposedendofthetubingwiththeprobecap.

3. Removethedriveheadandthreadtheprobescreen(GeoprobeSystemsimplant)andtubingdowntheinsideofthedriverod.Oncetheimplantreachesthedrivepoint,turnthetubingcounterclockwisewithagentledownwardforcetothreadthescreenintothedrivepoint/anchor.Testthatthescreenisseatedbygentlypullinguponthetubing.Itisveryimportanttoensurethatthescreenisseatedbeforemovingontothenextstep.

4. Retractthedriverod12incheswhilepushingdownontheTeflontubing.Thisistoensurethatastherodisbeingremovedwhiletheanchor/drivepointandimplantstayatdepth.

5. Threadthetubingthroughafunnelandplacethefunnelontopofthedriverod.Determinethevolumeofglassbeadsneededtofillthespacearoundthescreenplusanadditional6-inchspaceabovethescreen.Removethecapplacedovertheendofthetubing.Pourthebeadsintothefunnelanddowntheinsidediameterofthedriverod.UsetheTeflontubingtostirtheglassbeadsandensuretheymakeitallthewaydowntothebottom.Donotpullonthetubing.Note:Failuretoremovethecapduringthisstepcanresultinbridgingofglassbeads(duetoairdisplacementissue)andthereforeaninsufficientfilterpackaroundscreen(Figure2).

6. Liftthedriverodupanadditional18to24inchesandpourinthebentonitesealmixture.Themixtureis25percentglassbeadsand75percentpowderedbentoniteclay(hi-yieldtype).Ittakesapproximately154mLofthismixtureperfoot.Atleast2feetofthemixturearerecommendedtoadequatelysealtheholeandpreventcontributionfromambientairduringsampling.Pour50mlofwaterdownthedriverodtoinitiatethebentoniteseal.


B-78 NG0105171142SLC

7. Replacecapoverendoftubing.Pullthedriverodtherestofthewayoutofthegroundandfilltheremainingholetoabout1footfromthegroundsurfacewitheitherbentoniteorcement.

8. Installeitherastickuporflushmountcovertofinishtheprobe.Coiltheextratubinginsidetheenclosureandcover(Figure3).

9. Waitatleast24hoursbeforesampling,sothatthesubsurfacehastimetoequilibrate.FollowtheproperproceduresaspresentedinSection3.2.5,andbesurethatleak-checkproceduresareemployed.

10. Whencalculatingdeadvolume,usetheinternalvolumeoftheTeflontubing,theinternalvolumeofthescreen,andthevolumeoftheglassbeadpack(assume30percentporosity).

11. Thesurroundinggroundsurfacewillbereplacedandrepairedtooriginalcondition.

Figure2.AddingGlassBeadstotheGeoprobeImplant


NG0105171142SLC B-79

Figure3.InstalledGeoprobeImplantwithFlushMountCover


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3.2.4 SoilGasProbeInstallationandRemovalfortheAMSDedicatedGasVaporProbeMethod

1. AssembletheprobeasshownonFigure3andattachthetubing.Threadthetubingthroughthehollowrodandattachthedriveendtothetopoftherod.Electricaltapemaybeusedtosecurethetubingtothetip,andprotectthetubingfromthedriveend.

2. Pushtheprobetothedesireddepthwitheithertheslidehammerorhammerdrill.Attachextrarodstoachievethedesireddepth.Ensurethatthefinaldepthofthedrivepointincludesextradepthtoincludethelengthoftheretractedtip.

3. Retracttherodwiththeremovaljacktoexposethescreenwithintheprobetip.

4. Installtheprobesinamannerthatcreatesaleak-freesealbetweentheabove-groundatmosphereandtheprobetip,whileminimizingtheimpactongroundsurfacecovers(forexample,asphalt,concrete,driveways,lawns)byfollowingsteps6.5to6.7below.

5. Determinethevolumeofglassbeadsneededtofillthespacearoundthescreenplusanadditional6-inchspaceabovethescreen.Removethecapplacedovertheendofthetubingandthreadthetubingthroughafunnelandplacethefunnelontopofthehole.Pourtheglassbeadsintothefunnelanddowntheinsideofthehole.UsetheTeflontubingtostirtheglassbeadsandensuretheymakeitallthewaydowntothebottom.Donotpullonthetubing.Note:Failuretoremovethecapduringthisstepcanresultinbridgingofglassbeads(duetoairdisplacementissue)andthereforeaninsufficientfilterpackaroundscreen.

6. Pourinabentonitesealmixtureanadditional18to24inchesontopoftheglassbeadfilterpack.Themixtureis25percentglassbeadsand75percentpowderedbentoniteclay(hi-yieldtype).Atleast2feetofthemixturearerecommendedtoadequatelysealtheholeandpreventcontributionfromambientairduringsampling.Pourenoughwaterdowntheholetoinitiatethebentoniteseal.

7. Filltheremainingholetoabout1footfromthegroundsurfacewitheitherbentoniteorcement.Removefunnelandreplacecapoverendoftubing.

8. Intheeventtheinstallationtechniquedoesnotwork,andapre-drilledpilotholeisneeded,thisproceduremustbecoordinatedwiththeprojectengineer.Useofpre-drilledholeswillrequirecarefulcontrolastonotover-drillandmayalsocreatetheneedforback-groutingtoovercomeleakagefromtheabovegroundambientatmosphere.

9. Wait30minutesaftertheprobeisinstalledandsealedproperlytobeginsampling,sothatthesubsurfacehastimetoequilibrate.Theprobecapshouldbetightenedontheendofthetubingduringtheequilibrationperiod.FollowtheproperproceduresaspresentedinSection3.2.5,andbesurethatleak-checkproceduresareemployed.


NG0105171142SLC B-81

Figure4.AMSGasVaporProbeAssembly

3.2.5 SamplingSetUp1. Measuretheinitialcanisterpressurewiththedigitalpressuregauge.Theinitialpressureshouldbe

between-28to-30"Hg.Ifitislessthan-26"Hgdonotusethecanisterforsampling.Ifitisbetween-28to-26"Hgonlyusethecanisteriftherearenoothersparecanistersavailable.Inthefieldlogrecordthecanisteridentification(ID),flowcontrollerID,initialpressure,desiredflowrate,samplelocationinformation,andallotherinformationpertinenttothesamplingeffort.

2. Connecttheflowcontrollertothecanister.Whentheflowcontrollerisattachedcorrectlyitwillnotmoveseparatelyfromthecanister(itwillnotspinaround).

3. Connectthecanisterviatheflowcontrollertothesamplingmanifold.

4. ConnecttheprobetubingtothesamplingmanifoldusingaSwageloknutandferruleset.

5. Ifthesamplewillbecollectedoveraperiodoftimegreaterthan30minutes,aflowdiversionvalve(Swagelokpart#SS-4P4T)shouldbeplacedin-linebetweentheprobeandthemanifold.Oncepurginghasbeencompleted,theflowdiversionvalvecanbeturnedtotheoffposition,allowingdisconnectionofthemanifoldandvacuumpumpforuseatanotherlocation,withoutthelossofpurgeintegrityatthepurgedlocation.


B-82 NG0105171142SLC

Figure5.SoilVaporSamplingSystem


NG0105171142SLC B-83

1. ManifoldVacuumLeakCheck(shutintest)–Thepurposeofthemanifoldleaktestistomakesuretheconnectionsinthesamplingtrainareairtight.Theconnectionsonthesamplingmanifoldthroughtheflowcontrollertothevalveonthecanisterwillbeleaktested.

a. Closethevalvetotheprobe(Valve1),openthevalvestothepump(Valve3)andthecanister(Valve2)onthemanifold.Thevalveonthecanisterisclosed.

b. Turnthepumponandwaitforthegaugeonthemanifoldtoapproximately-10"Hg.Closethevalvetothepump(Valve3)andturnthepumpoff.Thesamplingtrainisnowaclosedsystem.

c. Waitapproximately1minutetoensurethatthevacuumismaintainedandtherearenoleaks(asshownbythestabilityofthepressuregauge).

d. Ifthereisalossofvacuum,tightentheconnectionsandredotheleaktestuntilitpasses.

2. SystemPurgeandHeliumLeakCheck–Apurgeofthesoilvaporprobeandsamplingmanifoldsystemisrequiredbeforetakingeachsample.Theheliumleakcheckprocedureisalsoperformedduringthisstep.Thisheliumleakcheckwillverifytheintegrityofthesamplingadapter(orPRTadapterifusingtheGeoprobesystem)sealandtheprobeandgroundinterface.

a. Placetheheliumleakcheckenclosurearoundthesoilvaporprobeandsamplingapparatus(Figure5).Theenclosureshouldnotbesotightlysealedthatpressurebuildsupintheenclosure.

b. Floodtheenclosurewithhelium,andthenmeasuretheheliumconcentrationintheenclosure.Itshouldbeatleast10percentheliumintheenclosureduringpurging.Measureandrecordtheheliumconcentrationintheenclosureperiodicallyduringtheentirepurgesothatanaverageconcentrationcanbecalculated.

c. Purge3deadvolumes(internalvolume)ofthein-groundannularspace,sampleline,andsamplingmanifoldsystem.Thepurgingflowrateshouldnotexceed200mL/min.

i. ThepurgedsoilvaporshouldbecollectedinaTedlarbagtomeasurethevolumepurgedandsothatfieldreadingsofthepurgedvaporcanbemeasured.

ii. Ifthevacuumgaugereadsgreaterthan7"Hgduringthepurge,thenclosethepurgevalve(Valve3)andmonitorthevacuuminthemanifoldandprobefor3minutes.Ifthereisnonoticeablechangeinvacuumafteraminute,thenthereisaninsufficientamountofsoilvaportocollectasampleandthevacuumistoogreattocollectasoilvaporsample.Severalfactorscancausethissituation.

A. Thesoilformationistoo“tight”(thatis,highclayormoisturecontent).Tryusingalowerflowrate(temporaryorpermanentprobe),ortrysamplingadifferentdepthorlocation(temporaryprobe).

B. Withatemporaryprobesystem,theexpendabletipmaynothavereleasedwhenthedriverodwasretracted.Tryretractingtheprobealittlefurther,orusealong,thinrodtopokethetiploose.

C. Ifwaterisvisibleintheflexiblesoilvaportubing,stopthepurgingimmediately.Itisnotpossibletotakeasoilvaporsampleatthatdepthorlocation.

d. Turnoffthepumpandclosethevalvetothepump(Valve3)oncethepurgingiscompleted.

e. Measuretheheliumconcentrationinthelastpurgeddeadvolumewiththeheliumdetector.Theheliumconcentrationinthepurgedsoilvapormustbelessthan5percentofwhatitwasintheheliumenclosureduringpurgingtopasstheleaktest.


B-84 NG0105171142SLC

i. Iftheprobefailstheleakcheckthencorrectiveactionisrequired.Thisincludesfirstcheckingthefittingsandconnectionsandtryinganotherpurgeandleakcheck.Itmayalsobenecessarytoremovethesoilvaporprobeandre-installitinanearbylocation.Theleaktestmustbeperformedagainaftercorrectiveactionsaretakenuntilthesoilvaporprobepassestheleaktest.

ii. Note:Heliumdetectorsmaybesensitivetohighconcentrationsofmethaneorcarbondioxide.Iftheseareexpectedtobepresentinthesoilvapor,thencautionshouldbeusedwiththistechnique,asfalsepositivereadingsmaybeencounteredduringleaktesting.UseaLandTecGEMLandfillGasMetertodetermineifmethaneorcarbondioxideispresentinthesoilvapor.

f. ThepurgedsoilvaporintheTedlarbagcanbescreenedwithaLandTecGEMLandfillGasMetertogetfieldreadingsofcarbondioxide,oxygen,andmethane,and/oraMiniRAEorMultiRAEPIDtogetfieldreadingsoftotalVOCs,hydrogensulfide,carbonmonoxide,oxygen,andlowerexplosivelimit.

g. RecordthepurgeandleaktestinformationontheSoilVaporSamplingLog.

3. SampleCollection

a. Thecanister(withattachedflowcontroller)shouldalreadybeattachedtotheprobeviathesamplingmanifold.Thevalvetothepump(Valve3)shouldbeclosed,andthevalvetotheprobe(Valve1)shouldbeopen.

b. Openthevalvetothecanister(Valve2)andopenthevalveonthecanister.

c. Aftersamplingfortheappropriateamountoftime,closethecanister’svalveandthesamplevalve(Valve2).

d. Measurethefinalcanisterpressurewiththedigitalpressuregauge.Thefinalpressureshouldbebetween-2and-5"Hg.Ifnecessary,reconnectthatcanisterandallowthesampletocollectforlonger.Ifthepressureisbetween0and-2"Hgthesamplemaybesubmittedforanalysisifthelaboratoryconfirmsthereissomemeasurablevacuumonreceipt.Ifthefinalcanistervacuumis0"Hg,thesamplemustberecollected.

e. Recordthesamplingdate,times,canisterID,flowcontrollerID,vacuumgaugeID(s),andanyotherobservationspertinenttothesamplingeventontheSoilVaporSamplingLog.

f. Disassemblethesamplingsystem.

g. Forpermanentprobes,replacetheprobecapandmakesureitissecurelyinplace.Fortemporaryprobes,removetheprobeandabandontheborehole.

h. Filloutallappropriatedocumentation(chainofcustody,sampletags)andreturncanistersandequipmenttothelaboratoryinthesameshippingcontainerinwhichtheywerereceived.Thesamplesshouldnotbecooledduringshipment.DONOTputiceintheshippingcontainer.Donotplacestickylabelsortapeonsurfaceofthecanister.



NG0105171142SLC B-85

5.0 QualityControl5.1 EquipmentCleaning/Adjustment• Samplingequipmentthatwillbeusedatmultiplesamplinglocationswillbedecontaminatedafter

samplingateachlocationinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.

• LaboratoriessupplyingcanistersmustfollowtheperformancecriteriaandqualityassuranceprescribedinU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)MethodTO-14/15forcanistercleaning,certificationofcleanliness,andleakchecking.SOPsarerequiredfromthelaboratory.

• LaboratoriessupplyingflowcontrollersmustfollowtheperformancecriteriaandqualityassuranceprescribedinEPAMethodTO-14/15forflowcontrollercleaningandadjustment.SOPsarerequiredfromthelaboratory.






NG0105171142SLC B-87

SOPB.15 ConePenetrationTesting1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)providesthegeneralguidelinesforconepenetrationtesting(CPT)procedures.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Hydraulicpushingsystemwithrods(CPTrigortruck-mounteddrillrig)• Pushrods• Electronicpenetrometer• Cableortransmissiondevice• Depthrecorder• Dataacquisitionunit• Fieldformand/orlogbook

3.0 Procedures3.1 PermitsandClearancesBeforebeginningfieldwork,requireddrilling/exploratoryboringpermitsmustbeacquiredasdescribedinSOPB.1,EquipmentCalibration.Thisistheresponsibilityofthefieldgeologist.Inadditiontodrilling/exploratoryboringpermits,utilityclearancesmustbeacquiredfromallpubicand/orprivatecompaniesthatpotentiallyhaveutilitieswithintheinvestigationsite(SOPB.1,EquipmentCalibration).Utilitiesmustbeclearlymarkedsotherigoperatorcanavoidtheselines.ThesubcontractshouldstipulateresponsibilityforseveredutilitiesanddamagedCPT/direct-pushsamplingequipment.

3.2 TestingOperationsEfficientfieldoperationswithelectricconetestingrequireskilledoperatorsandadequatetechnicalback-upfacilitiesforcalibrationandmaintenanceofequipment.

Baselinereadingsoftheporewaterpressuretransducersarerecommendedandshouldbeobtainedimmediatelyafterassemblytopreventevaporation.Todoso,removeprotectivecapsorcoversfromthepenetrometertip(thesecouldbeasourceofpressureonthesystem)andhangitfreelyinairorimmersedinabucketofwater.Anotherroundofbaselinereadingsisrecommendedafterthesoundinghasbeencompletedandthepenetrometerhasbeenwithdrawntothesurface.

EquipmentoperatorsbeginbylevelingtheCPTrigoverthetestingpoint.Levelingisaccomplishedwithhydraulicjacks.Oncelevel,theoperatormayruna“dummycone”intotheupperzone(0to3feet,0to1meterbelowgroundlevel),ifgravelorrandomfillissuspected.Next,theoperatorpreparesthepiezo-element,whichinvolvesde-airingoftheporousfilterelement;de-airingofthecone(especiallywithrespecttothepressurechamberimmediatelyadjacenttothepressuretransducer);andassemblingoftheconeandfilter.Thepreparedconeisthenloweredonastringofpushrods.Therateofpenetrationissetbetween2to4feetperminute(10to20millimeterspersecond),±25percentwhenobtainingresistancedata.Duringpenetration,theelectricpenetrometerproducescontinuousdatathatrequiresrelativelycomplexdatacollectionandprocessing.Thesignalsareusuallytransmittedviaacablepre-threadeddownthestandardpushrods.

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Thedigitaldataareincrementalinnature,typicallyrecordingallchannelsevery2inches(5centimeters)indepth.Dataarestoredonfloppydisketteforfuturetransfertoanofficecomputerandplotter.Inaddition,printersandplottersaretypicallyusedinthefieldwithmicroprocessorstocalculateandplotdataimmediatelyafterthecompletionoforduringconetests.

Inthefield,simplecheckcalibrationsandproceduresareessentialafterconnectingtheequipmenttoensurethatallisfunctioningproperly.Thefieldgeologistshouldverifythatloadmeasurementsystemsarecalibratedatintervalsnottoexceedthreemonths,andmorefrequentlywhentheequipmentisinusecontinuously.Betweentests,theCPToperatorshouldchecktheconeandfrictionsleeveforobviousdamageorwear.Thesealsbetweendifferentelementsshouldalsobecleanedandinspected.

3.3 BoreholeAbandonmentTocomplywithgroundwaterregulatoryordinances,allCPTboreholesmustbesealedtoprotectaquifersfromsurfacecontaminationandcrossaquifercontamination.Typically,atremiepipeisruntothebottomoftheboreholethroughastringofpushrods.Thetremiepiperemainsintheboreholewhilethepushrodsareremoved,thentheboreholeisgroutedwithabentonite/cementslurrythroughthetremiepipe,fromthebottomoftheboreholetothegroundsurface.Thetremiepipeisremovedastheslurryrisesintheborehole.ForshallowCPT(typicallylessthan50feettotaldepth),thetremiepipemaybeloweredbyhandaftertherigmobilizesoffsite,iftherigoperatorisconfidentthattheformationwillnotclose.PressuregroutingaCPTboreholeasthepushrodsareremovedisalsoanacceptablegroutingmethodifartesianconditionsarenotexpectedinthesubsurface.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsDuringtesting,fieldpersonnelshouldkeepawrittenlogthatincludes:

• Locationandcharacteristicsofcontacts• Numberofoutersoundingtubes,astheirweightcanbeanappreciablepartoftherecord• Numberofinnerrods,tomaintaintherecordofdepthofpenetration• Depthandlengthoflongpausesinpushing• Initialandfinalbaselinesforeachsounding• Anyunusualconditionaffectingtestproceduresorresults

Additionally,fieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesinthefieldlogbookandappropriatefieldformsasoutlinedinSOPB.3FieldDocumentation.ThemasterfieldlogbookwillbemaintainedbytheFieldTeamLeader.

5.0 RelevantLiteratureAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM).2000.StandardTestMethodforPerformingElectronicFrictionConeandPiezoconePenetrationTestingofSoils.D5778-95(2000).

Robertson,P.K.,andR.G.Campanella.1986.GuidelinesforGeotechnicalDesignusingtheConePenetrometerTestandCPTwithPorePressureMeasurement.HogentoglerandCompany,Inc..

U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,NaturalResourcesConservationService(USDA-NRCS).2012.“ConePenetrometer.”NationalEngineeringHandbook,Chapter11.


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SOPB.16 SurfaceSoil/Hand-augerSampling1.0 PurposeandScopeThisStandardOperatingProcedure(SOP)providesthegeneralguidelinesforthecollectionandhandlingofsurfacesoilsamplesandnear-surfacesamplescollectedusingatrowelandahand-augeringdevice.Thismethodisapplicabletolooselypackedsoils.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Ahandaugerorotherdevicethatcanbeusedtoremovethesoilfromtheground.Sample

materialsshouldbelimitedtostainless-steel,Teflon,acetate,orglassmaterials.• Astainless-steelspatulaandstainlesssteelbowls(toremovematerialsfromthesamplingdevice).• Calibratedphotoionizationdetector(ifsamplinginacontaminantsourcearea)• Disposablescooportrowel(optional)• Disposablegloves• Papertowels• Distilledwater• Samplejars/containers• Unpaintedwoodenstakesorpinflags(tomarksamplelocation)• Measuringtape• Samplelabels• Sharpiepen• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)• Fieldformand/orfieldlogbook

3.0 ProceduresThefollowinggeneralstepsshouldbefollowedinconjunctionwiththedirectionsspecifictothesoilcoresamplingdevice.

1. Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)includingdisposablegloves.

2. Ifthesamplelocationhasnotbeenpreviouslymarked,locatethesamplelocationandmarkthepointwithanunpaintedwoodenstakeorpinflag.Useameasuringtapetolocatethepositionfromafixedlandmark(forexample,cornerofbuilding,parkinglot,orintersection).Recordthesamplelocationinthefieldformand/orfieldlogbook.

3. Inselectingasamplelocation,avoidlocatingsamplesindebris,treeroots,standingwater,orinareaswhereresidentialactivities(forexample,barbecueareas,driveways,garbageareas)mayimpactthesample.Totheextentpossible,differentiatebetweenearthenfillandnaturalsoil.

4. Removeorganicmaterial(forexample,grass,leaves)adjacenttothelocationmarkerusingadecontaminatedstainless-steeloranewdisposablescooportrowel.

5. Tosamplesurfacesoil,scoopthesoilusingtheaugeringscooportrowel.

6. Tosamplesubsurfacesoil,useadecontaminatedhandaugertoobtainsoilfromthedesireddepth.Markdepthintervalsonthehandaugerandextensionsorperiodicallymeasurethedepthusingthemeasuringtape.

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7. Ifsamplinginacontaminantsourcearea,acalibratedphotoionizationdetectorshouldbeusedtomeasuretheresponseofthesampledsoil.FieldpersonnelshouldconsultthehealthandsafetyplantodeterminetheappropriatelevelofPPErequired.

8. Emptythecontentsofthescoop/trowelintotheappropriatesamplecontainer.Forvolatileorganiccompounds,samplecontainersshouldbefilleddirectlyfromthetrowel/scoopandcappedimmediatelyuponfilling.Samplescollectedforotheranalysesmaybesampledfromastainlesssteelbowl.

9. LabelthesamplecontainersusingtheconventionidentifiedintheSAP/QAPPandstorethesamplesforshipment.

10. Decontaminatesamplingequipmentafteruse(SOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment,fordecontaminationprocedures).

11. DisposeofPPEandinvestigative-derivedwasteaccordingtotheproceduresoutlinedintheInvestigativeDerivedWasteManagementPlan.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesinthefieldlogbookandappropriatefieldformsasoutlinedinSOPB.3FieldDocumentation.ThemasterfieldlogbookwillbemaintainedbytheFieldTeamLeader.

5.0 QualityControl• TripblankswillbesubmittedwitheveryshipmentofVOCsamples.





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SOPB.17 AnalyticalMethodfortheDeterminationofVolatileOrganicsinAirUsingtheHAPSITEFieldGC/MS1.0 ScopeandApplicationThisdocumentprovidesstandardoperatingproceduresforusingaHAPSITEgaschromatograph/massspectrometer(GC/MS)foruseatfieldprojectsusingU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)MethodTO-15asguidance.ThisprocedureisintendedtobeusedbyGC/MSchemistswithpropertrainingandexperience.TheseproceduresarebaseduponEPAMethodTO-15aspublishedin“CompendiumofMethodsfortheDeterminationofToxicOrganicCompoundsinAmbientAir”,SecondEdition,January1999andtheHAPSITEusermanual.ThismethodisapplicabletospecificVolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)inair.Table1presentsalistofVOCswithreportinglimitswhichcanbeanalyzedwiththisprocedure.ThisSOPcoversthestandardoperatingproceduresfortheHAPSITE,however,sitespecificrequirementsprovidedinotherprojectspecificdocuments(suchasaQAPPorSAP)mayoverridethisSOP.Additionally,fieldconditionsencounteredduringfieldworkmayrequiremodificationstotheprocedures.

2.0 OverviewoftheAnalyticalProcess• Airsamplesarecollectedthroughthesamplingprobeatambientpressure.

• TheHAPSITEcanbeoperatedintwodifferentmodes.Analyticalmodeforquantitativeandqualitativeresults,orsurvey(sniff)modeforqualitativescreening.

• Analyticalmode:SamplesareintroducedintotheGC/MSsystembywayofasampleprobeandconcentrator.Theconcentratortrapsthesampleontoanadsorbenttrapwhichallowsatmosphericgasestopassthrough(CO2,O2,N2,etc.).ThetrapisthenheatedandtheanalytesaretransferredtotheGCcolumn,thentotheMSdetector.

• Surveymode:SamplesareintroducedthroughthesampleprobedirectlyintotheMSdetector.

• DataiscollectedandstoredintotheHAPSITEsystemmemory.Thedatacanthenbeusedbyanexternalcomputerforcalibration,dataprocessing,reportingofsamples,anddataarchiving.

• SIMandSCAN:TheMSsystemiscapableofoperatinginSCANorSIMmode,dependingonanalyticalorspecificprojectrequirements.SCANmodeisusedformoreconventionalTO-15analysisoriftentativelyidentifiedcompounds(TIC)arerequired.Inthismode,theMSscansarangeofions(typically35-250amu).ThisrangecontainsallionsnecessarytoidentifyandquantitateallcompoundsintheTO-15list.Iflowerdetectionlevelsarerequired,SIMmodemaybeutilized.InSIMmode,theanalyzeronlylooksationsspecifictothetargetcompounds.Uptothreeionsareusedpercompound,1forquantitation,and1or2forqualification.Thisincreasesthedwelltimethattheanalyzerspendsscanningforeachspecifiedion,whichincreasessensitivityatthecostofselectivity.Becauseofthis,itisnotpossibletoproduceTICreportsinSIMmode.

• Aftersamplesareanalyzed,processed,andmeetallacceptancecriteriaherein,aclientreportisgeneratedandtypicallyreviewedbyapeer.

• HAPSITEmethodfilesanddatafileswillberetainedontheprojectdrive.

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3.0 TargetAnalytes,ReportingLimits,andDetectionLimits

StandardtargetanalytesandreportinglimitsforthebaseanalytelistforanalysisinSIMmodearelistedinTable1.Inordertokeeptheanalysistimeasshortaspossible,theanalytelistshouldbekepttotheminimumnumberofcompoundsofinterest.InordertoproducetheanalytelistandreportinglimitsinTable1,ittakesapproximately10-15minutesfrominjectiontoinjection(includingsamplingtime,analyticalruntime,postruninstrumentcooldown.)

Thereportinglimits(RL)willbeatorabovethelowestcalibratedpointontheinitialcalibrationcurve.Reportinglimitsmayincreaseordecreasebasedontheamountoftimethesampleisloadedontotheconcentrator.Typicalachievablelimitsfora1-minutefilltimearelistedinTable1forSIMmode.

4.0 Interferences• Contaminationmayoccurinthesamplingsystemifitisnotproperlycleanedbeforeuse.Therefore,

theprobeshouldbeheatedandanambientsystemflushperformedatthestartofeachday,orbetweensampleswithelevatedconcentrationsofVOCs.

• Contaminationmayoccurfromimpuritiesinthecarriergasesandfrombackgroundsources.Thesesourcesofcontaminationaremonitoredthroughanalysisofmethodblanks.

• Cross-contaminationcanoccurwheneversamplescontaininghighVOCconcentrationsareanalyzed.Therefore,wheneveranunusuallyconcentratedsampleisencountered,theanalystusesprofessionaljudgmentwhenreviewingthefollowingsamplestodeterminewhetherreanalysisisnecessary.

5.0 SampleCollection,Storage,HoldingTimes,andPreservation

Samplesaretypicallydrawndirectlythroughthesamplingprobe;therefore,nosamplemediaisnecessary.However,itispossibletoanalyzeadilutedsamplecollectedinaTedlarbag.AnalysisofTedlarbagsshouldbeperformedimmediatelyaftersamplecollection.Asthisprocedurewillmosttypicallybeperformedimmediatelyinthefield,holdingtimesandpreservationaretypicallynotapplicable.

6.0 ApparatusandMaterials1. InficonHAPSITESmart,SmartPlusorERGC/MS.

2. GCColumn–100%methylsiliconephase,15mor30m×0.32mmID×1µmfilm.

3. Tedlarbagsinvarioussizesasneeded.IncludeSummatobagadapterforcalibrationstandards.

4. Gastitesyringesinvarioussizesfrom25µLto100mLwithTeflonplungerandroundedneedletip.

5. Twostageregulatorfornitrogencylinder(optionalifHAPSITEwillbeusedinafixedlocation).CGA580fitting.

6. AportableWindowsbasedlaptopcomputer.ThecomputerutilizestheHAPSITESmartIQsoftwareforacquisition,integration,quantitation,andstorageofmassspectraldata.TheHAPSITEcanoperatewithoutconnectiontoacomputer,butacomputerisnecessaryforhigherqualitydatareprocessing.


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7. Powersource.Eitherlinepoweroranautomobilepowerinverter.TheHAPSITEhasanonboardbattery,butitneedstobere-chargedperiodically.

7.0 Standards,Gases,andReagents1. Calibrationstandards–Purchaseapre-madestandardorhavethevendorprepareacalibration

standardina6LSUMMAcanister.Actualconcentrationandcompositionvariesbyproject,buttypically5ppbvand0.5ppbvaregoodtargets.

a. Stockstandards–standardsarepurchasedascustommademixturesingascylinders.CylinderspurchasedfromvendorsaretraceabletoaNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).62-componentmixturefromScottGases(catalognumber41973-U).Stockstandardis1,000ppbv.

b. PrimaryFieldStandard(5ppbv)–Dilutethe1,000ppbvprimarystandard(s)1:200.Evacuateaclean6Lcanister.Add50µlofDIwater.Add90mLof1000ppbvstandard.Fillcanistertofinalpressureof2280torrusingUHPN2.Thisprovides12Lofusable5ppbvstandard(16Ltotal).

c. PrimaryFieldStandard(0.5ppbv)–Dilutethe1,000ppbvprimarystandard(s)1:2000.Evacuateaclean6Lcanister.Add50µlofDIwater.Add9mLof1000ppbvstandard.Fillcanistertofinalpressureof2280torrusingUHPN2.Thisprovides12Lofusable0.5ppbvstandard(16Ltotal).

d. DailyFieldCalibrationstandards–PrimaryFieldDailyCalibrationStandard–Filla1literTedlarbagwith5ppbvprimaryfieldstandard.

2. Internal/Surrogate/Tuningstandard–Theinternal/surrogate/tuningstandardmixisprovidedwiththeHAPSITEinadisposablegascylinder.Eachcylinderispreparedwithbromopentafluorobenzene(BPFB)and1,3,5-Tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene(TRIS)atapproximately5ppbvwithnitrogenasthebalancegas.

3. NitrogenCarrierGas–UltraHighPurity(UHP)99.999%orbetter.EitherindisposableInficoncanistersorcommerciallyprovidedcylinder(ifHAPSITEwillbeusedinafixedlocationandlargequantitiesarerequired.)

8.0 QualityAssurance/QualityControlAllreportinglimits,QCfrequency,andQCacceptancecriteriaaresubjecttochangeonaprojectspecificbasis.

1. TheinstrumentistunedusingBPFBandTRIS.Thisisgenerallyperformedbeforeanalysiseachday.TheHAPSITEsoftwarerunsatuningprogramsettooptimizeitsinstrumentparametersforanalysis.Thisprogramoptimizessensitivityandenableslibrarymatchingofthespectra.

a. Thereareshortandlongtunealgorithms.Typically,theshorttuneisperformed.Alongtuneistypicallyperformedonlyaftermajorinstrumentmaintenance.

b. Afterrunningasuccessfultune(tunepassesinternalinstrumentcriteria),itissavedtothedefaulttunefile.

c. TheHAPSITEisnotdesignedtopassthetypicalTO-15bromofluorobenzene(BFB)tunecriteriatooperateatitshighestpotential.Therefore,BFBtunecriteriaarenotrelevantforthisSOP.


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2. InitialCalibration.Aninitialcalibrationcurveisrequiredtodemonstrateadequateinstrumentperformanceforsensitivity,linearity,resolution,andabsenceofactivesites.

a. Avalidinitialcalibrationcurvemustbeestablishedbeforesamplescanbeanalyzed.TheGC/MSiscalibratedfollowingtheoutlinebelow.Variationsfromthisstandardcalibrationschemearesometimesnecessarybecauseofprojectreportinglimitrequirements.

b. Asthereportinglimitisdrivenbythelowestcalibrationpoint,anyloweringoftheRLwillrequireeither(1)calibratingtoalowerlevel,or(2)injectionofmoresamplevolume.

c. CalibrationSchemes.Thefollowingcalibrationschemeshavebeensuccessfullyused,theactualschemeusedshouldbetailoredtotheinstrumentandprojectrequirements.Itisbasedona1-minutesamplingperiod(1minutesat100mL/min=100mL)

CalLevels(1-minutesamplingtimenormalization)

CalLevel–SIMStandard

Concentration,ppbv Samplingtime,(min) Concentration,ppbv

Level1 0.5 0.2 0.1

Level2 0.5 1.0 0.5

Level3 0.5 2.0 1.0

Level4 5.0 1.0 5.0

Level5 5.0 5.0 25.0

d. Thecurvecanbeshiftedtobemoreorlesssensitivebyincreasingordecreasingthesamplingtime.Longersamplingtimeincreasessensitivity,andviceversa.

e. Fortheinitialcalibration,aresponsefactor(RF)andapercentrelativestandarddeviation(RSD)arecalculatedforeachanalyte.

f. Afteranewcalibrationisperformedthemethodneedstobesavedwiththecorrectfilename.Themethodnameshouldbethedatefollowedbyanidentifier.Forexample,anICALperformedonOctober29,2014forclientxwillbenamed102914X.

g. Theremustbeatleast3pointstohaveavalidcalibrationcurve.Thelowestpointmustbeatorbelowthereportinglimit.

h. The%RSDforallcompoundsmustbelessthan30%.

i. Ifthe%RSD>30%,thenalinearcurvefitmaybeusedaslongasthecurvefit>0.995.

j. Iftheaboverequirementsarenotmet,thenanewinitialcalibrationmustbeperformed.Ifthisdoesnotresultinanacceptableinitialcalibration,thensystemmaintenancemaybenecessary.

k. Calibrationsarevalidforoneyear(oruntiltheendoftheproject,whicheveroccursfirst)aslongasQCcontinuestomeetacceptancecriteria.

l. Inthefollowinginstances,anewcalibrationwillberequired:

i. MajorinstrumentmaintenancesuchascleaningtheMS.ii. Repeatedfailuretopasscontinuedcalibrationcriteria.

m. Ifananalyzedsamplefallsabovethecalibratedrangeoftheinstrument,itshouldbediluted(ifpossible).


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3. MethodBlanks–methodblanksarerequiredatarateofoneperday.Methodblanksareanalyzedtomonitorpossibleinstrumentcontamination.MethodblanksarepreparedwithUHPnitrogeninaTedlarbageverydaysamplesaretobeanalyzed.Themethodblankiscarriedthroughthesameanalyticalprocedureasafieldsample.

a. Methodblanksareanalyzedbyinjectingthefullnormalizedvolumeofnitrogen(variesbysystem)intotheHAPSITEandfollowingproceduresoutlinedinSection9.

b. TheblankmustnotcontainanytargetanalyteataconcentrationgreaterthantheRLandmustnotcontainadditionalcompoundswithelutioncharacteristicsandmassspectralfeaturesthatwouldinterferewithidentificationandmeasurementofamethodanalyte.Iftargetanalytesarefoundinthemethodblankabovethereportinglimit,thesourceofthecontaminationmustbeconsidered.Usually,re-runningtheblankwillresolvemostproblems(especiallyifthesamplerunpriortotheblankwashighintargetanalyteconcentration.)Ifblankcontaminationisstillpresent,theanalystshouldperformsystemmaintenance.Somecommonproblemsthatcauseablanktoshowcontaminationare:

i. Coldspots–checkheatedzonesforfailure.ii. Contaminatedsampleprobe–flushtheprobeiii. DirtyTedlarbag–flushandrefillthebagorusenewbag.

c. Note:Insituationswhereexpectedconcentrationsaregoingtobesignificantlygreaterthanthereportinglimitand/oroutdoorair,abackgroundairsamplemaybesubstitutedfornitrogen.

4. ContinuingCalibrationVerifications(CCV)–aprimarysourcestandardanalyzedatthebeginningofananalyticalbatchtoensurethattheinstrumentcontinuestomeettheinstrumentsensitivityandlinearityrequirementsoriginallyestablishedbytheinitialcalibration.

5. Theopeningcalibrationverificationforeachcompoundofinterestwillbeverifiedpriortosampleanalysisusingthesameintroductiontechniqueandconditionsasusedforsamples.Thisisaccomplishedbyanalyzingoneofthecalibrationstandardsusedforinitialcalibration.

a. Typicalconcentrationsforcalibrationverificationareatorbelowthemidpointoftheinstrumentcalibrationcurve.

6. NoclosingcalibrationcheckisrequiredforEPAMethodTO-15analysis.However,iftimeallows,itisgoodpracticetoanalyzeaclosingcalibrationchecktoincreaseconfidenceindataquality.

7. The%Dforeachcompoundmaynotexceed30percent.

8. Failuretopasscontinuingcalibrationcriteriarequirescorrectiveactionareperformed.Repeatedfailuretopassresponsefactorcriteriarequirestheperformanceofanewinitialcalibration.

9.0 Procedure1. StartupwhentheHAPSITEisreceived:

a. UnpacktheHAPSITE.Itisusuallyshippedwiththepoweroffandthemassspecpumpeddown.Besurethatithasasignificantamountoftime(atleastanhour,butovernightifpossible)towarmupandequilibratebeforeuse.

b. Insertthecarriergas(orattachexternalsupply)andinternalstandardgascylinders.Verifythatthesampletraphasnotbrokenduringshipment.

c. PlugtheHAPSITEintoanexternalpowersource.TheHAPSITEhasanonboardbattery,butitneedstobere-chargedperiodically.


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d. Attachthecomputer(turnonandstartsoftware).ThenpushthepowerbuttonontheHAPSITE.TheHAPSITEwillgothroughawarmuproutine,thenatune.Whenpromptedforatrapcleanout,press“yes”ontheHAPSITEscreen.

e. LoadthedesiredmethodontheHAPSITEscreenandthendenotethismethodasthedefaultmethod.Thisisimportantbecauseotherwiseitwilldefaulttoadifferentmethodattheendofeachrunandchangezonetemperaturesettings.Note:Allfiles(method,tune,data)resideontheHAPSITEnotthePC.

f. Tokeepdatafilesinanorderlymanner,itisrecommendedtocreateanewsubdirectoryeachday.Thiscanbedoneinthemethodeditor(Datapage)

2. Startupfromextendedstandby:

a. Presspowerbuttonb. Insertinternalstandardandcarriergas.c. Waitforinstrumenttowarmupandruntune.

3. Analyticalstandardsand/ordilutedsamplesinTedlarbagsareattachedtothesampleprobemanifoldwithacompressionfitting.Ambientairsamplesaresimplydrawndirectlyintotheprobe.Pressurizedorevacuatedsampleorstandardsourcescannotbeusedastheywillsignificantlychangeinstrumentresponse.

4. Surveymode(Sniffmode)

a. LoadtheappropriatesurveymethodontheHAPSITE.ThiscaneitherbedonefromthetouchscreenorthePC.Besurethatthemethodisappropriateforthetargetcompounds.Ifnecessary,sensitivitycanbeincreasedbyusingSIMtotargetthemostimportantionsofinterest.

b. Oncetheinstrumentstartssampling,placetheprobeinthelocations(cracks,drums,etc.)tobesampled.

c. Recordonthefieldlogtheelapsedtimeintotherunandthelocationofeachsampling.Fieldlogswillbehandwritteninthefield.

d. Whencomplete,pressthestopbuttononeithertheHAPSITEscreenorthePC.

e. Note:Itrequiresabout2ppmvoftotalVOCstoregisteradiscernablechangeinbaselineinscanmodeandabout100ppbvinSIMmode.

5. Quantitationmode

a. UsingthemethodeditoronthePC,verifythatthedesiredsampletimeissetcorrectlyinthemethodtobeusedforanalysis.Typically,thiswillbe1minute,butmaydifferdependingonprojectrequirementsordilutions.Savethemethod.

b. LoadtheappropriatequantitationmethodontotheHAPSITE.ThiscaneitherbedonefromthetouchscreenorthePC.Besurethatthemethodisappropriateforthetargetcompounds.Ifnecessary,sensitivitycanbeincreasedbyusingSIMtotargetthemostimportantionsofinterest.

c. RuntheQC(eitheranICALorCVandblank).AttachaTedlarbagcontainingthestandardorUHPblankgastothesampleprobe.OpenthebagandpressrunontheHAPSITE.OnceQChaspassedcriteriathensampleanalysiscanbegin.

d. Placetheprobeinthelocationtobesampled.PresstherunbuttonontheHAPSITE.Oncethedesiredsampletimehasbeencompleted,theprobecanberemovedfromthesamplinglocation.


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e. Oncetheanalysisiscomplete,allowtheGCoventocool,theninjectthenextsample.

f. AllofthesampleandQCinformationforananalyticalrunsuchaslabandclientsampleIDs,injectionvolumes,standardIDs,andrunmethods,(etc.),areaddedtothehandwrittenfieldlog.

6. SampleDilution

a. Anysamplethathastargetanalytesoverthecalibratedrangeoftheinstrumentshouldbedilutedifpossible.Thesubsequentdilutionshouldberunsuchthatthefinalvalueofthemaximumconcentrationanalyterecoverswithinthecalibratedrangeontheinstrument(beforedilutionfactorsareapplied).

b. RequireddilutionsforHAPSITEanalysiscanbeachievedintwodifferentways.

i. Concentratorfilltime:Injectasmallersamplevolume.Recordalldilutionsinthefieldform.Forexample,normalizedtoa1-minutefilltime(100mL),adilutionof5×canbeperformedbyonlysamplingfor0.2minute(20mL).UsingthemethodeditoronthePC,setthedesiredsampletimeinthemethodtobeusedforanalysis.Savethemethod.ThenloadtheappropriatequantitationmethodontotheHAPSITE.ThiscaneitherbedonefromthetouchscreenorthePC

ii. Tedlarbagdilution:TakeasamplewithasyringeandinjectitintoaTedlarbagwithaknownvolumeofcleanair.Attachthebagtotheinstrumentsamplingportandwithdrawanaliquot.Thealiquotcanbelessthanthenormalizedvalue(asinthesectionbefore).BoththeTedlarbagdilutionfactorandconcentratorfillinjectionfactorsareappliedtothefinalinstrumentresult.

7. Attheendoftheday,puttheHAPSITEintoexternalstandbyandremovecarriergasandISTDiftheinstrumentisgoingtobeusedagainnextday.OtherwisetheHAPSITEcanbepoweredoff.

10.0 TablesTable1.TypicalMethodAnalytes(SIMMode,1-minutefilltime)

StandardAnalytesReportingLimit

μg/m3

1,2-DCE(cis) 2.0

1,2-DCE(trans) 2.0

PCE 0.69

TCE 0.55

VinylChloride 1.3

Allreportinglimitsaresubjecttochangeonaclientspecifiedbasisasrequestedbythatclient.


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HAPSITELogSheet:QuantificationModeProject:

ParentID

SampleDate:

HAPSITE:

Quant.Method:

Cali.Date:

Cali.Range:

Run# Date Time SampleID SampleLocationDescription CIS TCE PCE Notes

Notes:Cali.=CalibrationCIS=cis-1,2-DichloroetheneID=IdentificationPCE=TetrachloroetheneQuant.=QuantificationTCE=Trichloroethene


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HAPSITELogSheet:SniffModeProject:

ParentID

SampleDate:

HAPSITE:

SurveyMethod:

Run# Date Time SurveyMethod SampleDescription Notes

Note:ID=Identification


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SOPB.18 HAPSITEScreeningwiththeHeadspaceSamplingSystem


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SOPB.19 SurfaceWaterSampling1.0 PurposeandScopeThisstandardoperatingprocedure(SOP)describesmethodsandequipmentcommonlyusedforcollectingenvironmentalsamplesofsurfacewaterforlaboratoryanalysis.

2.0 EquipmentandMaterials• Stainlesssteelorglassbeaker• Samplecontainers• Samplelabels• Calibratedwater-qualitymeter• Distilledwater/Alconox™(fordecontaminatingsampleequipment)• Papertowels• Resealableplasticbags• Disposablegloves• Fieldlogbookorfieldform• Shippingsupplies(cooler,ice,plasticresealablebags,custodyseals,chain-of-custodyforms)

3.0 Procedures1. Whensamplinginastreamorcreek,fieldpersonnelshouldstartdownstreamandworkupstreamto

avoidcross-contaminatingunsampledareas.

2. Priortosamplecollectionrecordthesamplelocationinthefieldlogbookand/orappropriatefieldform.

3. Decontaminateallfieldsamplingequipmentpriortouse.

4. Calibrateallfieldmeasurementequipmentpriortouse.

5. Ifpossible,fillthesamplecontainersdirectlyfromthesource.Ifthesamplecontainercannotbefilleddirectly(forexample,whenfillingapre-preservedvialinrunningwater)adecontaminatedstainlesssteelorglassbeakercanbeusedtocollectthesampleandfillthesamplecontainers.

6. Immersethesamplecontainerorcleanglassorstainlesssteelbeakerwiththeopeningfacingupstreamtocollectsamplevolume.Thebeakershouldbeimmersedgentlytoavoidturbulence.Avoidcollectingfloatingsurfacedebrisordisturbedbottomsedimentinthewatersample.

7. Ifcollectingfromarunningstream,thedecontaminatedsamplecontainercanbeattachedtoapoleforsamplecollection.

8. Collectthesampleintoappropriatelylabeledsamplevialsandbottles.Volatileorganiccompound(VOC)samplesshouldbecollectedfirst.Transferthesamplegentlytoavoidturbulenceandbubbleformationinthevial.

9. Ifinsufficientwaterispresentinthewatersourcetodirectlycollectasample,asmallholecanbedugnearthesourceusingadecontaminatedtrowelorshovel.Sedimentswithinthewatershouldbeallowedtosettlebeforeobtainingthesample.Thesampleswillthenbecollecteddirectlyintothesamplecontainersifpossible.

10. Capthesamplebottlesimmediatelyaftersamplecollectionandstoreoniceinthesamplecooler.

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11. Decontaminatecollectionvesselsbetweenusesifusingnon-dedicatedequipment.Whereverpossiblesamplefromareasoflowestcontaminationtohighestcontamination.

12. Assoonaspossibleaftersamplecollectioniscompletecollectadditionalsurfacewaterinabeakerformeasuringwaterqualityparameters.Allowsufficienttimeforparameterstostabilizeandrecordasinglesetofwaterqualitymeasurements.

13. StoreandshipthesamplesaccordingtotheproceduresinSOPB.13,SampleHandlingandShipping.

4.0 DocumentationandFieldFormsFieldpersonnelwillrecordallfieldsamplingactivitiesintheappropriatefieldformand/orfieldlogbookasdiscussedinSOPB.3,FieldDocumentation.

5.0 QualityControl5.1 EquipmentDecontaminationSamplingequipmentthatwillbeusedatmultiplesamplinglocationswillbedecontaminatedaftersamplingateachlocationinaccordancewithSOPB.2,DecontaminationofPersonnel,HeavyEquipment,andSamplingEquipment.






SOPB.20 DataManagementPlan1.0 IntroductionThisdatamanagementplan(DMP)outlinesthesystemsandprocessesthatwillsupportdatamanagementduringtheenvironmentalinvestigationsperformedatthe700South1600EastTetrachloroethene(PCE)PlumeSite(hereafterreferredtoasthe“PCEPlumeSite”)locatedneartheGeorgeE.WahlenVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterinSaltLakeCity,Utah.TheworkwillbeperformedunderContractNo.W912DQ-15-D-3014,TaskOrder(TO)0005,betweentheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,KansasCityDistrict(USACE-KC)andCH2MHILL,Inc.(CH2M).Thescopeofworkincludesrevisionsmadetotheinitialscopeofwork,asdocumentedintheapprovedWorkVarianceNotices.TheseinvestigationsarebeingmanagedbytheU.S.DepartmentofVeteransAffairs-VeteransHealthcareAdministration(VHA)SaltLakeCityHealthCareSystem,SaltLakeCity,Utah.ThisDMPwaspreparedtosupportthedatacollectionactivitiesdescribedintheOperableUnit2remedialinvestigationworkplan(RIWP),whichwasunderpreparationatthetimethisDMPwasprepared,aswellasAcceleratedOperableUnit1(AOU-1)datathatincludedatacurrentlystoredinanexistingdatabase,anddatafromtheplannedMarch2017AOU-1samplingeventthatwillbeprovidedwiththelegacydata.Thisdocumentincludesthedatamanagementstandardsandguidelinesfordatagenerated,validated,anddistributedduringtheprojectduration.

ThisDMPwillbeusedbyprojectteammembersandsubcontractorsinvolvedingenerating,managing,andreportingdata.ThisDMPdescribesqualityassuranceandqualitycontrolprocedures(QA/QC)specifictomanagingprojectdata.QA/QCproceduresfordatagenerationwillbedescribedinthequalityassuranceprojectplan(QAPP),acomponentoftheRIWP.Thisplanmayberevisedoramendedtoaccommodatechangesinsiteconditionsordatamanagementrequirementstobetterachieveprojectobjectives.

1.1 RemedialInvestigationScopeTheremedialinvestigation(RI)fieldactivitiesassociatedwiththisprojectmayincludethefollowingactivities.Someofthese,suchassoil,soilgas,andsurfacewatersampling,arenotincludedinthecurrenttaskorder,butmaybeincludedinfuturetaskorders,asnecessary,todefinethenatureandextentofcontamination.

• Installingandsamplingnewgroundwatermonitoringwells

• SamplingexistingmonitoringwellsandothertypesofgroundwaterwellssuchasSaltLakeCityorUniversityofUtahwater-supplywells

• Collectingandtestinggeotechnicalsamples

• Conductinggeophysicalandgroundwaterflowlogginginnewgroundwatermonitoringwells

• Conductingaquifertestinginnewandexistingwells

• SamplingindoorairinstructuresoverlyingAOU-1

• Samplingsoilandsoilgasinpotentialsourceareas

• SamplingsurfacewaterinareasoutsideAOU-1

Thedatamanagementsystem(DMS)willsupportefficientandaccurateinformationstorageandaccess,withtraceabledocumentationfromthepointofdatagenerationthroughfinaldatastorage.

REMEDIALINVESTIGATIONWORKPLANOU-2REMEDIALINVESTIGATION700SOUTH1600EASTPCEPLUMESOPB.20–DATAMANAGEMENTPLAN

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1.2 DataManagementObjectivesTheoverallgoaloftheDMSistoprovidetheVHAprojectteammembersreadyaccesstoconsistentandaccuratedata.ThisinvolvesdevelopingaDMSthatwillintegratemultipletypesofdata,includinggeographic,tabular,text,image,andwrittendocumentationdatafromavarietyofsources.ThefollowingaretheobjectivesoftheVHAproject-specificDMS:

• Standardizedatamanagementmethods

• Supportefficientdeliveryofhigh-qualitydatatoprojectteammembersincludingreductionintimebetweendatacollection,entry,andanalysis

• StandardizedatamanagementQA/QCprocedures,consistentwiththecurrentAOU-1QAPPandtheOU-2QAPPcurrentlybeingdeveloped

• Maintainadequatedatabackup

• Supportlong-termintegrityofdigitaldataandassociatedmetadatathrougharchivalstoragestandardsandpractices

• Provideforstorageandarchivingofnon-digitalinformationsuchaslogsheets,inspectionforms,documents,publishedandunpublishedreports,andmaps

• Subsequentsectionsofthisplandescribethetypesofinformationrequired,provideguidelinesfordatamanagementoperations,andsummarizerolesandresponsibilitiesofprojectteammembers.

1.3 RolesandResponsibilitiesTheoverallresponsibilityforimplementingtheDMPisassignedtotheprojectdatacoordinator(PDC).Designatedqualifiedindividualswillassumeexecutionresponsibilityofthisplanasdescribedbelow.Figure1-1showstheprojectteamorganizationalchart.TherolesanddescriptionsprovidedbelowpertainspecificallytothisDMP.TheindividualsassignedtotheserolesmayserveotherfunctionsduringtheRIandsuchresponsibilitieswillbedescribedintheprojectmanagementplanandRIWP,asappropriate.

ProjectManager(PM). ThePMdirectstheprojectteamindeterminingpotentialsourcesofexistingdata,identifyingtheprojectarea,andselectingthemosteffectivedatacollectionapproach.ThePMalsocommunicatestheflowdownofdatamanagementrequirementstosubcontractors.

ProjectDataCoordinator(PDC). ThePDCdevelopsandimplementstheprojectDMP.ThePDCsupervisesincorporationofapplicableexistingdataornewprojectdataintotheproject’shardcopydatarecordfileordatabase,asappropriate.ThePDChasprimaryauthorityoverthemasterandarchivaldatasets,datasecurity,dataaccessanddissemination,andmaintenanceofdatadocumentationandsupportsoveralldatabaseconfiguration,implementation,maintenance,andsecurity.ThePDCgenerallyhasgeneralresponsibilityforgeneratingandverifyingdata,andwillassesswhetherdataareconsideredcompleteenoughforinclusioninthemasterdataseries.ThePDCmayassigntaskstootherprojectpersonnelwhoaretrainedandqualifiedcommensuratewiththetasks.ThePDCalsointeractswithprojectteammemberstofacilitatedatacollectionandaccess.

RIFieldworkTaskManager(TM). TheTMrecognizesandcomplieswithrelevantdatacollectionanddatamanagementstandards.TheTMreviewsfieldlogbooksordatacollectionforms(paperorelectronic)toassesscompliancewiththeDMP,QAPP,andfieldsamplingplan(FSP).Responsibilitiesincludereviewingfieldrecordsanddeterminingifsampleswerelabeledproperly,instrumentswereappropriatelycalibratedbeforetakingmeasurements,andinformationwasrecordedcorrectly.TheTMrecordsnonconformanceordeviationsandcoordinateswiththePMandPDCondevelopingcorrectiveactions.


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GeographicInformationSystem(GIS)DataCoordinator(GDC).TheGDCcreatesandmaintainsgeospatialdata,projectmaps,andfiguresusingtheGISfunctionalitythatisbuiltintotheEQuISEDMS.TheGDCacquiresordigitizesmapsandfeatures,usessurveydatatolocateandcheckattributesofsurveyedfeatures,combinesspatialdatawithattributedatafromtheprojectdatabasetodisplayfeatureswiththeirattributes,andcustomizesmapstoincludecolor,tabularinformation,andinterpretivefeatures.TheGDCsupervisesfinalmapssubmittedindeliverablesandproducescustomizedfiguresandmapsaccordingtotheneedsoftheproject.TheGDCworkswiththePM,TM,andPDCtoupdatedatadisplayedonmapsandfiguresandtoimplementQA/QCprocedures.

ProjectChemist(PC).ThePCdevelopstheproject-specificstatementofworktobeperformedbytheanalyticallaboratory,includingdata-deliverablerequirementssuchasspecificationsforhardcopyandelectronicdeliverableformats.ThePCoverseesdatavalidationandprovidesthePDCwithvalidatedelectronicdatadeliverable(EDD)filesforincorporationintotheprojectdatabaseandraw(unvalidated)EDDsforarchiving.

ProjectFieldTeam. Thefieldteamconsistsofthoseindividualswhoperformorsupervisefieldactivitiessuchasinspections,monitoring,sampling,anddrillingoversight.Fieldteammembersareresponsibleforrecordingfieldactivitiesinfieldlogsanddatasheets.FieldteammemberswillprovidecompletedfieldformstothePDCordesignatedprojectassistantswhowillenterdataintothefielddatabase.Fieldteammembersmayalsohelpwithdataentry.

DataUser. Datauserstypicallyaremembersoftheprojectteamwhorequireaccesstoprojectinformationtoperformdatareviews,analyses,oradhocqueries.

Stakeholder. Stakeholders,whichincludeVHAandUSACEstaff,willhaveaccesstoprojectdocumentsthroughtheSharePointsiteandwillhaveaccesstotheprojectdatabasethroughastandardwebinterface.DatawillbeprovidedintheformoftabularexportsandstandardCH2MreportsummariesorincustomreportsthatcanbecreatedattherequestofVHAtomeetprojectrequirementsorpreferences.

Figure1-1.DataManagementPlanTeamOrganizationChartDataManagementPlan,RemedialInvestigation700South1600EastPCEPlume,SaltLakeCity,Utah


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2.0 DataManagementSystemandProcessesThissectiondescribestheDMSandrelatedprocessesthatwillbeusedduringComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityActof1980(CERCLA)activitiesattheVHAsite.

2.1 DataManagementSystemThedatamanagementsystemwillbesetuptomanagechemical,geological,hydrogeological,andgeospatialdata;well-constructiondata;andprojectdocuments.Thesystemiscomposedofthefollowingmajorelements,andareshownonFigure2-1.

Anenvironmentaldatamanagementsystem(EDMS)isbuiltintheEarthSoftEQuISTMsystem.Thisisathird-party,commercial,off-the-shelf,packagedEDMSsoftwaresystem.EQuISisalsobeingusedbytheprimecontractorcurrentlymanagingCERCLAactivitiesatAOU-1,andtheexistingAOU-1analyticaldatawillbeimportedintotheprojectEDMSaftervalidateddatafromtheplannedMarch2017AOU-1samplingeventareavailable.TheEDMSwillbeconfiguredonastructuredquerylanguage(SQL)serverforimplementationofEQuISandwillhousethefollowingdatatypes:

• Locationinformationforwellsandothersamplingpoints• Wellconstructioninformation• Simplifiedlithologicalinformationforboringlogs• Waterleveldata• Fieldparameters(forexample,pHandspecificconductivity)• Sampleinformationincludinglocation,dateandtime,samplingmethod,andmatrix• Analyticalchemistrydata

Provisionforweb-basedaccesstotheEQuISEDMSwhereindatausers,includingUSACE-KCandVHApersonnelcanaccesstheanalyticalchemistryandotherdatainspatialcontext.TheEQuISEnterprisewebinterfacewillprovidequery,view,andsortcapabilitieswithoutanyspecialhardwareorsoftwarerequirements.

ProvisionforGISisbuiltintheEnvironmentalSystemsResearchInstitute(ESRI)ArcGISsystem.TheGISwillbeusedtohouseandvisualizegeospatialdataincludingprojectspecificlocationinformationsuchaswellsandsamplepointsandreferenceentitiessuchasroads,buildings,andwaterbodies.TheGISwillbeintegratedintotheEQuISEDMSandwillbeaccessedthroughamapwidgetinEQuISEnterprise.EQuISmapwidgetswilldisplaysitedataoveramapbackground.

UserswillbedirectedtospecificonlinedocumentationandtrainingvideosontheEarthSoftwebsiteforguidanceinusingEQuISEnterprise(http://help.earthsoft.com/default.asp?W3032#Interfaceandhttp://earthsoft.com/support/office-hours-videos/)

Adocumentmanagementsystemconsistingofthefollowing:

• AMicrosoftSharePointsitecontainingdraftandfinaldocumentsandincludingnativefiles

• AMicrosoftAccessdocumentmanagementdatabaseshowingthestatusofeachdocumentandcontaininghyperlinkstotheSharePointsite,withaprovisiontoexportdatatoanalternativefileformatlikeMicrosoftExcel


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2.2 DataManagementProcessesDatamanagementtaskswillfollowadefinitiveflow,startingwithplanningfieldactivitiesandendingwiththereleaseoffinaldatatoteammembersforuseinreports,maps,andotherprojectdeliverables.ProjectdataplanninganddatamanagementtasksareshownonFigure2-1.TheVIFactorsDatabaseisshownonFigure2-1asoutsideoftheEQuISEDMS.ThisdatabasewascreatedaspartoftheAOU-1RemedialInvestigation/FeasibilityStudyprojecttocaptureinformationaboutbuildingsandsamplesrelatedtovaporintrusion.However,thestructureoftheDMSwillallowfutureinteractionwiththeVIFactorsDatabase,specificallythroughrelationshipsbetweenlocationandsampleidentifierscommontothetwosystems.

Theproject’sQA/QCrequirementswillbespecifiedinaQAPP,whichisbeingpreparedconcurrentlywiththisDMP.SpecificdatacollectionactivitieswillbedescribedintheFSP,alsocurrentlyunderdevelopment.Anauditabletrailoftheinformationworkflowwillbeimplemented.Thesixstepsintheworkflowprocessincludethefollowing:

• ProjectPlanning• SampleCollectionandManagement• LaboratoryAnalyses• DataValidation• DataManagement• Reporting,DataEvaluation,andAnalysis

TheprocessofdatamanagementplanningandimplementationfortheVHAprojectiscomposedofthefollowingelements:

• Planning:Featuresarenamedandlocatedonmapsandappropriatefieldformsareidentified.PlannedsampletablesarecreatedaccordingtotheQAPPandFSP.Theyincludelocationandsampleidentifiers,requestedmethods,laboratories,samplecontainers,proposedsampledepths,andsoforth.ThePDCloadsthesamplingandanalysisrequirementsintotheCH2MSampleTrackingandSchedulingProgram(STSP)fielddatabasebeforefieldactivities,andusethistooltogeneratesamplingplansandlabels.TheTMreviewsstandardfieldformspreparedforthesamplingactivity.

• SampleCollection:Fielddataandsamplecollectiondataarecapturedonpaper,reviewedbythefieldteammembers,andforwardedtotheTM.Fieldsamplesincludethosecollectedforfieldorlaboratoryanalyses.TheTMverifiesfielddataenteredinthefielddatabaseagainstthehardcopyfieldformsandchain-of-custody(COC)formsforaccuracyandcompleteness.ThePDCreceivesfieldformsandCOCformsfromtheTMastheybecomeavailable.ThePDCcoordinatesupdatingthefielddatabaseasdatabecomeavailable.

• QCChecking:Dataarereviewedforlegibility,completeness,andtechnicalaccuracybytheTMandforwardedtothePDCfordataentryand/oruploadtothedatabase.TheSTSPfielddatabasehasrecord-levelfieldsthatcaptureuseranddateinformation.Recordstatusistrackedtoidentifyrecordcreation,modification,andexportinformation.FielddataexportsthatincludetrackinginformationwillbeprovidedtoVHAaftercompletionofasamplingevent.TheextentoftechnicalreviewwillbedescribedintheQAPP.

• DataEntry:ThePDCreviewsthefieldforms,assignsvaliddatacodes,andfacilitatesdataentrybyusingtheEDDtemplateappropriateforthedatacollected.ThedataareenteredbydataentrystaffwithinstructionandguidancefromthePDC.FielddataarepreparedforuploadintheappropriatefieldEDDtemplate.AnalyticaldataareprovidedbythelaboratoryintherequiredEDDformat.


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• QCCheckingoftheEnteredData:FieldandanalyticalEDDsarecheckedforvalidvaluesbyelectronicdataverificationtools,specificallytheEQuISdataprocessor.LaboratoryEDDsarevalidatedaccordingtotheQAPP.ThePCreceivesCOCinformationinanelectronicformatfromthePDC,andfinalEDDandhardcopyfromtheanalyticallaboratory.ThePCcoordinatesdatavalidation,reviewsvalidateddata,andtransmitsvalidatedEDDanddataqualitysummaryreporttotheTMandPDC.ThePDCverifiesfieldandvalidateddatabeforedataupload.

• UploadFinalData:TherevieweddatasetistransferredtothePDCanduploadedtotheEQuISEDMS.Beforeuploading,thePDCnotesinconsistenciesorproblemsencounteredandresolvesoutstandingissuesbeforeuploadingthefinaldata.ThePDCcoordinatesintegrationanduploadingofdraftandfinaldocumentstotheprojectSharePointsite.

• QCCheckingoftheUploadedData:ThePDCperformsQCcheckstoassesswhetherthedatabeinguploadedarelogical.ErrorsareresolvedandcorrectedbycontactingthePM,TM,orthedataprovider.ThePMapprovesthefinaldataset.

• DataUse:ThePDCnotifiestheprojectteamthatthedataareavailableforuseinreports,figures,maps,riskassessments,orotherprojectdeliverables.

TheprojectdataplanninganddatamanagementplanaredescribedonFigure2-2.

Bothfieldandlaboratorydatawillbecollectedthroughouttheprojectduration.Initially,theplannedsamplingandanalysistableswillbeuploadedintotheSTSPfielddatabase(thebackenddatabaseisstoredintheCH2MSaltLakeCityofficenetwork).STSPisaMicrosoftAccess-basedtoolwithafrontenddatabaseinstalledinstandard-issueandsecureDelllaptopsthatisusedbyCH2Mpersonneltoaidinsamplecollectionsuchasprojectplanning,managingbottles,capturingfieldsamplingdata,producinglabelsandCOCforms,trackingsampleanalysis,andverifyingsampleandanalysisdatacompleteness.STSPhasanembeddedHelpfilethatdescribesitsfunctionality.OncecollectedandcapturedinSTSP,fielddatawillbecheckedandthenuploadedintotheprojectdatabasewithin1weekaftertheendofasamplingactivity.FielddatawillberegularlyreviewedandmadeavailabletoVHAastabulardataexportswithin2weeksafterasamplingevent.Theprojectdatabasewillhousethefield-generatedsamplecollectiondataandthelaboratoryanalyticaldata,andwillbeintegratedintotheEDMS.TheEDMShasbuilt-inreporting,thusallowingdatauserstheabilitytoaccessdatacomponentsastheybecomeavailable,within30daysafterdatavalidation.NewcustomreportscanbecreatedattherequestofVHAtomeetprojectrequirements/preferences.

SamplecollectioninformationwillbeforwardedtothelaboratorythroughhardcopyCOCforms.LaboratorydatawillbeforwardedtoCH2MelectronicallyfollowingthelaboratoryEDDspecificationincludedinSOPB.20AttachmentA.

FieldformswillbeprovidedasanappendixtotheOU-2FSP.Project-requiredvalidationwillbedocumentedintheQAPP.

DatabasesandstandaloneelectronicfilesanddocumentswillbemaintainedintheCH2Mdatabaseenvironmentandfileservers.Paper-generatedrecordswillbeplacedintheprojectfileandmaintainedpercontractrequirements.Attheconclusionoftheproject,finalfieldandlaboratorydatawillbestoredanddeliveredinaprojectdatabaseineitherMicrosoftAccess,comma-separatedvalue,orextensiblemark-uplanguageformatexportedfromtheEQuISdatabase.


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Figure2-1.DataManagementSystemSchematic

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