our chemical route to nanotechnology
DESCRIPTION
Using Reverse Micelle and Hydrothermal Techniques, we created a variety of Nanocrystals, Nanorods, Quatum dots etc. in our Laboratory at DAVIET, Jallandhar ( 2008-2011).TRANSCRIPT
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Our Chemical Route to Nanotechnology: An Overview
H. S. Virk1 & Poonam Sharma2
1Nanotechnology Laboratory, DAV University, Jalandhar-144008, India
2Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Routes to Nanotechnology
• Physical, chemical, biological and nature’s self assembly.
• Top-down and bottom-up approaches.• Chemical route to nanotechnology is simpler,
cheaper and allows fabrication at bench top conditions.
• Reverse micelles (microemulsions route) is a versatile method to produce a variety of nanoparticles.
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Bottom Up Techniques Used
• Reverse micelles, co-precipitation, solvo-thermal, sol-gel and seed growth technique.
• Quantum dots, nanorods and nanoneedles of Barium Carbonate, Barium Oxalate, Iron Oxalate, Barium hexaferrite, Zinc Oxide, Cadmium Sulphide, Cadmium Oxide and Silver prepared for characterization using SEM, TEM,
UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA & VSM techniques.
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Reverse Micelle Schematic
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Nanoparticle Synthesis (ME route)
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SEM image of Barium Carbonate Nanorods
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TEM images of Barium Carbonate Nanorods
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TEM images of Iron Oxalate and Barium Oxalate Nanocrystals
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TEM image of CdO Quantum Dots
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Conversion of Quantum Dots of Conversion of Quantum Dots of CdO to Nanorods using EDA CdO to Nanorods using EDA
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CdS Nanocrystals(CTAB+n-butanol)
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CdS Nanoneedles(CTAB+n-hexanol)
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CdS Quantum Dots( molar ratio=5)
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CdS Nanorods (molar ratio=15)
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Ba-M Hexaferrite Crystals (ME)
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Ba-M Hexaferrite Crystals (CP)
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Ba-hexaferrite ME(after calcination)
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Ba-hexaferrite CP(after calcination)
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Hysteresis loops of Ba-hexaferrite nanoparticles (CP & ME samples)
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SEM image of ZnO Nanocrystals in Ethanol and Nanorod(adding EDA)
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TEM image of Ag quantum dots and embedded nano particles
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Electrochemical Synthesis
• Electrochemistry has been used to fabricate nanowires and heterojunctions of Cu, Cu-Se and Cd-S. The results of our investigations can be exploited for fabrication of nanodevices for application in opto-electronics and nano- electronics. During failure of our Experiments, exotic patterns (nanoflowers, nanocrystals, nanobuds) were produced under nature’s self assembly.
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Electrolytic CellElectrolytic Cell
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Electrodeposition of Nanowires
• The electrolyte used is CuSO4.5H2O acidic solution. The rate of deposition depends upon current density, inter-electrode distance, cell voltage, electrolyte concentration and temperature etc. The technique has been tested for growth of nanowires of Copper and heterojunctions of Cu-Se and Cd-S electrochemically using anodic alumina and polymer templates (Nuclepore Filters).
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Atomic Force Microscope(NT-MDT)
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AFM image of hexagonal pores of AFM image of hexagonal pores of Anodic Alumina Membrane (AAM)Anodic Alumina Membrane (AAM)
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SEM Images of Cu Nanowires using SEM Images of Cu Nanowires using Electrodeposition TechniqueElectrodeposition Technique
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Capping Effect of Current VariationCapping Effect of Current Variation
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Copper Lillies grown due to over- Copper Lillies grown due to over- deposition of Copper in AAM deposition of Copper in AAM
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Copper Nanoflowers grown in Polymer Template (100nm pores)
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Copper Marigold (Gainda) Flower
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A Garden of Copper NanoflowersA Garden of Copper NanoflowersA Garden of Copper NanoflowersA Garden of Copper Nanoflowers
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SEM micrograph of Nanocrystals of SEM micrograph of Nanocrystals of Polycrystalline CopperPolycrystalline Copper
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XRD Spectrum of polycrystalline XRD Spectrum of polycrystalline Copper nanocrystalsCopper nanocrystals
Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Counts
0
20000
40000
60000
36.6
37 [
°]
38.2
83 [
°]
43.4
61 [
°]
45.4
48 [
°]
48.9
20 [
°]
50.5
80 [
°]
54.3
04 [
°]54.9
56 [
°]
64.8
09 [
°]
74.2
99 [
°]
KK1
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XRD spectrum of Cu nanowiresXRD spectrum of Cu nanowires
Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Counts
0
400
1600
Cu polycrystalline
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SEM Image of CdS NanowiresSEM Image of CdS Nanowires
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HRTEM image showing CdS HRTEM image showing CdS Nanowire & Heterojunctions Nanowire & Heterojunctions
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I-V plot of CdS Nanowire arrays I-V plot of CdS Nanowire arrays showing RTD characteristics showing RTD characteristics
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SEM image of Cu-Se NanowiresSEM image of Cu-Se Nanowires
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Cu-Se nanowires exhibit p-n Cu-Se nanowires exhibit p-n junction diode characteristicsjunction diode characteristics
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Thank You !!!