OUR COLLOIDAL SILVERThe nanoparticles of our colloidal silver are of a very pure silver (Ag), 0.999 fine silver is the minimum level of silver purity we use. The water in our colloidal silver is distilled, demineralized water. This means that other minerals, microorganisms, etc., have been removed.

QUALITY TEST

The Tyndall EffectJohn Tyndall was best known for his study of light scattering (the Tyndall effect) observed when a light was shined through a specific type of liquid suspension.

In his work, Tyndall noted that some liquid suspensions scattered the light when a light was shined through them, so they seemed to glow. He also noted that many suspensions didn't scatter the light. The light passed through without any visible effect. As he documented which suspensions scattered and which did not, a pattern began to emerge. In time, he determined there was a narrow band of suspensions in which light was scattered.

These suspensions that scattered the light are now known as COLLOIDS. Thus, today, a normal test for determining whether a suspension has any colloidal characteristics is to shine a light through the suspension and determine whether the light is scattered. If the light is scattered at all, it exhibits the Tyndall effect and will be classified as a colloid. If the light is not scattered in any way, then it will not be considered a colloid.

After identifying whether the suspension exhibits any Tyndall effect, the next step is to determine how strong the Tyndall effect is. A weak Tyndall effect suggests that only a small part of the suspension is colloidal. The stronger the Tyndall effect, the more of the suspension is colloidal.

Some colloids exhibit such a profound Tyndall effect, even normal room lighting is adequate to observe the effect described in the previous paragraph. In such cases the suspension is likely almost entirely colloidal. We call such suspensions, super-Tyndall colloids. Such colloids would be considered the highest quality.

The Tyndall Effect to Determine Colloidal Silver Particle Size The strength of the Tyndall effect is especially important, since a stronger Tyndall effect means more of the particles are colloidal in size. Colloidal silver which exhibits little or no Tyndall effect are undesirable and can be harmful in many ways. The Tyndall effect helps anyone determine how colloidal a silver solution is, the stronger the Tyndall effect the more colloidal it is and thus the more particles it has colloidal in size.

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Silver Nanoparticle SizeFor colloidal silver to be safe for humans, animals, and other multicellular organisms the nanoparticles must be kept within the 5 nm to 100 nm range. If the particles are smaller than 5nm then it is a molecular suspension and it is considered toxic. On the other hand, if the majority of the particles are larger than 100nm, they can be deposited as a heavy metal in the body, causing a condition known as argyria (a condition where silver is deposited as a heavy metal and can cause a permanent discoloration). In either case, too small or too large, the results are undesirable.

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What Color Should Colloidal Silver Be?Colloidal silver particles vary in color depending on the size of the nanoparticles and their concentration. Nanoparticles appear certain colors because they reflect (scatter) and absorb specific wavelengths of visible light. Light which appears white is a roughly equal mixture of the wavelengths of light that can be perceived by the human eye (roughly 400-700 nm).

When nanoparticles scatter light, the observer sees the light that is scattered from the nanoparticle formulation, causing the observer to perceive light that is the same color as the scattered color. For example, large silver nanoparticles scatter blue light, medium particles scatter green light and smaller particles scatter yellow, orange and red.

Figure (left) Scattering spectrum of 80 nm silver nanoparticles. The inset depicts the colors that are being scattered- note that the nanoparticles scatter primarily blue and green photons. Figure (right): Schematic of white light interacting with large silver particles. Note that for particles with the scattering spectrum displayed in Figure (left), blue light is scattered and seen by the observer .

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What About Nano or ionic Silver?Colloidal silver nanoparticles are nano in size. nm stands for nanometer. If unsure one can always use the Tyndall Effect Test to determine how colloidal any silver solution is.

ion: An atom or molecule that has acquired a charge by either gaining or losing electrons. An atom or molecule with missing electrons has a net positive charge and is called a cation; one with extra electrons has a net negative charge and is called an anion. A cation is a positively charged ion. Metals typically form cations.

In a few words, a silver ion is a positively (+) charged nanoparticle of silver, thus Colloidal Silver with charged nanoparticles of silver is ionic.

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How Does Colloidal Silver Work As A Germicide?

Numerous research shows that silver ions interact with bacteria and virus. The following information gives more information on how silver ions interact with bacteria and virus.

Bacteria:

Silver ions interact with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in 4 different ways:

• The silver ions interact with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups of proteins which inhibit bacterial respiration.

• The silver ions interact with bases of DNA. This interactions leads to the inhibition of DNA unwinding.

• The silver ions act inhibiting cell division and cause damage to bacterial cell envelopes.

• The silver ions interact with hydrogen bonding processes in the bacteria.

Virus:

In viruses silver is size dependent. It has been noted silver ions rendering dysfunctional certain actuator molecules. An example that is fairly easy to explain is the following: When silver ions catalyze a phosphate 'b' actuator molecule, (an organic actuator molecule that normally opens and closes a virus' orifice through which it injects an RNA strand into a host organism, causing the host to produce a new generation of viruses) the actuator becomes dysfunctional and will not open the orifice, making it impossible for the virus to inject the RNA strand into the host. The reproductive cycle of the virus is broken because it cannot induce the host to produce new offspring.

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What About High Concentrations?

What about different concentrations of colloidal silver? Is it fair to say, the higher the concentration (usually labeled in parts-per-million or ppm) of colloidal silver, the better? The thought is, if a little silver is good, a lot of silver must be better. Right?

Over eighty years ago, because of the dangers of silver toxicity, international research determined that if colloidal silver concentrations were kept below 30 parts per million (ppm) the chances of avoiding a silver toxicity were excellent. Such low concentrations would allow for a wide range of dosages without running the risk of a toxicity buildup. Thus, a wide diversity of national medical journals of the time promoted colloidal silver concentrations of 30 ppm and below.

During this same early part of the twentieth century, medical researchers were also trying to determine the lowest concentrations of silver which would still be effective as germicidal agents. They ran studies of concentrations which ranged from 1 to 2 parts per million (ppm) clear up to thousands of parts per million. Their findings demonstrated, from 15 ppm and higher, colloids of silver were 100% successful at killing all members of the organism in the study; thus, preventing any further proliferation. Below 15 ppm, colloids of silver killed some but not all of the members of the organism. As a result, the members of an organism which survived the below-15-ppm-dosage were able to still flourish. Thus, the researchers concluded that 15 ppm was the lowest concentration of silver with 100% effectiveness.

So a 15 ppm silver concentration is strong enough to do the job.

Our colloidal silver mineral supplement is manufactured to ensure the charged nanoparticles of silver or silver ions are kept within the colloidal size range, and the ppm being kept at 15 ppm thus providing efficacy and safety for our users.

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