our microscopic world. smallest, simplest organism, unicellular most abundant organism ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Our Microscopic World
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smallest, simplest organism, unicellular Most abundant organism Prokaryotic cell…very simple, NO nucleus,
ribosomes, cytoplasm, circular DNA, cell membrane, some have cell walls
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Archaebacteria “old” bacteria Found in
inhospitable conditions
Three types1. Heat lovers…found in hot springs, paint pots, ocean vents2. Methane makers…found in swamps3. Salt lovers…found in high salt environments…ie: Dead Sea
Eubacteria Most common Found everywhere Grouped by how
obtain food1. producers…make own food2. decomposers…consumer that breaks down matter to obtain nutrients3. parasites…consumer that obtain nutrients by feeding off other organisms
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SHAPES1. COCCI…Sphere
shaped
2. BACILLI…bar shaped
3. SPIRILLA…spiral shaped
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Bactria Reproduction… Binary Fission
Bacteria reproduce in a process called BINARY FISSION
1. Cell grows larger2. DNA replicates and attaches to the cell membrane3. The DNA and its copy separate as the cell grows larger4. The cell splits in two.
* each new cell contains identical DNA
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For MOST bacteria…Ideal conditions for reproduction are warm and moist.
When conditions are not ideal, some will
survive by forming and ENDOSPORE, a hard protective covering. Many bacteria can survive boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions. When conditions become favorable again, endospores can break open and bacteria can become active again.
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Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria… takes nitrogen from the air and change it to a useable form plants can use
Decomposing Bacteria…breaks down dead matter so nutrients are available for new plants
Bioremediation…bacteria converts pollution into harmless chemicals … used to clean up wastes, oil spills and remove toxins from soils
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Genetically Engineered Bacteria…To produce…
medicine, insecticides, cleaners, adhesives and some foods
Medicines such as…ANTIBIOTICS…chemicals used to kill
bacteria and other microorganisms INSULIN so diabetics are able to process
sugars and carbohydrates
Foods… (BLANK)to help make some sausage, some dairy products (cheese/yogurt/cottage cheese, etc), pickles
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Pathogenic Bacteria (Cause disease)They invade the host and obtain nutrients
from the host, weakening the host and causing damage to the host
Most can be treated with ANTIBIOTICSHuman Diseases caused by Bacteria…
cavities, ear infections, strep throat, food poisoning
Can cause disease in animals but also in plants, protists, fungi and other bacteria!
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Particles that imitate life…
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Microscopic particle that invades a cell, often destroying it
Found everywhere Many diseases are caused by viruses Contains a protein and nucleic acid
(genetic material) DO NOT eat, grow, use air Can only reproduce with HELP from a host The are NOT living!
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Viruses are classified in many ways…Type of diseaseLife cycleType of genetic materialShape
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Crystal…ex: polio virus
Spherical…ex: influenza, HIV
Cylinder…ex: tobacco mosaic virus
Spacecraft…ex: bacteriophage
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VIRAL REPRODUCTION Viruses MUST have a host
to reproduce The reproduction process is the LYTIC CYCLE
A. Virus finds a host
cell
B. Virus enters cell
OR DNA is injected into
cell
C. Virus’ DNA takes
over control of the cell
D. Cell produces new
viruses
E. New viruses
break out of the cell and
invade other cells
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Common coldInfluenzaPolioChicken poxMeaslesMumps
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Vaccines are used to build up an individual’s immunesystem by…1.Inject a weakened or “dead” virus into the body
(the shot)2. The body’s immune system recognizes the invader and
begins to build up antibodies (an army) to fight the virus3. The body’s immune system is able to build up the
antibodies to fight the virus because the virus is not very strong.
4.The next time the virus in introduced into the body, the body recognizes the virus and already has the antibodies (army) to fight the virus.
Common vaccines: polio, measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), influenza, chicken pox, hepatitis
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Non-infectious Disease…a disease that is not transmitted from person to person
Infectious Disease…a disease that is caused by a pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungus, protist) can generally be transferred from person to person
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Microscopic organismsFound commonly in pond waterCause dysentery
Don’t drink water from Mexico
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Cause fungal infectionsYeast infectionsAthletes foot