out look for eva
TRANSCRIPT
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Chameleon Suit Changing the
Outlook for EVANovember 7, 2003
Ed HodgsonHamilton Sundstrand
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Project Basics Advanced Extra-Vehicular Activity System
Concept Phase 2 Study
March 2002 January 2004
Contract #NAS5-03110 Grant #07605-003-001
HS Project Team Gail Baker, Allison Bender,Joel Goldfarb, Edward Hodgson, Gregory Quinn,Fred Sribnik, Catherine Thibaud-Erkey
External Support NIAC, NASA JSC, NASAHQ, and many, many more.
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Why a Chameleon Suit?
History
Future Needs
Technology Opportunities
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Historical EVA Challenges andIssues
Pressure Suit Mobility & Comfort On-Back Weight
EVA Expendables Durability / Maintainability
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Future Mission Needs
Accessible
Planetary
Surface
Earth& LEO Anywhere/ Anytime
Earths
Neighborhood
Easier Lighter
Cheaper Longer
Adaptable
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Technology Opportunities TheShape of Things to Come Recursive system evolution
Atomic scale design & manufacture
The imitation of life
Active, optimal multi-functional materials
unconstrained design integration.
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The Guiding Concept ADifferent System Paradigm
Historic EVA Systems
Functional partition
Environment isolation Component interfaces
Chameleon Suit
Functional integration
Environmentexploitation
Human interfaces
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The Many Shapes of the Chameleon Concept Implementation Options
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Implementation OptionsTechnology & Logical ChoicesPhase 1 StudyIntegrated Passive Thermal Control
Integrated Active Heat Transport
EmphasizeIntegrated CO
2
&
Humidity Control Active MobilityMCP Suit
MobilityMass Savings
& IntegrationActive Suit Fit
TransportArtificial
Photosynthesis
Energy Harvesting
Distributed
Energy Harvesting
O2 RecoveryModule
Distributed
O2 RecoveryReactants Energy
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Integrated Passive Thermal Control
(Phase 1 Study)
LCVG Layers (outer layer,
transport tubing, liner)
TMG and MEMS louvers
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
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Integrated Active Heat Transport
Distributed thin filmmodules or flexible
thermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
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Integrated CO2
& Humidity Control
Distributed thin film
modules or flexible
thermoelectric
polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Selective Chemical
Transport Membranes
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
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Active Suit Fit
Distributed thin film
modules or flexible
thermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Selective ChemicalTransport Membranes
Active Suit Fit Material
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
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Energy Harvesting
Distributed thin film
modules or flexible
thermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Selective Chemical
Transport Membranes
Active Suit Fit Material
Flexible solar cell arrays/
Photoelectric polymersConcentrated CO
2
and H2O vented to
environment
Harvested Energy to
backpack reduces
battery size
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermallyconductive fiber felt
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Artificial Photosynthesis
Distributed thin film
modules or flexible
thermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
Selective Chemical
Transport/Catalysis
Active Suit Fit Material
Flexible solar cell arrays/
Photoelectric polymers
Harvested energy
from photo- &
thermoelectrics to
drive oxygen
recovery
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Distributed O2
Recovery
Distributed thin film modules or
flexible thermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Selective Chemical
Transport Membranes
Active Suit Fit Material
Flexible solar cell arrays/
Photoelectric polymers
Oxygen Recovery Process
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber feltCO2, H20 andO
2Transfer
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Active Mobility - MCP Suit
TMG and MEMS louvers
Active Suit Fit Material
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
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Distributed Energy Harvesting -
O2 Recovery Module
Distributed thin film
modules or flexiblethermoelectric polymers
TMG and MEMS louvers
Active Suit Fit Material for MCP
Flexible solar cell arrays/
Photoelectric polymersHarvested energy
from photo- &
thermoelectrics to
backpack
Variable loft layers
with active polymer
spacers and thermally
conductive fiber felt
Suit atmosphere to
backpack for CO2,
H2O removal and
O2recovery
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Enabling Technologies
Multi-functional Materials Bio-mimetic Processes
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Information Technologies
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Multifunctional Materials
Conductive Polymers Shape Change Materials
Optically Active Materials Energy Storage and Conversion
Chemically Active Materials
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Polymers and NanocompositesEngineered Materials Revolution Driven by, enabled by, and underlying information
revolution Microelectronics > massive complexity > ever smaller features >
MEMS
Computational, imaging and modeling tools at atomic andmolecular scales
Ubiquitous in science, industry & society
Designer molecules
Multi-functional polymers conductive, mechanically active,optically active, chemically active
Biomimetic
Nano-composites
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Conductive Polymers
Alternatives to Wiring Harnesses, Switchesand Liquid Electrolytes
Conductive polymers andcomposite electro-textiles Flexibility
Massively parallel
interconnection Polymeric semiconductors
Integrated function, structure &control
Solid polymer electrolytes Lithium polymer batteries
Fuel cells ~ 1000 W-hr/Kg
Flexible batteries 160W-hr/Kg
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Shape Change Materials
-
-100
-
60-80
-
Medium
to fast
380
7.2
Dielectric
---20 to 4020 to
40
-150 to
150
Temperature
range (C)
-
0.3
30-35
107
100
20
0.35
Human
Muscle
-
120
1
strain
3
2
40
MIT
CP
2002
N
Very low
1
105
Low
2
5-10
insulation
-
>4
20
106
36
25
0.5
MIT
target
Y
40
20
106
100
25
40
MCP/
assisted
mobility
20Tensile strength
(MPa)
Y
low
1000
Low
25
20
Active
fit
O2 compatibility
Efficiency (%)
Life cycle
Strain rate (%/s)
Strain (%)
Force output
(MPa)
Characteristics
-
-100
-
60-80
-
Medium
to fast
380
7.2
Dielectric
---20 to 4020 to
40
-150 to
150
Temperature
range (C)
-
0.3
30-35
107
100
20
0.35
Human
Muscle
-
120
1
strain
3
2
40
MIT
CP
2002
N
Very low
1
105
Low
2
5-10
insulation
-
>4
20
106
36
25
0.5
MIT
target
Y
40
20
106
100
25
40
MCP/
assisted
mobility
20Tensile strength
(MPa)
Y
low
1000
Low
25
20
Active
fit
O2 compatibility
Efficiency (%)
Life cycle
Strain rate (%/s)
Strain (%)
Force output
(MPa)
Characteristics
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Optically Active Materials
Electrochromicmaterials
Inorganic
Polymers
Electroemissivematerials
OLED
MEMS
Photoelectric materials
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Energy Storage & Conversion
Thin film & polymericdevices
Increasing conversionefficiency
Lower cost & more flexiblemanufacture
Emerging applications
Progress of Thermoelectic Improvements
0
1
23
4
5
1930 1950 1970 1990 2010Year
FigureofM
erit,
ZT
Thin Film State of the
Art
Polymer state of the art
Commercially available material
Electrolyte
Plastic (PET)Platinum CatalystTransparent Conductor
0.010
inches
Plastic (PET) TiO2 & DyeTransparent Conductor
Photovoltaic
Polymer Batteries
Thermoelectric
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Chemically Active Materials
O2
CO2
H2O
CO2
e-load
H2O
O2
H2
e-power
H+
CO3=
O2
CO2
H2O
CO2
e-load
H2O
O2
H2
e-power
H+
CO3=
Porous substrate
Liquid containingfacilitators
Hydrophilized
surface
Vent flowCO2 ,O2,
H2O H2O
CO2
Vacuum
orSweep gas
Passive transport selective membranes
Active transport polymer electrolytes
Chemical conversion integrated catalysis
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Bio-mimetic Processes
Membranes Bio-catalysts
Artificial Photosynthesis
Self-Assembling Systems
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Membrane Technologies
Biological membranes
Self organizing
Selective transport
Active transport
Enzyme membranes
Biomimetic liquid
crystal membranes CO2 transport &
selectivity comparableto lung tissue
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Bio-catalysts
Biocatalytic Processes
Efficient reactions at
useful rates and
modest temperatures High specificity
Enzymes - organic -
stereochemical
Historical Processes
Efficient reactions at
high rates , high
temperatures Limited specificity
Inorganic metals &
salts
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Artificial Photosynthesis Find alternate chemicals / chemical
sequences to achieve photosyntheticfunctions recognizing photosynthesisspecificity of Fast kinetics
Highly specific pathways
Molecular level assembly
For example, mimicking chlorophylls light
conversion process (PSII) Carotene/Porphyrin/Fullerene sequence (Arizona
State University)
Development of Ru-Mn complexes (Uppsala
University, Sweden)
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Self-Assembling Systems
The essence of biology
Complexity (apparently) without
cost
Genetic codes molecular templates Understanding Practice
Natural systemsModes of operation
Engineered analogs
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Advanced ManufacturingTechnologies
Photo-Lithography Stereo-Lithography
Self-Assembling Systems
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Photolithographic ProcessesKeys to Practical Complexity at Any Scale
Design and manufacturingapproaches are proven
Extension to multi-
disciplinary systems hasbeen made
Extension to large scale
planar structures
Further growth in scale
and range of materials
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Stereo-Lithography
Photo-lithographic process extended to 3D
Direct computer control
Design flexibility
Responsiveness
Small lot economics
Increasing materials possibilities
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Self-Assembling Systems (again) Becoming a practical reality in engineering
practice One key to mastering massively parallel,
repeating systems of very small parts
Like the Chameleon Suit
Nanolitho effort harnesses self-assembly
PORTLAND, Ore. Nanoscale patterning of silicon substrates withregular, repeatable, atomically perfect application- specifictemplates could enable manufacturable nanoscale chips within thedecade, according to scientists at the University of Wisconsin'sMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center (Madison).
By R. Colin Johnson
EE TimesAugust 5, 2003 (2:54 p.m. ET)
http://www.eetimes.com/http://www.eetimes.com/http://www.eetimes.com/ -
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Information Technologies
Underlying Technology
Information Processing
Connectivity
Recursive Design
Advanced Interfaces
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Underlying Technology Base
Silicon as a designer material
Flexible, easily controlled functionality
Consistent continuous structure
Photolithographic manufacturing Progressive evolution to smaller scales
Consistent, local control of microscalecomposition
Automated design, manufacturing processes
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Information Processing
Dealing with massive complexity essential for and
enabled by information revolution enables:
Design of complex structures and networks
Complex control algorithms and networks Practical coordinated interaction of large numbers of
sensors and effectors
Analysis and understanding of complex natural systems designer molecules & biomimetic design
Chameleon Suit practicality
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Connectivity
Data bus structures and approaches to enable flow
of information among large numbers of
cooperating devices with practical overhead
Data bus
Ethernet
Internet Wireless adaptations flexible geometry and
topology
Smaller, lower power access devices smartdust
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Recursive & Extensible
Processes N-1th generation capabilities enable Nth
generation design
Progressive change in scale (smaller),
complexity (greater) Extensible to additional degrees of freedom &
new domains
MEMS
Microchannel systems
Ad d I f i I f
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Advanced Information Interfaces
Toward Thought Controlled Systems Progress in sensors and signal processing
Robust research in thought controlled systems Military systems & assistive systems and devices
Complex spatial and temporal patterns of very lowlevel signals
Noise, individual variability
Extensive training, user concentration Limited channel bandwidth < 10 Hz
Continued progress and research interest
Chameleon Suit applications potential
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Application Analyses and Results
Is the Concept Real? Thermal Control
Transport
Mobility
Mass Reduction
System Energy Balance
Implications for System Robustness
Artificial Photosynthesis Integration
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Thermal Control Viability
Passive & Beyond
Collapsed
Layers
Thermoelectric
Modules
Heat Spreading Layer
Carbon Velvet
Plastic
Heat Spreading Layer
Plastic Carbon Velvet
Gap (Vacuum) Aluminum
Thread
Skin
Ambient Environment
Passive heat rejection from suit
surface in most environments andat most work rates
Thin film thermoelectric devices insuit walls allow no expendables heat
rejection at maximum work rate and
lunar noon worst case thermal
environment 250 W power input.
T t M b I t ti
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Transport Membrane Integration
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Hole Spacing (in)
RequiredFlowArea/TotalSuitArea
Laminar
Sharp-Edged Orifice
Analyses show that
CO2 and humidity
transport through suit
insulation is consistent
with thermal control
design
0.0E+00
2.0E-06
4.0E-06
6.0E-06
8.0E-06
1.0E-05
1.2E-05
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Hole Spacing (in)
PressureDropper
SuitLayer(psid)
Pressure drop component
for flow through felt is
negligible compared to the
pressure drop through the
holes in the suit which is
~0.008 psid per layer
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Assisted and Enhanced Mobility
Active Fit, Assisted Mobility,Mechanical Counter Pressure
Required performance parametersseparately demonstrated in active
materials Combined characteristics &
environmental tolerance in sight
Energy harvesting essential forassisted mobility & mechanicalcounter pressure
Wrist
Bearing
Scye
Bearing Bearing
Arm
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System Mass Reduction
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
On Back Mass (Kg)
basephase1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Concept
On-Back Mass Reduction With Chameleon Suit Concepts
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System Energy Balance
Current Phase 1
Suit Concept 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr)DCM/CWS 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
Radio 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Pump 40 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fan/Separator Motor Ass'y 304 304 254 N/A N/A 254 N/A N/A N/A 254
Circulation Fan N/A N/A N/A 125 125 N/A 125 125 125 N/A
Electrochromics N/A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Actuators N/A 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300
MEMS Louvers N/A 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Thermoelectrics N/A N/A 122-80 122-81 122-82 122-83 122-84 122-85 122-86 122-87
Photovoltaics N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 to 3456 0 to 3456 0 to TBD 0 to 3456
Oxygen Recovery N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2350 N/A 2350
Net Energy Balance - MAX 514 801 853 724 724 853 724 3074 724 3203
Net Energy Balance - MIN 514 651 501 372 372 501 3084 734 TBD 605
Phase 2 Concepts
ENERGY BALANCES FOR CHAMELEON SUIT CONCEPTS
li i f S b
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Implications for System Robustness
Current reliability and life issues are eliminated:
sublimator, gas trap, filters. Fewer duration limiting resources
Massively parallel systemsgraceful failureresponses (gradual performance loss)
Inherent environmental sensitivity
Central control or common power failures (designmitigation)
Local thermal extremes possible with failures
A ifi i l Ph h i
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Artificial Photosynthesis
Integration Materials and energy transport
problem Energy (light) available outside suit
Materials available (CO2, H2O), andneeded (O2), inside suit
Both must be together for O2recovery
Energy transport
As electricity (low efficiency) As energetic intermediates?
A satisfactory solution path hasnot been identified yet.
Suit Pressurized Volume
Unpressurized Suit
Insulation Space
Waste
CO2, H2OO
2Need
Available
Light EnergyTransport?
S Vi i f h F
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Summary Vision for the Future
The seed has been planted and it will grow!
The path is clear to revolutionary change The required technologies are ripening for harvest
Targeted research is being explored with manyinvestigators
The vision of possibilities has been shared
The Chameleon Suit is on our technology roadmap
Todays unsolved problems are not insoluble Perhaps the Chameleon Suit really will look like
those Star Trek images after all
The best possible space suit will be invisible