out of the antilles: fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization to south america
TRANSCRIPT
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Out of the Antilles: Fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization to South America
Liliana M. Dávalos & Valéria Da C. TavaresJonah RothlederFernando BalseiroCarlos A. Mancina
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No island species on the continent I
There are many more species on the continent
Rojas et al. 2016 Syst. Biol.
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No island species on the continent II
Less diverse communities on islands and underused resources
=> Islands easier to colonize
Photo by Carlos Mancina
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No island species on the continent III
More diverse communities on continent select for increased competitive ability
Photo by Jon Flanders
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Reverse colonization exists Filardi & Moyle 2007 Nature
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Short-faced bats!
Photo by Jon FlandersPhoto by Jon Flanders
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Not for these bats
Multi-locus phylogeny fails to support island origin
Rojas et al. 2016 Syst. Biol.
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Key fossil is missing in phylogenies Drawing by Adrian Tejedor
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Analyses
• Data• Multi-locus data (7 nuclear, 3 mt)• Morphological data
• Tip dating• All extinct Quaternary bats in clade and
sister• Independent gamma rates
• BioGeoBEARS• DEC+J model (best-fit)• Test ancestral constraint
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Sphaeronycteris
AriteusArdopsPygoderma
Stenoderma
Ametrida
Phyllops falcatus
† Cubanycteris silvai
Centurio
† Phyllops silvai
Artibeus (Artibeus)
† Phyllops vetus
Mill ion years before present0.05.010.015.020.025.0
Posteriorprobability
1.00
0.48
Oligocene Miocene Pliocene
Short-faced batsStenodermatina
Cubanycteris is a Short-faced bat Sister to extant lineages
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Figure 2
Ametrida Sphaeronycteris Centurio Pygoderma Ardops Ariteus Phyllops
† Phyllops silvai† Phyllops vetus
Stenoderma † Cubanycteris silvai
Artibeus (Artibeus)
† Artibeus anthonyiArtibeus (Koopmania)
Artibeus (Dermanura)
Ectophylla Enchisthenes Chiroderma Vampyressa (Vampyriscus)
Vampyressa (Metavampyressa)
Mesophylla
Vampyressa (Vampyressa)
Platyrrhinus Vampyrodes Uroderma
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Mil l ion years before present
S A
M2.83
1.780.28
0.12
2.60
1.02
Founder-event dispersal(20% of cladogenetic events)
S A
M
1.13
0.32
6.465.04 0.68
0.73
Anagenetic dispersal(33% of cladogenetic events)
Miocene Pliocene
Short-faced batsStenodermatina
Biogeographic analyses Color = area
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Figure 2
Ametrida Sphaeronycteris Centurio Pygoderma Ardops Ariteus Phyllops
† Phyllops silvai† Phyllops vetus
Stenoderma † Cubanycteris silvai
Artibeus (Artibeus)
† Artibeus anthonyiArtibeus (Koopmania)
Artibeus (Dermanura)
Ectophylla Enchisthenes Chiroderma Vampyressa (Vampyriscus)
Vampyressa (Metavampyressa)
Mesophylla
Vampyressa (Vampyressa)
Platyrrhinus Vampyrodes Uroderma
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Mil l ion years before present
S A
M2.83
1.780.28
0.12
2.60
1.02
Founder-event dispersal(20% of cladogenetic events)
S A
M
1.13
0.32
6.465.04 0.68
0.73
Anagenetic dispersal(33% of cladogenetic events)
Miocene Pliocene
Short-faced batsStenodermatina
Reverse colonization is optimal Ancestral area = Antilles
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Ametrida centurioSphaeronycteris toxophyllumCenturio senexPygoderma bilabiatumArdops nichollsiAriteus flavescensPhyllops falcatus
Phyllops silvaiPhyllops vetus
Stenoderma rufumCubanycteris
Artibeus amplusArtibeus planirostrisArtibeus schwartziArtibeus obscurusArtibeus jamaicensisArtibeus fimbriatusArtibeus fraterculusArtibeus lituratusArtibeus hirsutusArtibeus inopinatus
Artibeus anthonyiArtibeus concolorArtibeus anderseniArtibeus cinereusArtibeus aztecusArtibeus watsoniArtibeus phaeotisArtibeus bogotensisArtibeus gnomusArtibeus glaucusArtibeus toltecusEctophylla albaEnchisthenes hartiiChiroderma villosumVampyressa bidensVampyressa brockiVampyriscus nymphaeaMesophylla macconnelliVampyressa melissaVampyressa pusillaVampyressa thyonePlatyrrhinus incarumVampyrodes caraccioliUroderma bilobatum
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Probability of occupancy per areaunder constrained DEC+J analysis
Mainland origin is rejected χ21 = 3.58, P = 0.0352
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Short-faced bats bite harder through higher, distinctive mechanical advantage
Dumont et al. 2012 Proc. Royal Soc. B Dumont et al. 2014 Evolution
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0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Unilateral Molar Biting
Palate Width / Skull Width
Pal
ate
Leng
th /
Sku
ll W
idth
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Bilateral Molar Biting
Palate Width / Skull Width
Pal
ate
Leng
th /
Sku
ll W
idth
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
In Snout Unilateral Molar Biting
Palate Width / Skull Width
Pal
ate
Leng
th /
Sku
ll W
idth
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
In Snout Bilateral Molar Biting
Palate Width / Skull Width
Pal
ate
Leng
th /
Sku
ll W
idth
Nectar
Crown Stenodermatinae
Stenodermatinae
Other
25 101520
HighvMStress
LowvMStress30 152025
LowMA
HighMA
30 152025
LowMA
HighMA
25 101520
HighvMStress
LowvMStress
Short-faced bats bite harder through higher, distinctive mechanical advantage
Dumont et al. 2014 Evolution Mancina & Garcia 2005 Carib. J. Sci.
?
High Low
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Thanks!