out of the sands of the arabian desert have come many wonderful things …
DESCRIPTION
Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …. Haram Mosque in Makkah. Hajj at the Ka'bah. Dome of the Rock (Israel). Royal Mosque (Pakistan). Samarra Mosque (Iraq). The Alhambra (Spain). Imam Mosque (Iran). Al-Razi & Ibn Sina. Al - Khwarizmi. Astrolabe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …
![Page 2: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Haram Mosque in Makkah
![Page 3: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hajj at the Ka'bah
![Page 4: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dome of the Rock (Israel)
![Page 5: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Royal Mosque (Pakistan)
![Page 6: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Samarra Mosque
(Iraq)
![Page 7: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Alhambra (Spain)
![Page 9: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Al-Razi & Ibn Sina
![Page 10: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Al - Khwarizmi
![Page 11: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Astrolabe
![Page 12: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A Thousand and One Arabian Nights
![Page 13: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
![Page 15: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Islamic calligraphy (Allah)
![Page 16: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Muhammad
![Page 17: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Five Pillars of Islam
I. Profession of Faith
![Page 19: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
II. Prayer
![Page 20: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
III. Almsgiving
![Page 21: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IV. Fasting
![Page 22: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
V. Pilgrimage
![Page 23: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spread of Islam
![Page 24: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
After the death of Muhammad…• Muhammad left no clear instructions on
succession →prominent Muslims met & chose a caliph (successor) and expansion continued
1. Abu Bakr (Muhammad’s father-in-law)2. Umar (father-in-law)
– conquered peoples retained land & religion– required to pay a special tax, known as the jizya
3. Uthman (son-in-law)4. Ali (son-in-law: Fatimah)
![Page 25: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Divisions w/in Islam• In Syria, governor Muawiya refused to pay Ali
allegiance & after the murder of Ali in 661, became the caliph of the entire Muslim world
• This created a split in Muslim world – Ali’s followers refused to follow Muawiya & the concept of the caliph as a political leader → Shiite Muslims (Iran, some in Iraq & Lebanon)
• Most Muslims followed Muawiya as caliph → Sunni Muslims (90% of all Muslims)
• Sufi – dissatisfied w/ the worldliness of Muawiya & the Umayyad Dynasty, they focused on prayer, meditation, fasting & religious writing
![Page 26: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Umayyad Caliphate(661 – 750)
• Stressed political rather than religious (ruled more like kings than caliphs)
• Arabic official language• Minted Arabic currency, built roads &
established postal routes• Jews & Christians were tolerated as people of
the book, but paid a tax• Shiite areas were discontent
![Page 28: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Abbasid Caliphate(750 – 1258)
• Anti-Umayyad Arabs joined non-Arab muslims to overthrow the dynasty & new caliph, Abu al-Abbas (descendant of Muhammad’s uncle)
• Baghdad became the capital of the empire• More social equality → Persians dominated the
bureaucracy, Turks dominated the army & Arabs controlled religion
• However, many lands on the outskirts began to break free from the Abbasid Empire
![Page 29: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)